Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Report shows that more than 60% of young individuals below 30 years of age are interested in owning their own business. However, only a small number of students start a business immediately after graduation due to the fact that being an entrepreneur is not considered as a career option. This stud...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ali, Ali Iliyasu
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/1/s815159.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/2/s815159_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.4607
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Muharam, Farrah Merlinda
topic HB615-715 Entrepreneurship
Risk and uncertainty
Property
spellingShingle HB615-715 Entrepreneurship
Risk and uncertainty
Property
Ali, Ali Iliyasu
Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
description Report shows that more than 60% of young individuals below 30 years of age are interested in owning their own business. However, only a small number of students start a business immediately after graduation due to the fact that being an entrepreneur is not considered as a career option. This study seeks to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial experience and societal entrepreneurship attitude as factors influencing self-employment intention. The study was theoretically based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Self-administered survey method was used to distribute questionnaire for collecting primary data through a simple random sampling technique from 113 Nigerian postgraduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) who are active in status. The collected data were then analyzed. The findings of this study found that entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial experience and societal entrepreneurship attitude are positively related to UUM’s Nigerian postgraduate student’s intention towards self-employment. The study provides an enriched contribution to knowledge and significant implication to the theory and practices of entrepreneurship. It also signaled to policy makers such as education authority as well as government to look into the effect of entrepreneurship education, prior entrepreneurship experience as well as societal entrepreneurship attitude as influencing factors on students’ intention of becoming self-employed.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ali, Ali Iliyasu
author_facet Ali, Ali Iliyasu
author_sort Ali, Ali Iliyasu
title Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
title_short Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
title_full Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
title_fullStr Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)
title_sort factors influencing self-employment intention among nigerian post-graduate students of universiti utara malaysia (uum)
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2014
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/1/s815159.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/2/s815159_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827764360118272
spelling my-uum-etd.46072022-04-09T23:50:01Z Factors influencing self-employment intention among Nigerian post-graduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) 2014 Ali, Ali Iliyasu Muharam, Farrah Merlinda Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HB615-715 Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property Report shows that more than 60% of young individuals below 30 years of age are interested in owning their own business. However, only a small number of students start a business immediately after graduation due to the fact that being an entrepreneur is not considered as a career option. This study seeks to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial experience and societal entrepreneurship attitude as factors influencing self-employment intention. The study was theoretically based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Self-administered survey method was used to distribute questionnaire for collecting primary data through a simple random sampling technique from 113 Nigerian postgraduate students of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) who are active in status. The collected data were then analyzed. The findings of this study found that entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial experience and societal entrepreneurship attitude are positively related to UUM’s Nigerian postgraduate student’s intention towards self-employment. The study provides an enriched contribution to knowledge and significant implication to the theory and practices of entrepreneurship. It also signaled to policy makers such as education authority as well as government to look into the effect of entrepreneurship education, prior entrepreneurship experience as well as societal entrepreneurship attitude as influencing factors on students’ intention of becoming self-employed. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/1/s815159.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4607/2/s815159_abstract.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Ajzen, I. (2001). Attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology 52, 27-58. Akpan, C. & Etor, C. (2013). University lecturers’ perception of entrepreneurship education as an empowerment strategy for graduate self- employment in southsouth Nigeria. International Journal of Asian Social Scienc,3(5), 1180–1195. Ali, I.,Yilmaz, A.K., Ali, J.F., & Afzal, H. (2010). Effects of national culture on entrepreneurial intentions. Business Transformation through Innovation and Knowledge Management: An Academic Perspective. Aloku, (2000). Socio-cultural Dimensions of Motivation and Management. In: Introduction to Industrial Sociology, O. A. Ogunbameru and P.E. Oribabor (Eds.).Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo University Press. Aluko, M. A. O. (1998). Factors that motivate the Nigerian Workers. Ife Social Science. Review, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 15, 1, 190-199. Anderson, A. (2000). Paradox in the Periphery: an entrepreneurial reconstruction. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 12, 91-109. Autio, E., Keeley, R., Klofsten, M., Parker, G., & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and the USA. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, Vol. 1, 2, 145-60. Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA; Wadsworth Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13, 3, 442-453. Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. In C.A. Kent, D.L. Sexton and Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Cantillon, R. (1755) Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en General, H. Higgs (ed.), (1931) Macmillan, London. Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Small Business Venturing, 13, 4, 295-316. Cole, A.H. (1965). An approach to the study of entrepreneurship, In Aitken, H.G. (Ed.), Explorations in enterprise, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 30-44. Crant, J.M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 34, 3, 42-49. Davidsson, P., J. & Wiklund (1997). Values, beliefs and regional variations in new firm formation rates. Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, Elsevier, pp. 179- 199. Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D.A. (2002). Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 3, pp. 81-90. Dyke, L., Fischer, E., & Reuber, A. (1992). An inter-industry examination of the impact of owner experience on firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 30. Emmanuel, S., & Adejoke, B. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention among business and counseling students in Lagos state university, Sandwich Programme, 3(14), 64–72. Etzioni, A. (1987). Entrepreneurship, adaptation and legitimation: A macro-behavioral perspective. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 8, 175-189. Fayolle, A., & Degeorge, M. (2006). International entrepreneurship education: Issues and newness. Eds. Fayolle, A., and Klandt, H Edward Elgar Publishing, USA. Fishbein, M.A. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA, Addison Wesley. Fukuyama, F. (2001). Culture and economic development: Cultural concerns. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam et al., pp. 3130-3134. Geletkanycz, M.A. (1997). The salience of ‘culture’s consequences’: The effects of cultural values on top executive commitment to the status quo. Strategic Management Journal, 18(8): 615-634. Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K. & Lewis, F.M. (2002). Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice. San Fransisco: Wiley and Sons. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). (2000). Gorman, G., Hanlon, D., & King, W. (1997). Some research perspectives on entrepreneurship education, enterprise education, and education for small business management: A ten year literature review. International Small Business Journal, 15, 3, 56-77. Griffin, C. & D. Hammis, (2001). What comes after what comes next, self-employment as the logical descendant of supported employment. Baltimore; Paul Brookers Publishing Co. 1st Edn., pp: 108-109 ISBN: 987-2046-52-5. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. NJ. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2013). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Thousand Oaks. Harvey, M. & Evans, R. E. (1995). Strategic windows in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 5, 331–347. Hisrich, R. & Peters, M. (2002)Entrepreneurship (5th Ed.). McGraw-Hill. NY. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations. 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications. Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s consequences: International differences in workrelated values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Ireland, R.D., & Webb, J.W. (2007). A Cross-disciplinary exploration of entrepreneurship research. Journal of Management, 33(6): 891-927. Jones, K. (1989). Running, or stumbling through, simulations. Simulation Games for Learning, 19 (4), 160-167. K.H. Vesper (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. 39-71. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Katz, J. A. (2003). The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education: 1876-1999. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2): 283. Katz, J.A (1992). A psychological cognitive model of employment status choice. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 17(1), 29-37. Katz, J.A. (1994). Modelling entrepreneurial career progressions: Concepts and considerations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19, 2, 23-29. Kim, M.S. & Hunter, J. (1993). Relationships among attitudes, behavioural intentions, and behavior. Communication Research, 20, 331-364. Kirzner, I. (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner, I. (1985). Discovery and the Capital Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner, I.M. (1978). Wettbewerb und Unternehmertum. Mohr, Tübingen. Klandt, H. (2004). Entrepreneurship Education and Research in German-Speaking Europe. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3): 293-301. Knight, F.H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (New York: Harper). Kolvereid, L. & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 866-885. Kolvereid, L. (1996). Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Fall, 47-57. Kolvereid, L. (1996a). Organisational employment versus self-employment: reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20, 3, 23-31. Krueger, N. & Carsrud, A. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5, 315-330. Krueger, N. (1993). Impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 1, 5- 21. Krueger, N., & Brazeal, D. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 3, 91-105. Krueger, N., Reilly, M., & Carsrud, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 5-6, 411-432. Kuratko, D. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September. Lent, R.W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 47, 1, 36-49. Linan, F. Chen, Yi-Wen (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention modelon a two-Country Sample. Barcelona: Departament d'Economia de l’Empresa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Working Paper no. 06/7). Linan, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education: University of Seville. Linan, F., & Chen, Y.W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 593-617. Low, M.B., & MacMillan, J.C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14, 139-161. Mariano, J.A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephen, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2011). Cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Career Development, 39(2), 162-185. Martinez, A.C., Levie, J., Kelly, D.J., Saemundsson, R.J., & Schott, T. (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Special Report. Matlay, H. (2006). Researching entrepreneurship and education. Education and Training, Vol. 48, 8/9, 704-718. McClelland, D.C. (1961). The Achieving Society. Van Nostrand, Princeton. Minniti, M., & Lévesque, M. (2008). Recent developments in the economics of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 23 ed.: 603-612. Moore, D. S. & McCabe, G. P. (1999) Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 3rd Ed. NY. W. H. Freeman. Mueller & Thomas. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16:51-75. Nnoli, O. (1980). Ethnic Politics in Nigerian. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension. Nord, W. E. (ed.) 1976. Concepts and Controversy in Organizational Behaviour. California Pacific Palisades. Nunnally, J. & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). NY: Mc Graw Hill. Ogundipe, Emmanuel, S., Kosile, Adejoke, B., Olaleye, Olugbenga, V., Ogudipe, & Olatunde, L., (2012). Entrepreneurial intention among business and counseling students in Lagos state university sandwich programme. Journal of Education and Practice, 3, 4. Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human Learning (3rd Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Pajares, F. (1997). Current directions in self-efficacy research. In M. Maehr and P. Pintrich (eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement, 10, 1-49. JAI Press. Pallant, J. (2001). A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Philadephia: Open University Press. Pallant, J. (2003) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows (Versions 10 & 11) Open University Press: Philadelphia. Pallant, J.F. (2011). SPSS Survival Manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. Peterman, N.E. & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 2, 129-. Rantanen, T. & Toikko, T. (2013). Social values, societal entrepreneurship attitude and entrepreneurship intention of young people in the Finnish welfare state. Poznan University of Economics Review, 13(1). Rashid, U.K., Mat, K.N.K., Ma’rof, R.A., Nasuredin, J., Sanita, F., & Isa, M.F.M (2012). Entrepreneurial intentions among technical students. American Journal of Economics, 73-76, doi:10.5923/j.economics.20120001.17. Sajjad, Imran, S., Shafi, Haroon, Dad, & Munir, A. (2010) Impact of culture on entrepreneurial intention. Information Management and Business Review, 4(1), 30. Sarantakos, S. (2005). Social Research (3rd ed.). NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Scherer, R., Adams, J., Carley, S., & Wiebe, F. (1989). Role model performance effects on development of entrepreneurial career preference. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring. Schumpeter, J.A. (1912/1934) English translation published in 1934: The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. Scott, M.G. & Twomey, D.F. (1988). The long term supply of entrepreneurs: Students career aspirations in relation to entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 26, 4, 5-13. Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2009). Research methods for Business. A skill building approach, (5th Ed), Willey, Chichester, United Kingdom. Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for Business. A skill building approach, (6th Ed), Willey, Chichester, United Kingdom. Sekaran, U. (2000). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. Wiley and Sons, USA. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business–A Skill Building Approach. Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran, U., Robert, Y.C., & Brain, L.D. (2001). Applied business research.1st edition. Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australian Ltd. Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 1, 217-226. Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton and K. Vesper, (Eds.). Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90. Shaver, K. & Scott, L. (1992). Person, process, and choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 2, 23-45. Shepherd, D.A. & DeTienne, D.R. (2005). Prior knowledge, potential financial reward, and opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 1, 91– 112. Shook, C.L., Priem, R.L., & McGee, J.E. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: a review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 29, 3, 379–399. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 4, 566-591. Taylor, D., & Thorpe, R. (2004). Entrepreneurial learning: A process of co-participation. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11, 2, 203–211. Tkashev, A., & Kolvereid, L. (1999). Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11, 3, 269-280. Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research, in Katz, J.A. (ed.). Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 119-138. Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(1): 90-112. Weber, M. (1930). The Protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Allen and Unwin, London. Williams, G.Z. (2003). Business Research Methods (7th Ed.). Thomson South-Western Inc., USA. Woolf, H. B. (1980). Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Company. Zhao, H., Hills, G.E., & Seibert, S. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 6, 1265-1272. Zwan, P. Van Der. (2013). Entrepreneurship education and self-employment: The role of perceived barriers, (January), 1-25.