Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission

Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission

Despite the role of the government, which aims among other things, to provide quality education for the masses, there are outcries from many quarters about the quality of education provided in Nigeria. Basic education is in serious jeopardy due to poor coordination of the programme and low budgetary...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Abdullahi, Danjuma
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2015
Subjects:
LB Theory and practice of education
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/1/s94110.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/2/s94110_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.5312
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor John Abdullah, Siti Alida
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Abdullahi, Danjuma
Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
description Despite the role of the government, which aims among other things, to provide quality education for the masses, there are outcries from many quarters about the quality of education provided in Nigeria. Basic education is in serious jeopardy due to poor coordination of the programme and low budgetary allocation. Thus, this study analyses problems of political will and its impacts on basic education delivery in Nigeria. This study uses universal basic education (UBE) as a unit of analysis. The qualitative method was used for data collection; two states, Kebbi and Kano, were sampled and 31 respondents from the staff of the UBE Commission, NGOs, alumni, parent-teachers’ association, international partners, such as UNICEF country representatives, the Legislature and members of the Nigerian Union of Teachers were interviewed. The data were analysed using NVivo 10. The result shows that the transaction cost is a major setback to the realisation of basic education provision. Over the years, the analysis of the budgetary allocation to the UBE Commission has shown a downward trend which has affected the growth and development of the educational institution. The findings also reveal that the three levels of government, i.e. the federal, state and local governments are responsible for funding basic education in Nigeria; but the lack of commitment from these three levels as well as other stakeholders have created problems. In addition, the study also discloses that the existing system’s monitoring mechanism is weak, such as inadequate vehicles for supervision, non-utilisation of monitoring reports and lack of provision of incentives to the monitoring staff. The existing system also lacks autonomy due to politics; the politicians determine what the allocation to the Commission is. Other problems hindering the development of the institution are weakness in planning, roles and responsibilities, unclear funding among the three levels (federal, state and local) of governments, corruption, teachers leaving the profession for greener pastures, dilapidated infrastructure such as classrooms, and also a high rate of dropouts. The study recommends increased commitment of the governments, public-private partnership and adequate autonomy to be given to the institution, as well as building consensus with the stakeholders.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Abdullahi, Danjuma
author_facet Abdullahi, Danjuma
author_sort Abdullahi, Danjuma
title Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
title_short Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
title_full Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
title_fullStr Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
title_full_unstemmed Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission
title_sort role of state in development of institution in nigeria : a case study of universal basic education commission
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government
publishDate 2015
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/1/s94110.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/2/s94110_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827906200993792
spelling my-uum-etd.53122021-03-18T00:19:55Z Role of state in development of institution in Nigeria : A case study of Universal Basic Education Commission 2015 Abdullahi, Danjuma John Abdullah, Siti Alida Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government LB Theory and practice of education Despite the role of the government, which aims among other things, to provide quality education for the masses, there are outcries from many quarters about the quality of education provided in Nigeria. Basic education is in serious jeopardy due to poor coordination of the programme and low budgetary allocation. Thus, this study analyses problems of political will and its impacts on basic education delivery in Nigeria. This study uses universal basic education (UBE) as a unit of analysis. The qualitative method was used for data collection; two states, Kebbi and Kano, were sampled and 31 respondents from the staff of the UBE Commission, NGOs, alumni, parent-teachers’ association, international partners, such as UNICEF country representatives, the Legislature and members of the Nigerian Union of Teachers were interviewed. The data were analysed using NVivo 10. The result shows that the transaction cost is a major setback to the realisation of basic education provision. Over the years, the analysis of the budgetary allocation to the UBE Commission has shown a downward trend which has affected the growth and development of the educational institution. The findings also reveal that the three levels of government, i.e. the federal, state and local governments are responsible for funding basic education in Nigeria; but the lack of commitment from these three levels as well as other stakeholders have created problems. In addition, the study also discloses that the existing system’s monitoring mechanism is weak, such as inadequate vehicles for supervision, non-utilisation of monitoring reports and lack of provision of incentives to the monitoring staff. The existing system also lacks autonomy due to politics; the politicians determine what the allocation to the Commission is. Other problems hindering the development of the institution are weakness in planning, roles and responsibilities, unclear funding among the three levels (federal, state and local) of governments, corruption, teachers leaving the profession for greener pastures, dilapidated infrastructure such as classrooms, and also a high rate of dropouts. The study recommends increased commitment of the governments, public-private partnership and adequate autonomy to be given to the institution, as well as building consensus with the stakeholders. 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/1/s94110.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5312/2/s94110_abstract.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdi, M. & Aulakh, P. S. (2012). Do country-level institutional framework and inter firm governance arrangements substitute or complement in international business relationship. Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 477-496. Abegglen, J. (1994). Sea change. New York: Free press. Abiodun, L. N. & Iyiola, W.T. (2011). Education and economic growth: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(3), 225-231. Abu, N. & Abdullahi, U. (2010). Government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria, 1970-2008: A disaggregated analysis. Business and Economic Journal, 20(10), 478-555. Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J.A. & Woren, D. (2013). Why Nation fail: The origin of power, prosperity and poverty. New York: Crown Business. Adedeji, L. (2012). Islam education and development: The Nigerian experience. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 5 (2), 273-282. Anger, B. (2010). Poverty eradication, millennium development goals and sustainable development. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 3 (4), 138-144. Adenuyi, A.O. & Otu, M.F. (2006). Economic growth and human capital development: The case study of Nigeria. Economic and Financial Review Central Bank of Nigeria, 44 (3), 18-39. Adesina, A. E. (2011). Perceived impact of primary education on the attainment of Nigeria vision 20:2020.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2(5), 61-69. Adeyemi, T.O. (2011). Funding of education in Nigeria: An analytical review. American Journal of Social Sciences, 2 (3), 295-303. Ahmadov, I., Mammadov, J. & Aslanli, K. (2013). Assessment of institutional quality in resource-rich Caspian Basin countries. Munich Personal Repec Archive, 51344, 1-30. Ahmed, R. (2012). The public sector efficiency in the education department. IITE Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 2(3), 14-24. Aidt, T., Dutta, J. & Sena, U. (2008). Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economies, 36, 195-220. Aina, T.A. (2010). Beyond reports: The politics of higher education transformation in Africa. African Studies Review, 53(7), 22-40. Ajayi, I.A. (2007). Achieving Universal Basic Education in Nigeria: Strategies for improved funding and cost effectiveness. Medwell Journals of Social Science, 2 (3), 342-345. Ajayi, J.B. & Ayodele, J.B. (2009). Achieving the universal basic education in Nigeria: Strategies for effective quality assurance. Global Journal of Voice of Educators, 1(1), 1-7. Ajetomobi, C. (2007). Human capital and long run growth. Journal of Development Economics, 48, 91-110. Ajileye, E. O. (2011). Financial resource management of public secondary administrators in Ondo state of Nigeria. Journal of Education and Social Research, 1 (4), 77-83. Akindutire, I. O., Ayodele, J.B. & Osiki, P. (2011). Political leadership and development of education programme in Nigeria: Lesions for Africa nations. Journal of Education Practices (8), 19-28. Akinyemi, S. (2013). Funding strategies for quality university education in developing economies: The case of Nigeria. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(1), 53-59. Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1996). Income distribution, political instability and investment. International Journal of Social Science, 4 (40), 1203-1228. Amaghionyeodiwe, L.A. & Osinubi, T. S. (2006). The Nigerian educational system and returns to education. International Journals of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 3(1), 32-40. Amin, S. (2013). The implosion of contemporary capitalism. New York: Monthly review press Aminu, A. A., Madu, C.T. & Mbaya, P.Y. (2012). Public policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria. Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 2(5), 57-62. Amsden, A.H. (1992). Asia’s next giant: South Korea and late industrialization. New York, NY: Oxford University press. Amsden. A. H. & Chu, W. (2013). Beyond late development. England: MIT press, Cambridge. Andrews, M. (2004). Authority, Acceptance, Ability and Performance- Based Budgeting Reforms. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(4), 332-344. Ann-Sofie, I. & Bigsten, A. (2011). Institution building with limited resources establishing a supreme audit institution in Rwanda. World Development, 40 (9), 1870-1881. Anselm, A.U. & Fredrick, O.O. (2013). Counter funding of the UBE in Nigeria: implication for counseling. IOSR Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 17(2), 11-16. Ansell, B.W. (2010). From the ballot to the black board: The redistributive political economy of education. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. Atanda, F. A., Labbo, S.O. & Popoola, A.A. (2009). Universal basic education in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward. Pakistan Journal of Social Science, 6(5), 252-259. Auerbach, A. J. & Herrmann, H. (2002). Ageing financial market and monetary policy. New York: Springer Augustine, S. (2011). An assessment of Nigeria’s budgetary allocation to the education sector: Implication for tertiary education in Nigeria. Journal of Educational Foundations, 1(1), 81-88. Aulakh, S. P. & Abdi, M. (2012). Do country–level institutional frameworks and inter firm governance arrangements substitute or complement in international business relation. Journal of International Business, 43, 477-496. Aysan, A. F., Nabli, M. B. & Yaroudakis, M.V. (2007). Governance investments and private investment: An application to the Middle East and North Africa. Journal of Developing Economics, 45(3), 339-377. Ajetomobi, J.O. & Ayanwale, A.B. (2004, April 16). Education allocation, unemployment and economic growth in Nigeria from 1970-2004. Retrieved on 14 March, 2013 from worldroom.tamu.edu/Workshops/Africa07/Nigeria/ Education, Unemployment and Economic growth.pdf Anderson, M., Andrew B., Magu¨ I., & Marie B. (2005, April 29). Measuring Capacity and willingness for poverty reduction in fragile states: Poverty reduction in difficult Environments (PRDE) Working Paper No. 6; Department for International Development; Government of the United Kingdom (January). Accessed on April 29, 2012. Available online at http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/12820/1/ pr050006.Pdf Alabi, R. A. (2009, July 22). Progressivity of education spending in Nigeria. Paper presented on researches on development, faculty of economic and business studies, University of Bremen Germany. Retrieved on June 16 2013 from http://www.bing.com/search?q=Progressivity+of+ education+spending+in+Nigeria+paper+presented+ on+researches+on+development%2C+faculty+of+ economic+and+business+studies%2C+university+ of+Bremen+Germany&go=&qs=bs&form=QBRE Ademalekun, L. (2013, February 12). Education sector in crisis: Evidence, causes and possible remedies. The Nigerian Vanguard. Retrieved from http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/education-sector-in-crisis-evidencecauses-and-possible-remedies/ Aliyu, B. (2013, November 7). Why Nigeria education is in shamble. Leadership news paper. Retrieved from leadership.ng/news/0711131 why-nigeria-education–shamble Abdulsomad, K., Abdullah, S. A. J. & Khalil, S. (2013, April3-4).Why Malaysia needs research universities. Paper presented at first international conference on Innovation and Sustainability (ICOIS). Retrieved on 2nd February, 2014 from http://repo.uum.edu.my/ 8889/. Akpan, H. E. (2004, August1-4). Intergovernmental fiscal relations: The Nigerian experience. Paper presented at 10th anniversary of financial and fiscal commission of South Africa, Cape Town international convocation centre. Retrieved on September 8, 2012 from http/www.google.com.my/url Ajibola, O.O. (2011, August 8-10). An expository analysis of problems and prospects of engineering education in Nigeria. International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and Technology. Retrieved on 6th May, 2013 from http/www.google.com.my/vrl Balogun, J. & Gelase, M. (1999). Re-dynamising the African civil service for the 21st century: Prospect and the alternative. In Keth, H. & P. Dwilledi (eds), World perspective (53-76) New York: St Maton. Banya, K. & Elu, J. (2001). Financing higher education in sub- Sahara Africa. JSTOR Journal of higher education, 42(1), 1-34. Barr, N. (2003). The welfare state as piggy bank: Risk, uncertainty and the role of state. New York: Oxford university press. Bates, R. H. (2008).When the things fell apart: State failure in late century Africa. UK: Cambridge university press. Bello, A. B. E. (2007). Business research methods. Second edition. New York: Oxford university press. Benedict, O. E. (2008). Private sector participation in education and skills development in Nigeria. European Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 165-170. Bernard, H. R. & Ryan, G.W. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data, a systematic approaches (4th Ed). New York: Thousand Oaks. Bernard, H.R. (2005). Research method in Anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (4th Ed) Walnut Creek, C.A: Altamira press. Bert, V. (2011). The impacts of school facilities on the learning environment, PhD thesis: Capella University. Birdsall, N., Levine, R. & Ibrahim, A. (2005). Toward universal primary education: Investments, incentives and institutions. London: Earth scan Block, F. (2000). Disorderly coordination the limited capacities of states and the market. In Buirlamaqui, L., Castro, C,A. & Chang, H.J. (eds.), Institution and the role of the state (53-72) USA: Edward Elger. Boli, J. & George, M. T. (1997).World culture in the world polity. American Sociological Review, 62 (2), 171-191. Booth, A. (1999). Initial condition and miraculous growth: Why is South East Asia different from Taiwan and South Korea. World Development, 27 (2), 301-321. Borode, M. (2011). The impact of regional and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) towards the development of adult education in the developing countries. International Journal of Science and Humanities, 5(2), 24-45. Borokhovich, K. A., Bricker, R. J., Brunarki, K. & Simkins, B.J. (1998). Finance research productivity and influence by topic area. Journal of Financial Education, 24, 8-21. Boubakri, N., Mansi, S. & Saffar, W. (2013). Political institutions, connectedness and corporate risk –taking. Journal of International Business Studies, 44, 195-215. Braun, U. & Clark, U. (2006).Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. Brinton, C.M. (1991). Institutions and human capital development. In Coleman, J.S. & Bourdieh, P. R. (eds.), Social theory for changing society (pp194-98). York: Sage foundation, Burlamaqui, L. (2000). Evolutionary economics and the economics role of the state. In Buirlamaqui, L., Castro, C,A. & Chang, H.J. (eds.), Institution and the role of the state (pp 53-72) USA: Edward Elger. Burruss, W. G. & Giblin, J.M. (2008). Developing a measurement model of institutional processes in policing. Police and Strategies Group, 22 (2), 351-376. Banerji, A. & Humphreys, C. E. (2003). Better governance for development in the Middle East and North Africa: Enhancing inclusiveness and accountability. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Banerji, A. & Meliesh, C. (2003). Government and investment climate in Yemen. World Bank working paper no. 28, Washington DC: World Bank Biger, H. & Jeppe, N. (2005, March 26). Epistemology and philosophy of scientist. Retrieved 2,June 2012 from http://www.iva.dk/ jni/lifeboat/info.asp?subjectid=13 Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Nicolas P. K. (2012, April 29). Identifying and Assessing Political Will for Anti- Corruption Efforts. USAID’s Implementing Policy Change Project. Accessed on April 23, 2013. Available online at http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/de Carruthers, B. G. (1994). When is the state autonomous? Culture, organization theory and political sociology of the state. American Sociological Association, 12 (1), 19-44. Catherine, D. (2007). A practical guide to research methods: A user friendly manual for mastering research technique and projects, third edition. United Kingdom: Spring Hill. Chadee, D. & Roxas, B. (2012). Effects of rule of law on firm performance in South Africa. European Business Review, 21 (5), 478-492. Chakravarti, A. (2005). Aids, institution and development: New approaches to growth, governance and poverty. USA: Edward Elgar Chalmer, J.A. (1982). MITI and the Japanese miracle: the growth of industrial policy 1925-1975. California: Stanford University Press Chang, H. J. (2000). Institutionist perfective on the role of the state: Towards institutionist political economy. In Buirlamaqui, L., Castro, C,A. & Chang, H.J. (eds.), Institution and the role of the state (pp 53-72) USA: Edward Elger. Chang, H.J. (2010). 23 things they don’t tell about capitalism. Allen lane: Penguin books Chinyere, A. (2010). Prudential approach to resource management in Nigeria education: A theoretical perspective. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education (IJSRE), 3(2), 94-106. Chuta, E. J. (1986). Free education in Nigeria: Socio economic implications and emerging issues. Journal of Comparative Education Review, 30, 532-551. Clark, N. (2000). Public policy and technological change in Africa, aspect of institutional and management capacity. Journal of Economics Studies, 271(2), 75-93. Collins, A., Diana, J. & Katherine B. (2007). Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13 (1), 15-42. Constitution of the federal re[public of Nigeria (1999, April 22) Retrieved from http://www.nigeriaworld.com/focus/constitution/ Cornachione, E. B. (2010). Investing in human capital: Integrating intellectual capital architecture and utility theory. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6 (1), 29-40. Cox, G. W. & Matthew D. M. (2001). Structure and Policy: The Institutional Determinants of Policy Outcomes. In Matthew, D. M. & Stephen, H.(eds.), The structure of fiscal and regulatory policy. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Policy Research/ Finance Division. Crayford, J., Vuuren-Cassar, G. & Colm Fearon, W. (2014). Entrepreneurial learning and the IBM Universities Business Challenge: An experiential learning perspective. In Fayolle, A. & Redford D.T. (eds.), Hand Book on the entrepreneur universities (386-413). Berkeley: University of California Press. Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage publications. Creswell, J.W. (2008). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Second edition, thousand Oaks, California: Sage publications. Cummings, B. (2005). State building in Korea: Continuity and crisis. In Lange, M & D. Rueschemeyer (eds.) State and development (211-236). Palgrave, New York: Macmillan. Currie, M. & Messori, M. (1998). New institutional and new Keynesean economics. In Arena, R. & Langhi, C. (eds.), Market and organization (171-189). Berlin: Springer. Danjuma, A. & Kwanga, Z.Y. (2012). Developing alternative sources of funding local government in Nigeria during period of global economic recession. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 2(3), 41-45. David, E. (2008). Critical review of management of primary education in Nigeria. International Journal of African & African American Studies, VII (1), 10-20. David, H. (2011). Achieving transformational change in education systems. Quarterly Journal of the College of Teachers, 61(2), 35-72. Davidson, L., Mcdermott, F. & Fossey, E. (2002).Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 717-732 Deepika, C.P. (2010). Promoting accountability and enhancing efficiency using national education accounts to track expenditure flows. US-China Education Review, 7 (11), 62-75. Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). Hand book of qualitative research. 3rd edition. Thousand Oaks, C.A: Sage. Desert Herald (2012, June 21). UBEC boss paid millions in bribe to Faruk Lawan. Desert Herald newspaper. Retrieved from http://desertherald. com/ubec-bosspaid-millions-in-bribe-to-farouk- Dibie, R. (2000). Understanding public policy in Nigeria: A twenty-first century approach. Lagos: Mbeyi and associates Dimaggio, P.J. & Powell, W.W. (1983). The iron case revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48 (2), 147-160. Doldor, E., Anderson, D. & Vinnicombe, S. (2012). Refining the concept of political will: A gender perspective. British Journal of Management, 1, 1-12. Drazen, A. (2000). Political economy in macroeconomics. New Jersey: Princeton university press. Drechsler, W. (2006). Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Research problem. In Drechsler, W. & Backhaus, J.G. (eds.), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Economy and society (pp 1-8). USA: Springer. Druze, J. & Sen., A. (1995). India Economic Development and Social Opportunity. Oxford: University Press. Drysdale, P. (2000). Reform and recovery in East Asia: The role of state and economic enterprises. .London: Routledge Durosaro, O. (2004). Crucial issues in management of primary education in Nigeria. In E.O. Fagbemiye, J.B. Babalola, M. Fabunmi, M. & A.O. Ayeni, (Eds.). Management of primary and secondary Education in Nigeria (48-96). Ibadan: NAEAP.. Durosoro, D.O. (2012, September 18). Accountability in education: The case of Nigeria, management of Nigerian education, project monitoring and school plant maintenance. National institute of educational planning and administration, Nigeria. Retrieved on 2012, September 18 from www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/durosaro/ Management of Nigerian Educ.doc EFA (2011, March16). EFA Global monitoring report. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/ leading-the-internationalagenda/efareport/ Eggertsson. T. (2005). Imperfect Institutions: Possibilities and limits of reform. The Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Ekundayo, H. & Ajayi I. (2009). Towards effective management of university education in Nigeria. International NGO Journal, 4 (8), 342-347. Emma, E. O. & Denis, S.C. (2011). The politics of fiscal federalism in Nigeria: Diagnosing the elephantine problem. International Journal of Business Management, 6(1), 126-136. Emmanuel, I. E. (2011). An examination of critical problems associated with the implementation of the universal basic education (UBE) programme in Nigeria. Canadian Center of Science and Education, 41, 86-106. Ertman, T. (2005). Building states-inherently a long term process? An argument from comparative perspective. In Lange, M and D. Rueschemeyer (eds.), State and development (pp165-182). New York :Palgrave Macmillan. Esman, M. (1991). Management dimensions of development perspective and strategies. West Hartford Connecticut: Klimarian press. ESSPIN. (2013, August 27). Input visit report: Education institutional development and teacher education strategy for Kano state. Task specialist visit 3 report. Retrieved from http://www.esspin.org/index.php/resources/ reports/kano Evans, P. & Rauch, J. E. (1999). Bureaucracy and growth: A cross-national analysis of the effects of Weberian state structure on the economic growth. American Sociological Review, 64 (5) 748-765. Evans, P. (1997).Government action, social capital, and development: Reviewing the evidence of synergy. In Evans, P. (eds.), State–society synergy: Government and social capital in development (178-210). USA: University of California. Evans, P., Rauchemeyer, D. & Skocpol, T. (2002). Bringing the state back in. Cambridge, New York: University press Ezekwesili, O.(2013, May22). Governors are using UBE funds to hire thugs for election. Independent newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.indepthnigeria.com/featured/ governors-are-using- ube-funds-tohire-thugs- for-election-ezekwesili/ Fagbadebo, O. (2007). Corruption, governance and political instability in Nigeria. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 1(2), 28-37. Fan, S. & Rao, N. R. (2008). Public investment, growth and rural poverty. In Fan, S.(eds.) Public expenditures, growth and poverty: lessons from developing countries (56-108). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins university press. Federal Ministry of Education (2007, June 18). Ten year action plan. Retrieved on 26 October 2013 from http://planipolis.iiep.unesco. org/upload/Nigeria/Nigeria%2010_Year_Federal_ Education_Plan_Draft.pdf Foucault, M. (2007). Politics of truth. Los Angelis : Semiotext. Foxley, A. (2010). Market versus state: Post crisis economics in Latin America. Washington D.C: Stanford university press Franca, U.U., Ebuara, V.O., Ekpoh, U.I. & Edith A.O. (2009, August7-9). Management and administration of education system: problems, challenges and the way forward. Paper presented at the 11 international conference of educational management association of South Africa retrieved on 17 May 2013 from http://www.emasa.co.za/files/emasa2009/21_EMASA 2009_Udey.pdf Fukuyama, F. (2004). The imperative of state building. Journal of Democracy, 15(2), 17-31. Fukuyama, F. (2008). Falling behind: Explaining the development gap between Latin America and the United states. New York: Oxford University press. Fukuyama, F. (2013). What is governance? An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 26(3), 2-22. Fukuyama, F. (2014). Political order and Political decay from industrial revolution to globalization of democracy. New York: Farrar, Strous & Girouk. Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press. Fusarelli, L. D. & Johnson, B. (2004). Educational governance and new public management, Public administration and management: An Interactive Journal, 9(2), 118-127. Galanti, M.T. (2011). Is Italian bureaucracy exceptional: Comparing the quality of southern, European public administrations. Bulletin of Italian Politics, 3 (1), 5-33. Galvan, D. C. (2002). The State must be our master of fire: How peasants craft culturally sustainable development in Senegal. Berkeley: University of California press. Garth, M., Jaja, G. & Maclean, A. (2003). Education adjustment, education and human resource development in Africa: A case study of Nigeria. Springer 3(4), 293-318. Gaventa, J. & Tandon, R. (2010).Globalizing citizens: New dimension of inclusion and exclusion. London: Zed book. Gaventa, J. (2001). Exploring citizenship participation and accountability. Institute of Development Studies, 40, 32-35. George, P. (2006). The value of investment in education: theory, evidence and policy. Journal of Education Finance, 32(2), 113-136. Gerald, K. (2001). Accountability leadership. Franklin lakes, NJ: Career press Inc. Gereffin, G. & Wyman, D. (Eds) (1990). Manufacturing miracles. Princeton: University press. Gladstone, D., Green, D.G., Harris, J., Lewis, J., Thane, P., Vincent, A.W., & Whiteside, N. (1999). Before beverage welfare before welfare state. London: Cromwel press. Goldstone, J.A., & Becker, J. (2005).How fast can you build a state? State building in revolutions. In Lange, M. & Rueschemeyer D. (eds.), State and development (pp183-210). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Gomez, E.T. (2004). Political business in East Asia. New York: Tailor & Francis elibrary. Gornitzka, A. (1999). Government policies and organizational change in higher education. Higher Education, 33(1), 5-31. Grajek, M. & Clougherty, J.A. (2008). The impact of ISO 9000 on trade and FDI: A new institutional analysis. International Journal of Business Studies, 39, 613-633. Guest, G., Bounce, A. & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field method. International Journal of Qualitative Research, 18 (1), 59-82. Gylfason, T., & Zoega, T. (2003). Education, social equality and economic growth: A view of landscape. CESIFO Economics Studies, 49, 557-597. GMR, (2008, February 2nd). 2008 Education for all, global monitoring report. Retrieved on from http://huebler.blogspot.com/2007/12/efa- global-monitoring-report-2008.html Gallants, J. (2003, February 27-8). Towards participatory local governance: Assessing the transformative possibilities. Paper presented at conference on from tyranny to transformation, Manchester. Retrieved on 4th July 2013 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/ research/even GMR, (2009, February 20). 2009 Highlight of Education for all report. Retrieved on from http://www.unesco.org/education/gmr2009/press/ efagmr2009_Highlights.p GMR, (2012, June 7). 2012 Reaching out of school children is crucial for development. Policy paper 4. Retrieve from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002165/ Gordon B. (2012, October, 7). Nigeria must invest in human capital. This day Newspaper. Retrieved from http/www.thisdaylive.com/article Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R.(2008). Development, democracy and welfare states: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. London, Oxford: Princeton university press. Hall, M., Symes, A., Luescher, T.M. (2004). The culture of governance in South Africa public higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 26 (1), 91-107. Hammergren, L. (1998). Political will, constituency building, and public support in Rule of Law Programs. Center for Democracy and Governance; Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support, and Research; U.S. Agency for International Development (August). Accessed on April 29, 2010. Available online at http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACD023.pdf Hanson, J. (2004). The transformation of state owned banks: The future of state–owned financial institution. Washington DC : Brooking institution press. Harris, J. M. Wise, T. A., Gallagher, K.P. & Godwin, N.R. (2001). A survey of sustainable development. London: Island press. Hassan, M. & Gunasekaran, A. (2002). An institutional perspective of non-financial management accounting measures: A review of the financial services. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(9), 518-536. He, X. & Cui, L. (2012).Can strong home country institution foster the internationalization of MNEs? Emerald Multinational Business Review, 20 (4), 352-376. Heller, P. (1997). Social capital as a product of class mobilization and state intervention: Industrial workers in Kerala, India. In Evans, P. (eds.), State and society synergy: Government and social capital in development (48-84). Berkeley: University of California Hinchliffe, K. (1995). International Experiences in Financing Education in Federal Countries. New Delhi: NIEPA. Hinchliffe, K. (2002). Public Expenditures on Education in Nigeria: Issues, Estimates and Some Implications Africa Region Human Development, Working Paper Series. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ AFRICAEXT/ Hoon, P. (2002, August 29-1 Sept.). The Verticalization of Personal-Reciprocal Relationships: Changes in the Local Political Economy of Eastern Zambia. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science. Retrieved on February 18, 2013 from https://www.academia.edu. Hopfi, H.M. (2006). Past-bureaucracy and Weber modern bureaucracy. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(1), 8-21. Huff, P. (2012). Best education in the world: Finland, South Korea country ranking rated average. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/ besteducation-in-the-wor_n_2199795.html Humpage, L. (2010). Institution, interest and ideas: Explaining social policy in welfare states incorporating indigenous population. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(3), 236-247. Hutchins, E. & Brian, H. (1992). Learning in the cultural process. In Langston, C.G. (eds Artificial Life II. Redwood City, California.: Addison-Wesley. Hyden, G. (2006). African politics in comparative perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hyden, G., Court, J. & Mease, K. (2003). Making sense of governance: Empirical evidence from 16 developing countries. Boulder, London: Lynne Riener. Hyden, H., Singh, N., Wickenberg, P. & Astrom, K. (2008). Children right as a contested domain: gendered reflections from India. Journal of Development, 51(1), 102-107. Ianoni, M. (2013). Autonomy of the state and Development in the Democratic Capitalism. Brazilian journal of Political Economy, 33 (4), 577-598. Ibrahim, J. M. (2008). Growth prospects of oil and gas abundant economics: Nigerian experience (1970-2000). Journal of Economics Studies, 35 (2), 170-190. Idada, W. & Uhunwuangho, S.O. (2012). Problems of democratic governance in Nigeria: The way forward. Journal of Sociology, 3(1), 49-54. Ikoya, O.P. (2008). Centralization and decentralization of school management facilities in Nigeria. Emerald Journal of Educational Administration, 46 (5), 630-649. Indra de, S. & Johannes, J. (2007).Informal Institutions and development: How they matter and what makes them change. In Johannes J., Denis, D., Sebastian, B. & Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (29-44). Paris: OECD publishing. Ishola, R.A. & Felix A. A. (2006). Optimizing national growth through human resource investment. European Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 433-443. Ito, S. (2006). Raising educational attainment of the poor: policies and issues. Journal of Developing Economics, XLIV (4), 500-531. Iwela, N. (2012, June 13). Distress alert on the economy. Sun newspaper. Retrieved from http.sunnews.online.com. Jaiyeoba, A.O. & Atanda, A.I. (2005).Quality sustenance in Nigerian education system: Challenges to government in G.O. Akpa S.U. Udoh & E.O. Fagbamiye (eds.), Deregulating the provision and management of education in Nigeria (34-65). Lagos: NAEAP publications. Jaiyeoba, A.O. (2007). Perceived impact of universal basic education on national development in Nigeria. International Journal of African and African American Studies, 6 (1), 46-54. James, S. G. (2007). Government size, political freedom and economic growth in Nigeria 1960-2000. Journal of Third World Studies, 24 (1), 139-165. Janeway, W. H. (2012). Doing capitalism in innovative economy: Market speculation and the state. New York: Cambridge university press Jante P. (2007). Defining informal institutions. In Johannes, J., Denis, D., Sebastian B. and Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (pp45-49). Paris: OECD publishing. Jee Peng, T., & Fredriksen, B. (2008). Development practice in education: An African exploratory of the East Asian Education experience. Washington DC: World Bank. Jessica, E. H. (2011). Reflection on politics and policies of education for vision 20: 20 : 20. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(2), 365-374. Jiatong, Z., Edward, J., Zhong, G., Zhigang, Z., & Jian, Z. (2011). Innovative use of surveillance data to harness political will to accelerate measles elimination: Experience from Guangxi China. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7(4), 463-470. Jibrin, S. M., Blessing, S.E., & Ifurueze, M.S.K. (2012).Impact of petroleum profit tax on economic development of Nigeria. British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 5 (2), 60-70. Johannes, J., Denis, D., Sebastian, B., & Indra de, S. (2007). Informal Institutions: An Emerging Topic. In Johannes, J., Denis D., Sebastian, B. & Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (30-42). Paris: OECD publishing. Joshi, P. L. Al-mudhaki, J., & Bremser, W.G. (2003). Corporate budget planning, control and performance evaluation in Bahran. Journal of Managerial Auditing, 18(9), 737-750. Julius, O., & Oluwadare, O.I. (2011). Regional analysis of locations of public education facilities in Nigeria: Akure region experience. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 4(7), 428-442. Kahkonen, S., Lee, Y., & Semboja, H. H. (2001). Contracting Practices in an African Economy: The Tanzanian Case. Maryland: Iris press. Kandil, M. (2009). Determinant of institutional quality and their impact on economic growth in the MENA region. International Journal of Development, 8 (2), 134-167. Kano State Ministry of Education, (2010, August 4th). Annual education sector performance 2010. Retrieved from www.esspin.org/index.php/ resources/download/241/Lagos Annual Education Performance Report 2010 Kapoo, D. (2011). Critical perspectives on Neo-liberal globalization, development and education in Africa. Rotterdam: Sense publishers. Karo, E., & Kattel, R. (2014). Public management, public capacity and innovation and development. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 34 1(134), 80-102. Kasekande, L., Brixova, Z., & Ndikumana, L. (2010). Africa: Africa’s counter-cyclical policy responses to the crisis. Journal of Globalization and Development 1 (1) 16-20. Kaufman, D. Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2009). Governance matters VIII aggregate and individual governance indicators 1996-2008. Policy research working paper, World Bank: Development research group. Kennedy, O.O. (2011). Strategies in improving the policy and access to technology education in secondary schools in Nigeria. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(1), 24-29. Kennett, P. (2004). A hand book of comparative public policy. UK: Edward Elgar publishing limited. Khalil, S. (2007). Museum and funding practices in Malaysia and United Kingdom. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Kent at Canterbury. Kirzner, I. M. (1998). Coordination as a criterion for economic goodness. Constitutional Political Economy, 9 (4), 289-301. Kjaer, A.M. (2014). Debate on Governance in Africa: An emerging political economy paradign. In Mudacumura, G,M, & Morcol, G. (Eds.), Challenges of democratic governance in developing countries (pp19-36). New York: Springer Cham Heidelberg. Klien, D.B. (1997).Convention, social order and the two coordination. Constitutional Political Economy, 9 (4), 319-35. Koch, D. J., Dreher, A. Nunnenkamp, P. & Thiele, R. (2009). Keeping a low profile: What determines the allocation of aids by Nongovernmental organizations? World Development, 37(5), 902-918. Kohli, A. (2004). State- Directed Development. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press Kohli, A., Moon, C., & Sorense, G. (2003). State, market and just growth: Development in 21st century. New York: United Nations University Press. Korf, A. D. (2007). Endogenous growth theory applied: strategies for university R& D. Direct Science Journal of Business Research, 60 (9), 975-978. Kpundeh, S. J. (1998). Political will in fighting corruption. In Sahr, J. K. & Irene, H. (eds.) Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries (pp91-110). New York: UNDP publishing. Lam, W.F. (1997). Institutional design of public agencies and coproduction: A study of irrigation association in Taiwan. In Evans, P. (eds.), State and society synergy: government and social capital in development (pp11-46). Berkeley: University of California. Lange, M., & Rueschemeyer, D. (2005). State and development. In Lange, M. & D. Rueschemeyer (eds.) State and development: Historical antecedents of stagnation and advance (pp183-210). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Laura, M., & Matatu, S. (2014). Role of Legislature for Social Accountability: A comparism of South Africa and Zambia. In Mudacumura, G. M., & Morcol, G. (Eds.), Challenges of Democratic Governance in Developing Countries (pp57-72). New York: Springer Cham Heidelberg. Lee, S. J., Chow, P.R., Tse, C. A., Sin, Y. L., Yau, H.O., & Luk, C. L.(2008). The effects of social capital and organizational innovativeness in different institutional contexts. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 589-612. Lev, F. (2007). Intergovernmental relations in Nigeria: Improving service delivery in core sectors. In Elaigwu, I. J. (eds.), Fiscal federalism in Nigeria: Facing the challenges of future (68-90). Abuja: Adoni and Abbey publishers. Lezine, D.A., & Reed, G. A. (2007). Political will: A bridge between public health knowledge and action. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (11), 11-12. Little, A. W. (2010). Access to basic education in Ghana: Politics, policies and progress. Institute of education. UK: University of London press. Lokachari, S. P., Ranjandran, C., & Sayeda, B. (2010). An empirical study of total quality management in engineering educational institutions in India: perspectives of management. Emerald International Journal, 17 (5), 724-767. Luqman, S., & Lawal, F.M. (2011). The political economy of oil and the reform process in Nigeria’s fourth republic success and continue challenges. Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, 2(2), 59-76. Mahler, H. (1986). Towards a new public health. International Journal Health Promotion, 1(1), 1-13. Mako, K. (2010). A critical study of the resource curse and the experience of Papua New Guinea. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Marion, J. E. (2007).Growth of the Tanzanian Firm Sector: The Role of Formal and Informal Institutions. In Johannes. J., Denis. D., Sebastian B., & Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (130-132). Paris: OECD publishing. Marsh, D., & Stoker, G. (2010). Theory and methods in Political Science. Third edition, England: Macmillan. Martins, F., & Isah, E. (2009). Managing schools in a period for global economic meltdown. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8 (4), 653-664. Matthias, P. (2001). The first industrial nation: The economic history of Britain 1700- 1914. Second edition. London: Tailor and Francis Group. Mbaya, P.Y., Tella, M.C., & Aminu, A.A. (2012). Public policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria. Public Policy and Administration Research, 2(5), 57-62. MCNamara, O., Combell, A., & Gilroy, P. (2004). Practitioner research and professional development in field of education. England: Paul Chapman Publishing Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Michael, S. (2009). Acting on the social determination of health: Health promotion needs to get more political health promotion. International Journal of Health, 24 (3), 199-202. Milo, M. S. (2007). Integrated Financial Supervision: An Institutional perspective. Philippine institute of development studies, 2007-17, 1-27. Mohammed, A. M. (2012, August 6). UBE laying the foundation for an enduring STM education. Punch newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.stanonline.org/ Moja, T. (2000). Nigeria education sector analysis: An analytical synthesis of performance and main issues. Washington D.C: World Bank. Morse, J.M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative. In Norman, K., D. & Lincoln Y. S. (Eds) Hand book of qualitative research. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage. Mudacumura, G. M. (2014a). Accountability and transparency: Cornerstones of development and democratic governance In Mudacumura, G. M., & Morcol, G. (Eds.), Challenges of Democratic Governance in Developing Countries (pp37-56). New York: Springer Cham Heidelberg. Mudacumura, G. M. (2014b). Multiple Dimension of Governance. In Mudacumura, G. M. & Morcol, G. (Eds.). Challenges of Democratic Governance in Developing Countries (1-18). New York: Springer Cham Heidelberg. Murphy, R.P. (2002). Chaos theory: Essays on market anarchy. New York: RJ Communication LLC Nakpodia, E. (2011). Integrative funding and effective implementation of universal basic education programme in central senatorial district of Delta state. International Finance Journal, 3(3), 158-167. National Policy on Education, (2004). Education in Nigeria. Lagos: NERDC Ndikumana, L., & Boyce, J. (2011). Africa’s odious debts. London: Zed Books. Ndulu, B. J., Oconnel, S. A., Bates, R. H., Collier, P., & Soludo, C. C. (2008). The political economy of economic growth in Africa (1960-2000).Volume 1. New York: Cambridge University Press. Neil, O. T., Foresli, M., & Hudson, A. (2007). Evaluation of citizen’s voice and accountability review of the literature and donor approaches. London: DFID publishing. Nick. S., Hinchliffe, K. Anthea, S. W., Sulaiman. A., & Felicia, O. (2009). Mid-term evaluation of the EFA fast track initiative; country case study Nigeria. Oxford: Cambridge university press Nils B. (2007). Governance and Accountability: How Do the Formal and Informal Interplay and Change? In Johannes, J., Denis. D., Sebastian. B., & Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (83-100). Paris: OECD publishing. Nkwi, P., Nyamango, I., & Ryan, G. (2001). Field research into socio –cultural issues and methodological guidelines. Washington D.C.: UNESCO North, D. C. (1991). Institution. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112. North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge, New York: University press North, D.C. (2005). Understanding process of economic change. Oxford: Princeton University Press. Noruwa, A. I., & Christopher, C.O. (2012). Deregulation and privatization of upstream and downstream oil and gas industry in Nigeria: Curse of blessing. International Journal of Business Administration, 3 (1), 16-20. Nwanko, S., & R, D. (2004). Institutional paradigm and the management of transition: A sub-Sahara African perspective. International Journal of Social Economics, 31 (2), 111-130. National policy brief, (2005, March 14). Teachers for the future meeting teacher shortages to achieve education for all, retrieved from www.ilo.org/wcmspt/group/public National frame work, (2008, January, 16) Federal Ministry of education http/www.ibe.unesco.org/nationalreport/ice Nigerian Budget Monitoring Project, (NBMP) (2008, August 7). What happened to the UBE money. Retrieved from http/www/budget/monitoring.org/spotlight/2006 National Bureau of statistics, (2009, May 13).Social statistics in Nigeria, retrieved from www.scribd.com/doc/53345549/Social-Statistics-in-Nigeria-2009 National Bureau of statistics, (2010, October 12): Literacy survey, retrieved from www.nigeriastart.ng.come Nigerian News World, (2011, October 1). Why Governors shun UBEC funds. Nigerian News World. Retrieved from http://www.nigeriannewsworld.com/content/whygovernors-shun-ubec- funds Nigerian Office of Statistics, (2012, July 21). Poverty structure in Nigeria based line data. Retrieved http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/valuefronteira.com. NUT, (2013, May 1). NUT call for UNESCO’S 26% budget to education. Nigeria sun newspapers. Retrieved from www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/214228653/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3 Ogbonnnaya, N. (2000). Foundation of education finance. Onitsha: Cape publisher international Ogundiya, I. S. (2010). Democracy and good governance: Nigeria’s dilemma. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4 (6), 201-208. Ohara, P.A. (2004). Global political economy and the wealth of nations: Performance, institutions, problems and policies. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis group. Ojo, E. (2010). Politics of revenue allocation and resource control in Nigeria: implication for federal stability, federal governance. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 7(1), 15-38. Okafor, C.F., & Anaduaka, S.U. (2013). The UBE programme in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. Journal of Education Research, 2(3), 42-48. Okoroma, N.S. (2006). Educational policies and problems of implementation in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Adult learning, 46 (2), 243-263. Okotoni, O. (2001). Problems and prospects of Nigerian Bureaucracy. Journal of Social Science, 7(3), 223-229. Okuwa, O., & Combel O. (2011).The influence of strike on the choice of Higher education demand in Oyo state, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(4), 275-280. Olaniyan, D. A., & Okemakande, T. (2008). Human capital theory: Implication for educational development. European Journal of Scientific Research, 24(2), 157-162. Olaniyan, D.A., & Obadata, O.E. (2008). A critical review of management of primary education in Nigeria. International Journal of African and African American Studies, 7(1), 9-20. Oloyede, I. O. (2012, August 8). Why education sectors growth is stunted. Vanguard, August 2012 retrieved from http/www.Vanguardngr.com/2012/08/why Olusola, A.I., Ayodele, J.B., & Osiki, P. (2011). Political leadership and development of education in Nigeria: lesions for African nations, Journal of Education and Practice IISTE, 2(8), 19-27. Oni, O.J. (2009). Management of primary education in Nigeria, trends, constraints and solutions. Medwell Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (3), 286-290. Onukaogu, C.E. (2009). Reading in Nigeria: Yesterday, today and tomorrow the place of reading association in Nigeria. Journal of Basic Education in Nigeria, 7, 19-35. Osabuohien, E., Efobi R.U., & Salami, A. (2012). Planning to fail or failing to plan: Institutional response to Nigerian development questions. Working paper series, no162, Washigton: African Development Bank. Ostrom, E. (1997). Crossing the great divide: Coproduction, synergy and development. In Evans, P. (eds) State –society synergy: Government and social capital in development (85-118). USA: University of California. Otive, I. (2006, March 9). Review of Nigerian millennium development goals report. Paper presented at the MDG/ GCAP Nigeria planning meeting held in Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved on 25 June, 2012 from https://books.google.com.my/books?id=D4e0AAAAIAAJ&q=Otive, Otu E. (2011). Underfunding of education and African development challenges: Issues and perspectives. Global Education Review, 1(1), 1-10. Owoyele, J.W., & Kareem, A.O. (2011). Teacher school- based assessment practice to enhance UBE in Ijebu division of Ogun state. Journal of African Educational Research, no.2, 106-112. Papadimitrious, A. (2011). The enigma of quality in Greek higher education. PhD thesis, university of Twente. Park, C.Y. Stiglitz, J. E., & Vallego, J.J.(1993).The role of state in financial market. Washington D.C: World bank Park, H., Fey, C., & Bjorkman, I. (2003). MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies, 34, 586-593. Paul, A.F. (2011). Primary schools, community and social capital in Nigeria. Lagos: Longman Peng, T., & Fredrikson, B. (2008). An African exploration of the East Asian education experience. Washington D.C.: World Bank Pickernell, D., Packham, D., & McCarthy, S. (2014). The potential of and framework for promoting a business angel university and intellectual property exploitation: A case study from Wales. In Fayolle, A., & Redford D.T. (eds.), Hand Book on the entrepreneur universities (317-339). USA: Edward Elger Popp, R., Kaisler, S.H., Allen, D., Revilla, C.C., Carley, K.M., Azam, M., Russel, A., Choucri, N., & Kugler, J. (2006). Assessing nation –state instability and failure. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 1, 1-18. Porter, D., & Craig, D. (2006). Development beyond neo-liberalism, governance, poverty reduction and political economy. USA: Routledge. Prasad, S., & Tata, T. (2003).The role of socio-cultural, political-legal, economic and educational dimensions in quality management. International Journal of Production and Quality Management, 23 (5), 487-521. Precious, G. (2012, June12). MDGs: Looking beyond 2015. leadership newspaper. 2012http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/27128/2012/06/12/niger_discovers Premium times, (2013, April 4). Declining enrolment in primary education in Nigeria: Who bear the responsibility. Premium times newspaper. Retrieved from premiumtimeng.com/operation Punch, (2013, October 11). Why FG introduced Ubec. Punch newspaper. Retrieved fromhttp://www.punchng.com/education/why-fg-introduced-ube-ubec-chairman/ Punch, K. F. (2010). Introduction to social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Second edition, London: Sage publications ltd. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work civic tradition in modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press Putnam, R. D. (2004). Democracies in flux: The evolution of social capital in contemporary society. New York: Oxford University Press Raja, A.V., & Dash, B. B.(2009). Institution and the quality of governance: An empirical study on interstate differences in economic development in India. Asia pacific development journal, 16 (1), 1-26. Rasmussen, N.H., & Eichorn, C. J. (2000). Budgeting technology, trends, software selection and implementation. New York: Wiley. Richard, J. (2009). On the measurement of political instability and its impact on economic growth. European Journal of Political Economy, 25 (1), 15-29. Richter, R., & Furubotn, E.G. (2008). Institution and economic theory: The contribution of the new institution economics. Second edition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan press. Risikat, O. (2010). Investment in education and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical evidence. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 55, 158-176. Risikat, O. (2011). Effects of public educational spending and macroeconomics uncertainty on schooling outcomes evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 16 (31), 8-21. Ritter, A. (2010). Anarchism: A theoretical analysis. New York: Cambridge university press. Robert, D. (2003). Public management and sustainable development military and bureaucratic relationship in Nigeria. England: Ashgate publishing limited. Rose, B. (2005). Funding Nigerian libraries in the 21st century: Will funding for alternative sources suffices? Emerald Journal of Management, 18 (2), 71-75. Rosenberg, N., & Birdzell, L.E (1986). How the West Grew Rich. London: Basic Book Inc. Rosenbloom, D. H., Shafritz, J., Naff, K., & Riccucei, N. (2007). Personnel management in government. 6th edition. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Roxas, B., & Chadee, D. (2012). Effects of informal institutions on the performance of micro- entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 13 (4), 320-348. RTI, (2004, July 15). Understanding public financing of primary education in Nigeria. Retrieved from www.rti.org Rueschemeyer, D. (2005).Building states-inherently a long term process? An argument from theory. In Lange, M and D. Rueschemeyer (eds.), State and development: Historical antecedents of stagnation and advance (239-258) New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Rufa’i, A. R. (2013, March 01). FG is committed to education for all. Vanguard newpaper. Retrieved from http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/03/fg-iscommitted-to-education-for-all-minister/ Rufa’i, R. (2012a, March, 27).3 trillion spending on education not impactful –FG. Vanguard Newspaper Retrieved from http://www.vanguardngr.com/?x=0&y=0&s=Ruqayyattu Rufa’i, R. (2012b, April, 4 ) 10 million Nigerian kids out of school. Daily sun newspaper. Retrieved from 4/ April 2012 http/www.school newsonline.com Sabella, A. (2012, April, 4). Replicating the Asian Tigers economy in Nigeria. Punch newspaper. Retrieved from 4/4/12 http/www.punchng.com/view point Saboohi, N., & Sushil, (2010). Managing continuity and change a new approach for strategizing in e-government. Emerald Journal of Policy Studies 4(4) 338-364. Sahara, (2013, July 14). Nigeria rated 8th most corrupt country in the world. Sahara newspaper. retrieved from http://saharareporters.com/news-page/nigeria-rated-8th-most-corrupt- nation-pm-news-lagos Samuel, A., & Gboyega, A. (1999). Book sufficiency and press efficiency: Necessary tools for man, nation and development. Emerald Library Review, 48(2), 84-90. Schneeberger, K., Kalaitzandonakes, N., & Kolympiris, C.(2014).Where do academic‘s entrepreneurs locate their firms? How to access the development of entrepreneurship education at university level? In Fayolle, A. & Redford, D.T. (eds.), Hand Book on the entrepreneur universities (pp408-428). USA: Edward Elger Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human Capital. American Economic Review, 51, 1 – 17. Schwandt, A. T. (2007). The Sage Dictionary of qualitative inquiry. California: Sage publication. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. Fifth edition. New York: John Wiley and sons ltd publication. Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. USA: Oxford University Press. Serafein, G., & Loannou, L. (2012). What drives corporate social performance? The role of nation level institutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 834-864. Sewell, D. (2001).Government and the business environment in West Bank Gaza. Washington DC : World Bank working paper. Shamsul, M, H. (2014). Reinventing Public Governance in Singapore: Major Reforms Premises, Initiatives and Consequences In Mudacumura, G. M. & Morcol, G. (Eds.), Challenges of Democratic Governance in Developing Countries (73-94). New York: Springer Cham Heidelberg. Shepsle, K.A. (1991). Discretion, institutions and problems of government commitment. In Coleman, J.S. & Bourdieh, P. (eds.), Social theory for changing society (245-62). New York: Russell Sage foundation. Slotteje, D. (2010). Human capital measurement: Theory and practice. Journal of Economics Survey, 24 (2), 201-205. Stark, M. (2010). The East Asian development state as reference model for transition economies in central Asia-an analysis of institutional arrangements and exogenous constraints. Journal Economic and Environmental Studies, 10 (2), 189-210. Stephen, S. E. (2010). The resource curse and private investment: A theoretical model of the impact of corruption, education, business and society, contemporary Middle Eastern issue. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 3(2), 117-135. Storpar, M. (2000). Conventions and institutions rethinking problems of state reform, governance and policy. In Buirlamaqui, L., Castro, C, A. & Chang, H.J. (eds.), Institution and the role of the state (73-102). USA: Edward Elger. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basic qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: Sage publication Inc. Sunal, C.S., Sunal, D.W., Rufai, R. Inuwa, A., & Haas, M. E. (2003). Perception of unequal access to primary and secondary education: Findings from Nigeria. African Studies Journal, 46 (1), 93-116. Susan van der M. (2007). Informal Institutions: Friend or Foe of Development? A Policy Perspective from South Africa. In Johannes, J., Denis. D., Sebastian, B. & Indra de, S. (eds.), Informal Institutions how social norms help or hinder development (19-28). Paris: OECD publishing. Teorell, J. Lapuente, U., & Dahlstrom, C. (2012). The merit of meritocralization: Politics, bureaucracy and the institutional deterrents of corruption. Political Research Quarterly, 65 (3), 656-668. Theumynck, S. (2009). School construction strategies for UPE in Africa: Should communities be empowered to build their schools. Washington D.C: World Bank Thomson, R. (2011). Policy of education in global economy. An Intermediary Journal of Educational Policy and Practice, 25(1), 25-42. Todaro, M.P. & Smith, S.C. (2007). Economic Development. 8th edition, India : Pearson education. Tsafe, A.K. (2013). A crictical analysis of basic education and its implementation so far. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2 (1), 1-12. The Sun (2013, March 22). Cost of doing business, World Bank ranks Nigeria 131 out of 183. The Sun newspaper. Retrieved from sunnews.online.com.news/risk of doing business. The Sun (2013, June 1). World Bank alert on worsening poverty. The Sun newspaper. Retrieved from www.sunnewspaper.ng.com The Guardian (2014, February 5th). UK struggle to stay in global economy premier league. Guardian newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/feb/05/uk- Ugoh, S.C., & Ukpere, W.I. (2009). Problems and prospects of budgetary and budget implementation in local government system in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 3(12), 836-846. UNDP, (2011). Fighting corruption in the education sector, methods, tools and good practices, bureau for development policy. New York: United Nations UNESCO, (2004).Basic Text. Paris: UNESCO. UNESCO, (2008a). National Education support strategy. Paris: UNESCO. UNIDO, (2008b).Public good for economic development. Washington D.C.: UNIDO publication. Universal Basic Education Commission, (2012, March 27). 2011 Annual report. Retrieved from www.ubeconline.com Urinboyev, R. (2013). Living law and political stability in post-Soviet Central Asia. A case study of the Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan. PhD thesis, Lund university, Sweden. USAID, (2005). Commitment for action: Assessing leadership for confronting the HIV/AIDs epidemic lessons learned from studies in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Vietnam. Washington D.C : USAID Usman, M. L. (2011). Universal basic education laws and curriculum implementation: Challenges for teachers of traditional schools system in the Northern Nigeria. ISEA, 39(3), 115-132. Uzochukwu, A. (2012). Public expenditure on education and healthcare in Nigeria: Who benefit and why. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 26-37. Van Assche, K., & Martijn D. R. (2014). Evolutionary Governance Theory. Springer: New York Varoudakis,V., Nabil, K.M., & Aysan, A.F.(2007).Governance institution and private investment an application to the middle east and north Africa. The Developing XLV(3), 339-77. Vasconcelos, D. S. (2014). Minsky on Big Government. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 34 (2), 15-38. Venderstoep, S.W., & Johnston, D. D. (2009). Research method for everyday life: blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Vincent, U. K. (2012, August, 17). Revenue allocation tears Nigeria apart. The Sun newspaper. Retrieved from Sunnewspaper http/www.Sunnewsonline.com. Vladimir, K. T. (2007). Institutional quality and endogenous economic growth. Journal of Economics Studies, 34(1), 29-41. Wade, R. (1990). Governing the market economic theory and role of government in East Asia industrialization. New Jersey, N.J: Princeton University Press. Wagener, H.J. (2004). Good governance welfare and transformation. European Journal of Comparative Economies, 1, 127-143. Wagle, S., & Shah, P. (2002). Participation in public expenditure tracking. Washington D.C. : World Bank. WHO, (2005). The Bankok charter for health promotion in a globalized world. Washington D.C.: World Bank William, S., Teresa, A., & Hornet, E. S. (2003). Education in Nigeria: A status report. Journal of Higher Education Policy 16, 259-281. Woessmann, L. (2001). Why students in some countries do better: international evidence on the importance of education policy. Summer Education Matters, 1(2), 67-74. Wolfensohn, J.D. (2002a). Building a consensus for development assistance. Washington D.C.: World Bank Wolfensohn, J.D. (2002b). Making the world a better and safer place: The time for action is now. Politics, 22(2), 118-123. World Bank (2009). School Education in Nigeria: Preparing for Universal Basic Education. (Human Development II, African Region). Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank development indicator, (2012c). Public expenditure on education. Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank, (2012a). KEI AND KI INDEXES. Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank, (1993). World development report. Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank, (1997). The state in the changing world. New York: World Bank World Bank, (2003). School education in Nigeria: preparing for universal basic education (human development III African Region). Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank, (2010). Knowledge, productivity and innovation in Nigeria: creating a new economy. Washington D.C: World Bank. World Bank, (2012b).Implementation, completion and results report on Nigeria for a state education sector project, African education department. Washington D.C: World Bank. World education forum, (2000).Thematic studies: Achieving education for all demographic challenges. Paris: UNESCO Wright, M., Kafouros, M., & Hong. W. (2012). Exploring the role of government involvement in outward FDI from emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 655-676. Yakubu, O.S. (2011). Children literacy development and book industry in Nigeria: the EFA 2015 policy somersault. Malaysian Journal of Media Studies, 13, (1), 51-63. Yap, J.T. (2012). Regional cooperation in education: Issues of developing countries in the Asia pacific, Philippine Institute of development studies, 3, 1-25. Yusuf, T.M. (2000). The human factor in national development. Ibadan: Spectrum books.

Similar Items