Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar

Biodiesel production from renewable feedstock is a viable alternative to reduce both the depletion of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils such as palm oil. However, jatropha curcas oil can be most suitable source with potentially lower cost. The ob...

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Main Author:	Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92553/1/Muh.IrwanPSChE2020.pdf.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.92553
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.925532021-09-30T15:11:35Z Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar 2020 Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan TP Chemical technology Biodiesel production from renewable feedstock is a viable alternative to reduce both the depletion of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils such as palm oil. However, jatropha curcas oil can be most suitable source with potentially lower cost. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasound on the reaction rate, chemical reaction model and efficiency of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas oil. The production of biodiesel was done by the process of transesterification reaction using various types of solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and tert-butanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. Three different frequencies of ultrasound namely 35 kHz, 42 kHz and 48 kHz were used. The results showed that the highest percentage of biodiesel obtained was 97.80 % at 35 kHz, at molar ratio of isopropyl alcohol to jatropha curcas oil of 8 : 1, KOH concentration of 0.5 %, reaction temperature of 60 °C and the reaction time of 15 minutes. At frequency of 42 kHz and 48 kHz, lower biodiesel yields were found. An irreversible second order reaction model was observed with the calculated activation energy of 14.372 kJ/mol. The best engine performance for a mixture containing 40 % of jatropha biodiesel in diesel oil (B40) resulted brake specific fuel consumption of 0.19 kg/kWh and the brake thermal efficiency of 30.21 %. The exhaust emission test showed 0.17 % of CO; 3.3 % of CO2; 1428 ppm of NOx and 22 % O2. The followings are the physical properties of biodiesel tested : viscosity (4.0 mm2/s); density (900 kg/m3); flash point (110.5 °C) and cetane number (51). The testing complies with USA ASTM D 6751 and European standards EN 14214 2003. The study showed that the application of ultrasound enhanced the biodiesel conversion of jatropha curcas oil. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92553/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92553/1/Muh.IrwanPSChE2020.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:139276 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
description	Biodiesel production from renewable feedstock is a viable alternative to reduce both the depletion of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils such as palm oil. However, jatropha curcas oil can be most suitable source with potentially lower cost. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasound on the reaction rate, chemical reaction model and efficiency of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas oil. The production of biodiesel was done by the process of transesterification reaction using various types of solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and tert-butanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. Three different frequencies of ultrasound namely 35 kHz, 42 kHz and 48 kHz were used. The results showed that the highest percentage of biodiesel obtained was 97.80 % at 35 kHz, at molar ratio of isopropyl alcohol to jatropha curcas oil of 8 : 1, KOH concentration of 0.5 %, reaction temperature of 60 °C and the reaction time of 15 minutes. At frequency of 42 kHz and 48 kHz, lower biodiesel yields were found. An irreversible second order reaction model was observed with the calculated activation energy of 14.372 kJ/mol. The best engine performance for a mixture containing 40 % of jatropha biodiesel in diesel oil (B40) resulted brake specific fuel consumption of 0.19 kg/kWh and the brake thermal efficiency of 30.21 %. The exhaust emission test showed 0.17 % of CO; 3.3 % of CO2; 1428 ppm of NOx and 22 % O2. The followings are the physical properties of biodiesel tested : viscosity (4.0 mm2/s); density (900 kg/m3); flash point (110.5 °C) and cetane number (51). The testing complies with USA ASTM D 6751 and European standards EN 14214 2003. The study showed that the application of ultrasound enhanced the biodiesel conversion of jatropha curcas oil.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan
author_facet	Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan
author_sort	Muh. Irwan, Muh. Irwan
title	Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
title_short	Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
title_full	Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
title_fullStr	Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
title_full_unstemmed	Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
title_sort	kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92553/1/Muh.IrwanPSChE2020.pdf.pdf
_version_	1747818602790125568

Kesan pelbagai frekuensi ultrabunyi ke atas penghasilan biodiesel daripada minyak jarak pagar

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