Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians
Although online shopping had been widely adopted in developed countries, there was still low percentage of online shopping in developing countries like Jordan. The aims of this quantitative research were to empirically determine the significant predictors of online shopping behaviors (actual, intent...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | eng eng |
Published: |
2013
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/7/92217.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/13/s92217.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-uum-etd.3804 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
collection |
UUM ETD |
language |
eng eng |
advisor |
Othman, Siti Norezam Nik Mat, Nik Kamariah |
topic |
HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior. |
spellingShingle |
HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior. Al-Jabari, Mohammed Abdal Razaq Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
description |
Although online shopping had been widely adopted in developed countries, there was still low percentage of online shopping in developing countries like Jordan. The aims of this quantitative research were to empirically determine the significant predictors of online shopping behaviors (actual, intention and trust), examine the mediating effect of trust and intention on the relationship between predictors and actual online shopping behavior, and investigate the applicability of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining online shopping behavior in Jordan. A survey was conducted among 317 academic staff in ten universities located in three areas (North, Middle and South) in Jordan. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Out of 15 hypotheses of online
shopping behaviors, nine had significant direct effects (intention, trust and subjective norm to actual behavior; trust, uncertainty avoidance, subjective norm and perceived behavior control to intention; uncertainty avoidance and subjective norm to trust). The study also found that intention was a fill mediator of the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and perceived behavioral control with
actual online shopping behavior. It was found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between trust and subjective norm with actual online shopping behavior. Trust was also found as a fill mediator of the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and attitude with actual online shopping behavior. Finally, trust and intention filly mediated the relationship of uncertainty avoidance and
attitude with actual online shopping behavior. The present study also highlighted implications of the study, future research work as well as its study limitations. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
Ph.D. |
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Al-Jabari, Mohammed Abdal Razaq |
author_facet |
Al-Jabari, Mohammed Abdal Razaq |
author_sort |
Al-Jabari, Mohammed Abdal Razaq |
title |
Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
title_short |
Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
title_full |
Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
title_fullStr |
Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
title_full_unstemmed |
Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians |
title_sort |
factors influencing online shopping behavior among jordanian academicians |
granting_institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
granting_department |
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/7/92217.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/13/s92217.pdf |
_version_ |
1747827649868201984 |
spelling |
my-uum-etd.38042022-04-10T02:36:59Z Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior Among Jordanian Academicians 2013-06 Al-Jabari, Mohammed Abdal Razaq Othman, Siti Norezam Nik Mat, Nik Kamariah Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior. Although online shopping had been widely adopted in developed countries, there was still low percentage of online shopping in developing countries like Jordan. The aims of this quantitative research were to empirically determine the significant predictors of online shopping behaviors (actual, intention and trust), examine the mediating effect of trust and intention on the relationship between predictors and actual online shopping behavior, and investigate the applicability of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining online shopping behavior in Jordan. A survey was conducted among 317 academic staff in ten universities located in three areas (North, Middle and South) in Jordan. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Out of 15 hypotheses of online shopping behaviors, nine had significant direct effects (intention, trust and subjective norm to actual behavior; trust, uncertainty avoidance, subjective norm and perceived behavior control to intention; uncertainty avoidance and subjective norm to trust). The study also found that intention was a fill mediator of the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and perceived behavioral control with actual online shopping behavior. It was found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between trust and subjective norm with actual online shopping behavior. Trust was also found as a fill mediator of the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and attitude with actual online shopping behavior. Finally, trust and intention filly mediated the relationship of uncertainty avoidance and attitude with actual online shopping behavior. The present study also highlighted implications of the study, future research work as well as its study limitations. 2013-06 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/7/92217.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/3804/13/s92217.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia AbuShanab, E., & Pearson, J. (2007). Internet banking in Jordan. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 9(1), 78-97. AbuShanab, E., Pearson, J., & Setterstrom, A. (2010). Internet banking and customers' acceptance in Jordan: The unified model's perspective. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 26(23), 493-524. Adapa, S. (2008). Adoption of Internet Shopping: Cultural Considerations in India and Australia. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 13(2), 1-17. Ahn, T., Ryu, S., & Han, I. (2004). The impact of the online and offline features on the user acceptance of Internet shopping malls. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 3, 405-420. Ahuja, M., Gupta, B., & Raman, P. (2003). An Empirical Investigation of Online Consumer Purchasing Behavior. Communications of The Acm 46(12). Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. Berlin and New York: Springer-Verlag. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50, 179-211. Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a TPB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations, from http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf Ajzen, I. (2008). Consumer attitudes and behavior. In C. P. Haugtvedt, P. M. Herr & F. R. Cardes (Eds.), Handbook of Consumer Psychology (pp. 525- 548). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Akhter, F., Maamar, Z., & Hobbs. D., J. (2002). Agent-Based Approach for Building Trusted E-Commerce Systems. Paper presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. AI-Majali M. (2011). The antecedents ofinternet banking service adoption in Jordan: using decomposed theory of planned behavior. ph.D, Universiti Utara Malaysia. AI-Hujran, 0., AI-dalahmeh, M., & Aloudat, A. (2011). The Role of National Culture on Citizen Adoption of eGovemment Services: An Empirical Study. Electronic Journal of e-Govemment, 9(2), 93-106. AI-Jabari, M., Othman, S. N., & Mat, N. K. N. (2012). Actual Online Shopping Behavior among Jordanian Customers. American Journal of Economics (Special Issue), 125-129 AI-maghrabi, T., & Dennis, C. (2010). Driving online shopping: Spending and behavioral differences among women in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 5(1),30-47. AI-Majali, M., & Mat, N. K. N. (2010). Application of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior on Internet Banking Adoption in Jordan. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce , 15(2), 1-7. AI-Qeisi, K. (2009). Analyzing the use of UTAUT model in explaining an online behaviour: internet banking adoption. ph.D, Brunei University. Al Katheeri. (2012). Majority of Arab consumers do not trust e-shopping, from http//www.emirates247.com/news/region/ majority-of-arab-consumers-do-not-trust-e-shopping-2012-04- 09-1.452872. Al Muala A Antecedents and mediator of actual visit behavior amongst international tourists in Jordan. ph.D, Universiti Utara Malaysia Al Sukkar, A (2005). The Application of Information System in the Jordanian Banking Sector: A Study of the Acceptence of the Internet. ph.D, The University of Wollongong Alam, S. S., Bakar, Z., Ismail, H. B., & Ahsan, N. (2008). Young consumers online shopping: an empirical study. Journal ofInternet Business(5). Aldhmour, F., & Shannak, R. (2009). The effective utilization of information and communication technology and its impact on competitive advantage. European Journal of Scientific Research, 29(3), 302-314. Aldiri, K., D. , Hobbs, & Qahwaji, R. (2008). The Human Face of E-Business: Engendering Consumer Initial Trust Through the Use of Images of Sales Personnel on E-Commerce Web Sites. International Journal of E-Business Research, 4(4), 58-78. Alhudaithy, A, & Kitchen, P. (2009). Rethinking models of technology adoption for internet banking: The role of website features. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 14(1), 56-69. Ali, I., Yilmaz, A K., Ali, J. F., & Afzal, H. Effects of National Culture on Entrepreneurial Intentions. Business Transformation through Innovation and Knowledge Management: An Academic Perspective, 683-692. Alkailani, M. (2009). Percieved Risk, Locus of Control, Product Tactility aand Cultur Alimpact: A Study of Online Buying Behavior in USA, India, and Jordan. Alliant International University Alnasser, M. S., Yusoff, R. Z., & Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2010). The Impact of Trust in Online Purchasing Behavior: Cross-cultural Study Comparing Malaysia with Saudi Arabia. Alsajjan, B., & Dennis, C. (2009). Internet banking acceptance model: cross-market examination. Journal ofBusiness Research, 7(1), 1-7. Alsajjan, B. A. (2005). The Relative Importance Of Trust Intentions And Trust Beliefs In Internet Banking Adoption Institute of Public Administration, Saudi Arabia, 1-14. AISmadi, S. (2002, 15-16 Oct). Consumer attitudes towards online shopping in Jordan: Opportunities and challenges. Paper presented at the The first Arab marketing meeting. Amoroso, D. L., & Hunsinger, D. S. (2009). Understanding Consumers' Acceptance of Online Purchasing. Journal of Information Technology Management, XX(1). An, D., & Kim, S. (2008). Effects of National Culture on the Development of Consumer Trust in Online Shopping. Seoul Journal of Business, 14(1), 123-151. Anderson, E., & Garbing, D. (1988). Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended. American Psychological Association, 103(3), 411-423. Arab Advisors. (2011), from http://www.arabadvisors.com/ Pressers/presser-240412.htm Arbuckle, J. L. (2005). Amos 6.0 Users Guide: Springhouse, PA: Amos Development Corporation. Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40,471-499. Atilgan-Inan, E. (2011). Planned Behaviour of Young Consumers Shopping on the Internet European Journal of Social Sciences, 19(4), 528-537. Atilgan-Inan, E., & Karaca, B. (2011). Planned Behaviour of Young Consumers Shopping on the Internet European Journal of Social Sciences 19(4),528-537. Auh, S. (2005). The effects of soft and hard service attributes on loyalty: the mediating role of trust. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(2), 81-92. Azevedo, S. G., Pereira, M., Ferreira, J., & Pedroso, V. (2007). Consumer Buying Behaviour in Fashion Retailing: Empirical Evidences. 407-411. Bagozzi, R., & Vi, Y. (1989). The degree of intention formation as a moderator of the attitude-behaviour relationship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52(4), 266-279. Bagozzi, R. P., & Dabholar, P. A. (2000). Discursive psychology: an alternative conceptual foundation to the means-end chain theory. Psychology and Marketing, 17, 535-586. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi., Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94. Barclay D., & Thompson R, H. C. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies 2(2) , 285-309. Barkhi, R., Belanger, F., & Hicks, J. (2008). A Model of The Determinants of Purchasing from Virtual Stores. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 18, 177-196. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. Barsh, J., Crawford, B., & Grosso, C. (2000). Howe-tailing can rise from the ashes. The McKinsey Quarterly, 3, 98-109. Baumgartner, G., Hans, J., & Steenkamp, J. (1996). Exploratory consumer buying behaviour: Conceptualization and measurement. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(1), 121-137. Bentler, P., & Bonett, D. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Borgatti, P. (1999). Elements of research: Theoretical framework. Retrieved March, 2011, from http://www.analytictech.com/mb313/elements.htm Byrne, B. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, EQS, and LISREL: Comparative approaches to testing for the factorial validity of a measuring instrument. International Journal of Testing, 1(1), 55-86. Byrne, B. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming (2 ed.): RoutledgeTaylor & Francis Group New York. Canniere, M. H. D., Pelsmacker, P. D., & Geuens, M. (2008). Relationship Quality and the Theory of Planned Behavior models of behavioral intentions and purchase behavior. Journal of Business Research, 1-11. Chang, H. H., & Chen, S. W. (2008). The impact of online store environment cues on purchase intention: Trust and perceived risk as a mediator. Online Information Review, 32(6), 818-841. Chang, M. K. (1998). Predicting Unethical Behavior;A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(16), 1825-1834. Chang, M. K., Cheung, W., & Lai, V. S. (2005). Literature derived reference models for the adoption of online shopping. Information & Management 42, 543-559. Chen, L.-D., & Tan, J. (2004). Technology Adaptation in E-commerce: Key Determinants of Virtual Stores Acceptance. European Management Journal 22(1), 74-86. Chen, L. (2009). Online Consumer Behavior: An Empirical Study Based On Theory Of Planned Behavior. University of Nebraska. Chen, S.-W. (2011). A Study of Customers' Intention to Use Internet Banking: An Integrated Model. National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, 1-18. Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A J. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e-commerce: a preliminary investigation. Psychology & Marketing, 20(4). Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2002). An Integrative Model of Consumer Trust in Internet Shopping Chin, A J., Wafa, S. A W. S. K., & Ooi, A-Y. (2009). The Effect of Internet Trust and Social Influence towards Willingness to Purchase Online in Labuan, Malaysia International Business Research, 2(2), 72-81. Chircu, A M., Davis, G. B., & Kauffman, R. J. (2000). Trust, expertise and ecommerce intermediary adoption. Paper presented at the Sixth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Long Beach, CA. Chiu, Y.-B., Lin, C.-P., & Tang, L.-L. (2005). Gender differs: assessing a model of online purchase intentions in e-tail service. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16(5), 416-435. Cho, J. (2004). Likelihood to abort an online transaction: influences from cognitive evaluations, attitudes, and behavioral variables. Information and Management, 41(7), 827-838. Choi, J., & Geistfeld, L. (2004). A Cross-cultural Investigation of Consumer Eshopping Adoption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(6), 821-838. Choi, J., & Geistfeld, L. V. (2004). A cross-cultural investigation of consumer eshopping adoption. Journal of Economic Psychology 25, 821-838. Chou, C., & Bentler, P. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling Concepts, issues: Thousand Oaks.: Sage Publications. Chu, P.-Y., & Wu, T.-Z. (2005). In-Depth Citizen Interaction with E-Govemment from Taxpayers' Behavioral Perspectives. International Journal of the Information Systems for Logistics and Management (IJISLM), 1(1),27-37. Chuang, H.-M., & Fan, a. C.-J. (2011). The mediating role of trust in the relationship between e-retailer quality and customer intention of online shopping African Journal of Business Management 5(22), 9522-9529. Churchill, G. A. J., & Lacobucci, D. (2004). Marketing research: Methodological foundations (9 ed.): Southwestern Publications, Cincinnati, OH. Citrin, A. V., Sprott, D. E., Silverman, S. N., & Donald E. Stem, J. (2000). Adoption of Internet shopping: the role of consumer innovativeness. Industrial Management & DataSystems , 100(7), 294-300. Clarke, R. (1999). Internet privacy concerns confirm the case for intervention. Communications of the ACM, 42(2),60-67. Coakes, S. j., & Steed, L. G. (2003). SPSS Analysis Without Anguish. Sydney Australia: John Wiley & Sons. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural science (2 ed.): Mahwah. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1429-1464. Connolly, R., & Bannister, B. (2007). E-Commerce Trust Beliefs: The Influence Of National Culture. Paper presented at the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems Spain. Corbitt, B. J., Thanasankit, T., & Vi, H. (2003). Trust and e-commerce: a study of consumer perceptions. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2, 203-215. Crespo, A. H., & Bosque, I. R. d. (2008). The effect of innovativeness on the adoption of B2C e-commerce: A model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Computers in Human Behavior 24,2830-2847. Cybrarians. (2009). Only third of Jordanian use the internet technology, 2010, from http://joumal.cybrarians.info/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=177&catid=76:2010-07- 14-08-59-14 Dauda, Y., Santhapparaj, A., Asirvatham, D., & Raman, M. (2007). The Impact of ECommerce Security, and National Environment on Consumer adoption of Internet Banking in Malaysia and Singapore. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 12(2). Davis, H. T., & Crombie, L. K. (2009). What are confidence intervals and p-values? : Hayward Group. Davis, F., Bagozzi, R., & Warshaw, P. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 982-1003. Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machines Studies, 38, 475-487. Delafrooz, N., Paim, L. H., & Khatibi, A. (2010). Students' Online Shopping Behavior: An Empirical Study Journal of American Science, 6(1). Demirdjian, Z. S., & Senguder, T. (2004). Perspectives in Consumer Behaviour: Paradigm Shiftsin Prospect. Journal oj American Academy of Business, 4, 348-356. Doll, J., & Ajzen, I. (1992). Accessibility and stability of predictors in the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 754-765. Doney, P., Cannon, J., & Mullen, M. (1998). Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of management review, 61(2), 601-620. DOS. (2009). Department of Statistics in http://www.dos.gov.jo/sdhpop/sdb_pop a/tech2009.pdf El Said G. R., & Galal-Edeen G. H. (2009). The role of culture in e-commerce use for the Egyptian consumers. Business Process Management Journal, 15(1), 34-47. EI Said, G. R. (2005). Cultural Effect on Electronic Consumer Behaviour: The Effect of Uncertainty Avoidance on Online Trust for The Egyptian Internet Users. Brunei University. Elliot, S., & Fowell, S. (2000). Expectationsversus reality: a snapshot of consumers experiences with Internet retailing International Journal of lnformation Management, 20, 323-336. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer Behavior (8 ed): Orlando, FL: The Dryden Press. EU ESIS. (2000). IS Promotion Activities: Update November 2000: Jordan Retrieved April, 2010, from http://www.eu-esis. org/esis2prom/JOprom6.htm. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research: MA, Addison-Wesly. Fishbein, M., & I. Ajzen. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Engle-Wood-ClifIs, Prentice Hall. Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: the Swedish experience. Journal of marketing, 56,6-12. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3) , 382-388. Forrester Research. (2007). Projected online retail sales: 2007 to 2012, from http://www.census.gov/compedia/statab/ tables/09s 1015.pdf. Fusilier, M., & Durlabhji, S. (2005). An exploration of student internet use in India. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 22(4), 233-246. Ganguly, B., Dash, S. B., Cyr, D., & Head, M. (2010). The effects of website design on purchase intention in online shopping: the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of culture International Journal of Electronic Business, 8(4/5). Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87. Garland, R. (1991). The mid-point on rating scale: is it desirable?. Marketing Bulletin, 2, 66-70. Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research: Competences for analysis and application (3 ed.): New York Macmillam Publishing Company. Gefen, D., & Heart, T. (2006). On the need to include national culture as a central issue in e-commerce trust beliefs. Journal of Global Information Management, 14(4), 1-30. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2003). Managing user trust in B2C e-services. e-Service Journal, 2, 7-34. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-products and e-services..Omega, 32(6), 407-424. Geissler, G. L., & Zinkban, G. M. (1998). Consumer perceptions of the World Wide Web: An exploratory study using focus group interviews. Advances in Consumer Research,, 25(1), 386-392. Genis-Gruber, A., & Tas, B. K. O. (2007). Cultural Differences and E-Commerce Behavior. 1-11. George, J. F. (2002). Influences on the intent to make internet purchases. Internet Research Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 12(2), 165-180. George, J. F. (2004). The theory of planned behavior and Internet purchasing. Journal of Internet Research, 14(3), 198-212. Ghozali, H. I., Fuad, J., & Seti, M. (2005). Structural equation modelling-teori, konsep, dan aplikasi denguan program LISREL 8.54 Semarang, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit University Diponegoro. Gopi, M., & Ramayah, T. (2007). Applicability of theory of planned behaviour in predicting intention to trade online. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(4), 348-360. Grabner-Kra''uter, S., & Kaluscha, E. A. (2003). Empirical research in on-line trust: a review and critical assessment. International Journal of Human-Computer-Studies. 58, 783-812. Grazioli, S., & Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2000). Perils of Internet Fraud: An Empirical Investigation of Deception and Trust with Experienced Internet Consumers. IEEE transactions on systems. man, and cybernetics-part A: systems and humans, 30(4). Ha, S., & Stoel, L. (2009). Consumer e-shopping acceptance: Antecedents in a technology acceptance model. Journal of Business Research 62, 565-571. Hair, F., Anderson, E., Black, W., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: Prentice Hall. Hair, L, Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. NJ: Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River. Hair Jr, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R, & Tatham, R (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis: Auflage, Upper Saddle River. Han, H., Hsu, L., & Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management, 31, 325-334. Hansen, T., Jensen, J. M., & Solgaard, H. S. (2004). Consumer Online Grocery Buying Intention: A TRA Versus a TPB Approach 1-28. Harakeh, Z., Scholte, R H. J., Vennulst, V., H. d., , & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2004).Parental factors and adolescents' smoking behavior: an extension of The theory of planned behavior. Preventive Medicine, 39, 951-961. Harrison, D. A., Mykytyn, P. P., & Riemenschneider, C. K. (1997). Executive decisions about adoption of information technology in small business: theory and empirical tests. Information Systems Research, 8(2). Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2007). Manipulating perceived social presence through the web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65, 689-708. Haubl G, & Murray, K. B. (2003). Preference construction and persistence in digital marketplaces: The role of electronic recommendation agents. Journal of Consumer Psychology & Marketing, 13(1/2), 75-91. Hawkins, D. I., Best, R J., & Coney, K. A. (2001). Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy: Irwin McGraw-Hill. Hernandez, B., Julio Jimenez, M., & Martin, J. (2009). The impact of self-efficacy, ease of use and usefulness on e-purchasing: An analysis of experienced eshoppers. Interacting with Computers 21(146-156). Hernandez, J. M. C., & Mazzon, J. A. (2007). Adoption of internet banking: proposition and implementation of an integrated methodology approach Marketing Bulletin, 25(2), 72-88. Hitosugi, C. (2010). Trust on the Web: The Power of Subjective Norm Across Cultures. 1-9. Hitosugi, C. I. (2009). Effects of Culture on Online Initial Trust: Individual Level Analysis. ph.D. Ho, L.-A., Kuo, T.-H., Lin. C., & Lin. B. (2010). The Mediate Effect of Trust on Organizational Online Knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 9(4), 625-644. Hoffinan, Novak, & Peralta. (1999). Building Consumer Trust Online. Communications of the ACM, 42(4),80-85. Hoffman. T. P., & Novak, D. L. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Issues: Cross Cultural Research and Methodology: Sage Publication. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival: McGraw-Hill International. Hofstede, G. (1994). Values Survey Module 1994: Manual. Tilburg, NL: IRIC. Tilburg University, the Netherland. Hofstede, G., Institutions and (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors Organizations across Nations: Sage Publication. Hongfeng, P., Chunjing, W., & Jie, C. (2008). An empirical investigation on the adoption of online shopping of university students in China. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Business and Information Management Hu, L., Bentler, P., & Kano, Y. (1992). Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted? . Psychological bulletin, 112(2), 351-362. Huang, P., & Sycara, K. (2002). A computational model for online agent negotiation. Paper presented at the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Huang, S., & Lin, F. (2007). The design and evaluation of an intelligent sales agent for online persuasion and negotiation. Electronic Commerce Research & Applications, 6(3), 285-296. Hung, Shin-Yuan, & Chang, C.-M. (2005). User Acceptance of WAP Services: Test of Competing Theories. Computer Standards and Interfaces, 27(4), 359-370. Hung, S.-Y., Ku, C.-Y., & Chang, C.-M. (2003). Critical factors of WAP services adoption: an empirical study. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2, 42-60. Hwang, Y. (2005a). An Empirical Study of Online Trust and Consumer Behavior: Cultural Orientation, Social Norms, and Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology. Paper presented at the Twenty-Sixth International Conference on Information Systems Hwang, Y. (2005b). An Empirical Study of Online Trust and Consumer Behavior: Cultural Orientation, Social Norms, and Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology. Paper presented at the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS). Internet World Statistics. (2010). Internet usage in the Middle East Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats5.btm Jamil, N. A. (2012). The Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Determining Online Purchasing Behaviour in Malaysia. ph.D, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Tractinsky, N. (1999). Consumer Trust in an Internet Store: A Cross-cultural Validation. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 5(2), 1-35. Jarvenpaa, S. L., Tractinsky, N., & Vitale, M. (2000). Consumer trust in an Internet store. Information Technology and Management, 1(1), 45-71. Jessica Avitia, Costa-Font, M., & Gil, J. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modelling of Consumer Acceptance of Organic Food in Spain. 1-36. Jiang, J.-C., Chen, C.-A., & Wang, C.-C. (2008). Knowledge and Trust in Econsumers' Online Shopping Behavior Paper presented at the International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security. Jie, S., Peiji, S., & Jiaming, F. (2007). A Model for Adoption of Online Shopping: A Perceived Characteristics of Web as a Shopping Channel View. IEEE. Kamarulzaman, Y. (2007). Adoption of travel e-shopping in the UK. International Journal ofRetail & Distribution Management, 35(9), 703-719. Karami, M. (2006). Factors influencing Adoption of online Ticketing. Master thesis. Lulea University of Technology. Kassarjian, H. H. (1995). Some Recollections from a Quarter Century Ago. Advances in Consumer Research, XXII. Kassim, N. (2001). Determinants of customer satisfaction and retention in the cellular phone market of Malaysia. PhD Southern Cross University. Keen, C., Wetzels, M., de Ruyter, K., & Feinberg, R. (2004). E-tailers versus retailers: Which factors determine consumer preferences. Journal of Business Research, 57, 685-695. Khoo, S. T., & Ainley, J. (2005). Attitudes, intentions and participation. Australian Council for Educational Research Kim, H.-b., Kim, T. T.,.& Shin, S. W. (2009). Modeling roles of subjective norms and eTrust in customers' acceptance of airline B2C eCommerce websites. Tourism Management 30, 266-277. Kline, R. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: New York: Guilford Press. Koo, C., & Wati, Y. (2010). Toward an Understanding of the Mediating Role of "Trust" in Mobile Banking Service: An Empirical Test of Indonesia Case. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 16(13), 1801-1824. Korgaonkar, P., & Wolin, L. D. (1999). A Multivarlate Analysis of Web Usage. Journal of Advertising Research, 39(2), 53-68. Kosugi. R, Hamanaka. Y, Y, H., & Nakajima, Y. (2007). University student and their employment-consideration from the viewpoint of supporting the transition to work and human resource development. JILPT research report, 78, 1-12. Koufaris, M., & Hampton-Sosa, W. (2002). Customer trust online: examining the role of the experience with the Web-site. CIS Working Paper Series, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, New York, NY, 1-22. Krejcie, R., & Morgan, D. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 30,607-610. Lakshman, M., Sinha, L., Biswas, M., Charles, M., & Arora, N. K. (2000). Quantitative Vs Qualitative Research Methods. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 67(5), 369-377. Laohapensang, O. (2009). Factors influencing internet shopping behaviour: a survey of consumers in Thailand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management. 13(4), 501-513. Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2002).Management information systems: managing the digital firm NJ: Prentice Hall. Lee, G., & Lin, H. (2005). Customer Perceptions of E-service quality in online shopping. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. 33(2), 161-176. Lee, M. K. 0., Turban, E., . (2001). A trust model for consumer Internet shopping. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 6(1), 75-91. Lee, S.-H., & Ngoc, H. T. B. (2010). Investigating the on-line shopping intentions of Vietnamese students: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education 8(4), 471-476. LEE, S. M., & CHEN, L. (2010). The Impact of Flow on Online Consumer Behavior. Journal of Computer Information Systems 1-10. Li, N., & Zhang, P. (2002). Consumer Online Shopping Attitudes and Behavior: An Assessment of Research. Paper presented at the Eighth Americas Conference on Information Systems. Li, X., Hess, T. J., & Valacich, J. S. (2008). Why Do We Trust New Technology? A Study of Initial Trust Formation with Organizational Information Systems. Journal of Strategic Information Systems 01739-71. Liang, T., & Lai, H. (2000). Electronic store design and consumer choice: an empirical study. Paper presented at the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Liao, P. W., & Hsieh, J. Y. (2010). Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Explore Online Shopping Behavior: Online Experiences as a Moderator IEEE, 978-981. Lim, H., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2005). The Theory of Planned Behavior in E-Commerce: Making a Case for Interdependencies between Salient Beliefs. Psychology & Marketing, 22,833-855 Lim, K. H., Leung, K., Sia, C. L., & Lee, M. K. (2004). Is eCommerce boundaryless? Effects of individualism-collectivis and uncertainty avoidance on Internet shopping journal of International Business Studies 35, 545-555. Limayem, M., Khalifa, M., & Frini, A. (2000). What Makes Consumers Buy from Internet? A Longitudinal study of online shopping. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics -Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(4),421-432. Lin, H.-F. (2007). Predicting Consumer Intentions to Shop Online: An Empirical Test of Competing Theories. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 6, 433-442. Lin, W. B. (2008). Construction of on-line consumer behavior models: a comparative study of industries in Taiwan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 18(2), 123-149. Ling, K. C., Chai, L. T., & Piew, T. H. (2010). The Effects of Shopping Orientations, Online Trust and Prior Online Purchase Experience toward Customers' Online Purchase Intention International Business Research 3(3}. Liska, A. (1984). A Critical Examination of the Causal Structure of the Fishbein/Ajzen Attitude-Behavior Model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 47(1), 61-74. Liu, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhou, C. (2004). Determinants of Customer Purchase Intention in Electronic Service IEEE, 1-4. Lu, H.-P., Hsu, C.-L., & Hsu, H.-Y. (2005). An empirical study of the effect of perceived risk upon intention to use online applications. Information Management & Computer Security, 13(2), 106-120. Luck, D., & Rubin, R. (1987). Marketing Research. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice Hall International. Lundgren, H., & RitaWalczuch. (2003). Moderated Trust-The Impact of Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance on the Consumer Trust Formation Process in E-Retailing RSEEM 31-52. Lwin M.O., & Williams, J. D. (2003). A Model Integrating the Multidimensional Developmental Theory of Privacy and Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Fabrication of Information Online. Marketing Letters, 14(4}, 257-272. Mahmood, M. A., Bagchi, K., & Ford, T. C. (2004). On-line Shopping Behavior: Cross-Country Empirical Research. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9(1), 9-30. Malhotra, N. K., & Stanton, S. C. (2004). Validating Inter-Object Interaction in Object-Oriented Designs. Paper presented at the 4th lASTED International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Optimization, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Mat, N. K. N., & Ahmad, S. S. M. (2005 ). Determinants of Online Shopping Intention. Paper presented at the Proceedings of International Conference on ECommerce Mat, N. K. N., & Sentosa, I. (2008). The Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model in Internet Purchasing: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach. Paper presented at the Applied International Business Conference. Mateos, P. M., J.G.Meilan, J., & Jose. (2002). Motivational versus Volitional Mediation of Passivity in Institutionalized Older People. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5(1),54-65. Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting User Intentions:Comparing the Tecbnology Acceptance Model with the Theory of Planned Behavior. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173-191. McKnight, D. H., & Chervany, N. L. (2001). Conceptualizing trust: a typology and ecommerce customer relationships model. Paper presented at the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii. McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). he Impact of Initial Consumer Trust on Intentions to Transact with A Web Site: A Trust Building Model. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, 297-323. Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research in Jordan. (2010). the public and private universities in Jordan Retrieved March, 2011, from http://www.mohe.gov.jo/ HomePage/tabid/36/language/ar-JO/Default.aspx. Ministry of Information and Communication Technology-Jordan. (2010), from http://www.moict.gov.jo/en-us/homepage/studies andreports.aspx Ministry of political development. (2010). The Hashemite kingdom of Jordan information Retrieved 2011, March, from www.mopd.gov.jo/general_information. Morgan, R., & Hunt. SO. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. Muala, A.M.d.A., Mat, N.K.N., & Isa, F.M. (2010). The Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior (Tpb) and Technology Acceptance Model in Internet Purchasing: A Structural Equation Modeling (Sem) Approach., 1-16. Nachmias, C. F., & Nachmias, D. (1996). Research Methods in the Social Sciences: London: Arnold. Nathan, R. J. (2008). Electronic Commerce Adoption in the Arab Countries-An Empirical Study. Ndubisi, N., & Sinti, Q. (2006). Consumer attitudes, system's characteristics and internet banking adoption in Malaysia. Management Research News, 29(112), 16-27. Neuman, W. (2006). Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6 ed.): Boston: Person Education, Inc. Nunnally, J. (1970). Introduction to Psychological Measurement: New York: McGraw-Hill. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2 ed.): New York: McGraw-Hill. Ok, S.-J., & Shon, J.-H. (2006). The Determinant of Internet Banking Usage Behavior in Korea: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. 1-15. Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows (10 ed.): Open University Press. Park, H. (1993). Cultural impact on life insurance penetration: a cross-national analysis. International Journal of Management, 10(3), 342-350. Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer Acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 7(7), 101-134. Pavlou, P. A., & Chai, L. (2002 ). What Drives Electronic Commerce Across Cultures? A Cross-Cultural Empirical Investigation of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 3(4), 240. Pedersen, P., & Nysveen, H. (2005). Using the theory of planned behaviour to explain teenagers' adoption of text messaging services. [Working Paper]. Agder University College. Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategy and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, 63-78. Rouibah, K. (2008). Social usage of instant messaging by individuals outside the workplace in Kuwait A structural equation model. Information Technology & People, 21(1),34-68. Ryu, K., Hanb, H., & T.H., K. (2007). The Relationships among overall Quick-Casual Restaurant Image, Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(3), 459-469. Saade, R. G., Tan, W., & Kira, D. (2008). Is Usage Predictable Using Belief-Attitude Intention Paradigm? Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 5, 591-599. Saeed, K., Hwang, Y., & Yi, M. Y. (2003). Toward an Integrative Framework for Online Consumer Behavior Research: A Meta-Analysis Approach. Journal of End User Computing, 15(4), 1-26. Sahni, A. (1994). Incorporating Perceptions of Financial Control in Purchase Prediction: An Empirical Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 21, 442-448. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thronhill, A. (2003). Research method for business students (2 ed.). England: Person Education Limited. Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for Business: New York: Hermitage Publishing Services. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (4 ed.): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The Theory of Reasoned Action: A Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325-343. Shih, Y., & Fang, K. (2004). The use of a decomposed theory of planned behaviour to study Internet banking in Taiwan. Internet Research 14(3), 213-223. Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L., & Warrington, P. (2001). An online prepurchase intentions model: The role of intention to search. Journal of Retailing 77, 397-416. Solnet, D. (2006).Introducing employee social identification to customer satisfaction research. A hotel industry study. Managing Service Quality, 16(6),575-594. Straub, D. (1989). Validating instruments in MIS research. Mis Quarterly, 13(2), 147-169. Sukamolson, S. (2005).Fundamentals of quantitative research. E-Journal for Researching Teachers, 2(1), 1-20. Suki, N. M., Ramayah, T., & Suki, N. M. (2008). Internet shopping acceptance: Examining the influence of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 2(2), 97-110. Sultan, F., Urban, G. L., Shankar, V., & Bart, I. Y. (2002). Determinants and Role of Trust in E-Business: A Large Scale Empirical Study. 1-46. Sultan, F., Urban, G. L., Shankar, V., & Bart, I. Y. (2005). Determinants and role of trust in e-commerce: a large scale empirical study. Journal of Marketing, 69, 133-152. Suntompithug, N., & Khamalah, J. (2010). Machine and Person Interactivity: The Driving Forces Behind Influences on Consumers' Willingness to Purchase Online Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 11(4), 299. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001).Using Multivariate Statistics (2 ed.): Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Tan, F. B., Van, L., & Urquhart, C. (2010). Explaining actual online shopping behavior: evidences from two distinct national cultures. 1-15. Tang, T.-W., & Chi, W.-H. (2005). The role of trust in customer online shopping behaviour: Perspective of technology acceptance model. 1-6. Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information systems research, 6(2), 144-176. Teo, T., & Pok, S. (2003). Adoption of WAP-enabled mobile phones among Internet users. Omega, The International Journal of Management Science, 31(6),483-498. Thowfeek, M. H., & Jaafar, A. (2010). Communication Technology Adoption Model Integrating National Culture into Information an. IEEE, 7(10), 1601-1605. Tsikriktsis, N. (2005). A review of techniques for treating missing data in OM survey research. Journal of Operations Management 24,53-62. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G., & Davis, F. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. Mis Quarterly, 425-478. Wang, M.-S., Chen, C.-C., Chang, S.-c., & Yang, Y.-H. (2007) . Effects of Online Shopping Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Control Beliefs on Online Shopping Intentions: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behaviour international journal of management, 24(2), 296-302. Wang, T.-L. (2011). An Effect of Trust and Attitude in the Initial Adoption of Online Shopping: An Empirical Study IEEE, 22-26. Wei Sha. (2009). Examining Mediators Of Structural Assurance Constructs In Business-To-Consumer E-Commerce. Issues in Information Systems, 364-3771. Weisberg, J., Te'eni, D., & Arman, L. (2008). Past Purchase and Intention to Purchase in E-Commerce: The Mediation of Social Presence and Trust. 1-24. Wen, B. L. (2008). Construction of online behavior model: a comparative study of industries in Taiwan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 18(2), 123-149. Werts, C. E., Linn, R. L., & Joreskog, K. G. (1974). Interclass reliability estimates: testing structural assumptions. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34, 325-347. Wu, I.-L., & Chen, J.-L. (2005). An Extension of Trust and TAM Model with TPB in the Initial Adoption of on-Line Tax: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 62, 784-808. Wu, J., & Liu, D. (2007). The Effects of Trust and Enjoyment on Intention to Play Online Games Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 8(2). Wu, S. I. (2006). A comparison of the behavior of different customer clusters towards Internet bookstores. Information & Management, 43,986-1001. Xiao, B., & Benbasat, I. (2007). E-commerce product recommendation agent: Use, characteristics, and impact. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 137-209. Yang, B., Lester, D., & James, S. (2007). Attitudes Toward Buying Online as Predictors of Shopping Online for British and American Respondents. Cyber psychology& Behavior, 10(2). Yin-Shijiu, & Wu-Linhai. (2008). An Analysis of Online Shopping Intention of Chinese Consumers and Its Influencing Factors -An Empirical Study on Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuxi cities, China. IEEE. Yoo, Boonghe, & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing Scale To Measure Perceive Quality of an Internet Shopping Sites (SITEQUAL). Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2(1), 31-46. Yoon, C. (2009). The effects of national culture values on consumer acceptance of ecommerce: Online shoppers in China. Information & Management, 46, 294-301. Yoon, S.-J. (2002). The Antecedents and Consequences of Trust in Online-Purchase Decisions. Journal of interactive marketing, 16, 47-63. Yousafzai, S. Y., Gordon R. Foxall, & Pa1lister, J. G. (2010). Explaining Internet Banking Behavior: Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, or Technology Acceptance Model? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(5), 1172-1202. Yulihasri, Islam, M. A., & Daud, K. A. K. (2011 ). Factors that Influence Customers' Buying Intention on Shopping Online International Journal of Marketing Studies 3(1), 128-139. Zakaria, N., & Stanton, J. M. (2003). Designing and implementing culturally-sensitive IT applications. The interaction of culture values and privacy issues in the Middle East. Information Technology & People, 16(1),49-75. Zakour, A. B. (2004). Cultural Differences and Information Technology Acceptance. Paper presented at the 7th Annual Conference of the Southern Association for Information Systems. Zhou, L., Dai, L., & Zhang, D. (2007). Online Shopping Acceptance Model-A Critical Survey of Consumer Factors in , Online Shopping. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 8(1), 41-62. Zikmund William, G. (2003). Business research methods: Mason: Thomson SouthWestern. Zolait, A. H. S., Mattila, M., & Sulaiman, A. (2009). The Effect of User's Informational-Based Readiness on Innovation Acceptance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(1), 76-10. |