Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia

Gender Mainstreaming (GM) is the process of assessing the implications of gender equality and empowerment for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programs in organizations and at the national and international levels. Gender mainstreaming, which was launched in 19...

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Main Author:	Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2014
Subjects:	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia)
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/1/1743.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/13/1743_abstract.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.4120
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Ramli, Rashila
topic	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia)
spellingShingle	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia) Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
description	Gender Mainstreaming (GM) is the process of assessing the implications of gender equality and empowerment for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programs in organizations and at the national and international levels. Gender mainstreaming, which was launched in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, is a global strategy used to promote gender equality. This study focuses on the implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming (GM) in Malaysia through an open system which is influenced by national and international issues. Although the concept was introduced in 1995, but the process was already started after independence, in 1956, in Malaysia. Though the GM has already happen, but until the year 2013, the issue of gender equality has yet to be resolved by Malaysia. Therefore, this study focuses on the implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming (GM) in Malaysia through an open system influenced by international and domestic issues. Three questions were posed through the study of the problems on (i) How do the Gender Mainstreaming implementation process occur in Malaysia in general?; (ii) To what extent does the Gender Mainstreaming occurred at the decision-making levels in public organizations in Malaysia? and; (iii) Does the Gender Mainstreaming process that occurs in the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia (MOSTI) impacted on the power empowerment among decision-makers in both organizations? The research has three objectives. Firstly, the study examines an understanding of gender mainstreaming as a global approach that has been adapted within the Malaysian context. Secondly, the research analyzes the levels between implementation and practice in two case studies involving the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOSTI). Thirdly, this study analyzes the impact of GM on women’s empowerment in the public sector. In order to achieve these objectives, this study offers a theoretical framework adopted from a Model of Political System and Policy by Birkland (2001); Max Weber Theory (1946) and; the level of empowerment, by Sara Longwe (1991). The research is based on a qualitative research design. It used Inductive Thematic Analysis (ITA) and narrative analysis. Both methods are used to analyze interviews and analysis of content of various sources such as books, journals, documents at, and official statements. The collected data is the primary and secondary. Informants selected were mthe decision makers in both the ministries. The results from this study indicate several things. Firstly, the open system has forced a political process to take place in the formulation of a policy with a gender perspective. The implementation of this policy becomes the responsibility of all ministries in Malaysia. Secondly, the study indicates that gender mainstreaming has left greater impact in MOE compared to MOSTI because MOE is able to take into consideration the international and national discourse on gender due to its open organizational system. Thus, MOE is able to develop a number of gender responsive policies. Research finding also point out to the fact that women’s empowerment and gender awareness, especially through the role played by Gender Focal Persons (GFP) are significant factors in the successful implementation of gender mainstreaming at the organizational level. The study also shows that there is a disjuncture between implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming due to reliance on different actors at the leadership and management levels, implementers and the objectives of target organizations. Finally, the impact of gender mainstreaming process in both organizations is achieving the second level of the empowerment that are, the levels of welfare and access. The achievements up to the second level shows that the gender mainstreaming process need to be improved so that the level of empowerment could be achieved until to the level of acquiring power.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Ph.D.
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail
author_facet	Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail
author_sort	Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail
title	Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
title_short	Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
title_full	Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
title_fullStr	Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia
title_sort	perlaksanaan dan amalan gender mainstreaming: kajian ke atas sektor awam di malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
granting_department	Institut Kajian Malaysia dan Antarabangsa
publishDate	2014
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/1/1743.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/13/1743_abstract.pdf
_version_	1747827683575726080
spelling	my-uum-etd.41202016-04-24T07:56:13Z Perlaksanaan dan amalan Gender Mainstreaming: Kajian ke atas sektor awam di Malaysia 2014 Nur Syakiran Akmal, Ismail Ramli, Rashila Institut Kajian Malaysia dan Antarabangsa JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia) Gender Mainstreaming (GM) is the process of assessing the implications of gender equality and empowerment for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programs in organizations and at the national and international levels. Gender mainstreaming, which was launched in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, is a global strategy used to promote gender equality. This study focuses on the implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming (GM) in Malaysia through an open system which is influenced by national and international issues. Although the concept was introduced in 1995, but the process was already started after independence, in 1956, in Malaysia. Though the GM has already happen, but until the year 2013, the issue of gender equality has yet to be resolved by Malaysia. Therefore, this study focuses on the implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming (GM) in Malaysia through an open system influenced by international and domestic issues. Three questions were posed through the study of the problems on (i) How do the Gender Mainstreaming implementation process occur in Malaysia in general?; (ii) To what extent does the Gender Mainstreaming occurred at the decision-making levels in public organizations in Malaysia? and; (iii) Does the Gender Mainstreaming process that occurs in the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia (MOSTI) impacted on the power empowerment among decision-makers in both organizations? The research has three objectives. Firstly, the study examines an understanding of gender mainstreaming as a global approach that has been adapted within the Malaysian context. Secondly, the research analyzes the levels between implementation and practice in two case studies involving the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOSTI). Thirdly, this study analyzes the impact of GM on women’s empowerment in the public sector. In order to achieve these objectives, this study offers a theoretical framework adopted from a Model of Political System and Policy by Birkland (2001); Max Weber Theory (1946) and; the level of empowerment, by Sara Longwe (1991). The research is based on a qualitative research design. It used Inductive Thematic Analysis (ITA) and narrative analysis. Both methods are used to analyze interviews and analysis of content of various sources such as books, journals, documents at, and official statements. The collected data is the primary and secondary. Informants selected were mthe decision makers in both the ministries. The results from this study indicate several things. Firstly, the open system has forced a political process to take place in the formulation of a policy with a gender perspective. The implementation of this policy becomes the responsibility of all ministries in Malaysia. Secondly, the study indicates that gender mainstreaming has left greater impact in MOE compared to MOSTI because MOE is able to take into consideration the international and national discourse on gender due to its open organizational system. Thus, MOE is able to develop a number of gender responsive policies. Research finding also point out to the fact that women’s empowerment and gender awareness, especially through the role played by Gender Focal Persons (GFP) are significant factors in the successful implementation of gender mainstreaming at the organizational level. The study also shows that there is a disjuncture between implementation and practice of gender mainstreaming due to reliance on different actors at the leadership and management levels, implementers and the objectives of target organizations. Finally, the impact of gender mainstreaming process in both organizations is achieving the second level of the empowerment that are, the levels of welfare and access. The achievements up to the second level shows that the gender mainstreaming process need to be improved so that the level of empowerment could be achieved until to the level of acquiring power. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/1/1743.pdf text eng validuser https://etd.uum.edu.my/4120/13/1743_abstract.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Anon.Wanita Hanya Isi Kekosongan Jawatan. 24 Febuari 2010. Utusan Malaysia. Anon.Ustaz dipercayai liwat pelajar ditahan. 2008, 11 Ogos 2008. Berita harian. Anon. 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