The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis

The past few decades have witnessed decreasing trends in female labor force participation (FLFP) around the developing countries, particularly in D-8 countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) despite substantial expansion of female education, sharp ferti...

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Main Author:	Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2021
Subjects:	HB Economic Theory
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/1/permission%20to%20deposit-grant%20the%20permission-902944.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/2/s902944_01.pdf
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spelling	my-uum-etd.103142023-02-12T08:00:20Z The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis 2021 Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid Abdullah, Norehan Chik, Abdul Razak School of Economics, Finance & Banking School of Economics, Finance and Banking HB Economic Theory The past few decades have witnessed decreasing trends in female labor force participation (FLFP) around the developing countries, particularly in D-8 countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) despite substantial expansion of female education, sharp fertility decline, and favorable economic conditions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of demand-side macroeconomic factors on FLFP in D-8 countries. Factors included are economic growth (GDP), trade openness (TOP), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization, and tourism, involving the interactive effect of cultural diversity, religious diversity, political environment, level of education and infrastructure. This study incorporated the Structural Change theory and Feminization U hypothesis, using two panel data streams from 1980-2018, 1995-2018, and annual time-series data from 1980-2018. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) findings revealed the statistically significant and positive effect of GDP and tourism on FLFP, while TOP, FDI, and urbanization registered mixed evidences. Although primary enrolment, ICT, and transport infrastructure enhanced the positive impact of economic growth on FLFP; ethnolinguistic, religious diversity, political environment, secondary and tertiary enrolment, and electricity impeded those positive effects. Indeed, the feminization U test revealed that most D-8 countries experienced nonlinear associations between GDP per capita and FLFP, with only Egypt, Nigeria, and Turkey registered the traditional U-shape of the Feminization U hypothesis. As a conclusion, the macroeconomic structure is vital to enhance the opportunities for FLFP. Hence, inclusive macroeconomic policies including trade orientation, proper diffusion of technologies, skill development training programs, access to infrastructure and political reforms are highly recommended to enhance labor policy that fully reaps the FLFP potentials in D-8 countries. 2021 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/1/permission%20to%20deposit-grant%20the%20permission-902944.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/2/s902944_01.pdf text eng public other doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Abdullah, Norehan Chik, Abdul Razak
topic	HB Economic Theory
spellingShingle	HB Economic Theory Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
description	The past few decades have witnessed decreasing trends in female labor force participation (FLFP) around the developing countries, particularly in D-8 countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey) despite substantial expansion of female education, sharp fertility decline, and favorable economic conditions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of demand-side macroeconomic factors on FLFP in D-8 countries. Factors included are economic growth (GDP), trade openness (TOP), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization, and tourism, involving the interactive effect of cultural diversity, religious diversity, political environment, level of education and infrastructure. This study incorporated the Structural Change theory and Feminization U hypothesis, using two panel data streams from 1980-2018, 1995-2018, and annual time-series data from 1980-2018. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) findings revealed the statistically significant and positive effect of GDP and tourism on FLFP, while TOP, FDI, and urbanization registered mixed evidences. Although primary enrolment, ICT, and transport infrastructure enhanced the positive impact of economic growth on FLFP; ethnolinguistic, religious diversity, political environment, secondary and tertiary enrolment, and electricity impeded those positive effects. Indeed, the feminization U test revealed that most D-8 countries experienced nonlinear associations between GDP per capita and FLFP, with only Egypt, Nigeria, and Turkey registered the traditional U-shape of the Feminization U hypothesis. As a conclusion, the macroeconomic structure is vital to enhance the opportunities for FLFP. Hence, inclusive macroeconomic policies including trade orientation, proper diffusion of technologies, skill development training programs, access to infrastructure and political reforms are highly recommended to enhance labor policy that fully reaps the FLFP potentials in D-8 countries.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	other
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid
author_facet	Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid
author_sort	Syed Sajid Hussain, Saima Sajid
title	The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
title_short	The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
title_full	The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
title_fullStr	The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis
title_sort	effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in developing-8 (d8) countries: a demand-side analysis
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	School of Economics, Finance & Banking
publishDate	2021
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/1/permission%20to%20deposit-grant%20the%20permission-902944.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10314/2/s902944_01.pdf
_version_	1776103788803784704

The effect of macroeconomic factors on female labor force participation in Developing-8 (D8) countries: A demand-side analysis

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