A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia

Assessing the harmony level of a society is a beneficial effort to deal with challenges of ensuring a united and peaceful country. The social harmony is at stake due to the unpleasant milieu much related to racial issues. Assessing society from the perspective of an adolescent is crucial as today’s...

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Main Author:	Intan Noorjannah, Saidon
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2022
Subjects:	GN495.6 Ethnicity.
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/1/s823448_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/2/s823448_02.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.10110
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uum-etd.101102022-12-05T00:31:45Z A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia 2022 Intan Noorjannah, Saidon Mat Kasim, Maznah Ramli, Razamin Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had salleh Graduate School of Art & Sciences GN495.6 Ethnicity. HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform Assessing the harmony level of a society is a beneficial effort to deal with challenges of ensuring a united and peaceful country. The social harmony is at stake due to the unpleasant milieu much related to racial issues. Assessing society from the perspective of an adolescent is crucial as today’s adolescents are the future responsible citizens expected to build a harmonious nation. Therefore, this study developed a harmony index that is able to assess the harmonious level from the perspective of multi-ethnic adolescents in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Initially, criteria associated with the nation's harmony were identified and qualitatively ranked by selected experts. The Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method was utilized to formulate the weight for each criterion, which was then incorporated with the expert’s degree of credibility. The resulted weights were later integrated with scores on relevant nation's current situations in the Simple Weighted Average (SWA) method to develop the harmony index. Based on a scale of index values, the harmony level can be classified as low, moderate or high. The findings revealed that the level of harmony from the perspective of adolescents is 7.03, suggesting the level of harmony is considerably high and in harmonious situations. Among the criteria, mutual understanding, faith, morality and tolerance are the prominent criteria that promote harmony. The proposed harmony index has successfully incorporated experts’ degree of credibility with weights, formulated through the ROC and integrated in the SWA, which undoubtedly added up and expanded the knowledge in Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) analysis. Subsequently, the assessment through the harmony index could be a guidance to relevant authorities to plan appropriate actions and programs in order to sustain, promote and nurture the harmony among adolescents in Malaysia. 2022 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/1/s823448_01.pdf text eng 2025-08-21 staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/2/s823448_02.pdf text eng public other masters Universiti Utara Malaysia
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Mat Kasim, Maznah Ramli, Razamin
topic	GN495.6 Ethnicity. GN495.6 Ethnicity.
spellingShingle	GN495.6 Ethnicity. GN495.6 Ethnicity. Intan Noorjannah, Saidon A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
description	Assessing the harmony level of a society is a beneficial effort to deal with challenges of ensuring a united and peaceful country. The social harmony is at stake due to the unpleasant milieu much related to racial issues. Assessing society from the perspective of an adolescent is crucial as today’s adolescents are the future responsible citizens expected to build a harmonious nation. Therefore, this study developed a harmony index that is able to assess the harmonious level from the perspective of multi-ethnic adolescents in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Initially, criteria associated with the nation's harmony were identified and qualitatively ranked by selected experts. The Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method was utilized to formulate the weight for each criterion, which was then incorporated with the expert’s degree of credibility. The resulted weights were later integrated with scores on relevant nation's current situations in the Simple Weighted Average (SWA) method to develop the harmony index. Based on a scale of index values, the harmony level can be classified as low, moderate or high. The findings revealed that the level of harmony from the perspective of adolescents is 7.03, suggesting the level of harmony is considerably high and in harmonious situations. Among the criteria, mutual understanding, faith, morality and tolerance are the prominent criteria that promote harmony. The proposed harmony index has successfully incorporated experts’ degree of credibility with weights, formulated through the ROC and integrated in the SWA, which undoubtedly added up and expanded the knowledge in Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) analysis. Subsequently, the assessment through the harmony index could be a guidance to relevant authorities to plan appropriate actions and programs in order to sustain, promote and nurture the harmony among adolescents in Malaysia.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	other
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Intan Noorjannah, Saidon
author_facet	Intan Noorjannah, Saidon
author_sort	Intan Noorjannah, Saidon
title	A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
title_short	A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
title_full	A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
title_fullStr	A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia
title_sort	harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: the perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2022
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/1/s823448_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10110/2/s823448_02.pdf
_version_	1776103744138641408

A harmony index with consideration of experts' credibility in criteria weighting: The perspective of adolescents in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia

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