The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor
The purpose of the study is twofold. First, to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation, and second to examine the mediating effect of knowledge management enabler between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among emp...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | eng eng |
Published: |
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/1/s93347.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/2/s93347_abstract.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-uum-etd.4338 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
collection |
UUM ETD |
language |
eng eng |
advisor |
Mahmood, Rosli |
topic |
HB615-715 Entrepreneurship Risk and uncertainty Property HD58.7 Organizational Behavior. |
spellingShingle |
HB615-715 Entrepreneurship Risk and uncertainty Property HD58.7 Organizational Behavior. Shathees, Baskaran The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
description |
The purpose of the study is twofold. First, to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation, and second to examine the mediating effect of knowledge management enabler between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial
orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in the state of Johor. Fifteen hypotheses were formulated; that there is significant relationships between organizational characteristics (work discretion, resource/time availability, management support and reward/reinforcement) and entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, risk-
taking and proactiveness) and knowledge management enabler mediates the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation. The data for the quantitative study were collected from an online internet-based web survey questionnaire through a
simple random sampling method. The population consisted of all employees who were working in the three cement manufacturing companies under study. The total number of
respondents was 257 out of 300 employees randomly selected. An overall response rate of 70.4 per cent was obtained. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to analyze the survey data while ensuring that all the necessary assumptions are met. The results indicated that nine out of fifteen hypotheses tested were supported. Generally, the study provides empirical evidence that there is significant relationship between organizational characteristics and
entrepreneurial orientation. Knowledge management enabler was also found to partially mediate the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial
orientation. Theoretical and managerial contributions were discussed as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) |
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Shathees, Baskaran |
author_facet |
Shathees, Baskaran |
author_sort |
Shathees, Baskaran |
title |
The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
title_short |
The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
title_full |
The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
title_fullStr |
The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
title_full_unstemmed |
The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor |
title_sort |
relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in johor |
granting_institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
granting_department |
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/1/s93347.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/2/s93347_abstract.pdf |
_version_ |
1776103638515580928 |
spelling |
my-uum-etd.43382023-01-15T02:24:24Z The relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in Johor 2014 Shathees, Baskaran Mahmood, Rosli Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HB615-715 Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property HD58.7 Organizational Behavior. The purpose of the study is twofold. First, to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation, and second to examine the mediating effect of knowledge management enabler between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation among employees of cement manufacturers in the state of Johor. Fifteen hypotheses were formulated; that there is significant relationships between organizational characteristics (work discretion, resource/time availability, management support and reward/reinforcement) and entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, risk- taking and proactiveness) and knowledge management enabler mediates the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation. The data for the quantitative study were collected from an online internet-based web survey questionnaire through a simple random sampling method. The population consisted of all employees who were working in the three cement manufacturing companies under study. The total number of respondents was 257 out of 300 employees randomly selected. An overall response rate of 70.4 per cent was obtained. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to analyze the survey data while ensuring that all the necessary assumptions are met. The results indicated that nine out of fifteen hypotheses tested were supported. Generally, the study provides empirical evidence that there is significant relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation. Knowledge management enabler was also found to partially mediate the relationship between organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial orientation. Theoretical and managerial contributions were discussed as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/1/s93347.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4338/2/s93347_abstract.pdf text eng public dba dba Universiti Utara Malaysia Abd Aziz, S. & Mahmood, R. (2011). The relationship between business model and performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 5(22), pp. 8918-8932. Aber, J.W. (1996). Building a risk management culture. Bankers Magazine, Vol. 179, pp. 3-6. Acharya, A. (1999). Indian Cement Industry-Present and the Past. Indian Cenzent Review, Annual, pp. 63-64. Addicot, R., McGivern, G., & Ferlie, E. (2006). Networks, Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management: NHS Cancer Networks. Public Money & Management, Vol. 26(2), pp. 87-94. Adler, P.S. (1999)Building better bureaucracies. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 13(4), pp. 36-47. Agapiou. A. (2002). Perceptions of gender roles and attitudes toward work among male and female operatives in the Scottish construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 20. pp. 697-705. Ahmed. P.K. (1998). Culture and climate for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 1(1), pp. 30-43. Al-Alawi, A.I. (2005). The practice and challenges of knowledge management in financial sectors in Bahrain. Asian Journal of lnformation Systems, Vol. 4(1), pp. 101-107. Alavi, M. & Leidner, D. (2001). Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25(1), pp. 107-136. Aldrich, H. & Wiedenmayer, G. (1993). From traits to rates: an ecological perspective on organizational foundings. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, Vol. 1, pp. 145-95. Allee, V. (1997). Knowletlge evolution: Expanding organizational Intelligence. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Allison, P. (1999). Comparing Logit and Probit Coefficients across Groups. Sociological Methods and Research, Vol. 28(2), pp. 186-208. Almeida, P. (1996). Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 166-165. Alpkan, L., Bulut, C., Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., & Kilic, K. (2010). Organizational Support for Intrapreneurship and its Interaction with Human Capital to Enhance Innovative Performance. Management Decision, Vol. 48(5), pp. 732-755. Alpkan, L., Yilmaz, C., & Kaya, N. (2007). Market Orientation and Planning Flexibility in SMEs: Performance Implications and an Empirical Investigation. International Small Business Journal, Vol. 25(2), pp. 152-172. Alstete, J. W. (2002). On becoming an entrepreneur: an evolving typology. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 8(4), pp. 222-234. Althouse, L.A., Ware, W.B., & Ferron, J.M. (1998). A Monte Carlo comparison of the g² and K² tests for normality. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA. Alvarez, A.A., & Busenitz, L.W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource- based theory. Journal of Management, Vol. 27(6), pp. 755-775. Alvarez, S.A., & Barney, J.B. (2001). How entrepreneurial firms can benefit from alliances with large partners. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 15(1), pp. 139-148. Amit, R. & Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14(1), pp. 33-46. Amo, B.W. (2006a). Employee innovation behaviour in health care: The influence from management and colleagues. International Council of Nurses, Vol. 53, pp. 231-237. Anandji, C. (2006). Management accounting glossary. [Online]. Available www:http://services .eliteral.com/glossary/managerial-accounting-glossary.php (Accessed 5 May 2013). Andersen, 0, & Kheam, L.S. (1998). Resource-based theory and international growth strategies: An exploratory study. International Business Review, Vol. 7, pp. 163-184. Anderson, M.A. & Goldsmith, A.H. (1997). Mr. Keynes' Theory of Investment: Do Forward Looking Expectations and Weight Really Matter. Journal of Economic Psychology. Vol. 18(5), pp. 547-74. Andrews, R. (2010). Organizational Social Capital, Structure and Performance. Human Relations, Vol. 63(5), pp. 583-608. Ansoff, H.I, & McDonnel, E. (1990). Implanting Strategic Management, Second edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R.D. (2002). Intrapreneurship: Construct refinement and crosscultural validation. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16, pp. 495-527. Antoncic, B. (2007). Intrapreneurship: A comparative structural equation modeling study. Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107(3), pp. 309-325. Antoncic, B., & Hisrich, R.D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Journal of small business and enterprise development, Vol. 10(1), pp. 7-24. Appelbaum, E, Bailey, T, Berg, P, & Kalleberg, A.L. (2000). Manufacturing Advantage. Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off: Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 2000. Arad, S., Hanson, M.A. & Schneider, R.J. (1997). A framework for the study of relationships between organizational characteristics and organizational innovation. The Journal of Creative Behaviour, Vol. 31(1), pp. 42-58. Arbaugh, J.B., Cox, L.W., & Camp, S.M. (2005). Nature or nurture? Testing the direct and interaction effects of entrepreneurial orientation, national culture, and growth strategy on value creation. In S. A. Zahra, C. G. Brush, R. T. Harrison, J. E. Sohl, P. Davidsson, M. Lerner, J. Wiklund, J. Fiet, C. M. Mason, M. Wright, P. C. Greene & D. Shepherd (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research Wellesley, MA: Babson College. Argote, L., & Epple, D. (1990). Learning Curves in Manufacturing. Science, Vol. 247(23), pp. 920-924. Armstrong, J.S., & Overton, T.S. (1977). Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, pp 396-402. Arthur D. Little (1998). Knowledge management: reaping the benefits. Prism, Arthur D. Little, Second Quarter. Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. Atif, A., Richards, D., & Bilgin, A. (2012). Estimating Non-Response Bias in a Web-based Survey of Technology Acceptance: A Case Study of Unit Guide Information Systems. 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Geelong. Atuahene-Gima, K. & Ko, A. (2001) An empirical investigation of the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation alignment on product innovation. Organization Science, Vol. 12(1), pp. 54-74. Awang, A., Khaluid, A.A.. Yusof, A.A., Kassim, K.M., Ismail. M., Zain, R.S., & Madar, R.R.S. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance Relations of Malaysian Bumiputera SMEs: The Impact of Some Perceived Environmental Factors. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4(9), pp. 84-96. Bahrami, H., & Evans, S. (1987). Stratocracy in high-technology firms. California Management Review, Vol. 30(1), pp. 51-66. Bailey, K. 1987. Methods of Social Research. 3rd ed. New York: Free Press. Bain, J.S. (1968). Industrial Organization, Wiley & Sons, New York. Bair, J. (1997). Knowledge management: The era of shared ideas. Forbes. Vol. 160(6), pp. Baker, T., & Nelson, R.E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource Construction through Entrepreneurial Bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 50(3), pp. 329-366. Barnett V., & Lewis T. (1994). Outliers in Statistical Data. 3rd Edition, John Wiley. Barney, J.B. (1986). Strategic factor markets: expectations luck and business strategy. Management Science, Vol. 32(10), pp. 1231-1241. Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol. 17(1), pp. 99-120. Baron, R.M. & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51(6), pp. 1173-1182. Barrett, H., & Weinstein, A. (1998). The effect of market orientation and organizational flexibility on corporate entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23(1), pp. 57-70. Barringer, B.R., & Bluedorn, A.C. (1999). The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20(5), pp. 421-444. Barringer, M.S., & Milkovich, G.T. (1998). A theoretical exploration of the adoption and design of flexible benefit plans: a case of human resource innovation. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23(2), pp. 305-324. Bartlett, M.S. (1954). A note on multiplying factors for various chi-squared approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 16, pp. 296-298. 2Baskerville, R. & Dulipovici, A. (2006). The theoretical foundations of knowledge management. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 4(2), pp. 83-105. Baughn, C.C., Cao, J.S.R., Le, L.L.M., Lim, V.A., & Neupert, K.E. (2006). Normative, social and cognitive predictors of entrepreneurial interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11(1), pp. 57-77. Baum, J., Locke, E., & Smith, K. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44(2), pp. 292-303. Baumol, W.J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98(5), pp. 893-921. Baxter, L.A., & Babbie, E.R. (2004). The basics of communication research. New York: Wadsworth/Thomson. Beard, J. & Sumner, M. (2004). Seeking strategic advantage in the post-net era: viewing ERP systems from the resources-based perspective. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 13(2), pp. 129-150. Becherer, R.C., & Maurer, J.G. (1999). The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol 37(1), pp. 28-36. Beckman, T. (1997). A Methodology for Knowledge management. International Association of Science and Technology for Development (IASTED) A1 and Soft Computing Conference. Banff, Canada. Berenson, M.L., Levine, D.M., & Krehbiel, T.C. (2004). Basic Business Statistics: Concepts and Applications, 8e, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Berger, P. L. & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. Berrens, R., Bohara, A.H., Jenkins-Smith, Silva, C., & Weimer, D. (2003). The Advent of Internet Surveys for Political Research: A Comparison of Telephone and internet Samples. Political Analysis, Vol. 11, pp. 1-22. Bhardwarj, B.R., Sushil. & Momaya, K. (2007). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Application of Moderator Method. Singapore Management Review, Vol. 29(1), pp. 47-58. Bhide, Amar (1994). Bootsrap Finance: The Art of Start-Ups, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 7(6), pp. 109-117. Bhuian, S.N., Menguc, B., & Bell, S.J. (2005). Just entrepreneurial enough: The moderating effect of entrepreneurship on the relationship between market orientation and performance. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, pp. 9-17. Billikopf, G. (2006). Empowerment and Delegation. Labor Management in Agriculture: Cultivating Personnel Productivity. The Regents of the University of California. Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13(3), pp. 442-453. Birkinshaw, J. (1997). Entrepreneurship in multinational corporations: The characteristics of subsidiary initiatives. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, pp. 207-229. Black, T.R. (1999). Doing quantitative research in the social sciences: an integrated approach to research design, measurement and statistics. London: Sage Publications. Block, Z., & Ornati, O.A. (1987). Compensating corporate venture managers. Journal qf Business Venturing, Vol. 2(1), pp. 41-51. Bluman, A.G. (2009). Elementary Statistics. A step by step approach (7th edition). USA: McGraw-Hill. Bock, G. (2001). Determinants of the Individual's Knowledge Sharing Behavior in the Organization: The Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Ph.D. Dissertation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Bon, R. (1992). The future of international construction: Secular patterns of growth and decline. Habitat International, Vol. 16(3), pp. 119. Borg, W.R., & M.D. Gall. (1979). Educational Research. 3rd edition. White Plains, NY: Longman. Bosma, N.S., Stam E., & Wennekers, S. (2012). Intrapreneurship versus independent entrepreneurship: A cross-national Analysis of individual entrepreneurial behavior, Tjalling C. Koopmans Institute Discussion Paper Series 11-04, Utrecht School of Economics, Utrecht University. Bostjan, A. & Hisrich, R.D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement and Cross cultural Validation. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16, pp.5-495. Bostrom, R., & Heinen, J. (1977). MIS problems and failures: a socio-technical perspective. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 1(3), pp. 17-32. Bourgeois, L. (1980). Strategy and environment: A conceptual integration. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 5(1), pp. 25-39. Bowling, A. (1997). Research Methods in Health. Open University Press, Buckingham. Bozbura, F.T. (2007). Knowledge management practices in Turkish SMEs. Journal of Enterprise information, Vol. 2(2), pp. 209-221. Brazeal, D & Herbert, T. (1999) The genesis of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 22(3), pp.29-45. Bresnahan, I. (1997). The elusive muse. CIO, Vol. 11(2), pp. 50-56. Brockhaus, R.H. (1980). Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 23(3), pp. 509-520. Brockhaus, R.H. (1982). The Psychology of the Entrepreneuship in C. Kent. D.L. Sexton, and K.H. Vesper, Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Brockman, B.K. & Morgan, R.M. (2003). The role of existing knowledge in new product innovativeness and performance. Decision Science, Vol. 34(2), pp. 385-420. Brown, D.L. (1983). Managing Conflict at Organizational Interfaces, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Brown, J.D. (1996). Testing in language programs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents. Brown, J.D., Cunha, M.I.A., & Frota, S. de F.N. (2001). The development and validation of a Portuguese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition. Honolulu, HI: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, University of Hawaii Press. Brown, S.L. & Eisenhardt, K.M. (1995). Product development: past research, present findings, and future directions. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, pp. 343-378. Brynjolfsson, E. & Brown, P. (2005). VII Pillars of IT Productivity. Optimize, Vol. 4(5), pp. 26-35. Bueno, E. & Ordofiez, P. (2004). Innovation and learning in the knowledge-based economy: Challenges for the firm. International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 276(7), pp. 531-533. Building Materials Distributors Association of Malaysia (2012). Cement Prices to go up? Retrieved on the 20, December, 201 3 from http://www.bmdam.org.my/v2/news. Burgelman, R.A. & Say les, L.R. (1986). Inside Corporate Innovation: Strategy, Structure, and Managerial Skills. Free Press, New York, NY. Burgelman, R.A. (1983a). Corporate Entrepreneurship and strategic management: Insights from a process study. Management Science, Vol. 29(12), pp. 1349-1364. Burgelman, R.A. (1983b). A process model of internal corporate venturing in the diversified major firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28(2), pp. 223-244. Burgelman. R.A. (1984). Designs for corporate entrepreneurship. California Management Review, Vol. 26(2), pp. 154-166. Burgelman, R.A., & Sayles, L.R. (1986). Inside corporate innovation: Strategy, structure and managerial skills. New York: Free Press. Burnes, B. (1996). Managing Change, Second Edition, Pitman Publishing. Burns, N. & Grove, S.K. (1997). The Practice of Nursing Research Conduct, Critique, & Utilization. W.B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia. Burns, T., & Stalker, G.M. (1961). The management of innovation. London: Tavistock Publications. Busenitz, L.W. & Barney, J.W. (1997). Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12(1), pp. 9-30. Bygrave, W.D., Reynolds, P.D., & Autio, E. (2004). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2003 Executive Report, Babson College: London. Cahill, D. (1996). Entrepreneurial orientation or pioneer advantage. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21(3), pp. 603-605. Calnan, M. (1988). Towards a conceptual framework of lay evaluation of health care. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 27, pp. 927-933. Campbell, SM., Braspenning, J., Hutchinson, A., & Marshall, M. (2002). Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. Quality Safety Health Care, Vol. 11(4), pp. 358-364. Carey, J.W. (1993). Linking qualitative and quantitative methods: Integrating cultural factors into public health. Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 3, pp. 298-318. Carrier, C. (1996). Intrapreneurship in Small Businesses: An Exploratory study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 21, pp. 1-5. Caruana, A., Ewing, M.T, & Ramaseshan, B. (2001). Effects of some environmental challenges and centralization on the entrepreneurial orientation and performance of public sector entities. The Service Industries Journal, Vol. 22(2), pp. 43-58. Casson, M.C. & Wadeson, N. (2007). The Discovery of Opportunities: Extending the Economic Theory of the Entrepreneur. Small Business Economics, Vol. 28(4), pp. 285-300. Cavana, R.Y. Delahaye, B.L., & Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia (2008/2009/2010). Cement Sales Report, December 2010. Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia, Members Directory, retrieved from http://www.cnca.org.my/dir.html. Certo, T.S., Moss, T.W., & Short, J. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: An Applied Perspective. Business Horizons, Vol. 52(4), pp. 319-324. Chadwick, K., Dwyer, S., & Barnett, T, (1999). An empirical investigation among entrepreneurial orientation, organizational culture, and firm performance. AOM proceedings of the 1999 conference. Chan, I., & Chau, P.Y.K. (2005). Getting knowledge management right: Lessons from failure. The International Journal Knowledge Management, Vol. 1(3), pp. 40-54. Chan, Y. & Reich, B. (2007). State of the art IT alignment, what have we learned. Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 22, pp. 297-315. Chandler, A.A., Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of American Industrial Enterprise, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Chandler, G.N., Keller, C., & Lyon, D.W. (2000). Unraveling the determinants and consequences of an innovation-supportive organizational culture. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 25(1), pp. 59-76. Chen, C.N., Tzeng, L.C., Ou, W.M., & Chang, K.T. (2007). The Relationship among Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Resources and Entrepreneurial Performance for New Ventures. Comtemporary Management Research, Vol. 3(3), pp. 213-232. Chiao, Y.C., Yang, K.P., & Yu, C.M.J. (2006). Performance, internationalization, and Firmspecific Advantage of SMEs in a Newly-Industrialized Economy. Small Business Economics. Vol. 26(5), pp. 475-492. Child, J. (1972). Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice. Sociology, Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-22. Chisholm T.A. (1987). Intrapreneurship and Bureaucracy. Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 52(3), pp. 36-41. Chong, S.C. (2006). KM critical success factors: A comparison of perceived importance versus implementation in Malaysian ICT companies. Journal of learning organization, Vol. 13(3), pp. 230-256. Chrisholm, A., & Nielsen, K. (2009). Social capital and the resource-based view of the firm. International Studies of Management and Organisation, Vol. 39(2), pp. 7-32. Christensen, M. & T. Knudsen. (2010). Design of Decision-Making Organizations. Management Science, Vol. 56(1), pp. 71-89. Clark, A.M. (1998). The qualitative-quantitative debate: Moving from positivism and confrontation to post-positivism and reconciliation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 27(6), pp. 1242-1249. Clausen, T.H. & Madsen, E.L. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation & Firm Performance: A Dynamic Perspective. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Vol. 31(12), pp. 365-375. Coakes, S.J. & Steed, L.G. (2003). SPSS: analysis without anguish: version 11.0 for Windows. Brisbane: Jacaranda Wiley. Coakes, S.J., Steed, L., & Dzidic, P. (2006). SPSS Version 13.0 for Windows: Analysis without anguish. India: Wiley-India. Cohen, D. & Prusak, L. (2001). In Good Company, How social capital makes organizations work, Harvard Business School Press. Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative Methods in Psychology: A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 112(1), pp. 155- 159. Collinson, D.L. & Haern, J. eds. (1996). Men as Managers, Managers as Men: Critical Perspectives on Men, Masculinities and Managements. London: SAGE. Collis, D. (1991). A resource-based analysis of global competition. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12 (Special Issue), pp. 49-68. Collis, D.J., & Montgomery, C.A. (1995). Competing on resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 73(4), pp. 110-135. Companys Y, & McMullen J. (2007). Strategic entrepreneurs at work: the nature, discovery, and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Small Business Economics, Vol. 28(4), pp. 301-322. Cook, D.A. & Reckman, T.J. (2006). Current Concepts in Validity and Reliability for Psychometric Instruments: Theory and Application. The American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 119, 166.e7- 166.e 16. Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2006). Business Research Methods (9th edition). USA: Coulthard, M. (2007). The role of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance and the potential influence of relational dynamism. Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol. 3(1), pp. 29-39. Couper, M.P. (2000). Web Surveys: A Review of Issues and Approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 64, pp. 464-494. Covin, J.G., & Covin, T.J. (1990). Competitive aggressiveness, environmental context, and firm performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Summer, pp. 35-50. Covin, J.G., & Miles, M.P. (1999). Corporate Entrepreneurship and Pursuit of Competitive Advantage. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, Vol. 23(3), pp. 47-64. Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1986). The Development and Testing of an Organizational-level Entrepreneurship Scale, in R. Ronstadt, J. A. Hornaday, R. Peterson and K. H. Vesper (eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, pp. 628-639. Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 25(3), pp. 217-234. Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 10(1), pp. 75-87. Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 16(1), pp. 7-24. Covin, J.G., Green, K.M., & Slevin, D.P. (2006). Strategic Process Effects on the Entrepreneurial Orientation-Sales Growth Rate Relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 30(1), pp. 57-81. Covin, J.G., Prescott, J.E., & Slevin, D.P. (1990). The effects of technological sophistication on strategic profiles, structure and firm performance. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 27(5), pp. 485-507. Covin, J.G., Slevin. D.P., & Schultz, R.L. (1994). Implementing strategic missions: Effective strategic, structural, and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 31(4), pp. 481-503. Crant, M.J. (1996). The Proactive Personality Scale as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 34(3), pp. 42-49. Crant, M..I. (2000). Proactive behaviour in organizations. Journal of Management, Vol. 26(3), pp. 435-462. Creed, W.E., & Miles, R.E. (1996). Trust In Organizations: A Conceptua1 Framework Linking Organizational Forms, Managerial Philosophies, And The Opportunity Costs Of Controls. In Kramer, R.M. & Tyler, T.R. (Ed.), Trust In Organizations: Frontiers Of Theory And Research, 16-38. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Crossan, M., Lane, H., & White, R. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 24, pp. 522-537. Cunningham, J.B. & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 29(1), pp. 45-61. CW Group (2012). Malaysia Cement Market and Forecast. CW Group Market Report, Las Vegas, USA. Czaja, R. & Blair J. (1996). Designing surveys: a guide to decisions and procedures. California, Pine Forge Press. Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinant and moderators. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34(3), pp. 555-590. Daniels, A.C. & Daniels, J.E. (2006). Positive Reinforcement: Misunderstood And Misused. American Society for Training and Development, Vol. 16(3), pp. 16. Darroch, J. (2003). Developing a measure of knowledge management behaviors and practices. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 7(5), pp. 41-54. Darroch, J. (2005). Knowledge management, innovation and firm performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9(3), pp. 101-115. Das, T.K. & Teng, B.S. (1997). Time and entrepreneurial risk behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 22(2), pp. 69-88. Davenport, T (1994). Saving IT's Soul: Human-Centered Information Management. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 119, pp. 27-33. Davenport, T.H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. (2001). Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: current research practice and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 25(4), pp. 81- 100. Davis, J.L., Bell, R.G., Payne, G.T., & Kreiser, P.M. (2010). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Managerial Power. American Journal of Business, Vol. 25(2), pp. 41-54. Day, G. & Wensley, R. (1988). Assessing advantage: a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 52(2), pp. 1-20. Day, G. (1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58(4), pp. 37-52. De Clercq, D., Sapienza. H.J., & Crijns, H. (2003). The internalionalization of small and medium sized firms. Working paper, Vlerick Leuven Gent. De Geus, A.P. (1988). Planning as Learning, Harvard Business Review, March/April, pp. 70-74. De Jong, J. & Hartog, D.N. (2007). How Leaders Influence Employees' Innovative Behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 10(1), pp. 41-64. De Jong, J. & Wennekers, S. (2008). Intrapreneurship: Conceptualizing Entrepreneurial Employee Behaviour. Scales Research Reports H200802, EIM Business and Policy Research. De Jong, J.P.J. (2007). Individual Innovation: The Connection between Leadership and Employees' Innovative work Behaviour. PhD Thesis, Zoetermeer: EIM. Demarest, M. (1997). Understanding knowledge management. Long Range Planning, Vol. 30(3), pp. 374-384. Demirci, A.E. (2013). In Pursuit of Corporate Entrepreneurship: How Employees Perceive the Role of Formalization and Centralization. Journal of Management Research, Vol. 5(3), pp. 115-133. Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In: N. Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 1-17. Deshpande, R., Farley, J.U. & Bowman, D. (2004). Tigers, Dragons, and Others: Profiling high performance in Asian Firms. Journal of international Marketing, Vol. 12(3), pp 5- 29. Dess, G.G., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 19(1), pp. 147-156. Dess, G.G., Ireland, R.D., Zahra, S.A., Floyd, S.W, Janney, J.J., & Lane, P.J. (2003). Emerging issues in corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, Vol. 29(3), pp. 351-378. Dess, G.G., Lumpkin, G.T., & McGee, J.E. (1999). Linking corporate entrepreneurship to strategy, structure, and process: Suggested research directions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 23(3), pp. 85-102. Dess, T.K., & Teng, B.S. (1997). Time and entrepreneurial risk behavior. Entrepreneurship. Theory and Practice, Vol. 22(2), pp.69-88. DeTienne, K.R., Dyer, G., Hoopes, C., & Harris, S. (2004). Toward a model of effective knowledge management and directions for future research: Culture, leadership, and CKOs. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 10(4), pp. 26-43. DeVellis, R.F. (1991). Scale development. Newbury Park, NJ: Sage Publications. Dickson, P.R. (1992). Toward a theory of competitive rationality. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, pp. 69-83. Dickson, P.R. (1994). Marketing Management, Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press. Dillman, D. A. (2000). Mail and internet surveys: The tailored design method. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Dillman, D. A. (2007). Mail and Internet surveys: The tailored design method. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Dimitratos, P., Lioukas, S., & Carter, S. (2004). The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and International Performance: The Importance of Domestic Environment. International Business Review, Vol. 13(1), pp. 19-41. Dlamini, S. (2012). Relationship of Construction Sector to Economic Growth. International Congress on Construction Management, Canada. Dodd, C. (2005). Export Market Orientation and Performance. An Analysis of Australian Exporters, ANZMAC Conference in Marketing in International and Cross-Cultural Environments. Dommeyer, C.J. & Moriarty, E. (2000) Comparing two forms of an e-mail survey: embedded vs. attached. The Market Research Society, Vol. 42(1), pp. 39-50. Donaldson, L. (2001). The Contingency Theory of Organization. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Douglas, E.J. & Morris, R.J. (2006). Workaholic or just hard worker? Career Development International, Vol. 11(5), pp. 394-417. Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Drucker. P. (1986). Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Harper and Row, New York, N.Y. Dufour, J.-M., Farhat, A., Gardiol, L., & Khalaf, L. (1998). Simulation-Based Finite Sample Normality Tests in Linear Regressions. The Econometrics Journal, Vol. 1, pp. 154-173. Dutton, J.E., & Duncan, R.B. (1987). The influence of the strategic planning process on strategic change. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 279-295. Earl, M. (2001). Knowledge management strategies: Toward taxonomy. Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18(1), pp. 215-223. Eckhardt, J., & Shane, S. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, Vol. 29(3), pp. 333-349. Edison, H., Nauman, A., & Torkar, R. (2013). Towards innovation measurement in the software industry. The Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 86, pp. 1390-1407. Eisenhardt, K.M., & Martin, J.A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21 (10/11), pp. 1105-1121. EMS (2013). Malaysia Industry Research: Cement Industry 1H 2013. Emerging Markets Direct, London. Eppler, M.J., & Sukowski, 0. (2000). Managing team knowledge: core processes, tools and enabling factors. European Management Journal, Vol. 18(3), pp. 334- 341. European Cement Bureau. Cement-industry-main- characteristics. Retrieved 26, December, 2013, from http://www.cembureau.be/about-cement/. Fable, C.M., & Larwood, L. (1995). The context of entrepreneurial vision. Paper presented at the Babson College Conference. Fahey, L., & Prusak, L. (1998). The eleven deadliest sins of knowledge management. California Management Review, Vol. 40(3), pp. 265-276. Fahy, J. (2002). A resource-based analysis of sustainable competitive advantage in a global environment. International Business Review, Vol. 11(1), pp. 57-78. Fiedler, F.E. (1964). A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 1(1), pp. 149-190. New York: Academic Press. Field, A. P. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: (and sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll). Los Angeles [i.e. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. Filipczak, B. (1997). It takes all kinds: Creativity in the work force. Training, Vol. 34(5), pp. 32-40. Filzmoser, P. (2004). A multivariate outlier detection method. In S. Aivazian, P. Filzmoser, and Yu. Kharin, editors, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computer Data Analysis and Modeling, volume 1, pp. 18-22, Belarusian State University, Minsk. Fleming, C., & Bowden, M. (2009). Web-Based Surveys as an Alternative to Traditional Mail Methods. Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 90, pp 284-292. Floyd, S.W., & Lane, P. J. (2000). Strategizing throughout the organization: Managing strategic renewal and strategic role conflict. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25(1), pp. 154-177. Flury, B. & Riedwyl, H. (1988). Multivariate Statistics A Practical Approach, London: Chapman and Hall. Foss, K. & Foss, N.J. (2000) Theoretical isolation in contract theory: Suppressing margins and entrepreneurship. Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol. 7, pp. 313-339. Foss, N.J. & Ishikawa, I. (2007). Towards a Dynamic Resource-based View: Insights from Austrian Capital and Entrepreneurship Theory. Organization Studies, Vol. 28(5), pp. 749-772. Foss, N.J. & Pedersen, T. (2002). Transferring knowledge in MNCs: The role of sources of subsidiary knowledge and organizational context. Journal of International Management, Vol. 8(1), pp. 49-67. Fowler, F.J. (2002). Survey research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Fraenkel, J.R., & Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill. Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001). Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. In B. M. Staw, & R.I. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 23, pp. 133-187). San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press. Frese, M., Garst, H. & Fay, D. (2000). Control and Complexity in Work and the Development of Personal Initiative (PI): A Four-Wave Longitudinal structural Equation Model of Occupational Socialization. Univ. of Giessen: submitted for publication. Fritscher, L. (2009). Positive Reinforcement. Retrieved October 17, 2013 from About.com: http://phobias.about.com/od/glossary/g/posreinforce.htm. Frohman, M. & Pascarella, P. (1990). Achieving purpose-driven innovation. Industry, Week, Vol. 239, pp. 20-24. Galbraith, J.R. & Nathanson, D. (1978). Strategy Implementation: The Role of Structure and Process, West Publishing Company, New York. Galunic, D.C. & Rodan, S. (1998). Resource recombination in the firm: Knowledge structures and the potential for Schumpeterian innovation. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 1193-1201. Galunic, D.C., & Eisenhardt, K.M. (1994). Renewing the strategy-structure-performance paradigm. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 16. Pp. 215-255. Garrett R.G. (1989). The chi-square plot: A tool for multivariate outlier recognition. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 32, pp. 319-341. Gartner, W.B. (1988). Who is an Entrepreneur? is the wrong question. American Small Business Journal, Vol. 12(4), pp. 11-31. Gartner, W.B. (1989). Some suggestions for research on entrepreneurial traits and characteristics. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 14(1), pp.27-37. Gartner, W.B. (2001). Is there an elephant in entrepreneurship research? Blind assumptions in theory development. Entrepreneurship Theory 6; Practice, Vol. 25(4), pp. 27-39. Gartner, W.B., Bird, B.J., & Starr, J. (1992). Acting as if: Differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship Theoy and Practice, Vol. 16(3), pp. 13-32. Gay, L. (1987). Educational research: competencies for analysis and application. Merrill Pub. Co..Columbus. Gebauer, H, Putz, F., Fischer, T.. & Fleisch, E. (2007). Service Orientation and Organizational Structures. Journal of Relationship Marketing, Vol. 8(2), pp. 103-126. Gehlbach, H. & Brinkworth, M.E. (2011). Measure Twice, Cut Down Error: A Process for Enhancing the Validity of Survey Scales. Review of General Psychology, Vol. 15(4), pp. 380-387. Gelder, J.L. (1 999). Fijian Entrepreneurship. Master Thesis, University of Amsterdam. George, B.A. (2006). Entrepreneurial orientation: A theoretical and empirical examination of the consequences of differing construct representations. Paper presented at the 2006 Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference. Bloomington, Indiana, June 8-10. George, G. Wood, D.R. Jr. & Khan, R. (2001) Networking strategy of Boards: lmplications for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 13(3), pp. 269-285. Ghauri, R., Gronhaug, K., & Kristianslund, I. (1995). Research methods in business studies: a practical guide. US: Prentice Hall. Gilbertson, D. (2002). Public Service lnnovation Concepts, lnnovative Processes Ltd. Ginsberg, A., & Venkatraman, N. (1985). Contingency perspective of organizational strategy: a critical review of the empirical research. Acadenzy of Management Review, Vol. 10(3), pp. 421-434. Goffee, R., & Jones, G. (1996). What holds the modern company together? Harvard Business Review, Vol. 74(6), pp. 133-148. Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, Vol. 8(4): 597-607. Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A.H. (2001). Knowledge management: an organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18(1), pp. 185-214. Goosen, C.J., DeConing, T.J. & Smit, E.M. (2002). Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: The role of management. South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 33(4), pp. 21-27. Goosen, G.J. (2002). Key factor intrapreneurship: The development of a systems model to facilitate the perpetuation of entrepreneurship in large South African organisations. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Stellenbosch. Gopal, C., & Gagnon, J. (1995). Knowledge, information, learning and the IS manager. Computeworld, Vol. 1(5), pp. 1-7. Grant, A.M., & Parker, S.K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. Academy of Management Annals, Vol. 3, pp. 273-331. Grant, R.M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, Vol. 33(3), pp. 114-135. Grant, R.M. (1996). Toward A Knowledge Based Theory Of The Firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 109-122. Green, K.M., Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (2008). Exploring the relationship between strategic reactiveness and entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 23(3), pp. 356-383. Green, R., David, J, Dent, M., & Tyshkovsky, A. (1996) The Russian entrepreneur: a study of psychological characteristics. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, Vol. 2(1), pp. 49-58. Greenberg, J. & Baron, R.A. (1997) Behavior in Organizations, 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Greene, P. & Brown. T.E. (1997). Resources needs and the dynamic capitalism typology. Journal of Business Venturing. Vol. 12(3), pp. 161-173. Gresov, C. & Drazin, R. (1997). Equifinality: Functional equivalence in organizational design. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22, pp. 403-428. Grubbs F.E., (1969), Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics, Vol. 11, pp. 1-21. Guadamillas, F.. Donate, M.J., Sanchez de Pablo, J.D. (2008) Knowledge management for corporate entrepreneurship and growth: A case study. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 15(1), pp. 32-44. Guba, E.G., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denziri & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). London: Sage. Hackman. R. & Oldham, G. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 159-170. Hackman, R. & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through Design of Work-Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 16(2), pp. 250-279. Hair, J.R., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education International. Hair, J.R.. Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate analysis. Upper saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hall, R. (1992). The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13(2). pp. 135-144. Hannabuss, S. (1987). Knowledge management. Library Management, Vol. 8(5), pp. 1-50. Hansen, M.T., & Oetinger, B. (2001). Introducing T-shaped managers: knowledge management's next generation. Haward Business Review, March, pp. 107-116. Hansen, R.A., Henley, A.C., Brouwer, E.S., Oraefo, A.N., & Roth, M.T. (2007). Geographic Information System Mapping as a Tool to Assess Nonresponse Bias in Survey Research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Vol. 3(3), pp. 249-264. Harrison, R.T., & Leitch, C.M. (1996). Discipline emergence in entrepreneurship: Accumulative fragmentalism or paradigmatic science? Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Change, Vol. 5(2), pp. 65-83. Hartman, S.J. & Nelson, B.H. (1996). Group decision making in the negative domain. Group and Organizational Management, Vol. 21(2), pp. 146-162. Hasanzadeh, Mohammad. (2010). Review of knowledge management infrastructure Islamic State of Iran. Bimonthly scientific research uf Shahed university, Vol. 16(35), pp. 11-27. Hawkins D., (1980), Identification of Outliers, Chapman and Hall. Hayton, J.C. & Kelley, D.J. (2006). A competency-based framework for promoting corporate entrepreneurship. Human Resource Management, Vol. 45(3): pp. 407. Hedlund, G.A (1994). Model of knowledge management and the N-form corporation. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15, pp. 73-90. Henderson, J. (2002). Building the Rural Economy with High-Growth Entrepreneurs. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Econoniic Review, 3rd quarter, pp. 45-70. Hill, J., Nancarrow, C. & Wright, L.T. (2002). Lifecycles and crisis point in SMEs: a case approach. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 20(6), pp. 361-9. Hills G.E, Lumpkin G.T, & Singh R.P. (1997). Opportunity recognition: perceptions and behaviors of entrepreneurs. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Vol. 17, pp. 168-182. Hindle K. (2004). A practical strategy for discovering, evaluating, and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities: research-based action guidelines. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 17, pp. 267-276 Hisrich, R.D. & Peters, M.P. (1986). Establishing a new business venture unit within a firm. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 1(3), pp. 307-322. Hisrich, R.D., & Peters, M.P. (1984). Internal venturing in large corporations. In Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, ed. J. A. Hornaday et al., 321-346. Wellesley, MA: Babson College. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., Camp, S.M., & Sexton, D.L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22(6/7), pp. 479-491. Hof, R.D. (2004). Now more than ever, innovation is the answer. Business Week, 1 March, pp. 62-63. Holsapple, C.W., & Joshi, K.D. (1999). Description and analysis of existing knowledge management frameworks. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Holsapple, C.W., & Joshi, K.D. (2000). An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organizations. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9(2-3), pp. 235-261. Holt, D.T., Rutherford, M.W., & Clohessy, G.R. (2007). Corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical look at individual characteristics, context, and process. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 13(4), pp. 40-54. Holton, E.H., & Burnett, M.B. (1997). Qualitative research methods. In R. A. Swanson, & E.F. Holton (Eds.), Human resource development research handbook: Linking research and practice. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Hong-yun Zhang & Nai-ding Yang (2010). Clarifying the Conceptualization and Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation. International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS), pp. 1-4. Hornsby, J. S., Naffziger, D.W., Kuratko, D.F., & Montagno. R.V. (1993). An interactive model of the corporate entrepreneurship process. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 17(2), pp. 29-37. Hornsby, J.S., & Naffziger, D.W. (1992). An interactive model of the corporate entrepreneurship process. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 17(2), pp.29-37. tiornsby, J.S., Kuratko, D.F., & Montagno, R.V. (1999). Perceptions of internal factors for corporate entrepreneurship: A comparison of Canadian and U.S. managers. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 24(2), pp. 9-24. Hornsby, J.S., Kuratko, D.F., & Zahra, S.A. (2002). Middle managers' perception of the internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship: Assessing a measurement scale. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17(3), pp. 253-273. Hornsby, J.S., Kuratko, D.F., Shepherd, D.A., & Bott, J.P. (2009). Managers' corporate entrepreneurial actions: Examining perception and position. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 24(3), pp. 236-247. Hughes, A. & Scott Morton, M.S. (2006). The transforming power of complementary assets, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 47(4), pp. 50-58. Hughes, M. & Morgan, R.E. (2007). Deconstructing the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance at the Embryonic Stage of Firm Growth. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 36(5), pp. 651-661. Hull, F.M., & Hage, J. (1982). Organizing for Innovation: Beyond the Burns and Stalker's Organic Type. Sociology, Vol. 16(4), pp. 564-577. Hult, G.T., Hurley, R.F., & Knight, G.A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 33, pp. 429-438. Hult, G.T., Snow, C. & Kandemir. D. (2003). The role of entrepreneurship in building cultural competitiveness in different organizational types, Journal of Management, Vol. 29(3), pp.401-426. Hurley, T.A., & Green, C.W. (2005). Knowledge Management and the Nonprofit Industry: A Within and Between Approach. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Vol. 41(2), pp. 212-228. Hutcheson, G.D., & Sofroniou, N. (1999). The Multivariate Social Scientist: an introduction to generalized linear models. Sage Publications. Ichijo, K, Krogh, G, & Nonaka,I. (1998). Knowledge enablers. In G. Krogh, J. Roos, and D. Kleine (eds.), Knowing in Firms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 173-203. Ifinedo, P. (2007). Interactions between organizational size, culture, and structure and some IT factors in the context of ERP success assessment: an exploratory investigation. Journal of Computer Information Systems. Vol. 47(4), pp. 28-44. Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations: A Conceptual Framework. Human Resource Development Review, Vol. 2, pp. 337. Ireland, R.D. & Webb, J.W. (2007). A cross disciplinary exploration of entrepreneurship research. Journal of Management, Vol. 33(6), pp. 891-927. Ireland, R.D. & Webb, J.W. (2007). Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation. Business Horizons, Vol. 50(1), pp. 49-59. Ireland, R.D., Covin, J.G., & Kuratko, D.F. (2009). Conceptualizing corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33(1), pp. 19-46. Ireland, R.D., Hitt, M.A., & Sirmon, D.G. (2003) A model of strategic entrepreneurship: The construct and its dimensions. Journal of Management, Vol. 29(6), pp. 963- 989. Ireland, R.D., Hitt, M.A., Camp, S.M. & Sexton D.L. (2001). Integrating entrepreneurship and strategic management actions to create firm wealth. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 15(1), pp. 49-63. Ireland, R.D., Kuratko, D.F., & Morris, M.H. (2006). A health audit for corporate entrepreneurship: innovation at all levels. Part 1. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol 27(1), pp. 10-17. Ireland, R.D., M.A. Hitt & D. Vaidyanath. (2002). Alliance Management as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management. Vol. 28(3), pp. 413-446. Isaac, S. & Michael, W.B. (1995). Hundbook in Research and Evaluation. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: EdITS. Jackman, M. (2010). Investigating the relationship between residential construction and economic growth in a small developing country: The case of Barbados. International Real Estate Review, Vol. 13(1), pp. 109-116. Jackson, P.R., Wall, T.D., Martin, R. & Davids, K. (1993). New Measures of Job Control, Cognitive Demand, and Production Responsibility. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, pp. 753-762. Janney, J.J. & Dess, G.G. (2006). The risk concept for entrepreneurs reconsidered: New challenges to the conventional wisdom. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21(3), pp. 385-400. Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behavior. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 73(3), pp. 287-302. Janssen, 0. (2005). The joint impact of perceived influence and supervisor supportiveness on employee innovative behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 78(4), pp. 573-579. Jantunen, A., Puumalainen, K., Saarenketo, S., & Kylaheiko, K. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capabilities and international performance. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, pp. 223-243. Janz, B.D., & Prasarnphanich, P. (2003). Understanding the antecedents of effective knowledge management: The importance of a knowledge-centered culture. Decision Sciences, Vol. 34(2). pp. 351-384. Jarvenpaa, S.L., and Staples, D.S. (2000). The use of collaborative electronic media for information sharing: an exploratory study of determinants. Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9(2/3), pp. 129-154. Jennings, D.F. & Lumpkin, J.R. (1989). Functionally modeling corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical integrative analysis. Journal of Management, Vol. 15(3), pp. 485-502. Jennings, R., Cox, C., & Cooper, C.L. (1994). Business elites: The psychology of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. London: Routledge. Jeong, I., Pae, J.H., & Zhou, D. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of the strategic orientations in new product development: The case of Chinese manufacturers. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 35(3), pp. 348-358. Jobe, J.B., & Mingay, D.J. (1991). Cognition and survey measurement: History and overview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 5(3), pp. 175-192. Johanson, G.A., & Brooks, G.P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 70(3), pp. 394-400. John. V.M., (2003). On the sustainability of the concrete. UNEP Journal of Industry and Environment, Vol. 1(1), pp. 2-7. Johnson R. (1992). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice Hall. Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and niixedapproaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2012). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches (4th edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jones, G.R., & Butler, J.E. (1992). Managing internal corporate entrepreneurship: agency theory perspective. Journal of Managament, Vol. 18(4), pp. 733-749. Jordan, J., and Jones, P. (1997). Assessing your company's knowledge management style. Long Range Planning, Vol. 30(3), pp. 392-398. Judge, W.Q., G.E. Gryxell & R.S., Dooley (1997). The New task of R & D Management: Creating Goal-directed Communities for Innovation. California Management Review, Vol. 39, pp.72-85. Junnarkar, B. (1997). Leveraging collective intellect by building organizational capabilities. Expert Systems with Applicalions, Vol. 13(l), pp. 29-40. Kabiru, J.R., Mohd Rizal, R., & Norlena, H. (2012). The Moderating Effect of IT Capability on the Relationship between Business Process Reengineering Factors and Organizational Performance of Banks. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 17(2), pp. 1-21. Kahn, K.B. (1996). Interdepartmental integration: a definition with implications for product development performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 13, pp. 137-151. Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrica, Vol. 39, pp. 31-36. Kanter, R.M. (1982). The middle manager as innovator. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 60(4), pp. 95-106. Kanter, R.M. (1983). The Changemasters, Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. Kanter, R.M. (1984). The Changemasters. New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster. Kanter, R.M. (1985). Supporting innovation and venture development in established companies. Journal ofBusiness Venturing, Vol. 1(1), pp. 47-60. Kanter, R.M. (2004). The middle manager as innovator. Haward Business Review, Vol. 82(7/8), pp. 150-161. Katz, J. & Gartner, W.B. (1988). Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13(3), pp. 429-441. Kazmi, A. (2002). Business Policy and Strategic Management. Second Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill. Kealey, D.J., & Protheroe, D.R. (1996). The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates: An assessment of the literature on the issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 20(2), pp. 141-165. Kecharanata, N. & Baker, H.G. (1999). Capturing entrepreneurial values. Journal of Applird Social Psychology, Vol. 29, pp. 820-833. Keh, H.T., Nguyen, T.T.M., Ng, H.P. (2007). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Marketing Information on the Performance of Smes. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 22(4), pp. 592- 611. Kendall, K.E. (1997). The Significance Of Information Systems Research On Emerging Technologies: Seven Information Technologies That Promise To Improve Managerial Effectiveness, Decision Sciences, Vol. 28(4), pp. 775-792. Kerlinger, F.N. (1973) Foundations of Behcrvioral Research. Second Edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Keskin, H. (2005). The relationships between explicit and tacit oriented KM strategy and Firm Performance. Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 7(1), pp 169-176 Ketchen, D.J.. Ireland, R.D., & Snow, C.C. (2007). Strategic entrepreneurship. collaborative innovation, and wealth creation. Stmtrgic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 1 (3/4), pp. 371-385. Khalid, K., Hilman, H., & Kumar, K.M. (2012). Get along with quantitative research process. International Journal of Research in Management, Vol. 2(2), pp. 15-29. Khalil, O.E.M. (1996). Innovative work environments: The role of information technology and systems. Sam Advanced Management Journal. Vol. 61(3), pp. 32-36. Khandwalla, P. N. (1976). Some top management styles, their context and performance. Organization and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 7(4), pp. 21-51. Khandwalla, P.N. (1977). The Design of Organizations, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Kitnberlin, C.L. & Winterstein, A.G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal qf Health-Systetn Pharmacy, Vol. 65(23), pp. 2276-2284. Kimberly, J.R. (1981): Managerial innovation, Handbook of organizational design, (1): 84-104. New York: Oxford University Press. King, W. (1999). Integrating Knowledge Management Into IS Strategy. Information Systems Management, Vol. 16(4), pp. 70-72. Kinyua, N.W. (2007). Strategic responses by the cement nianzlfacturing companies in Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/ l23456789/12431. Kirzner, I.M. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. Journal qfEconomic Literature, Vol. 35(1), pp. 60-85. Klein, K.J., & Kozlowski, S.W. (Eds.). (2000). Multilevel theory, re.vearch, and methods in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Kline, R.B. (2005), Principles and Practice of Structzrral Equation Modeling (2nd Edition ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Knapp, E.M. (1998) Knowledge management. Business and Economic Review, Vol. 44(4), pp. 3-6. Knight, G.A. (1997). Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to measure firm entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12(3): pp. 213-225. Knight, G.A. (2001) Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME. Journal of International Management, Vol. 7(3), pp. 155-171. Knight, R.M. (1989). Technological innovation in Canada: A comparison of independent entrepreneurs and corporate innovators. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 4(4), pp. 281-288. Knol, J., & Van Linge, R. (2008). Innovative behaviour: the effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 65(2), pp. 359-370. Kohli, A.K., & Jaworski, B.J. (1990). Market orientation: the construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54(2), Pp. 1-18. Kor, Y.Y., Mahoney, J.T., & Michael, S.C. (2007). Resources, capabilities, and entrepreneurial perceptions. Journal of Mcinagement Studies, Vol. 44(7), pp. 1187-1212. Kraus, S. & Kauranen, I. (2009). Strategic management and entrepreneurship: Friends or foes? International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, Vol. 4(1), pp.37-50. Kraus, S., Rigtering, J.P.C., Hughes, M., & Hosman, V. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: a quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managerial Science, Vol. 6(2), pp. 161-182. Krause, D.E., (2004). Influence-based Leadership as a Determinant of the Inclination to Innovate and of Innovation-related Behaviours: An Empirical Investigation. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15(1), pp.79-102. Kreiser, P.M., Marino, L.D. & Weaver, K.M. (2002). Assessing the psychometric properties of the entrepreneurial orientation scale: a muti-country analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 26(4), pp. 71-92. Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sampIe size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement. Vol. 30, pp. 607-610. Kropp, F, Lindsay, N.J., & Shoham, A. (2006). Entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations and international entrepreneurial business venture performance in South African firms. International Marketing Review, Vol. 23(5), pp. 504-523. Kropp, F. & Zolin, R. (2005). Technological entrepreneurship and small business innovation research programs. Academy of Marketing Sciences Review, Vol. 2005 (7), available: http://www.amsreview.org/articles/kropp07-2005.pdf. Kumar, R. (1996). Research Methodology: Quantitative Research, London: SAGE Publications. Kuratko D.F., Hornsby J.S., & Bishop W.J. (2005). Managers' corporate entrepreneurial actions and job satisfaction. Znternational Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 1, pp. 275-29. Kuratko, D.F. & Hodgetts, R.M. (2004). Entreprrneurship: Theory, Process. Practice (Mason, OH; South-Western Publishers). Kuratko, D.F. & Hodgetts, R.M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice, 7th ed. (Mason, OH: Thomson/SouthWestern Publishing). Kuratko, D.F. (2007). Corporate entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3(2), pp. 151-203. Kuratko, D.F. (2009). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice, gth Edition, Mason, OH: Southwestern/Cengage Publishers. Kuratko, D.F. (2009). The entrepreneurial imperative of the 21st century. Business Horizons, Vol. 52(5), pp. 421-428. Kuratko, D.F., Goldsby, M.G., & Hornsby, J.S. (2012). Innovation acceleration: Transfornling organizational thinking. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kuratko, D.F., Hornsb]., J.S. & Covin, J.G. (2014). Diagnosing a firm's internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship. Business Horizons, Vol. 57(1), pp. 37-47. Kuratko, D.F., Hornsby, J.S., Naffziger D.W., & Montagno, R.V. (1993). Implementing entrepreneurial thinking in established organizations. Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 58(1), pp. 28-39. Kuratko, D.F., Ireland, R.D., & Hornsby, J.S. (2001). Improving firm performance through entrepreneurial actions: Acordia's corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 15(4), pp. 60-71. Kuratko, D.F., Ireland, R.D., Covin, J.G., & Hornsby, J.S. (2005b). A model of middle level managers' entrepreneurial behavior. Entreyreneurshiy Theog) and Practice, Vol. 29(6), pp. 699-716. Kuratko, D.F., Montagno, R.V., & Hornsby, J.S. (1990). Developing an Intrapreneurial Assessment Instrument for Effective Corporate Entrepreneurial Environment. Strategic Management Journul, Vol. 11(5), pp. 49-58. Lan, Q., & Wu, S. (2009). An empirical study of entrepreneurial orientation and degree of internalization of stnall and medium-sized Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, Vol. 2(1), pp. 53-75. Lancaster, G.A., Dodd, S., & Williamson, P.R (2004). Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. Journal of Evaluation Clinical Practice, Vol. 10(2), pp. 307-3 12. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Laupase, R. (2003). The process of converting consultants' tacit knowledge to organizational explicit knowledge: Case studies in management consulting firms. London, IRM Press. Lawrence, P., & Lorsch, J. (1967). Organization and environment. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Lee, C., Lee, K. & Pennings, J.M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external linkages, and performance. A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22(6-7), pp. 615-640. Lee, H. & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge managetnent enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination. Journal of Management Information System, Vol. 20(1), pp. 179-228. Lee, J.H & Kim, Y.G. (2001a). A stage model of organizational knowledge management: a latent content analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 20(4), pp. 299-311. Lee, J.H., & Kim, Y.G. (2001b). Effects of managerial drivers and climate maturity on knowledge management performance: empirical validation. Proceedings of Pacific Asia Conference on Information systems, pp. 1097-1111. Lee, S.M. & Peterson, S.J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, Vol. 35(4), pp. 401-416. Leibold, M., Voelpel, S.C. & Tekie, E.B. (2004). Managerial levers in cultivating new mental space for business innovation. South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 35(4), pp. 61-71. Lena Lee, Poh Kam Wong, Maw Der Foo & Aegean Leung (2008). Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 26(1), pp. 124-136. Leonard, D. (1995). Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Source of Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Leonard, D., & Sensiper, S. (1998). The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation. California Management Review, Vol. 40(3), pp. 112-132. Leonard-Barton. D. (1995). Wellsprings of Knowledge: building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Lessem, R. (1988). Intrapreneurship: How to be an enterprising individual in a successful business. Hampshire: Wildwood House. Lewis, RJ. (1999). Annual Meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Li Y.H., Huang J.W., & Tsai M.T. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the role of knowledge creation process. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 38(4), pp. 440-449. Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2006). The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation and internal control in the new product development activities of Chinese firms. industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 35(3), pp. 336-347. Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-W. & Tsai, M.-T. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Role of Knowledge |