Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan
This study examines the website acceptance based on the information system quality and the impact of cultural dimensions and language components on the actual acceptance and usage of the identified media websites. Based on the data from three groups of users, namely the users of bbc.com to represent...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | eng eng |
Published: |
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/1/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%27amneh.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/4/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%2527amneh.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-uum-etd.2968 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
collection |
UUM ETD |
language |
eng eng |
advisor |
Minai, Mohd Sobri |
topic |
TK5101-6720 Telecommunication |
spellingShingle |
TK5101-6720 Telecommunication Ta'amneh, Islam Yahya Ahmad Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
description |
This study examines the website acceptance based on the information system quality and the impact of cultural dimensions and language components on the actual acceptance and usage of the identified media websites. Based on the data from three groups of users, namely the users of bbc.com to represent the purely English media websites, the al-jazeera.com representing the semi-localized media website and the al-rai.com representing the local websites. Questionnaires were administered to 420 internet users in different regions in Jordan. The questionnaire measures nine parameters which include the system accessibility, the response time, information quality, cultural adaptation, Arabic language, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes towards using the websites and the behavioral intention to use the websites. Capitalizing on the quantitative research methodology by expanding the technology acceptance model for the research framework, the findings showed that the cultural dimensions of power distance, collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance have the positive impact on the Jordanian users’ preference of the media websites. The conclusions are drawn from the positive impact of cultural adaptation on the perceived ease of use of the local websites and also on the users’ attitudes towards the use of the local websites. However, there is a negative impact based on the lack of cultural adaptation on the users’ attitudes towards the use of English originated websites. Similarly, there is no significant impact of the cultural adaptation on the users’ attitudes towards the use of the semi- localized websites. The research findings showed that the websites’ information system quality, the Arabic language usage and the Arabic cultural adaptation have positive impacts on the Jordanian users’ perceptions and acceptance in choosing the media websites as preferred websites. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
Ph.D. |
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Ta'amneh, Islam Yahya Ahmad |
author_facet |
Ta'amneh, Islam Yahya Ahmad |
author_sort |
Ta'amneh, Islam Yahya Ahmad |
title |
Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
title_short |
Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
title_full |
Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
title_fullStr |
Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan |
title_sort |
examining the impact of culture and language on the user acceptance of the media website in jordan |
granting_institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
granting_department |
Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/1/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%27amneh.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/4/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%2527amneh.pdf |
_version_ |
1747827473401249792 |
spelling |
my-uum-etd.29682016-04-27T07:53:57Z Examining the Impact of Culture and Language on the User Acceptance of the Media Website in Jordan 2012 Ta'amneh, Islam Yahya Ahmad Minai, Mohd Sobri Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences TK5101-6720 Telecommunication This study examines the website acceptance based on the information system quality and the impact of cultural dimensions and language components on the actual acceptance and usage of the identified media websites. Based on the data from three groups of users, namely the users of bbc.com to represent the purely English media websites, the al-jazeera.com representing the semi-localized media website and the al-rai.com representing the local websites. Questionnaires were administered to 420 internet users in different regions in Jordan. The questionnaire measures nine parameters which include the system accessibility, the response time, information quality, cultural adaptation, Arabic language, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes towards using the websites and the behavioral intention to use the websites. Capitalizing on the quantitative research methodology by expanding the technology acceptance model for the research framework, the findings showed that the cultural dimensions of power distance, collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance have the positive impact on the Jordanian users’ preference of the media websites. The conclusions are drawn from the positive impact of cultural adaptation on the perceived ease of use of the local websites and also on the users’ attitudes towards the use of the local websites. However, there is a negative impact based on the lack of cultural adaptation on the users’ attitudes towards the use of English originated websites. Similarly, there is no significant impact of the cultural adaptation on the users’ attitudes towards the use of the semi- localized websites. The research findings showed that the websites’ information system quality, the Arabic language usage and the Arabic cultural adaptation have positive impacts on the Jordanian users’ perceptions and acceptance in choosing the media websites as preferred websites. 2012 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/1/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%27amneh.pdf text eng validuser https://etd.uum.edu.my/2968/4/Islam_Yahya_Ahmad_Ta%2527amneh.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Aaker, J. & Mahaeswaran, D. (1997). The effect of cultural orientation on persuasion, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 24, pp. 315-28. AbuShanab, E. , & Nor, K. ,& Pearson, M. , & Crosby, L. (2003). Self-efficacy and end user satisfaction: the impact of social influence. Proceedings of the Decision Sciences Institute Conference- Washington DC. 2003, 1-6. Abdul-Gader, H. , & Kozar, A. (1995). The impact of computer alienation on information technology investment decisions: an exploratory cross-national analysis. MIS Quarterly, 23(3), 535-559. Adeoye, B. , & Wentling, R, (2007). The relationship between national culture and the usability of an e-learning system. International journal on e learning, editlib.org Agarwal, R. (2000). Individual acceptance of information technologies. In Zmud, R. (Ed.), Framing the domains of IT management (85-104). Cincinnati, Ohio: Pinnaflex Education Resources, Inc. Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1998). A conceptual and operational definition of personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology. Information Systems Research, 9(2), 204-215. Ahmed, T. , & Mouratidis, H. , & Preston, D. (2009), Website Design Guidelines: High Power Distance and High-Context Culture, International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47-60. Ahn T. , & Ryu S. (2007). The impact of Web quality and playfulness on user acceptance of online retailing Information & Management, - Elsevier Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Ajzen, I. (2002b). Residual effects of past on later behavior: habituation and reasoned action perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 107-122. Aladwani, M. , & Palvia, C. (2002) "Developing and Validating an Instrument for Measuring User-Perceived Web Quality," Information and Management, vol. 39, no. 6, , pp.467-476. Alexa. (2009). Retrieved JUNE 13, 2009, from alexa: http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/addustour.com 246 Al-Gahtani, S. , & Hubona, S. , & Wang, J. (2007). Information technology (IT) in Saudi Arabia: Culture and the acceptance and use of IT. Information & Management, 44, 681-691. Al-Gahtani, S. (2003). Computer technology adoption in Saudi Arabia: correlates of perceived innovation attributes. Information Technology for Development, 10, 5769. Al-Gahtani, S. , & King, M. (1999) Attitudes, satisfaction and usage: factors contributing to each in the acceptance of information technology. Behaviour & Information Technology. 18(4), 277-297. Al-Khaldi, A. , & Wallace, S. (1999). The influence of attitudes on personal computer utilization among knowledge workers: the case of Saudi Arabia. Information & Management, 36, 185-204. Almahamid, S. , & Mcadams, A. , & Al Kalaldeh, T. (2005). The Relationship between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Information Quality, And Intention To Use E-Government “ jatit.org Al-Majali, M. (2010). Application of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior on Internet Banking Adoption in Jordan. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Al-Saggaf, Y. (2006). The Online Public Sphere in the Arab World: The War in Iraq on the Al Arabiya Website. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication- jcmc.indiana.edu Altwaijri, A. (2002). The Arab Culture and other Cultures. Publications of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – ISESCO Ameinfo. (2006). Al Arabiya wins regional media awards. Retrieved may 20, 2009 from http://www.ameinfo.com/85113.html Angeli, A. , & Kyriakoullis, L. (2006). Globalisation vs. localisation in e-commerce: Cultural-aware interaction design. Proceedings of the working conference on advanced visual - portal.acm.org Armitage, J. , & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: a meta-analytic review. Britishjournal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499. Baack, W. , & Singh, N. Culture and Web Communications. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, No. 3: 81- 188, 2007 247 Badre, N. (2000). The effects of cross cultural interface design orientation on world wide web user performance. GVE Research Technical Reports. Available: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/reports/2001/abstracts/01-03.html. Bailey, E. , & Pearson, W. (1983). Development of a Tool for Measuring and Analyzing Computer User Satisfaction,. Management Science (29:5), May 1983, pp. 530-545. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanisim in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147. Barber, W. , & Badre, A. (1998). Culturability: The Merging of culture and usability. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Human Factors and the Web, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. Available at: http://www.research.microsoft.com/users/marycz/hfweb98/barber/index.htm. Barber, W , & Badre, A, (2001). Culturability: The merging of culture and Usability. Available at http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/marycz/hfweb98/barber/ accessed on 2009 Barnes, J. , & Vidgen,T. (2000). WebQual: an exploration of Web site quality, in: Proceedings of the Eighth European Confe rence on Information Systems, vol. 1, Vienna, pp. 298–30 BBC NEWS - Entertainment – “bbc News Interactive's new editor". http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm. Retrieved on 2007-21-05. BBC-About our site. (2010). Retrieved 2010 22, 23, from bbc NEWS: http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/purpose/what.shtml Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). An empirical analysis of the antecedents of electronic commerce service continuance. Decision Support Systems, 32(2),201-214. Bonnardel, N. , & Piolat, A. (2010). The impact of colour on website appeal and users’ cognitive processes – Displays, Elsevier Bowen, S. (2001). English could snowball on Net. Retrieved MAY 11, 2011, from Technology Research News (TRN): http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2001/112101/English_could_snowball_on_Net_112101.html 248 Brancheau, C. , & Wetherbe, C. (1990). The adoption of spreadsheet software: testing innovation diffusion theory in the context of end-user computing. Information Systems Research, 1(2), 115-143. Callahan, E. (2006). Interface design and culture - Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, interscience.wiley.com Castañeda, J. , & Leiva, F. , & Luque, T. (2007). Web Acceptance Model (WAM): moderating effects of user experience . Information & management, Elsevier Chau, P. , & Hu, P. (2001). Information technology acceptance by individual professionals: a model comparison approach. Decision Sciences, 32(4), 699-719. Chen, D. , & Gillenson, L. , & Sherrel, L. (2002). Enticing Online Consumers: An Extended Technology Acceptance Perspective. Information and Management. 39(8), 705-719. Cheung, W. , & Chang, K. , & Lai, S. (2000). Prediction of the Internet and world wide web usage at work: a test of an extended Triandis model. Decision Support Systems, 30, 83-100. Christina, L. (2005). When Norman meets Chinese. Available at http://www.uigarden.net/english/when-norman-meets-chinese, accessed on 2009 Chung, J. , & Tan, B. (2004). Antecedents of perceived playfulness: An exploratory study on user acceptance of general information-searching websites. Information and Management, 41(7), 869-881. Compeau, D. , & Higgins, A. (1995a). Application of social cognitive theory to training for computer skills. Information Systems research, 6(2), 118143. Compeau, D. , & Higgins, A. (1995b). Computer self-efficacy: development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189-211. Compeau, D., Higgins, A. , & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing technology: a longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 145158. Cooke, R. , & French, P. (2008). How well do the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis. Psychology and Health, 23(7), 745-765. 249 Cyr, D. (2004). Localization of Web Design: An Empirical Comparison of German, Japanese, and U.S. Website Characteristics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Cyr, D. , & Bonanni, C. , & Ilsever, J. (2004). Design and E-loyalty Across Cultures In Electronic Commerce. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 60, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Electronic commerce Cyr, D. , & Smith, H. (2004). Localization of Web Design: “A Comparison of German, Japanese, and U.S. Website Characteristics”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(13) 1-10. Cyr, D. , & Ilsever, J. , & Bonanni, C. , & Bowes, J. (2004). Website Design and Culture: An Empirical Investigation. In: Designing for Global Markets 6: Proc Sixth Intl Workshop on Internationalization of Products and Systems (IWIPS 2004) pp. 33-45. Cyr, D. , & Head, M. , & Larios, H. (2010). Colour Appeal in Website Design within and across Cultures: a multi-method evaluation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68. 1-21. Davis, D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. Davis, D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. Int. J, Man-Machine Studies, 38, 475-487. Davis, D., & Bagozzi, P. , & Warshaw, R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison oftwo theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. Davis, D. , & Bagozzi, P., & Warshaw, R. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132. Deci, L., & Ryan, M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum. Deci, L., & Vallerand, J., & Pulletier, G., & Ryan, M. (1991). Motivation and education: the self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3&4), 325-346. Deitel, H., & Deitel, P., & Goldberg, A.( 2004). Internet & World Wide Web –How to Program –. Prentice-Hall 250 DeLone, H., & McLean, R. (1992) Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable, Information Systems Research (3:1), 1992, pp. 60-95. Dempsey, G. & Sussman, R. (1999). A hands-on guide for multilingual Web sites - includes related article on creating legible graphics files from text. Available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4422/is_6_16/ai_55580035/ accessed on 2009 Department of Statistics (DOS)-Jordan. (2009). http://www.dos.gov.jo, accessed on 2009 Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and Its Journalism: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online, New Media & Society Deuze, M. (2001). Online Journalism: Modelling the First Generation of News Media on the World Wide Web, First Monday 6(10), http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_10/deuze/index.html Deyrich, M., & Ess. C. (2007). Cultural Diversity and Participatory Evolution in IS: Global vs. Local Issues. In ACIS (Ed.), 18th Australasian Conference on Information Systems—Conference Proceedings (pp. 1035–1045). Dictionary, F. (2011). Website. Retrieved June 2011, from The Free Dictionary: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Website Dictionary. (1999). localisation. Retrieved JUNE 11, 20011, from http://www.computer-dictionary-online.org/index.asp?q=localisation Dishaw, M. , & Strong, D. (1999). Extending the technology acceptance model with tasktechnology fit constructs. Information & Management, (36), 9-21. Dong, J., & Salvendy, G. (1999). Designing menus for the Chinese population: horizontal or vertical? Behaviour & Information Technology Dotan, A. (2007). Cultural considerations. In Information Technology Ethics: Cultural Perspectives. Globalization, Localization, Internationalization and Translation. Available at http://philip.pristine.net/glit/en/ accessed on 2009 Earley, C. (1994). Self or group? Effects of training on self-efficacy and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 89-117. Eid, G. (2009). The Internet In the Arab World A New Space of Repression? The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information Available at http://anhri.net/en/reports/net2004/all.shtml#7 accessed on 2009 251 Eighmey, J. (1997). Pro"ling user responses to commercial web sites. Journal of Advertising Research. Elnahrawy, E. (2001). Users from Other Cultures than the U.S. Available at http://www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice/culture/ accessed on 2009 Endler, S., & Speer, L., & Johnson, M., & Flett, L. (2001). General self efficacy and control in relation to anxiety and cognitive performance. Current Psychology: Developmental,Learning, Personality, Social, 20, 36–52. Evers, V., & Day, D. (1997). The role of culture in interface acceptance, In Human Computer Interaction: INTERACT'97, Sydney, (Ed, S. Howard, J. H. and. G. L.), Chapman and Hall. Feather, T. (1995). Values, valences, and choice: The influence of values on the perceived attractiveness and choice of alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1135–1151. Fernandes, T. (1994). Global Interface Design. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, portal.acm.org Fichman, G., & Kemerer, F. (1999). The illusory diffusion of innovation: an examination of the assimilation gaps. Information Systems Research, 10(3), 255275. Fink, D., & Laupase, R. (2000). Perceptions of web site design characteristics: a Malaysian/Australian comparison. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, vol 10, nº 41 pp 44-55. Fishbein, M. , & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Fitzgerald, L., & Kiel, G. (2001). Applying a consumer acceptance of technology model to examine adoption of online purchasing. Retrieved on Feb. 2004 from: http://130.195.95.71:8081/WWW/ANZMAC2001lanzmac/ AUTHORS/pdfs/Fitzger ald1.pdf Ford, G. & Kotze, P. (2005). Designing Usable Interfaces with Cultural Dimensions. INTERACT, LNCS Ford, G., & Gelderblom, H. (2003). Effects of Culture on Performance Achieved through the use of Human Computer Interaction. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologies on Enablement through Technology (SAICSIT) Stellenbosch, South Africa, 4-6 October, 218–230. 252 Fox, J. (2001). Two Civilisations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West. pp. 459-472 in Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 38 / No. 4 / 2001. London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage Publications FreeServer. (2011). What Is a Website? Retrieved 2011, from FreeServer: http://www.freeservers.com/WebHosting101/WhatIsAWebsite.html Galdo, D., & Nielsen, J. (1996). International User Interfaces. New York: Wiley Publishing. Gefen, D. (2003). TAM or just habit: a look at experienced online shoppers. Journal of End-user Computing, 15(3), 1-13. Gefen, D., & Karahanna, E., & Straub, W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: an integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 27(1), 51-90. Gist, E. (1987). Self-efficacy: implication for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 12(3),472-485. Gist, E., & Schwoerer, C., & Rosen, B. (1989). Effects of alternative training methods on self-efficacy and performance in computer software training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(6), 884-891. Gould, W. (2003). Globalizing Plain Language: Cultural Constraints On Website Development . From Psu.Eduew - … Within The Words: Business Practice In Plain Language, - Citeseer Gribbons, M. (1997). Designing for the Global Community. In Proceedings of IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (pp. 261-273). Salt Lake City, UT. Guay, F., & Vallerand, J., & Blanchard, C. (2000). On the assessment of situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: the situational motivation scale (SIMS). Motivation and Emotion, 24(3), 175-213. Global Reach. (2008). Retrieved 2008, from Global Reach: http://www.glreach.com/globstats/index.php3 Goldsmith, M., & Greenberg, L., & Chan, M., & Robertson, A. (2003). Global Leadership: The Next Generation. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall. Gould, W., & Zakaria, N., & Yusof, S. (2000). Applying Culture to Website Design: A Comparison of Malaysian and US Websites. portal.acm.org Ha, L. (1998). The theory of reasoned action applied to brand loyalty. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 7(1), 51-61. 253 Hair, E., & Anderson, E., & Tatham, L., & Black, C. , & Babin, J. (2006).Multivariate Data Analysis. USA: Pearson Prentice Hall International Inc. Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. Garden city, NY: Anchor Books/ Doubleday Harb, Z. (2011). Arab Revolutions and the Social Media Effect. from media-culture.org.au - M/C - journal.media-culture.org.au, available at http://journal.media- culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/364 Hardgrave, C., & Davis, D., & Riemenschneider, K. (2003). Investigating determinants of software developers to follow methodologies. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 123-151. Harrison, A., & Mykytyn, P. & Riemenschneider, K. (1997). Executive decisions about adoption of information technology in small business theory and empirical tests. Information Systems Research, 8(2), 171-195. Hsrtel, C., & McColl-Kennedy, R., & McDonald, L. (1998). Incorporating attributional theory and the theory of reasoned action within an affective events theory framework to produce a contingency predictive model of consumer reactions to organizational mishaps. Advances in Consumer Research, 25, 428-432. Hausenblas, A., & Carron, V., & Mack, E. (1997). Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 36-51. He, S. (2001). Interplay of Language and Culture in Global E-commerce: a Comparison of Five Companies’ Multilingual Websites. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Computer Documentation. 21-24 October 2001, Santa Fe, NM, USA. Pages 83-88. Heckman, J. & Schmidt, V. (2000). International in Internet closes US lead. Marketing News, February 7: 7-8. Henda, B. (2003). Cultural assumptions and localization tailoring: The dilemma of numbers bi-directionality in the Arabic script. benhenda.com Heijden, V. (2003). Factors influencing the usage of web sites: the case of a generic portal in the Netherlands. Information & Management, 40, 541-549. Hillier, M. (2002). Multilingual website usability: cultural context. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronic Commerce 2002, Hong Kong, China, October 22–25. 254 Hoffman, D. & Novak, T. & Peralta, M. (1999). Building consumer trust online. Communication of the ACM, 42(4), 80-85. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G. (1991).Cultures and organisations: software of the mind. McGraw-Hill, London. Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. & Vinken, H. (2008) Value Survey Module 2008. http://feweb.uvt.nl/center/hofstede/VSM08.html Hoft, N. (1999). Global Issues, Local Concerns, Technical Communication 46.2: 145-9. - ingentaconnect.com Hsieh H., & Holland, R. & Young, M. (2009) A Theoretical Model for Cross-Cultural Web Design. SpringerLink.com Hsu, M., & Yen, C., & Chiu, C., & Chang, C. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of continued online shopping behavior: an extension of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Hu, J. & Chau, P.Y. (1999). Physician acceptance oftelemedicine technology: an empirical investigation. Topics in Health Information Management, 19(4), 20-35. ICDRI. (1998). Resource Collections or Meta Sites. Retrieved june 2011, from The International Center for Disability Resources on the Internet (ICDRI): http://www.icdri.org/Meta%20sites/meta_sites.htm Igbaria, M., & Guimaraes, T., & Davis, B. (1995). Testing the determinants of microcomputer usage via a structural equation model. Journal of Management Information Systems, 11(4), 87-114. Ignatius, J., & Ramayah, T. (2005). An empirical investigation of the course website acceptance model (CWAM). Int. J. Bus. Soc., 6(2): 69 – 83. Internet-world-stats (2009). World users by language top 10 languages, Retrieved May 2009, from Internet World Stats: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm accessed 2009 Jacko, A. (2003). The human-computer interaction andbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies, and emerging applications. books.google.com 255 Jagne, J., & Smith, S., & Dunker, E., & Curzon, P.(2004). Cross-cultural Interface Design Strategy. Technical Report: IDC-TR-2004-006. Middlesex, UK: Middlesex University. Johnson, D., & Marakas, M. (2000). Research report: the role of behavioral modeling in computer skills acquisition- towards refinement of the model. Information Systems Research, 11(4), 402-417. Karahanna, E., & Straub, W., & Chervany, L. (1999). Information technology adoption across time: a cross-sectional comparison of pre-adoption and post-adoption beliefs. MIS Quarterly 23(2), 183-213. Kayany, J., & Yelsma, P. (2000). Displacement effects of online media in the socio-technicalcontexts of households. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44(2), 215-229 Kersten, G. (2007). EMBEDDING CULTURE IN E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS. interneg.concordia.ca, available at http://interneg.concordia.ca/interneg/research/papers/2001/03.pdf accessed on 2009 Khaslavsky, J. (1998). Integrating Culture Into Interface Design,” Proceedings of the CHI’98 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Association of Computing Machinery, Los Angeles, California, 365- 366, April 1998. Kiski, S & Pohjola, M. (2002). Cross-country diffusion of the internet, Information Economics and Policy, 14, pp. 297-310. Kim, T., & Lee, J., & Law, R. (2008). An empirical examination of the acceptance behaviour of hotel front office systems: An extended technology acceptance model. Tourism Management, Elsevier Kiiski, S. & Pohjola, M. (2002). Cross-Country Diffusion of the Internet. Information Economics and Polic Kondratova, I., & Goldfarb, I. (2006). Cultural Interface Design: Global Colors Study. Lecture notes in computer science, 2006 – Springer Korzaan, L. (2003). Going with the flow: predicting online purchase intentions. Journal of Computer Information Systems,43(4) , 25-31. Kralisch, A., & Eisend, M., & Berendt, B. (2005). The Impact of Culture on Website Navigation Behaviour, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Las Vegas, NE, USA. Kwon, H., & Chidambaram, L. (2000). A test of the technology acceptance model, the case of cellular telephone adoption. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences - 2000, 1-10. 256 Landis, D., & Triandis, C., & Adamopoulos, J. (1978). Habit and behavioral intentions as predictors of social behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 106,227-237. Lasica, J. (2001). Blogging as a form of journalism. Online Journalism Review (24 May), at http://ojr.usc.edu/content/story.cfm?request=585, accessed 29 May 2001. Lau, S. (2002). Strategies to motivate brokers adopting on-line trading in Hong Kong financial market. Review of Pacific Basin Financial, Markets and Policies, 5(4), 471-489. Legris, P., & Ingham, 1., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 40, 191-204. Leone, L., & Pergugini, M., & Ercolani, P. (1999). A comparison of three models of attitude-behavior relationships in studying behavior domain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 161-189. Limayem, M., & Khalifa, M., & Frini, A. (2000). What makes consumers buy from Internet? A longitudinal study of online shopping. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 30, 421–432. Lin, C., & Lu, H. (2000). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use a web site, International Journal of Information Management- Elsevier Iivari, J. (2005) An Empirical Test of the DeLone-McLean Model of Information System Success, The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, 26, 2, 8-27. Localization, the localization industry standards association (Lisa). Available at http://www.lisa.org/Localization.61.0.html accessed on 2008 Localisation. (1999). Retrieved 2008, from computer-dictionary-online.org: http://www.computer-dictionary-online.org/index.asp?q=localisation Loch, K., & Straub, D., & Kamel, S. (2003). Diffusing the Internet in the Arab world: the role of social norms and technological culturation. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on (50:1) 2003, pp 45-63. Locke, A., & Frederick, E., & Bobko, P. (1984). Effect of self-efficacy, goals, and task strategies on task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(2), 241-251. Loiacono,T. & Lin, H. (2003). Website quality: A crosscultural comparison of united states and china business customers, Proceedings of the Ninth Americas Conference on Information Systems, 2003, pp. 1156-1160. 257 Loiacono, T., & Watson, T. & Goodhue, L. (2002). WEBQUAL: A Measure of Website Quality, in Marketing Theory and Applications, Vol 13, K. K. Evans and L. K. Scheer (eds.), American Marketing Association, Chicago, pp. 432-439. Ma, Q., & Liu, L. (2004). The technology acceptance model: a meta-analysis of empirical findings. Journal of End User Computing, 16(1), 59-72. Maceviciute, E. (2004). Multilingual Virtual World: Languages on the Internet. available at http://www.razonypalabra.org.mx/anteriores/n42/emacevi.html accessed on 2009 Mahdizadeh, H., & Biemans, H. & Mulder, M. (2008). Determining factors of the use of e-learning environments by university teachers. Computers & Education, 51(1), 142-154. Makoul, G., & Roloff, E. (1998). The role of efficacy and outcome expectations in the decision to withhold relational complaints. Communication Research, 25(1), 5-29. Marcus, A. (2002). Culture Class or Culture Clash, Interactions, Vol. 9, No. 3: 25-28. dl.acm.org Marcus, A. (2002). User-interface design, culture and the future. In: De Marsico, M.,Levialdi, S., Panizzi E., Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces AVI 2002, ACM Press, New York, pp. 15-27. Marcus, A., & Gould, W. (2000). cultural dimensions and global Web user-interface design”, portal.acm.org Maroto, J. (2003). Return on Investment in Multilingual Websites from a Marketing Perspective. Available at http://www.lisa.org/globalizationinsider/2003/04/return_on_inves.html accessed 2009 Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting user intention: comparing the technology acceptance model with theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173191. Maynard, M., & Tian, Y. (2004). Between global and glocal: Content analysis of the Chinese Web Sites of the 100 top global brands”. Public Relations Review, Elsevier McDill, K. (2001). Eserver TC Library. Retrieved june 2009, from Eserver: http://tc.eserver.org/11898.html McIver, P., & Carmines, G. (1981). Unidimensional scaling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 258 Minai, M. (2001). An examination of the potential for enhancing Malaysian small-medium size business activity in export markets withen the furniture and halal food sub-sectors. Phd thesis, De Montfort University, United Kingdom. Mirchandani, A., & Motwani, J. (2001). Understanding small business electronic commerce adoption: an empirical analysis. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 41 (3), 70-73. Moore, G., & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 192-222. Morrell, W., & Mayhorn, B., & Bennett, J. (2002). Older Adults Online in the Internet century. In R. W. Morrell (Ed.), Older Adults, Health Information, and the World Wide Web (pp. 43-57). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Morris, G., & Venkatesh, V. (2000). Age differences in technology adoption decisions: implications for a changing work force. Personnel Psychology, 53, 375403. Nadeau, J, & Lointier, C., & Morin, R., & André, D. (1998).Information Highways and the Francophone World: Current Situation and Strategies for the Future. Paper presented at the INET98 Conference, http://www.isoc.org/inet98/proceedings/5f/5f_3.htm. Accessed 2009 Nantela, J., & Glaser, E. (2008). The impact of language and culture on perceived website usability. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 25, No. 2 pp. 112– 122 Ninelysse. (2007). The English Language Survives and Lives on Today“Available at http://www.socyberty.com/Languages/The-English-Language-Survives-and-Lives-on-Today. Accessed on June 2009 Nor, M., & Pearson, M. (2010). ADOPTION OF INTERNET BANKING: THEORY OF THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION. International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS),.uum.edu.my Notani, S. (1998). Moderators of perceived behavioral control's predictiveness in the theory of planned behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(3), 247-271. Nunnaly, C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Book Company. Odlyzko, A. (2001).Content is not king. First Monday, volume 6, number 2, at http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_2/odlyzko/, accessed 12 February 2001. 259 Onibere, A., & Morgan, S., & Busang, M., & Mpoeleng, D. (2001). Human–computer interface designnext term issues for a multi-cultural and multi-lingual English speaking country — Botswana”, Elsevier Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual, pp. 151–167. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. Panagopoulos, N. (2010). Sales Technology Making the Most of Your Investment. Business Expert Press, LLC Parr, B., & McManus, M. (2007). Web-Site Globalization: The Next Imperative for the Internet 2.0 Era.. Internet. Available from http://www.etranslate.com/en/downloads/IDC_Globalization_report.pdf; Accessed on, 2009 Pavlou, A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101-134. Pavlou, A. & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and Predicting Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. MIS Quarterly, forthcoming. Pearson, M., & Crosby, L., & Bahmanziari, T., & Conrad, E. (2003). An empirical investigation into the relationship between orhanozational culture and computer efficacy as moderated by age and gender. Journal of Computer, Information Systems, 43(2), 58-70. Perrault, H. & Gregory, L. (2000). Think Global, Act Local: The Challenges of Taking the Website Global. Philip.pristine.net. (2008). Globalization, Localization, Internationalization and Translation. Retrieved may 1, 2011, from philip.pristine.net: http://philip.pristine.net/glit/en/ Plouffe, C., & Hulland, J., & Vandenbosch, M. (2001). Research report: richness versus parsimony in modeling technology adoption decisions-understanding merchant adoption of a smart card-based payment system. Information Systems Research, 12(2), 208-222. Rahman, A. (2003). The Internet In the Arab World. Retrieved june 11, 2010, from The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information: http://www.anhri.net/en/reports/net2004/saudi.shtml Raaij, M., & Schepers, L. (2008). The acceptance and use of a virtual learning environment in China. Journal of Computers and Education, 50(3), 838-852. Rau, P., & Liang, S. (2003). Internationalization and localization: evaluating and testing a website for Asian users. Ergonomics 260 Richer, S. & Vallerand, J. (1995). Supervisors' Interactional styles and subordinates' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(6), 707722. Riemenschneider, K., & McKinney, R. (1999). Assessing the adoption of web-based e-commerce for businesses. Electronic Markets, 9(1/2),9-13. Riemenschneider, K., Hardgrave, C., & Davis, D. (2002). Explaining software developer acceptance of the methodologies: a comparison of five theoretical models. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 28(12), 1135-1145. Roca, C., & Chiu, M, & Martínez J, (2006). Understanding e-learning continuance intention: An extension of the Technology Acceptance Model, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies– Elsevier Rogers, M. (1983). The Diffusion of Innovation, New Yourk: Free Press, 4th edition. Rosa, D. (2011). Definition Web Site. Retrieved 2011, From Searchsoa: Http://Searchsoa.Techtarget.Com/Definition/Web-Site Rushkoff, D. (2000). Ten reasons to be happy after the dot.com crash. syndicated column, at http://www.rushkoff.com/TenReasons.html, accessed 15 June 2001. Salmi, A., & Sharafutdinova, E. (2008). Culture and design in emerging markets: the case of mobile phones in Russia”, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, emeraldinsight.com Sandrini, P. (2007). Website Localization and Translation. Proceedings of the Marie Curie Euroconferences MuTra ‘Challenges of Multidimensional Translation’ - Saarbrücken 2-6 May 2005. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business, a skill Building Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Selim, M. (2003). An Empirical Investigation of Student Acceptance of Course Websites, Computers & Education, (40)4, pp. 343-360. Shen, T., & Woolley, M., & Prior, S. (2006). Towards culture-centred design, science direct. Interacting with Computers, Elsevier Sheppard, C., & Scholtz, J. (1999). The Effects of Cultural Markers on Website use. Available at http://zing.ncsl.nist.gov/hfweb/proceedings/sheppard/ accessed on 2009 Sheppard, H., & Hartwick, J. & Warshaw, R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: a meta analysis of ast research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer research, 15,325-343. 261 Sheridan, F. (2001), Cross-cultural Web Site Design Considerations for developing and strategies for validating locale appropriate on-line content, MultiLingual Computing & Technology. Available at http://www.multilingual.com/articleDetail.php?id=595 accessed on 2009 Shih, H. (2004). extended technology acceptance model of internet utilization behavior. Information & Management, Elsevier Simon, J. (2001). The impact of culture and gender on web sites: An empirical study. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 32 (1), 18-37. Singh, N., & Kumar, V. & Baack, D. (2005). Adaptation of Cultural Content: Evidence from B2C E-Commerce Firms, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39, No. 1/2: 71-86, 2005. Singh, N., & Fassott, G., & Chao, H., & Hoffmann, A. (2006). Understanding international Web site usage: A cross-national study of German, Brazilian, and Taiwanese online consumers. - International Marketing Review Singh, N. (2003). Analyzing The Web As A Cultural Document: An Exploratory Study On Cultural Values As Depicted On Country-Specific Web Sites - Ph.D. dissertation, portal.acm Singh, N. & Pereira, A. (2005). The Culturally Customized Web Site, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, MA Smith, J., & Koubek, J., & Salvendy, G., & Harris, D.(2001). Usability evaluation and interface design: cognitive engineering, intelligent agents and virtual reality,1 (Human factors and ergonomics series), CRC press, 2001. Smith, A., & French, T., & Chang, Y. & McNeill, M. (2001). eCulture: A comparative study of eFinance web site usability for Chinese and British users. Designing for global markets. Conference (6th. 2001). Proceedings of the third international workshop on internationalisation of products and systems. Edited by D. Day & L. Duckley. Buckinghamshire: The Open University. p.87-100. Song, Y. (2007). Internet News Media and Issue Development: A Case Study on the Roles of Independent Online News Services as Agenda-Builders for Anti-US Protests in South Korea, in: New Media and Society, 9 (1), pp. 71-92 Sparks, P., & Shepherd, R., & Frewer, J. (1995). Assessing and structuring attitudes toward the use of gene technology in food production: the role of perceived ethical obligation. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16(3), 267-285. Speier, C. & Venkatesh, V. (2002). The hidden minefields in the adoption of sales force automation technologies. Journal of Marketing, 65, 98-111. Spiegel, M. (2005): Practicing History. New directions in historical writing after the linguistic turn. New York/London: Routledge 262 Stajkovic, D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: going beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches. Organizational Dynamics, 26(4), 62-74 . Stamey, J., & Speights, W. (1999). Website Localization. portal.acm.org Stengers, H., & Troyer, O., & Baetens, M., & Mushtaha, A., & Baetens, M., & Boers, F., & Mushtaha, A. (2004). Localization of web sites: Is there still a need for it?” International Workshop on Web Engineering (held in conjunction with the ACM HyperText 2004 Conference), Santa Cruz, CA. Straub, D., & Keil, M. & Brenner, W. (1997). Testing the Technology Acceptance Model Across Cultures: A Three Country Study, Information & Management 33 (1), 1-11. Straub, W., & Loch, D., & Hill, E. (2001).Transfer of Information Technology to Developing Countries: A Test of Cultural Influence Modeling in the Arab World. Journal of Global Information Management (9). Sun, H. (2001). Building a culturally-competent corporate web site: An explanatory study of cultural markers in multilingual web design. portal.acm.org Sun, H. (2001). Building A Culturally-Competent Corporate Web Site: An Exploratory Study of Cultural Markers In Multilingual Web Design, portal.acm.org Sun, H. (2004). Expanding the Scope of Localization: A Cultural Usability Perspective on Mobile Text Messaging Use in American and Chinese Contexts, science direct. localisation.ie Susskind, M. (2000). Efficacy and outcome expectations related to customer complaints about service experiences. Communication Research, 27(3), 353-378. Syarief, A., & Giard, R., & Detrie, T., & McBeath, K. (2003) An Initial Cross-Cultural Survey of User Perception on Web Icon Design for Travel Websites. The 6th Asian Design International Conference, October 14-17, 2003, Ibaraki, Japan Szajna, B. (1996). Empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model" Management Science, 42(1), 85-92. Tabachnick, G., & Fidell, S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Tan, M., & Teo, S. (2000). Factors influencing the adoption of Internet Banking. Journal of the Association of Information Systems, 1, 1-42 263 Taylor, S., & Todd, A. (1995a). Assessing IT usage: the role of prior experience. MIS Quarterly, 19(3), 561-570. Taylor, S., & Todd, A. (l995b). Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: a study of consumer adoption intentions. Intern. J. of Business in Marketing, 12, 137-155. Taylor, S. & Todd, A. (1995c).Understanding information technology usage: a test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176. Teo, H., & Chan, H., & Wei, K., & Zhang, Z. (2003). Evaluating information accessibility and community adaptivity features for sustaining virtual learning communities. Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, 59,671-697. Thompson, L., & Higgins, A., & Howell, M. (1991). Personal computing toward a conceptual model of utilization. MIS Quarterly, 15(1), 167-187. Thompson, L., & Higgins, A., & Howell, M. (1994). Influence of experience on personal computer utilization: testing a conceptual model. Journal of Management Information Systems, 11 (1), 167-187. Triandis, C.(1980). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior, In H.E. Howe (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979: Beliefs, Attitudes and Values. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980, pp. 195-259. Triandis, H. (1977). International Behavior. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Puplishing Company, Inc. Trompenaars, F. & Hampden, T. (1998). Riding the Waves of Culture. McGraw-Hill, New York Troyer, D., & Casteleyn, S. (2004). Designing localized web sites- Lecture notes in computer science, Springer Vallerand, J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: a view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4),312-318. Vallerand, J., & Bissonnette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: a perspective study. Journal of Personality, 660(3), 599620. Vatrapu, R, & Pérez-Quiñones, M., (2006). Culture and usability evaluation: The effects of culture in structured interviews. Journal of Usability Studies (1:4), 2006, pp. 156-170. Veiga, F., & Floyd, S., & Dechant, K. (2001). Towards modeling the effects of national culture on IT implementation and acceptance. Journal of Information Technology, 16, 145-158. 264 Venkatesh, V. (1999). Creation of favorable user perceptions: exploring the role of intrinsic motivation. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 239-260. Venkatesh, V. & Davis, D. (1996). A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: development and test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451-481. Venkatesh, V. & Davis, D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186204. Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease-of-use: integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information Systems Research, 11 (4), 342-365. Venkatesh, V., & Morris, G., & Davis, B., & Davis, D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly (27:3), September 2003, pp. 425-578. Verisign. (2009). Retrieved MAY 10, 2009, from verisign.com: http://www.verisign.com/verisign-inc/news-and-events/news-archive/us-news-2005/page_029135.html accessed 2008 Waldegg, P., & Scrivener, S., (1998). Meaning, the central issue in cross-cultural HCI design. Interacting with computers, available at http://wise.vub.ac.be/Members/mushtaha/PhD/phd-activity/science22.pdf accessed 2009 Wang, Y., & Chih, H. & Jhong, Y. (2009). Let’s blog! A social cognitive perspective ofintention to use blog. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electronic Commerce in Taipei, Taiwan, 2009, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 358-61. Warkentin, M., & Gefen, D., & Pavlou, A., & Rose, M. (2002). Encouraging citizen adoption of e-govemment by building trust. Electronic Markets, 12(3), 157-162. Web Server Survey. (2009). Retrieved 2009, from Netcraft: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html Wheeler, D. (2006). Empowering Publics: Information Technology and Democratization in the Arab World — Lessons from Internet cafés and Beyond. Oxford Internet Institute Wu, M., & Chou, H., & Weng, Y. (2008). A Study of Web 2.0 Website Usage Behavior Using TAM 2. Asia-Pacific Services, ieeexplore.ieee.org 265 Yang, Z., & Cai, S., & Zhou, Z., & Zhou, N. (2005). Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of information presenting web portals. Information & Management, Vol. 42, pp. 575-89. Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing a scale to measure perceived quality of an internet shopping site (SITEQUAL). Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce (2:1), pp 31-46. Yousafzai, Y., & Foxall, R. & Pallister, G. ( 2010). Explaining internet banking behavior: TRA, TPB, or TAM?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Yunker, J. (2002). Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies. New Riders Press. Zahedi, F., & Van, W., & Song, J. (2001). A conceptual framework for international Web design. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 44(2), 83-103. Zeithaml, A., Parasuraman, A., & Malhotra, A. (2002). Service quality delivery through web sites: a critical review of extant knowledge, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 362-75. Zhang, S., & Zhao, J. & Tan, W. (2008). Extending TAM for online learning systems: an intrinsic motivation perspective. Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol. 13 No. 3,pp. 312-317. Zint, M. (2002). Comparing three attitude-behavior theories for predicting science teachers' intentions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(9), 819-844. |