The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan

The last decade has seen the emergence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a technique to underpin organizational performance improvement in improving customer retention, customer satisfaction, and customer value. However, evidence suggests that many CRM initiatives fail to achieve desired...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/1/s91755.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/8/s91755.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.3485
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Mohd Noor, Nor Azila
topic HD28-70 Management
Industrial Management
spellingShingle HD28-70 Management
Industrial Management
Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud
The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
description The last decade has seen the emergence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a technique to underpin organizational performance improvement in improving customer retention, customer satisfaction, and customer value. However, evidence suggests that many CRM initiatives fail to achieve desired results. Furthermore, empirical research is still scarce.In recent years, CRM has been the favored theme for numerous studies and reports. It has also been considered as a way of capturing comparative advantages in the face of the growing competition. However, despite many studies conducted on CRM in various industries in the past 20 years, there is still significant disagreement about its definition and meaning, and the framework for the effective implementation and evaluation of CRM practice. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the success factors of the CRM performance, and its impact on organizational performance. To address these issues, this study examines the degree of CRM performance of hoteliers as well as the relationship between CRM performance and organizational performance. Furthermore, this research also investigated the influence of organizational and technological factors on CRM performance. In this quantitative study, a total of 98 Jordanian hotels participated by voluntarily completing the survey questionnaire, constituting an overall 49% response rate. From the analysis undertaken, it was found that the CRM performance of the respondents were at moderate degree. The research results indicated that CRM performance has a positive influence on organizational performance. Four major factors were found to have significant influence on CRM performance namely top management, customer data, customer information processing, and CRM functionality. On the other hand, factors such as customer orientation, training orientation, and data integration were not significantly related to CRM performance. Theoretical implications and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud
author_facet Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud
author_sort Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud
title The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
title_short The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
title_full The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
title_fullStr The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
title_full_unstemmed The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan
title_sort antecedents of customer relationship management and impact on hotels performance in jordan
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2012
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/1/s91755.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/8/s91755.pdf
_version_ 1747827583488098304
spelling my-uum-etd.34852022-04-10T06:21:27Z The Antecedents of Customer Relationship Management and Impact on Hotels Performance in Jordan 2012 Alshourah, Sultan Mahmoud Mohd Noor, Nor Azila Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HD28-70 Management. Industrial Management The last decade has seen the emergence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a technique to underpin organizational performance improvement in improving customer retention, customer satisfaction, and customer value. However, evidence suggests that many CRM initiatives fail to achieve desired results. Furthermore, empirical research is still scarce.In recent years, CRM has been the favored theme for numerous studies and reports. It has also been considered as a way of capturing comparative advantages in the face of the growing competition. However, despite many studies conducted on CRM in various industries in the past 20 years, there is still significant disagreement about its definition and meaning, and the framework for the effective implementation and evaluation of CRM practice. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the success factors of the CRM performance, and its impact on organizational performance. To address these issues, this study examines the degree of CRM performance of hoteliers as well as the relationship between CRM performance and organizational performance. Furthermore, this research also investigated the influence of organizational and technological factors on CRM performance. In this quantitative study, a total of 98 Jordanian hotels participated by voluntarily completing the survey questionnaire, constituting an overall 49% response rate. From the analysis undertaken, it was found that the CRM performance of the respondents were at moderate degree. The research results indicated that CRM performance has a positive influence on organizational performance. Four major factors were found to have significant influence on CRM performance namely top management, customer data, customer information processing, and CRM functionality. On the other hand, factors such as customer orientation, training orientation, and data integration were not significantly related to CRM performance. Theoretical implications and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. 2012 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/1/s91755.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/3485/8/s91755.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abbott, J., Stone, M., & Buttle, F. (2001a). Customer Relationship Management in Practice a Qualitative Study. The Journal of Database Marketing, 9(1), 24-34. Abbott, J., Stone, M., & Buttle, F. (2001b). Integrating Customer Data Into Customer Relationship Management Strategy: An Empirical Study. The Journal of Database Marketing, 8(4),289-300. Abc, Bank Of Jordan. (2010). Report Publish. Jordan. Amman. Retrieved May 21, 2011, from www.arabbanking.com//annual%20reports/abc%20 annual%20report%202010.pdf. Ackfeldt, A. L., & Coole, L. V. (2003). A Study of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Retail Setting. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 151-159. Abdellatif, A. (2011). A Cluster Technique to Evaluate Effect of E-CRM on Customers' Satisfaction of E-Commerce Websites.Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 162-180. Abdullateef, A., O.Mohd Muktar, E. S., & Zien, R. (2011). Exploratory Study of CRM Measurements in Malaysia Customer Contact Centers.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 20(2), 172-187. Adam, A. S., Stalcup, L. D., & Lee, A. (2010). Customer Relationship Management for Hotels in Hong Kong. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(2), 139-159. Akroush, M. N., Dahiyat, S. E., Gharaibeh, H. S., & Abu-Lail, B. N. (2011). Customer Relationship Management Implementation: An Investigation of a Scale's Generalizability and its Relationship with Business Performance in a Developing Country Context. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(2), 158-190. Al-Momani, K., & Noor, N. A. M. (2009). E-Service Quality, Ease of Use, Usability and Enjoyment as Antecedents of E-CRM Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Jordan Mobile Phone Services. The Asian Journal of Technology Management Vol, 2(2), 50-63. Aldehayyat, J. S. (2011). Organisational Characteristics and the Practice of Strategic Planning in Jordanian Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 192- 199. Almotairi, M. (2008). CRM Success Factors Taxonomy. Paper Presented at theEuropean and Mediterranean Conference on Information System,Al Bustan Rotana Hotel, Dubai, 25-26May 2008. Alrawadieh, Z. (2009). The Jordanian National Tourism System. Published Phd Thesis, Naples University of Federico Ii, Tourism Management. Alshawi, S., Missi, F., & Irani, Z. (2011). Organisational, Technical and Data Quality Factors in CRM Adoption SMEs Perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(3), 376-383 Alt, R., & Puschmann, T. (2004). Successful Practices in Customer Relationship Management. Paper Presented at The Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1-9. Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Mazvanchery, S. K. (2004). Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 172-185. Ang, L.,& Buttle, F. (2002). Roi on CRM: A CustomerJourney Approach. Retrieved June 12, 2010, from http://www.google.com.my/#hl=en& cp=39&gs_id=3&xhr=t&q=roi+on+crm%3a+a+customer- journey+approach&pf=p&sclient=psyab&site=&source=hp&pbx=1&oq=roi+on+crm:+a+customerjourney +approach&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=cf. osb&fp=17c2dbedfd5fa 92&biw=1280bih=633. Anvari, R. Mohmad Amin, S. B. (2010). The Customer Relationship Management Strategies: Personal Needs Assessment of Training and Customer Turnover. European Journal Of Social Sciences. 14(2), 111-122. Asikhia, O. (2010). Customer Orientation and Firm Performance Among Nigerian Small and Medium Scale Businesses. International Journal af Marketing Studies, 2(1), P197. Attharangsun, N. Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2009). The Antecedents and Consequenses 0f CRM Effectiveness in Heath Service Industry ofThailand. International Academy of Business and Economics, 8(4), 1546-2609 Avlonitis, G. J., & Panagopoulos, N. G. (2005). Antecedents and Consequences of CRM Technology Acceptance in the Sales Force. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(4), 355-368. Aykut, A. (2008). Boosting Total Relationship Marketing. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 25(1), 139-156. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99. Becker, J. U., Greve, G., & Albers, S. (2009). The Impact of Technological and Organizational Implementation of CRM on Customer Acquisition, Maintenance, and Retention. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(3), 207- 215. Becker, J. U., Greve, G., & Albers, S. (2010). Left Behind Expectations How to Prevent CRM Implementations from Failing. Gfk-Marketing Intelligence Review, 2(2), 34-41. Berling, R. P., & Parker, B. (2010). Customer Relationship Management Tools. New York, NY: Free Press. Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A Resource-Based Perspective on Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation. Mis Quarterly, 169-196. Bhatti, T. (2005). Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Empirical Validation. Paper Presented at the Second International Conference on Innovation in Information Technology (lit’ 05), 1-10. Blery, E., & Michalakopoulos, M. (2006). Customer Relationship Management: A Case Study of a Greek Bank. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 11(2), 116-124. Bohling, T., Bowman, D., Lavalle, S., Mittal, V., Narayandas, D., Ramani, G. (2006). CRM Implementation. Journal of Service Research, 9(2), 184. Bose, R. (2002). Customer Relationship Management: Key Components for it Success. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 102(2), 89-97. Bose, U., & Chong, P.(2002). A Policy for Managing Data Quality to Improve Customer Relationship Management. Available at: http://iacis.org/iis/2003/bosechong.pdf. Boulding, W., Staelin, R., Ehret, M., & Johnston, W. J. (2005). A Customer Relationship Management Roadmap: What is Known, Potential Pitfalls, and Where to Go. Journal of Marketing, 155-166. Bowen, D. E., Lawler, E., Henry, J., & Mayle, D. (2004). The Empowerment of Service Workers: What, Why, How and When. Managing Innovation and Change, 243–257. Bradshaw, D., & Brash, C. (2001). Managing Customer Relationships in the E-Business World: How to Personalise Computer Relationships for Increased Profitability. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29(12), 520-530. Brown, S., & Gulycz, M. (2006). Performance Driven CRM: How to Make Your Customer Relationship Management Vision a Reality. Wiley Canada: Tri Graphic Printing Ltd. Bull, C. (2003). Strategic Issues in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Implementation. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 592-602. Butler, S. (2000).Customer Relationships Changing the Game: CRM in the E-World. Journal of Business Strategy, 21(2), 13-14. Buttle, F. (2004).Customer Relationship Management Concepts and Tools. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Cai, S. (2009). The Importance of Customer Focus for Organizational Performance: A Study of Chinese Companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 26(4), 369-379. Campbell, A. J. (2003). Creating Customer Knowledge Competence: Managing Customer Relationship Management Programs Strategically. Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5), 375-383. Capacity, O. A. (2004). An Empirical Study of the Relationship of it Intensity and Organizational Absorptive Capacity on CRM Performance. Journal of Global Information Management, 12(1), 1-17. Chalmeta, R. (2006). Methodology for Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Systems and Software, 79(7), 1015-1024. Chang, J. O. (2005). Towerd a Unified View of CRM. Journal of American Academy of Business, 6(1), 32-38. Chang, H. H. (2007). Critical Factors and Benefits in the Implementation of Customer Relationship Management. Total Quality Management, 18(5), 483-508. Chang, H. H., & Ku, P. W. (2009). Implementation of Relationship Quality for CRM Performance: Acquisition of BPR and Organisational Learning. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 20(3), 327-348. Chang, T. M., Liao, L. L., & Wen-Feng Hsiao, W. F. (2005). An Empirical Study on the E-CRM Performance Influence Model for Service Sectors in Taiwan.Journal of Global Information Management, 12(2), 1-15. Chang, W., Park, J. E., & Chaiy, S. (2009). How Does CRM Technology Transform into Organizational Performance? A Mediating Role of Marketing Capability. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 849-855. Chen, Q. C., H. M. (2004). Exploring the Success Factors of E-CRM Strategies in Practice. Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 11(4), 67-88. Chia, P. K. (2008). Factors Influencing CRM Technological Initiatives Among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Singapore. Published Master Thesis, Canda Unvirsity,1-119. Cho, Y., & Chun,I. (2002). An Analysis of Online Customer Complaint: Implication for Web Complaint Management.Paper Presented at The35th International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical Power Analysis (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Choi, T. Y., & Chu, R. (2001). Determinants of Hotel Guests' Satisfaction and Repeat Patronage in the Hong Kong Hotel Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 20(3), 277-297. Coltman, T. R. (2006). Where are the Benefits in CRM Technology Investment?. Paper Presented at TheHawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, 3-6. Coltman, T. R. (2007a). Why Build a Customer Relationship Management Capability?. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(3), 301−320. Coltman, T.R. (2007b).Can Superior CRM Capabilities Improve Performance in Banking?. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 12(2), 102-114. Constantinos, A., Johnson, M.D., & Roos, I. (2005). The Effects of Customer Satisfaction, Relationship Commitment Dimension, and Triggers on Customer Retention. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 210–218. Croteau, A. M., & Li, P. (2003). Critical Success Factors of CRM Technological Initiatives. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De L'administration, 20(1), 21-34. Curry, A., & Kkolou, E. (2004).Evaluating CRM to Contribute to TQM Improvement–a Cross-Case Comparison. The TQM Magazine, 16(5), 314-324. Das, K. (2009).Relationship Marketing Research (1994-2006): An Academic Literature Review and Classification. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 27(3), 326-363. Dawes, J. (1999). The Relationship Between Subjective and Objective Company Performance Measures in Market Orientation Research: Further Empirical Evidence. Marketing Bulletin-Department of Marketing Massey University, 10, 65-75. Delone, W. H., & Mclean, E. R. (2003).The Delone and Mclean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. Desai, D., Sahu, S., & Sinha, P. K. (2007). Role of Dynamic Capability and Information Technology in Customer Relationship Management: A Study of Indian Companies. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(4), 45. Dong, S., & Zhu, K. (2008). The Business Value of CRM Systems: A Resource-Based Perspective. Paper Presented at the Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1-10. Doyle, P., & Wong, V. (1998). Marketing and Competitive Performance: An Empirical Study. European Journal of Marketing, 32(5/6), 514-535. Drohan, M., Foley, A., & Lynch, P. (2006). Towards a Resource-Based View of the Firm Perspective on Enhancing Customer Relationships in the Hotel Industry. Un-Published Phd Thesis, England, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology. School of Business. Available at http://Epubl.1tu.Se/1653-0187/2006/Index.Html. Drohan, M., Foley, A., & Lynch, P. (2010).Utilizing the Resource-Based View (RBV) to Enhance CRM Practices in Irish Hotels. Retrieved October 02, 2010, from http://repository.wit.ie/1343/1/utilising_the_ resource-Based_View_ RBV)to_Enhance_CRM_ Practices _in_Irish_Hotels_Rikon _Group.Pdf. Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-Worker Productivity: The Biggest Challenge. California Management Review, 41(2), 97-95. Dubrovski, D. (2001). The Role of Customer Satisfaction in Achieving Business Excellence. TQM World Congress, 325-331. Elmuti, D., Jia, H., & Gray, D. (2009). Customer Relationship Management Strategic Application and Organizational Effectiveness: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 17(1), 75-96. Eid, R. (2007). Towards A Successful CRM Implementation in Banks: An Integrated Model. The Service Industries Journal, 28(8), 1021– 1039. Even, A., Shankaranarayanan, G., & Berger, P. D. (2010). Inequality in the Utility of Customer Data: Implications for Data Management and Usage. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 17(1), 19-35. Fischer, J. K., & Khemani, T. (2009). Jordan Tourism Cluster. Retrieved June 10, 2010, From Http://Www.Isc.Hbs.Edu/Pdf/Student_Projects/ Jordan_Tourism_ 2009.Pdf. Fjermestad, J., & Romano Jr, N. C. (2003a). Electronic Customer Relationship Management: Revisiting the General Principles of Usability and Resistance–an Integrative Implementation Framework. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 572-591. Fjermestad, J., & Romano Jr, N. C. (2003b). An Integrative Implementation Framework for Electronic Customer Relationship Management: Revisiting the General Principles of Usability and Resistance.Paper presented at the proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Foss, B., Henderson, I., Johnson, P., Murray, D., & Stone, M. (2002). Managing the Quality and Completeness of Customer Data. Journal of Database Marketing, 10(2), 139-158 Franklin, H. D., & Kimberley, J. (1995). Opinions of Training Methods Used in the Hospitality Industry: A Call for Review. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 14(1), 79-96. Galbreath, J., & Rogers, T. (1999). Customer Relationship Leadership: A Leadership and Motivation Model for the Twenty-First Century Business. The TQM Magazine, 11(3), 161-171. Garland, R. (1991). The Mid-Point on Rating Scale: Is it Desirable? Marketing Bulletin, 2, 66-70. Gartner Group (2003). Why CRM Fails, Gartner Group.Research Note Com-13-7607. Gebert, H., Geib, M., Kolbe, L., & Brenner, W. (2003). Knowledge-Enabled Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Customer Relationship Management and Knowledge Management Concepts. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(5), 107-123. George, W. R. (1990). Internal Marketing and Organizational Behavior: A partnership in Developing Customer-Conscious Employees at Every Level. Journal of Business Research, 20(1), 63-70. Goodhue, D. L., Wixom, B. H., & Watson, H. J. (2002). Realizing Business Benefits Through CRM: Hitting the Right Target in the Right Way. MIS Quarterly Executive, 1(2), 79-94. Goodhue, D. L., Wybo, M. D., & Kirsch, L. J. (1992). The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 293-311. Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward Knowledge Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 38(5), 109-122. Greenberg, P. (2004). CRM at the Speed of Light Essential Customer Strategies for the 21st Century. Berkeley, Calif: Mcgraw-Hill/Osborne. Greve, G., & Albers, S. (2006). Determinants of Performance in Customer Relationship ManagementAssessing the Technology Usage-Performance Link. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 6, 111b. Grönroos, C. (1994). From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing. Management Decision, 32(2), 4-20. Grönroos, C. (2004). The Relationship Marketing Process: Communication, Interaction, Dialogue, Value. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 99-113. Gummesson, E. (1997). Relationship Marketing as a Paradigm Shift: Some Conclusions from the 30r Approach. Management Decision, 35(4), 267-272. Gummesson, E. (2002). Relationship Marketing and a New Economy: It’s Time for De-Programming. Journal of Services Marketing, 16(7), 585-589. Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis(5th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Hair, J.F. Jr., Money, A.H., Samouel, P.,& Page, M. (2007). Research Methods of Business. London John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: With Readings: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Hallowell, R. (1996).The Relationships of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Profitability: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(4), 27-42. Hamid, N. R. A. (2006). An Assessment of The Internet’s Potential in Enhancing Consumer Relationships. Un-Published Phd Thesis. School of Information Systems, Faculty of Business and Law, Victoria University of Technology. Retrieved September 7, 2011, from http://epubl.1tu.su/1603-0198/2006/index.html. Han, J. K., Kim, N., & Srivastava, R. K. (1998). Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link?. The Journal of Marketing, 30-45. Harrigan, P., Ramsey, E., & Ibbotson, P. (2009). E-CRM in SMEs: An Exploratory Study in Northern Ireland. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 26(4), 385-404. Hart, C. W. L. (1995). Mass Customization: Conceptual Underpinnings, Opportunities and Limits. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 6(2), 36-45. Hart, M. (2006). Customer Relationship Management: Are Software Applications Aligned With Business Objectives. South African Journal of Business Management, 37(2), 17-32. Hart, S., Hogg, G., & Banerjee, M. (2004). Does the Level of Experience Have an Effect on CRM Programs? Exploratory Research Findings. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(6), 549-560. Haug, A., & Arlbjorn, J. S. (2011). Barriers to Master Data Quality. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(3), 288-303. Holland, C., & Light, B. (1999). A Critical Success Factors Model for ERP Implementation. Software, 16(3), 30-36. Homburg, C., & Pflesser, C. (2000). A Multiple-Layer Model of Market-Oriented Organizational Culture: Measurement Issues and Performance Outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(4), 449-462. Hong, L.N., Wen, T., Yu-Chung, H., & David, C. Y. (2009). Making Customer Relationship Management Work: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Taiwan.The Service Industries Journal,29(9), 1183–1197. Hung, S. Y., Hung, W. H., Tsai, C. A., & Shu-Chen Jiang, S. C. (2011). Critical Factors of Hospital Adoption on CRM System: Organizational and Information System Perspectives. Decision Support Systems, 48, 592–603. Ibrahim, A., & Ahmad, H. (2010). Evaluation the Reality of the Application of Total Quality Management in Hotels "A Field Study on a Sample of Five-Star Hotels in Jordan". Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(2), 1543-1555. Islam, M., & Yang, Y. F. (2009). Service Satisfaction, Information Trust and E-CRM Performance in BSC Model in Empirics of Financial Institutions. Research Yearbook, 490. Jaakkola, M., Fr Sén, J., Santala, M., & Vassinen, A. (2009). Market Orientation and Business Performance: The Mediating Effect of Core Business Processes. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(2), 46-61. Jain, R., & Jain, S. (2006). Towards Relational Exchange In Marketing: Insights Form Hospitality Industry. Journal of Services Marketing, (5),23-34. Jain, D., & Singh, S. S. (2002). Customer Lifetime Value Research in Marketing: A Review and Future Directions. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2), 34-46. Javalgi, R. R. G., Martin, C. L., & Young, R. B. (2006). Marketing Research, Market Orientation and Customer Relationship Management: A Framework and Implications for Service Providers. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(1), 12-23. Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences. The Journal of Marketing, 53-70. Jayachandran, S., Sharma, S., Kaufman, P., & Raman, P. (2005). The Role of Relational Information Processes and Technology Use in Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Marketing, 69, 177-192. John, J. F., Ahearne, M., Leigh, T. W., Mason, C. H., & Moncrief, W. C. (2005).CRM in Sales-Intensive Organizations: A Review and Future Directions. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 25(2), 170-180. Jordanian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. (2010). Computer Center Information Jordan Statistics. Retrieved September 15, 2011, from http://Goliath.Ecnext.Com/Coms2/Gi_0192467188/ Jordan-Ncr-Reveals-Jordan-S.Html. Jutla, D., Craig, J., & Bodorik, P. (2001). Enabling and Measuring Electronic Customer Relationship Management Readiness.Paper presented at the proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Kale, S. H. (2004). CRM Failure and the Seven Deadly Sins. Marketing Management, 13(5), 42-46. Kale, S. H. (2005). Change Management: Antecedents and Consequences in Casino CRM. Unlv Gaming Research & Review Journal, 9(2), 55-67. Kamath, V., Bhonsale, S., & Manjrekar, P. (2008). Customer Relationship Management: A Key Success Factor in Services Marketing a Case Study of Tourism Hotel Services in Navi Mumbai.Paper presented at the proceedings of the Conference on Tourism in India, 15-17. Karakostas, B., Kardaras, D., & Papathanassiou, E. (2005). The State of CRM Adoption by the Financial Services in the Uk: An Empirical Investigation. Information & Management, 42(6), 853-863. Kasim, N. U., & Minai, B.(2009). Linking CRM Strategy, Customer Performance Measures and Performance in the Hotel Industry. Journal of Economice and Management, 3(2), 297-316 Kaynak, H. (2003). The Relationship Between Total Quality Management Practices and their Effects on Firm Performance. Journal of Operations Management, 21(4), 405-435. Kellen, V. (2002). CRM Measurement Frameworks: The Purpose for CRM Measurement. Retrieved September 22, 2010, from http://www.kellen.net/ crmmeas.html. Kelley, L. G.,& Mannicom, R. (2003). How E-CRM Can Enhance Customer Loyalty. Marking Intelligence and Paining. 239-248. Kennedy, A., Kelleher, C., & Quigley, M. (2006). CRM Best Practice: Getting it Right First Time at ESB International (ESBI). Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30, 59-71. Kennedy, K. N., Lassk, F. G., & Goolsby, J. R. (2002). Customer Mind-Set of Employees Throughout the Organization. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(2), 159. Keramati, A., Mehrabi, H., & Mojir, N. (2010). A Process-Oriented Perspective on Customer Relationship Management and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Investigation. Journal ofindustrial Marketing Management, 39(7), 1170-1185. Keramati, A., Mojir, N., & Mehrabi, H. (2009). Prioritizing Investment in CRM Resources to Improve Performance: An Empirical Investigation. Paper Presented at the proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management and Engineering. Kiat, C, P. (2008). Factors Influencing CRM Technological Initiatives Among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Singapore. Unpublished Master Thesis. Retrieved September 17, 2010, from http://edissertations.nottingham. ac.uk/1766/1/08mbalixpkc.Pdf. Kim, B. Y. (2008). Mediated Effects of Customer Orientation on Customer Relationship Management Performance. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(2), 192-218. Kim, H.S., & Kim, Y.G. (2009).A CRM Performance Measurement Framework: Its Development Process and Application. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(4), 477-489. Kim, H. S., Kim, Y. G., & Park, C. W. (2010). Integration of Firm's Resource and Capability to Implement Enterprise CRM: A Case Study of a Retail Bank in Korea. Decision Support Systems, 48(2), 313-322. Kim, J., Suh, E., & Hwang, H. (2003).A Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of CRM Using the Balanced Scorecard. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(2), 5-19. Kim, J. W., Choi, J., Qualls, W., & Park, J. (2004). The Impact of CRM on Firm-and Relationship-Level Performance in Distribution Networks. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 14(2), 632-652. Kincaid, J. W. (2003). Customer Relationship Management: Getting it Right!. Englewood Cilffs: Prentice Hall Ptr. Kohli, A. K., & Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications. The Journal of Marketing, 1-18. Kotorov, R. (2003). Customer Relationship Management: Strategic Lessons and Future Directions. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 566-571. Krasnikov, A., Jayachandran, S., & Kumar, V. (2009). The Impact of Customer Relationship Management Implementation on Cost and Profit Efficiencies: Evidence from the Us Commercial Banking Industry. Journal of Marketing, 73(6), 61-76. Kros, J., & Molis, J. (2004). Keys to CRM Success. How Well are Contract Pharmaceutical Companies Doing in the CRM Game?. Marketing Health Services, 24(4), 32. Ku, E. S. (2010). The Impact of Customer Relationship Management Through Implementation Of Information Systems. Total Quality Management. 21(11), 085–1102. Lacovou, C., Benbasat, I., & Dexter, S. (1995). Electronic Data Interchange and small Organizations: Adoption and Impact of Technology. Mis Quarterly. 19 (4), 465-485. Lawson, A., & Limayem, M. (2004). The Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Loyalty: The Moderating Role of Web Site Characteristics. Total Quality Management, 9(4), 112-123. Leppitsch, B. (2009). Customer Relationship Management Tools to Optimize Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. Published Master Thesis of Applied Science. University College University of Denver. Pp. 1-59. Levitt, T. (1983). After the Sale is Over. Harvard Business Review, 61(1), 87-93. Light, B. (2003). CRM Packaged Software: A Study of Organisational Experiences. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 603-616. Liljander, V., Polsa, P., & Forsberg, K. (2009). Do Mobile CRM Services Appeal to Loyalty Program Customers? Emergent Strategies for E-Business Processes, Services, and Implications: Advancing Corporate.Total Quality Management, 3(5), 113-122. Ling, R., & Yen, D. C. (2001). Customer Relationship Management: An Analysis Framework and Implementation Strategies. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 41(3), 82-97. Little, E., & Marandi, E. (2003). Relationship Marketing Management (1 Ed.). New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill. Liu, H. (2007). Development of a Framework for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Banking Industry. International Journal of Management, 24(1), 15. Love, P. D., Gharavi, H., & Merchant, V. (2008). CRM Technology and Building Material Suppliers. Paper presented at the proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems 2008, Al Bustan Rotana Hotel, Dubai. Luck, D., & Lancaster, G. (2003). E-CRM: Customer Relationship Marketing in the Hotel Industry. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(3), 213-231. Mack, O., Mayo, C., & Khare, A. (2005).A Strategic Approach for Successful CRM: A European Perspective. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 2, 98-106. Maklan, S., & Knox, S. (2009). Dynamic Capabilities: The Missing Link in CRM Investments. European Journal of Marketing, 43(11/12), 1392-1410. Malhotra, N. (1999). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (3rd Ed.). London: Prentice Hall. Malte, G., Lutz, M. K., & Walter, B. (2006). CRM Collaboration in Financial Services Networks: A Multi-Case Analysis. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 19(6), 591-607. Mandal, P., & Gunasekaran, A. (2003).Issues in Implementing Erp: A Case Study. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 274-283. Mcnally, R. C. (2007). An Exploration of Call Centre Agents CRM Software Use, Customer Orientation and Job Performance in the Customer Relationship Maintenance Phase. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 12(2), 169-184. Melville, N., Kraemer, K., &Gurbaxani, V. (2004). Information Technology and Organizational Performance: An Integrative Model of it Business Value. MISQuarterly, 28(2), 283−322. Mendoza, L. E., Marius, A., Pérez, M., & Grim, A. C. (2007). Critical Success Factors for a Customer Relationship Management Strategy. Journal of Information and Software Technology, 49(8), 913-945. Meso, P., & Smith, R. (2000). A Resource Based View of Organizational Knowledge Management Systems. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(3), 224–231. Meyer, M., & Kolbe, L. M. (2005). Integration of Customer Relationship Management: Status Quo and Implications for Research and Practice. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 13(3), 175. Minami, C., & Dawson, J. (2008). The CRM Process in Retail and Service Sector Firms in Japan: Loyalty Development and Financial Return. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(5), 375-385. Minghetti, V. (2003). Building Customer Value in The Hospitality Industry: Towards the Definition of a Customer-Centric Information System. Information Technology Tourism, 6(2), 141-152. Mithas, S., Krishnan, M. S., & Fornell, C. (2005). Why Do Customer Relationship Management Applications Affect Customer Satisfaction?. Journal of Marketing, 69, 155-166. Moorman, C. (1995). Organizational Market Information Processes: Cultural Antecedents and New Product Outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 318-335. Moreno, A., & Padilla-Meléndez, A. (2011). Analyzing the Impact of Knowledge Management on CRM Success: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Factors. International Journal of Information Management. Narayandas, D., & Rangan, V. K. (2004). Building and Sustaining Buyer-Seller Relationships in Mature Industrial Markets. Journal of Marketing, 63-77. Narver, C., & Slater, S. F. (1990). The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability. Journal of Marketing, 54(3), 69–73. Nath, V., Gugnani, R., Goswami, S., & Gupta, N. (2009). An Insight into Customer Relationship Management Practices in Selected Indian Service Industries. Journal of Marketing & Communication, 4(3), 18-40. Ndubisi, N.O., Chan, K.W., & Gibson, C.N. (2007). Supplier-Customer Relationship Management and Customer Loyalty the Banking Industry Perspective. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 20(2). Nelson, S., & Kirkby, J. (2001). Seven Key Reasons Why CRM Fails. Retrievrd June 15, 2009, from http://www.gartner.com/Id=338949 Neslin, S. A., Grewal, D., Leghorn, R., Shankar, V., Teerling, M. L., & Thomas, J. S. (2006). Challenges and Opportunities in Multichannel Customer Management. Journal of Service Research, 9(2), 95. Newell, F. (2000). Loyalty CRM: Customer Relationship Management in the New Era of Internet Marketing. New York, Ny: Mcgraw-Hill. Noone, B. M., Kimes, S. E., & Renaghan, L. M. (2003). Integrating Customer Relationship Management and Revenue Management: A Hotel Perspective. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 2(1), 7-21. Nunally, J. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed.). New York, Ny: Mcgraw-Hill. Nor Azila. M. Noor., & Azli, M. (2005). Individual Factors that Predict Customer-Orientation Behaviour of Malaysian Life Insurance Agents. Jurnal Pengurusan, 125-149. Oake, N., Van Walraven, C., Rodger, M.A., & Forster, A.J. (2009). Effect of an Interactive Voice Response System on Oral Anticoagulant Management. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(9), 927. Ou, C. X., & Banerjee, P. K. (2009). Determinants of Successful Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Information Technology Management, 20(1), 56-66. O¨Zgener, S., & I˙Raz, R. (2006). Customer Relationship Management in Small- Medium Enterprises: The Case of Turkish Tourism Industry. Journal Tourism Management, 27, 1356-1363. Pallant, J. (2007). Spss Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using Spss for Windows(4 Ed). New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill. Park, C. H., & Kim, Y. G. (2003). A Framework of Dynamic CRM: Linking Marketing with Information Strategy. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 652-671. Parvatiyar, A., & Sheth, J. N. (2001).Customer Relationship Management: Emerging Practice, Process, and Discipline. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 3(2), 1-34. Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2004). The Role of Multichannel Integration in Customer Relationship Management. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(6), 527-538. Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2005). A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 167-176. Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2006). Customer Relationship Management: From Strategy to Implementation. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(1), 135-168. Pedron, C. D., & Saccol, A. Z. (2009). What Lies Behind the Concept of Customer Relationship Management? Discussing the Essence of CRM through a Phenomenological Approach. Bar Curitiba, 6(1), 34-49. Pelham, A. M., & Wilson, D. T. (1995). A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Market Structure, Firm Structure, Strategy, and Market Orientation Culture on Dimensions of Small-Firm Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(1), 27. Peltier, J. D. (2005).Organizational and Strategy Formation Factors Relating to Customer Information Management Practices. Paper presented at the proceedings of the DMEF 2005 Educators’ Conference. Peikin, D. (2003). Data Quality: The Foundation for Effective CRM. Target, 26(2), 49. Persson, P. (2004). Customer Relationship Management: How a CRM System Can be Used in the Sales Process. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department Of Business Administration And Social Science. Stockholm, Lulea University of Technology. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1617/2004/124.Pdf. Peter, T.,& Verhoef, Y. (2003) Understanding the Effect of Customer Relationship Management Efforts on Customer Retention and Customer Share Development. Journal of Marketing, 67(7), 30–45. Piercy, N. F. (1995).Customer Satisfaction and the Internal Market: Marketing our Customers to our Employees. Journal of Marketing Practice Applied Marketing Science, 1(1), 22-44. Plakoyiannaki, E., & Tzokas, N. (2002). Customer Relationship Management: A Capabilities Portfolio Perspective. The Journal of Database Marketing, 9(3), 228-237 Plakoyiannaki, E., Tzokas, N., Dimitratos, P., & Saren, M. (2008). How Critical is Employee Orientation for Customer Relationship Management? Insights from A Case Study. Journal of Management Studies, 45(2), 268. Pries, C., & Stone, M. (2004). Managing CRM Implementation With Consultantscrm or Change Management?. Journal of Change Management, 4(4), 351-370. Radcliff, J., Collins, K., & Kirkby, J. (2001). Customer Information is the Lifeblood of CRM. Retrievrd June 15, 2009, from http://www.gartner.com/webletter/emea_samples/ ams/frames/article6/article6_r.html Ram, P., & Prabhakar, G. (2010). Determinants of Pay Satisfaction: A Study of the Hotel Industry in Jordan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 442-457. Rahimi, R. (2008). Feasibility Study of Application and Implementation of Customer Relationship Management in Hotel Industry. Unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Business Administration. Available at http://epubl.ltu.se/1653-0187/2008/022/index- en.html. 1-125. Raman, P., Wittmann, C. M., & Rauseo, N. A. (2006). Leveraging CRM for Sales: the Role of Organizational Capabilities in Successful CRM Implementation. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 26(1), 39-53. Ramani, G., & Kumar, V. (2008). Interaction Orientation and Firm Performance. Journal of Marketing, 72(1), 27-45. Rapp, A., Trainor, K. J., & Agnihotri, R. (2010). Performance Implications of Customer-Linking Capabilities: Examining the Complementary Role of Customer Orientation and CRM Technology. Journal of Business Research, 63(11), 1229-1236. Reichold, A., Kolbe, L., & Brenner, W. (2004). Performance Measurement of CRM in Financial Services. Retrieved March 01, 2010, from http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/export/dl/204733. pdf. Reimann, M., Schilke, O., & Thomas, J. S. (2010). Customer Relationship Management and Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Business Strategy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(3), 326-346. Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., & Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The Customer Relationship Management Process: Its Measurement and Impact on Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 293-305. Richard, J. E., Thirkell, P. C., & Huff, S. L. (2007). An Examination of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Technology Adoption and its Impact on Business-to-Business Customer Relationships. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 18(8), 927-945. Richards, K. A., & Jones, E. (2008). Customer Relationship Management: Finding Value Drivers. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(2), 120-130. Rigby, R., Reichheld, F., & Schefter, P. (2002). Avoid the Four Perils of CRM. Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 101-109. Roberts, M. L., Liu, R. R., & Hazard, K. (2005). Strategy, Technology and Organisational Alignment: Key Components of CRM Success. Journal of Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 12(4), 315-326. Roh, T. H., Ahn, C. K., & Han, I. (2005). The Priority Factor Model for Customer Relationship Management System Success. Expert Systems with Applications, 28(4), 641-654. Roman, A. (2005). The Retention Strategy of Hotels Jordanian. Journal Mu”ta, 3(4), 44-59. Romano Jr, N. C., & Fjermestad, J. (2001). An Agenda for Electronic Commerce Customer Relationship Management Research. Paper presented at the proceedings of the Seventh Americas Conference on Information Systems, 830-833. Roy, S. K. (2008). CRM Implementation in Banks. Journal of Management Research, 7(7), 55-72. Ruekert, R. W. (1992). Developing a Market Orientation: An Organizational Strategy Perspective. International Journal of Research In Marketing, 9(3), 225-245. Ryals, L., & Payne, A. (2001). Customer Relationship Management in Financial Services: Towards Information-Enabled Relationship Marketing. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 9(1), 3-27. Sammour. (2010). A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Case Study: Crowne Plaza Hotels.Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term-paper_topics/ 2010/10/customer-relationship-management-recommendations-for-crowne-plaza-hotel-auckland. pdf. Sanayei, A. K. (2010). Knowledge Oriented Customer Relationship Management: An Application Model for Hotels Management. Paper presented at4th International Management Conference. Retrived June 6, 2010, from http://www.mba.mbairan.ir/portals/0/354_full_ gholami.pdf Sekaran, U. (2010). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. New York, Ny: Wiley-India. Shang, S. S. C., & Chen, C. H. (2007). Human Processes in Customer Relationship Management. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 11th Pacific-Asia Conference on Information System. Sharp, B., & Sharp, A. (1997). Loyalty Programs and Their Impact on Repeat-Purchase Loyalty Patterns. International Journal of Research In Marketing, 14(5), 473-486. Shea, T., Brown, A., White, D., Curran-Kelly, C., & Griffin, M. (2006). Customer Relationship Management(CRM) Metrics What's the HoldUp?. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 2(3), 1-9. Sheth, J. N., Sisodia, R. S., & Sharma, A. (2000). The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer-Centric Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 55. Shiu, Y. M., & Wei Yu, T. (2010). The Effects of Customer Relationship Programmes on Customer Loyalty in Insurance. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from http://scholar.google.com.my. Shum, P., Bove, L., & Auh, S. (2008). Employees' Affective Commitment to Change: the Key to Successful CRM Implementation. European Journal of Marketing, 42(11/12), 1346-1371. Sigala, M. (2003). Implementing Customer Relationship Management in the Hotel Sector: Does ‘it’always Matter?.International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 23(10), 1224 –1245. Sigala, M. (2005). Integrating Customer Relationship Management in Hotel Operations: Managerial and Operational Implications. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(3), 391-413. Sin, L., Tse, A. & Yim, F. (2005a). CRM: Conceptualisation and Scale Development. European Journal of Marketing, 39(11/12), 1264-90. Sin, L. Y. M., Tse, A. C. B., Heung, V., & Yim, F. H. K. (2005b). An Analysis of the Relationship Between Market Orientation and Business Performance in the Hotel Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(4), 555-577. Sinisalo, J., Salo, J., Karjaluoto, H., & Lepp Niemi, M. (2007). Mobile Customer Relationship Management: Underlying Issues and Challenges. Business Process Management Journal, 13(6), 771-787. Smock, M., & Watkins, R. (2002). CRM or C3i? Why 80% of all Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Initiatives Fail. Retrieved July 12, 2009, from http://www.crm-forum.com. Sohrabi, B., Haghighi, M., & Khanlari, A. (2010). Customer Relationship Management Maturity Model (CRM): A Model for Stepwise Implementation. International Journal of Human Sciences, 7(1), 1-20. Srinivasan, R., & Moorman, C. (2005). Strategic Firm Commitments and Rewards for Customer Relationship Management in Online Retailing. Journal of Marketing, 193-200. Starkey, M. W., Williams, D., & Stone, M. (2002). The State of Customer Management Performance in Malaysia. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(6), 378-385. Stefanou, C. J., Sarmaniotis, C., & Stafyla, A. (2003). CRM and Customer-Centric Knowledge Management: An Empirical Research. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), 617-634 Stein, A., & Smith, M. (2009). CRM Systems and Organizational Learning: An Exploration of the Relationship Between CRM Effectiveness and the Customer Information Orientation of the Firm in Industrial Markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 198-206. Stimpson, J. (2004). CRM is Hot! The Practical Accountant. Business Horizons, 36(1), 38-41. Stock, R. M., & Hoyer, W. D. (2005). An Attitude-Behavior Model of Salespeople’s Customer Orientation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(4), 536. Stone, M. F., Henderson, L., Irwin, D., Donnell, J., & Woodcock, N. (2003). The Quality of Information Management in Customer Life Cycle Management. Journal of Database Marketing, 10(3), 240-254. Stringfellow, A., Nie, W., & Bowen, D. E. (2004). CRM: Profiting from Understanding Customer Needs. Business Horizons, 47(5), 45-52. Sun, B., Wilcox, R., & Zhu, T. (2008). Ignoring Your Best Customer? An Investigation of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Retention and their Financial Impact. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 6(3/4), 87-116. Swift, R. S. (2002). Accelerating Customer Relationships: Using CRM and Relationship Technologies. Englewood Cliffs, Nj: Prentice-Hall. Tamoiniene, R., & Jasilionienë, R. (2007). Customer Relationship Management as Business Strategy Appliance: Theoretical and Practical Dimensions. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 8(1), 69-78. Tan, X., Yen, D., & Fang, X. (2002). Internet Integrated Customer Relationship Management: A Key Success Factor for Companies in the E-Commerce Arena. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(3), 77-86. Tanner, J. (2005). Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Tools, Journal of Database Marketing,10(3), 240-259. Taylor, S. A., & Hunter, G. L. (2002). The Impact of Loyalty With E-CRM Software and E-Services. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13(5), 452-474. Thakur, R. & Summey, J. (2005). Filtering Profitable from Not-So-Profitable Customers Using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Technology. The Marketing Management Journal, 15 (2), 43-54. Thompson, S.H., Paul Devadoss, B., & Shan, L.(2006). Towardsa Holistic Perspective of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Implementation: a Case Study of the Housing and Development Board, Singapore. Decision Support Systems, 42, 1613–1627. Van Bentum, R., & Stone, M. (2005). Customer Relationship Management and the Impact of Corporate Culture an European Study. The Journal of Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 13(1), 28-54. Vandermerwe, S. (2004). Achieving Deep Customer Focus. Engineering Management Review, 32(3), 62-62. Vassilikopoulou, A., Siomkos, G., Chatzipanagiotou, K., & Triantafillidou, A. (2009). Hotels on Fire: Investigating Consumers' Responses and Perceptions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(7), 791-815. Victorino, L., Verma, R., Plaschka, G., & Dev, C. (2005). Service Innovation and Customer Choices in the Hospitality Industry. Managing Service Quality, 15(6), 555-576. Wade., M. & Hulland, J. (2004). Review: The Resource-Based View and Information Systems Research: Review, Extension, and Suggestions for Future Research. Mis Quarterly, 107-142. Wahab, S., Noor, N. A. M., Ali, J., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Relationship Between Customer Relation Management Performance and E-Banking Adoption: A Look at Malaysian Banking Industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(12), P122. Wang, C., Huang, Y., Chen, C., & Lin, Y. (2009). The Influence of Customer Relationship Management Process on Management Performance. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 435-441. Wang, Y., Lo, H. P., Chi, R., & Yang, Y. (2004). An Integrated Framework for Customer Value and Customer-Relationship-Management Performance: A Customer-Based Perspective from China. Managing Service Quality, 14(2/3), 169-182. Wang, Y. Fang., H. (2008). CRM Capability in Service Industries: Conceptualization and Scale Development. International Conference Onservice Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, Beijing, 83-88. Wells, J.D., Fuerst, W.L., & Choobineh, J. (1999). Managing Information Technology (It) For One-to-One Customer Interaction. Information &Management, 35(1), 53-62. Wikström, C. E., & Isomki, H. (2008). Human-Centredness in Customer Relationship Management Implementation Research: Towards a Holistic Perspective. International Journal of E-Business Research, 25(3), 1-27. Wilson, H., Daniel, E., & Mcdonald, M. (2002). Factors for Success in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems. Journal of Marketing Management, 18 (2), 193-219. Winer, R. S. (2001). A Framework for Customer Relationship Management. California Management Review, 43(4), 89-105. Worthington, S. (2010). The Hidden Side of Loyalty Card Programs. Monash University Josh Fear, the Australia Institute. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from http://www.buseco.monash. edu.au/centres/acrs/research/whitepapers/hidden- side-of-loyalty.pdf. Wu, T. (2003). Implementing CRM in Smes: An Exploratory Study on the Viability Of Using the ASP Model. Unpublished Master Thesis. Accounting. Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.Retrieved May 5, 2011, from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ summary?doi=10.1.1.116.5410.pdf. Xu, Y., Yen, D. C., Lin, B., & Chou, D. C. (2002). Adopting Customer Relationship Management Technology. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 102(8), 442-452. Yim, F. H., Anderson, R. E., & Swaminathan, S. (2004). Customer Relationship Management: Its Dimensions and Effect on Customer Outcomes. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 24(4), 263-278. Yueh, C., Chen, A., Lee, Y., & Barnes, F. (2010). The Effects of Leadership Styles on Knowledge-Based Customer Relationship Management Implementation. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 3(1), 1-18. Zablah, A. R., Bellenger, D. N., & Johnston, W. J. (2004). An Evaluation of Divergent Perspectives on Customer Relationship Management: Towards a Common Understanding of an Emerging Phenomenon. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(6), 475-489. Zahay, D. (2005). Organizational Factors Related to Effective Customer Information System Practices. American Marketing Association, 3(9), 623-630. Zeng, Y. E., &Wen, H. J.(2003). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Commerce, Information Management & Computer Security, 11(1), 34-44. Zikmund, W. (2002). Business Research Method (Sixth Ed.). New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill.