Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis

The literature review on novice teachers shows 33 percent teachers leave the teaching profession at the early stage meanwhile local studies emphasis mainly on the aspects related to classroom, effectiveness and the quality of the Post Graduate Teacher Training Programme. It also showed that aspects...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zakaria, Mohd Arif
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/1/s93293.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/2/s93293_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.5345
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Don, Yahya
Raman, Arumugam
topic LB1050.9-1091 Educational psychology
spellingShingle LB1050.9-1091 Educational psychology
Zakaria, Mohd Arif
Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
description The literature review on novice teachers shows 33 percent teachers leave the teaching profession at the early stage meanwhile local studies emphasis mainly on the aspects related to classroom, effectiveness and the quality of the Post Graduate Teacher Training Programme. It also showed that aspects related to emotional intelligence, work stress and work commitment amongst novice teachers are less researched on although it is proven that they have high impact on these teachers. Hence, this research aims to thoroughly look into the influence of emotional intelligence on the stress and commitment levels among novice teachers in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Three data collection methods used in this research were Assessing Emotions Scale, Teachers Stress Inventory and Organisational Commitment Questionnaire. Observational research design was conducted through stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. Sample of respondents comprised of 325 novice teachers with one to three years of teaching experience. Various data analysis techniques were applied in this research such as mean, correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model. Multiple Group Analysis was carried out whereby the result shows no demographic differences except for gender and age of the novice teachers. However, correlation analysis showed low positive value whereas the emotional intelligence and stress factors showed 18 percent changes of the variant towards novice teachers’ commitment. The analysis from SEM also showed that emotional intelligence and work stress contribute to the teachers’ level of work commitment. Work stress also influences 91 percent of the relationship between emotional intelligence and work commitment. Hence, this research shows that it is important for novice teachers to have a solid emotional intelligence. They should be able to manage their work stress wisely in order to improve their work commitment in the teaching profession. This strength will help to develop and maintain human capital amongst teachers and to undergo dynamic changes in the education.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Zakaria, Mohd Arif
author_facet Zakaria, Mohd Arif
author_sort Zakaria, Mohd Arif
title Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
title_short Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
title_full Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
title_fullStr Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
title_full_unstemmed Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
title_sort pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate 2015
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/1/s93293.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/2/s93293_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827913461334016
spelling my-uum-etd.53452021-03-29T09:20:19Z Pengaruh kecerdasan emosi terhadap stres dan komitmen guru novis 2015 Zakaria, Mohd Arif Don, Yahya Raman, Arumugam Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences LB1050.9-1091 Educational psychology The literature review on novice teachers shows 33 percent teachers leave the teaching profession at the early stage meanwhile local studies emphasis mainly on the aspects related to classroom, effectiveness and the quality of the Post Graduate Teacher Training Programme. It also showed that aspects related to emotional intelligence, work stress and work commitment amongst novice teachers are less researched on although it is proven that they have high impact on these teachers. Hence, this research aims to thoroughly look into the influence of emotional intelligence on the stress and commitment levels among novice teachers in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Three data collection methods used in this research were Assessing Emotions Scale, Teachers Stress Inventory and Organisational Commitment Questionnaire. Observational research design was conducted through stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. Sample of respondents comprised of 325 novice teachers with one to three years of teaching experience. Various data analysis techniques were applied in this research such as mean, correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model. Multiple Group Analysis was carried out whereby the result shows no demographic differences except for gender and age of the novice teachers. However, correlation analysis showed low positive value whereas the emotional intelligence and stress factors showed 18 percent changes of the variant towards novice teachers’ commitment. The analysis from SEM also showed that emotional intelligence and work stress contribute to the teachers’ level of work commitment. Work stress also influences 91 percent of the relationship between emotional intelligence and work commitment. Hence, this research shows that it is important for novice teachers to have a solid emotional intelligence. They should be able to manage their work stress wisely in order to improve their work commitment in the teaching profession. This strength will help to develop and maintain human capital amongst teachers and to undergo dynamic changes in the education. 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/1/s93293.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5345/2/s93293_abstract.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abd Aziz Yusof. (2000). Gelagat organisasi. Petaling Jaya: Prentice Hall Pearson. Abd Ghafar Mahmud. (2013). Teks ucapan sempena hari guru peringkat kebangsaan kali ke 42 tahun 2013. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Putra Jaya. Abdul Rahim Aris (2002). Kajian ke atas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stres dan niat untuk meninggalkan profesion perguruan di kalangan guru sekolah menengah dan sekolah rendah di daerah Kota Tinggi, Johor. Tesis sarjana. Tidak diterbitkan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Abdul Said Ambotang., & Muhammad Hisyam Hashimi. (2005). Hubungan iklim Kerja dan stres dalam pengurusan bilik darjah dalam kalangan guru pra sekolah. Jurnal of Techno – Social. Abdul Shukor Abdullah. (1999). Perutusan hari guru 1999. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. Abdul Qayyum, C. (2012). An analysis of relationship between occupational stress and demographics in universities: The case of Pakistan. Bullern of Education and Research, vol 34 (2), 1-5. Abdul Wahid Nordin. (1996). Stres pekerjaan di kalangan guru. Satu kajian kes. Tesis (B.Ed). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah. Abouserie, R. (1996). Stress, coping strategies and job satisfaction in Universiti Academic Staff. Educational Psychology, 16(1), 49-56. Abu Bakar Nordin. (1994). Cabaran pendidikan guru: Falsafah dan strategi dalam pembentukan guru yang unggul. Kuala Lumpur: Masa Enterprise. Abu Omar Mos. (1996). Punca dan tahap tekanan pengurusan di kalangan pentadbiran sekolah rendah (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Achinsteini, B., & Athanass, S. Z. (2006). Mentor in the making: Developing new leaders for new teachers. New York: Teachers College Press. Adnan, I. (2010). An empirical assessment of demographic factors, organizational commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, vol 5 (3). Afzaal H. & Afzaal, Taha (2013), An Investigation of Relationship among Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Academics in Brunei Darussalam. International Business Research,Vol. 6 (3). 217-228. Ahsan, R., & Sumera, K. (2012). Relationship of emotional intelligence and stress at workplace: Taking in perspective the public and private sector universities of Peshawar. European Journal of Economic, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 46, 1450-2275. A. Khatibi, H.Asadi., & M. Hamidi. (2009). The relationship between job stress and organizational commitment in National Olympic and Paralympic Academy. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(4), 272-278. Aityan, S. K., & Guptha, T. K. P. (2012). Challenges of employee loyalty in cooporate America. Business and Economic Journal 2012 (BEJ – 55), 1-13. Akomolafe, M. J. (2011). Emotional intelligence and locus of control as predictors of burnout among secondary school teachers. European Journal of Social Sciences, vol 20, 369. Akomolafe. M. J. (2011). Emotional intelligence, gender and occupational stress among secondary school teachers in Ondo Sate, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 8 (4), 159-165. Alfassi, M. (2004). Effect of learner – centred environment on the academic competence and motivation of students at risk. Learning Environment Research, 7 (1), 1-22. Ali Bin Hamsa (2012) Majlis Penutup Persidangan Suruhanjaya-Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia. Ipoh: Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia Ali Murat Sunbul. (2003). An analysis of relations among locus of control, burnout and job satisfaction in Turkish High School Teachers. Australian Journal of Education. 47, April 2003. Alimuddin Mohd Dom. (2010). Majlis pelancaran sambutan hari guru 2010, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Putra Jaya. Allen, N.J., & Mayer, J. P. (1997). Commitment in the workplace : Theory Research and Application, United Stated of America: Sage Publications. Akbas, E. (2006). Determining the emotional intelligence levels of the primary school teachers in faith, Istanbul. Unpublished Master Theses. Yeditepe University, Institute of Social Science, Istanbul. Akihito, S. (2003). “Effect of stress management program for teacher in Japan: A Pilot Study. Journal of Occupational Health, 45, 202-208. Akhiar P., Shamsina S. & Muhamad K. J. (2012). Asas kepimpinan dan perkembangan profesionalisme guru (Edisi Pertama). Kuala Lumpur: Freemind Horizons. Ameriks, J., Wranik T., & Salovey, P. (2009). Emotional intelligence and investor behavior. Research Foundation of CFA Institute. Amitay, O. A., & Mongrain, M. (2002). Emotional intelligence and interpersonal communication. Journal of social psychology, 147, 325-343. Anari,. & Nahid, N. (2012). Teachers emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Workplace Learning, 24 (4), 256-269. Anuradha, M. (2013). A study of how emotional intelligence reduces occupational stress among teacher. International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management and Technology. Vol 11. Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). Amos 18 user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Arora, S., Ashrafian, H., Davis R., Athanasiou, T., & Darzi, A., & Sevdalis, N. (2010). Emotional intelligence in medicine: a systematic review through the context of the ACGME competencies. Medical Education, 44, 749-764. Arvind, H., Soofi Asra, M., & Ruwaiya Salim, S. (2013). A study on emotional intelligence among teacher. A case study of private educational institution in Muscat. International Journal of Application and Innovation in Engineering of Management. Vol. 2 (7). Ary, D., Jacobs, L., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Canada: Wadswort Cengage Learning. Asri Marsidi & Hamrila Abdul Latip (2007). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi komitmen pekerja di organisasi awam. Jurnal Kamanusiaan, bil 10. Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1995). Emotions in the workplace. A reappraisal Human Relations, 48, 97-125. Ashkanasy, N. M., & Humphrey R. H. (2010). Current emotion research in organizational behavior. Emotion Review, 3, 214-224. Asliza Awang Kechil. (2004). Hubungan tahap kecerdasan emosi dengan tahap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen terhadap kerjaya : Satu Kajian Di Kalangan Guru-guru Kaunseling Sekolah Menengah Di Daerah Johor Bahru (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Asri Mursidi, & Hamrila Abdul Latip. (2007). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi komitmen pekerja organisasi awam. Jurnal Kemanusiaan. Bil 10. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Atan Long. (1984). Pendidik dan pendidikan. Petaling Jaya: Penerbitan Fajar Bakti. Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., Huang, S. H. S., & McKenney, D. (2004). Measurement of trait emotional intelligence: Testing and cross-validating a modified version of Schutte et al.’s (1998) measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 555-562. Aydin, M. D., Leblebici, N. D., Arslan, M, Kilic, M., and Oktem, M. K. (2005). The impact of IQ and EQ on pre-eminent achievement in organizations: Implications for the hiring decisions of HRM specialists. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), 701-719. Azizah Sarkowi (2012). Penilaian program praktikum: Model pembentukan dan peningkatan kualiti guru pra perkhidmatan di Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia. Tesis Kedoktoran, tidak diterbitkan. Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok. Azizi Yahya, Jamaludin & Mazeni Ismail. (2010). Stres dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah di empat buah negeri di Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 25, 103-136. Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Jamaludin Ramli, Yusof Boon & Abd Rahim Hamdan. (2009). Menguasai penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. BS Print (M) Sdn Bhd. Azizi Haji Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim &Tee Sook Kim. (2006). Occupational stress among technical teachers in technical school in Johore, Melacca and Negeri Sembilan. Faculty of Education, University of Technology Malaysia. Dapatan dari: eprints.utm.my/5912/1/Aziziyah technical.pdf. Azlina Kosnin & Rohana. (2008). Hubungan antara stres kerja dengan kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan guru besar di daerah Batu Pahat. Kertas Kajian Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2007). Manual Kualiti Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (Febuari). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Babbie, E. (2001). The practice of social research. 9th Eds. Belmont, CA: Wodsworth. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2006). Laporan Tahunan 2006. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2010). Modul Program Induksi Guru Permulaan. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2011). Modul program pembangunan guru baru. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Bahagian Pendidikan Guru. (2010). Manual kualiti Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Ball, S. J., & Goodson, I. F. (1985). Teachers live and careers, London: Falmer. Balaswamy, R. C. (2011). Occupational stress of primary school teachers working in Kuppam Mandal. Unpublished, M. Phill. Dissertation, Dravidian University, Kuppam. Bandura, A. (1976). Self – reinforcement: Theoretical and methodological consideration behaviorism, 4, 135-155. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next. International Journal of Selection and Assessment. 9, 9-30. Bar-On, R. (2000). Emotional and social intelligence: Insights from the emotional quotient inventory. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 363-388). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Bar-on, R. (2012). The factorial structure of the Bar – On model. Retrieved from: http://www.reuvenbaron.orgbar-on.model/essay. php?1-22. Bar-on, R., & Greenberg, J. (1990). Behaviour in organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Slide Work (3th Edition). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Bar-on, R., Handley, R., & Fund S. (2006). The impact of emotional intelligence on performance. Current research evidence. Mahwah MJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): Technical manual. Toronto, ONT: Multi-Health Systems. Bar-On, R. (2004). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): Technical manual. Toronto, ONT: Multi-Health Systems. Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31, 665-699. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. Berita Harian, 18 Jun 2009. Bennet, H., & Durkin, M. (2000). The effects of organizational changes on employee psycological attachment: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Management Psycology 15(2): 126-147. Benson, H. & Allen, R.L. (1993). “How much stress is too much? Harvard Business Review. Vol.28, 109-116. Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in education. (10th ed.) Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Bhadouria Preeti (2003). Role of emotional intelligence for academic achievement students. Research Journal of Education Sciences. Vol. 1(2), 8 – 12. Bhadoria, D., & Singh, T. (2010) Relationships of age and gender with burnout among primary school teachers. Indian Journal of Social Science Research, 7(2), 10 – 17. Billingsley, B. S. (1993). Teacher retention and attrition in special and general education: A critical review of the literature. The Journal of Special Education, 27(2), 137-173. Borg, M. G. (1990). Occupational stress in British educational setting: A Review Educational Psychology. 10(2), 103-125. Borg, M. G., Riding, R. J., & Falzon, J. M. (1991). Stress in teaching: A study of occupational stress and its determinants, job satisfaction and career commitment among primary school teachers. Educational Psychology, Vol. 11, 59-75 Boyas, J. & Wind, L. H. (2010).Employment-based social capital, job stress, and employee burnout: A public child welfare employee model. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), 380-388. Boyatzis, R., & Goleman, D. (2001). Clustering competencie in emotional intelligence insights from the emotional intelligence inventory (ECI) in Bar – On and Parker, JDA (Eds). Handbook of EI. Jossey – Bass: San Francisco. Boyatzis, R. E., & Sala, F. (2004). Assessing emotional intelligence competencies. In G. Geher (Ed.), The measurement of emotional intelligence, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 147 – 186. Boyle, J.G., Borg, Falzon., & Bagloini. (1995). A structural model of the dimensions of teacher stress. British Journal of Education Psychology 65, 49-67. Borneo Post. (1996, Mei 9). 75 have quit teaching profesion since 1993. Borneo Post. Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). ‘Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of selfreport and performance measures of emotional intelligence’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 780-95. Brackett, M.A., Palomera, R., Majsa, K.J., Rayes, J.M.R., & Salovey, P. (2010). Emotional regulation ability, burnout and job satisfaction among British secondary school teacher. Psychology in the schoo, Vol 47 (4), 406-417. Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Implication for personal, social, academic and workplace succes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, vol 5 (1), 88-103. Brown, G. T. L., Lake, R., & Matter, G. (2011). Queensland teachers conceptions of assessment. the impact of policy priorities on teacher attitudes. Teaching and teacher education, 27 (1), 210-220. Buchanan, B. (1974). “Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations”. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 19, 533-546. Burcak, C. G. (2013). Examining organizational commitment of private teachers. Journal of Education and Instructional Studies in the World, Vol 3 (2), 04 Buzan, T. (2001). The power of spiritual intelligence. New York: Perfect Bound. Byrne, B., M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programing, New York: Routledge. Calderhead, J., & Shorrock, S. B. (1997). Understanding teacher education: Case studies in the professional development of beginning teachers. London: The Falmer Press. Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., & O’Reilly, L. A. (1990). Building organizational commitment: A multifirm study. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 370-380. Caroline A., & Moses, W. (2011). Factors contributing to stress among public secondary school teachers in Vihiga District, Kenya. International Journal of Current Research. Vol 3 (4), 190 – 193. Capel, S. A. (1987). The incidence of an influences on stress and burnout in secondary school teachers. British Journal of Education Psychology, 57, 279-288. Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence, and work attitudes, behaviour and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18, 788-813. Centre for Creative Leadership. (1994). http://www.Yahoo.Com/ (06.02.2007) Carson, K. D., & Carson, P. P. (1998). Career Commitment, competencies and citizenship. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(2), 195 – 208. Cetin, F. Basim, H. N. & Aydogan, O. (2011). The relationship between organizational commitment and burnout: A study on teachers. Selcuk University Institute of Social Sciences 25, 61-70. Cevent, C. (2005). Teacher organizational commitment in educational organization (Master Thesis). Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Chang, M. L. (2009). An appraisal perspective of teacher burnout: Examining the emotional work of teachers. Educational Psychology Review, Vol. 21, 193-218. Chaplin, R. P. (1995). Stress and job satisfaction. A study of English primary school teachers. Educational Psychology, 15, 473-490. Charbonneau, D., & Nicol, A. A. M. (2002). Emotional intelligence and prosocial behaviors in adolescents. Psychological Reports, 90, 361-370. Cheng, Y. C. (2009) Teachers management and educational reforms. Paradigm Shifts. Prospect, 39. 69-89. Chee Kim Meng. (2008). Kualiti guru permulaan keluaran Institut Perguruan. Satu tinjauan dari perspektif pentadbir sekolah. Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan. Jil 23, 49-67. Cheng & Dornyei (2007). The use of motivation strategies in language institution. The case of EFL teaching in Taiwan. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. Vol 1 (1). Cherniss, C., & Adler, M. (2000). Promoting emotional intelligence in organizations: Make training in emotional intelligence effective. Alexandria, VA: American Society For Training & Development. Choi, N., Fuqua, D. R., & Newman, J. L. (2009) Exploratory and confirmatory studies of the structure of the bem sex role inventory short form with two divergent samples. Eucational and Psycological Measurement, 9(4), 696–705. Christine M. B. (2001). The effects of emotional intelligence in the training of novice teachers. Dissertation Abstract, International Section A:Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 62 (5-A). 1797. Christien Karambut & Eka Afnan (2012). Analisis pengaruh kecerdasan emosi, stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen organisasional. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen. Vol 6 (3) Chua Bee Seok., & Adi Fahrudin. (2000). Strategi daya tindak terhadap stres pekerjaan. Prosiding Seminar Kepimpinan Akademik Dalam Pendidikan Guru Alaf Baru, 79-99. Chua Yan Piaw (2006). Kaedah Penyelidikan. McGraw – Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur. Chua, Y. P. (2009). Advanced research statistics: Regression test, factor analysis and SEM analysis. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN: 978-983-3850-51-8. Chughtai, A., & Zahar, S. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment among Pakistan university teacher. Applied H. R. M. Research, 11, 39-64. Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P., & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 197-209. Ciarrochi, J., & Scott, G. (2006). The link between emotional competence and wellbeing: a longitudinal study. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34, 231-244. Clarke, N. (2010). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to transformational leadership and key project manager competences. Project Management Journal. 41, 5-20. Coakes, S,. J., Steed, L., & Ang., R. (2010). SPSS version 17.0 for windows: Analysis without anguish. Singapura: John Wiley & Sons. Cockburn, A. D. (1996). Primary teachers knowledge and acquistion of stress relieving strategies. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 399-410. Cohan, A. (1993). Organizational commitment and turnover; A meta-analysis. Academy of Management Jounal, 36(5), 1140-1157. Cohen. L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research method in education (6th ed). London: Routledge Falmer. Cooper, J. F. (1995). A primer of brief psychotherapy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: Overview of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, 11-28. Cooper, R. K., & Sawaf, A. (1997). Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in leadership and organization. New York: Grosset/Putnam. Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J., & Williams, S. (1988). Occupational stress indicator management guide. Windsor: NFER-Nelson. Cresswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Crick, A. T. (2002). Emotional intelligence, social competence, and success in high school students. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green. Crombie, D. T., Lombard, C., & Noakes, T. D., (2011). Increasing Emotional Intelligence in Cricketers: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 6, 69-86. Culverson, E. D. (2002). Exploring Organizational Commitment Following Radical Change: A Case Study Within The Parks Canada Agency. Master Project paper of Arts in Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Danna, K. Griffin, R.W. (1999). Health and well being in the workplace. A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, Vol. 25. p357. Day, C. (2004). A Passion for Teaching. London: Routledge Falmer. De Lange, A. H., De Witte, H & Notelars, G. (2008). Should I stay or should I go? Examining longitudinal relations among job resources and work engagement for stayers versus mover. Work and Stress, 22, 201 – 223. Dewenter, J., & Kruger, P. (2009). Primary teachers. Psychology Buletin, 78, 109-132. Dickey, D. (1996). Testing the fit of our models of psychological dynamics using confirmatory methods: An introductory primer. Thompson (Ed.), advances in social science methodology, Vol. 4, 219-227. Du, J., Song, Y., Liu, C., & Picken, D. (2007). Variance analyses of job satisfaction and organizational commitment vs demographic variables - a study on construction managers in Wuhan, in Management Challenges in a Global World: Proceedings of the Sixth Wuhan International Conference on EBusiness 2007, Alfred University Press, Alfred, N.Y., 1332-1337. Dun, P (2002). The impact of starting a new venture on entrepreneur and their family: Expectations, reality and willingness. Presented at the Association for Small Business 2002 Annual Conference. Dunham, J. (1992). Stress in teaching (Second Edition), London: Rouledge. Dunham, J. (1984). Stress in teaching. London: Croom Helm. Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M . (2000). Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol 15, 341-373. Dua, J. K. (1994). Job stressor and their effects on physical health, emotional health and job satisfaction in a University. Journal of Education Administration, 32(1), 59-78. Dzul Zabarrod. (2009). Kecerdasan emosi. Pahang: Penerbitan Universiti Malaysia Pahang. Elias, M. J., Zinas, J. E., & Weisberg, R. P. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for Educators, Alexanderia, VA: Association for Supervision Curriculum and Development. Eckola, J. H. (2007). A case study: The benefits and challenges of first year teacher induction as perceived by two first year teachers. Available from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database. (UMI No. 3259717). Embry, R. C. (2002). Teachers: A study has found not proof that state certified educators are more competent. Retrieved December 12, 2003 from http://www.mdtaxes.org/new stories/html. Emma, J., & Sarah, F. (2006). Individual contributory factor in teacher stress. The role of achievement striving and occupational commitment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76 (1), 183-197. Esah Sulaiman. (2003). Modul Pengajaran: Asas Pedagogi, UTM, Skudai: Jabatan Asas Pendidikan, Fakulti Pendidikan. Evers, W. J., Tomic, W., & Brouwers, A. (2004). Burnout among teachers: Students’ and teachers’ perceptions compared. School Psychology International, 25(2), 131-148. Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (1988). Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan. Fantili, R. & McDougall, D. (2009). A study of novice teachers: Challenges and supports in the first years. Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 25, 814-825. Farber, B. A. (1984). Teachers burnout assumptions, myths and issues. Teachers College Record, 86, 321-337. Faridah Karim & Zubaidah Aman. (1998). Implikasi burnout di kalangan guru terhadap sistem pendidikan. Prosiding Seminar Isu-Isu pendidikan Negara, November 26-27. Malaysia : UKM 317-333. Faridah Karim., & Zubaidah Aman. (1999). Peramal burnout di kalangan guru, faktor latarbelakang, tekanan di peringkat organisasi dan sokongan sosial. Jurnal Pendidikan 4, 13-23. Fatiha, S., Abd Razak, Z., & Shanina Sharatol, A. S. (2013). Novice teachers challenges and survival: Where do Malaysian ESL Teachers Stand. American Journal of Educational Research, vol 1 (4), 119-125. Fatimah Tambi. (2002). Pemilihan guru sebagai profesion: Minat terhadap kerjaya atau sebagai langkah pengalihan kerja. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan. IBBM. Kuala Lumpur. Fauziah, M., Rahmah, M. R., Rohani, G., Rasimah, A., & Zabani, D. (2010). Teacher professionalization and organizational commitment: Evidence from Malaysia. International Business & Economics Research journal., Vol 9 (2). Fernandez-Araoz, C. (2001). The challenging of hiring senior executive. In the emotionally intelligent workplac e. C. Cherniss, & D. Goleman, (2001). San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass. Firestone, W. A., & Pennell, J. R. (1993), Teacher commitment, working conditions and differential incentive policies. Review of Education Research, 63, 489-525. Firestone, W. A., & Resenblum, S. (1998). Building commitment in Urban High Schools: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 10, 285-299. Flowers, C. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of scores on the clinical experience rubric: A measure of dispositions for preservice teachers. Educational and Psycological Measurement, 66 (3), 478-488. Flores, M. A., & Day, C. (2006). Contects which shape and reshape new teachers identity. A Multiperspective Study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22 (2), 219-232. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction. (8th edition). Boston : Pearson/Allyn & Bacon Gardner, K. (1984). The health of primary school teacher. New Zealand Journal of Education, H. (1983). Frame of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence. New York: Basic Book. Gardner H. (1975). The shattered mind. New York: Knopf. Garson, G. D. (2009). Structural equation modeling. Dapatan kembali daripada http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/ structur.htm#negativevariance. Gay, L. R. (1992) . Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Gelmen, R. B. (2008). Demographic and occupational correlates of stress and burnout among urban school teachers. ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis. Geving, A. M. (2007). Identifying the types of student and teacher behavior associated with teachers stress. Teaching and teacher Education, 123, 624-640. Ghazali Osman. (1979). An investigation on the sources of job satisfaction of Malaysian school teacher (Doctoral dissertation). University of California. Glickman, C. D. (1981). Developmental supervision: Alternative practices for helping teachers improve instruction. Alexandria, Va: Association for Supervision and Curriculum. Glickman, C. D. (1990). Supervision of instruction: A developmental approach (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon Goddrard., & O’Brien. (2003). Beginning teacher comments about pre-service education and their suggestions for future pre-service training programs. Paper at the Griffith Institute of Higher Education Conference, Brisbane, Australia. Golemen, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Golemen, D. (1999). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more that IQ. New York: Bantam Books Golemen, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more that IQ. New York: Bantam Books. Golemen, D. (2000). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D. (2007). Emotional intelligence (why it can matter more than IQ). (Tran. B Seckin). Stanbul: Varlik yay. Gorard, S. (2001) Quantitative methods in educational research: the role of numbers made easy. London: Continuum Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (1993). Behavior in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A (2005). Behavior in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work. Massachuscets: Allin and Bacon. Grossman, P. L. (1990).The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. New York: Teachers College Press. Guleryuz, G., Guneu, S., E.M., & Asan, O. (2008) The mediating effects of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses; A questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Nurses Studies, 45, 1625-1635. Gurol, O. (2008) The relations between level of Emotional Intelligence of teacher in elementary school and their talents of dealing with stress (Master Thesis). Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. Hailemariam, G., & Prasada, Rao. (2013). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment between academic staff and supporting. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business. Vol. 2 (1). Hair. J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Tatham R., L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F, Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Uppersaddle River, N. J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., & Sarstedt. M. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (Pls – Sem). Sage, Thousand Oaks. Hair, J. F., Black, B. C., Babin, B. J., Rolph, E. Anderson (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7thEdition). Prentice Hall. Halimah Abdul Majid & Eow Yee Lee. (2012). Adakah pengambilan guru dalam kalangan pelajar cemerlang menjana pendidikan berkualiti. Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan Pendidikan Guru, 2012. Hamideh, S., Mehrdad, M., & Hasan, S. (2012). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. Vol. 3 (5). 2752 – 2756. Hasegawa, H. M. (2013). Factors influencing novice teacher retention in Hawaii public school. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, vol 73 (7-A) (E). Hayri, D. (2013). Physical education teachers organizational commitment. Educational Research Review, Vol 8 (5), 164-170. Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W., & Woodman, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (6th edition). St Paul: West Publishing Company. Helms, L. M. (2012). Beginning teachers, self efficacy and stress and the supposed effects of induction arrangements. Education Studies, vol 38 (2), 189-207. Henson, R. K., Capraro, R. M., & Capraro, M. M. (2004). Reporting practices and use of exploratory factor analyses in educational research journals: Errors and explanation. Research in the Schools, 11(2), 61-72. Henson, R., K. & Roberts, J., K. (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psycological Measurement, 66, (3), 393-416. Heron, J. (1992). Feeling and person head. SAGE Publications. Herzog, W., Boomsma, A., & Reinecke, S. (2007) The model size effect on traditional and modified tests of covariance structures. Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3). Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, S. (2004). Discovering psychology. New York: Worth Publishers. Hrvind, H., Soofi, A. M., & Ruwaiya, S. (2013). A study of emotional intelligence among teachers: A case study of private educatioanal Insitutions in Muscat. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering of Management, vol 2 (7). Huberman, M. (1989). On teachers career: Once over lightly with a broad brush. International Journal of Education Research, 13, 347-361. Hughes, C., & Dunn, J. (2002). ‘When I say a naughty word’. A longitudinal study of young children’s accounts of anger and sadness in themselves and close others. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 515-535. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M., (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structural analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternative. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. Hung, C. C., & Huan, T. C. (2013). The effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction of vocational high school teachers. Business and Information. (Bali – July 7-9) Hussein Mahmood. (2005). Kepimpinan profesional: Satu utopia? Pemimpin, 5, 39-51. Ibrahim, T., & Marzuki , N. (2011). Kualiti guru permulaan: Pendekatan model persamaan struktural. Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan Pendidikan Guru, 2011. Icobucchi, D. (2010). Structural equation modeling: Fit indices, sample size and advance topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20, 90-98. Ilhan, A. (2011). The teacher level of emotional intelligence some of the demographic variables for investigation. Educational Research and Reviews, Vol 6(13), 786-792. Ilkay Ulutas & Esra Omeroglu (2012). Maternal Attitudes, Emotional Intelligence and Home Environment and Their Relations with Emotional Intelligence of Sixth Years Old Children. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ emotional-intelligence-new-perspectivesand- applications/maternal. Ingersoll, R., & Smith, T. (2004). The impact of induction and mentoring on beginning teacher turnover in high and low poverty schools. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA (2004). Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia, KPM (2011). Pelan strategik Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia, 2011- 2015. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Ioannis, N. (2002) Emotional intelligence in the workplace: Exploring it effects on occupational stress and organizational commitment. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol 10 (4), 327-342. Ioannidou, F., & Konstantikaki, V. (2008). Emphaty and emotional intelligence. What is it really about. International Journal of Caring Sciences. Vol. 1(3), 118–123. Ishak Sin. 2004. Apakah yang tertulis dalam khazanah tulisan ilmiah tentang tret, tingkah laku dan tindakan yang diperlukan untuk menjadi seorang pengetua yang berkesan. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan 14(1). 1-17. Iskandar, Rohaty & Zuria. (2009). Kecerdasan emosi dan komitmen pekerjaan dalam kalangan pensyarah universiti di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 34(1), 173-186. Islam, T., Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, I., Ahmad, A., Saeed, M., & Muhammad, S. (2012). Does compensation and demographical variable influence on teachers commitment and job satisfaction? A study of university of the Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol 7(4), 35–43. Izard, C. E. (2009). Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539. Jamaluddin Yusof. (1990), ‘Masalah Profesional Yang Dihadapi Oleh Guru Baru Dalam Proses Penyesuaian Di Sekolah’, Jurnal Pendidik Guru, Bil. 6, 12-16. Johari Hassan & Noornazifah Md. Suandi. (2012). Kajian terhadap stres di kalangan guru sekolah rendah di zon Permas Jaya, Johor Baharu dari aspek personaliti. Journal of Educational Psychology & Counselling, vol 5 (2012), 97-112. John, M. C., & Taylor, J. W. V. (1999). Leadership Style, School Climate and Institutional Commitment of Teachers. International Forum, 2 (1), 25-27. Johnson, R., B., & Christensen, L. B. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Jon, M. W., Randy, L., & De Simone, J. (2009). Human resourse development; 5th Edition, New York: Cengage Learning. Johannsen, S. E. (2011). An analysis of the occupational stress factors identified by certified teachers. Electronic Theses & Dissertations. Education Administration Dissertation http://hdl.handle,net/10518/3842. Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010 ). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95 , 54-78. Jurgen, P. (2013). Workload, stress and job satisfaction among Waldorf teacher. Institute for Empirical Social Research, vol 3 (2), 111-117. Justice, M., & Espinoza. (2007). Emotional intelligence and beginning teachers candidates. Education, vol 127 (4), 456-461. Kamaruddin Husin. (1995). Dinamika ke sekolah dan bilik darjah. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn Bhd. Kamarudin Haji Kacar. (1989). Siri Pengurusan Pendidikan: Strategi Pentadbiran Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Teks Publishing Sdn. Bhd. Kamaruzaman Kamaruddin. (2007). Tekanan kerja di kalangan guru sekolah menengah. Jurnal Kemanusiaa, Bil. 10. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Kauts, A., & Saroj, R. (2012). Study of teachers effectiveness and occupational stress in relation to emotional intelligence among teachers of secondary stage. Journal of History and Social Sciences, vol 3 (2). Keith, T. Z., Fine, J. G., Reynolds, M. R., Taub, G. E., & Kranzler, J. H. (2006). Higher-order, multi-sample, confirmatory factor analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Fourth edition: What does it measure? School Psychology Review, 35,108-127. Kelley, R., & Chaplan, J. (1993). How bell labs creates star perfomers, Havard Business Review, 71, 128-139. Kernbach, S., & Schutte, N. S. (2005). The impact of service provider emotional intelligence on customer satisfaction. The Journal of Services Marketing, 19, 438 - 444. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2006). Pelan Induk Pembangunan Pendidikan 2006 - 2010. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2012). Pelan Strategik Interim, KPM 2011 – 2020. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 – 2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2006). Professionalisme readiness of novice teachers: Suggested training module.UKM, Bangi: Penerbit Fakulti Pendidikan. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2005). Penilaian latihan mengajar dalam program pendidikan guru di Malaysia. Pulau Pinang: Jawatan Kuasa Penyelarasan Pendidikan Guru (JPPG) Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Pendidikan, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Khair Mohamad. (2014). Perutusan tahun 2014 Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Putra Jaya. Khan, R.M., Ziauddin, Jam, F.A. & Ramay, M. I.(2010). The Impacts of Organizational Commitment on Employee Job Performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15 (3), 292-298. Khani, M. K. & Lalardi, M. N. (2012). Emotional intelligence and organizational commitment between hotel staff in Tehran. American Journal of Business and Management, 1 (2), 54-59. Khatibi, H., & Hamdi, M. (2009). The relationship between job stress and organizational commitment in National Olympic and Paralympic Academy. World Journal of Sport Sciences, vol 2 (4), 272-278. Khosrow, N., Ramli, B., Zaidatol Akmaliah, L. P., & Khairuddin, I. (2012). An empirical investigation of lecturers organizational commitment in technical and vocational colleges in Iran. Journal of Arts Sciences and Commerce, Vol 3 (1). Kim, T. S. (2006). Stres kerja di kalangan guru aliran teknik di Johor, Melaka dan Negeri Sembilan (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Kiveshine, N., Christoff, J. B., & Christo, A. B. (2013). Couses of stress in public school and its impact on work performance of educators. Journal of social sciences, 34 (2), 177-190. Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effect on teachers self – efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience and job stress. Journal of Education Psychology, 102, 741-756. Kline, R. B. (2010). Principle and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press: New York. Knowles, G., & Cole, A. L. (1994). Through preservice teachers’ eyes: Exploring field experiences through narrative and inquiry. New York: Merrill. Komal, N. (2012). Organizational commitment and job satisfaction among teachers during times of burnout. VIKALPA, Vol 37 (2), April – Jun 2012. Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Kremenitzer, J. P., & Miller, R. (2008). Are you a highly qualified, emotionally intelligent early childhood educator? Young Children, 63(4), 106-112. Krishnamurthy, M., & Varalakshmi, S. (2011). Emotional Intelligence a study with special reference to the employee of Salalah College of Technology. International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, vol 2 (1), 27-34. Kronowitz, E. L. (2004). Yoaur first year of teaching and beyond (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Kumar, S., & Sharma, M. (2012). Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Neural Network and Evolutionary Computing. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2, 141-145. Kyriacou, C. (1981). Social support and occupational stress among school teachers. Educational Studies, 7(1), 55-60. Kyriacou. C., & Sutcliffe, J. (1979). Teacher stress and satisfaction. Educational Research, 21, 89-96. Kyriacau, C. & Sutcliffe, J. (1978), Teacher stress: Prevalence, sources and symptoms. British Journal of Education Psychology, 48, 159-167. Kyriacau, C. (1987).“Teacher stress and burnout: An international educational research,”. Educational Research, 29(2), 146-152. Kyriacau, C., & J. Sutcliffe. (1977). The prevalence of stress among teachers in medium size mixed comprehensive school. Research in education, 18, 75-79. Landa, S. A., Zafra, E. L., & Martos, M. (2008). The relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational stress and health in nurses. A questionnaire survey. Int. J. Nurs Stud, 45, 895. Liau, A. K., Liau, W. L., Teoh, G. B. S., & Liau, M. T. L. (2003). The case for emotional Literacy: The influence of emotional intelligence on problem behaviours in Malaysian secondary school students. Journal of Moral Education. 32, 51-66. Lau, P. S. Y., Yuen, M. T., & Chan, R. M. C. (2005). Do demographic characteristics make a difference to burnout among Hong Kong secondary school teachers? Social Indicators Research, 71, 491-516. Leedy, P.D. & Jeanne Ellis Ormrod (2010). Practical Research : Planning and design (9 Edition). Pearson Education. Inc. Lemaire, J. (2009). Addressing teachers workload. Education, pp 6. Leslie, L. E. (2010). Becoming a literacy teacher from teacher preparation through the first two years of literacy teaching. Doctorial dissertation. Retrieved from Proquest Dissertation and Theses Database. Li, Y. X., Yang, X., & Shen, J. L. (2007). The relationship between teachers sense of teaching efficacy and job burnout. Psychology Science (China), 30, 952 – 954. Ling, H. Oi. (2008). Individual and systemic factors influencing secondary school teacher stress in Hong Kong. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Lim., Tina, S.K., & Zorani Wati, A. (2010). Online inservice teachers profesional development in Malaysia. A new possibility? In Global Learn Asia Pacific, 17 May 2010, Penang, Malaysia. Lim – Ng Ai Tee (1990). Factors affecting teachers stress in secondary school. Master Thesis. Unpublish. National University of Singapore. Linda, N. (2012) The relationship between the three components model of commitment, workplace stress and career path application to employees in medium size organization in Lebonan. Journal of Organization Culture, Comunication and Conflic, Volume 16, no.1. Ling, H. Oi. (2008). Individual and systemic factors influencing secondary school teacher stress in Hong Kong. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Little, L .M., Simon, B. C., & Nelson, D. C (2007). Health among leader: Positive and negative affect, engagement and burn out, forgiveness and revenge. Journal of ManagementStudies, Vol 44, 245-260. Lokanadha, R., & Vijaya, A. (2013).Occupational stress of higher secondary teachers working in Vallore District. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, vol 3(1), 9-24. Louis, K. S. (1998). Effects of teacher quality of work life in secondary schools on commitment and sense of school improvement. Journal of School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9 (1), 1-27. Lynn T., & Catherine B. (2011).Understandingnew teachers professional identities through metaphor. Teaching and Teachers Education. 27 (2011). 762-769. Madhu, G., & Manju, G. (2013). A study of the correlates of organizational commitment among secondary school teacher. Issues & Ideas in Educational, Vol 1, 59-71. Madiha, S. (2012). The impact of teachers collegiality on their organizational commitment in high and low achieving secondary schools in Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Studies in Education, Vol 2 (2). Madhu Viswanathan (2005). Measurement error and research design. SAGE. Mahaliza Mansor, Norlia Mat Norwani & Jamal @ Nordin Yunus. (2011). Inventori pembelajaran profesional: Pembinaan inventori, analisis faktor, kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan. Seminar Majlis Dekan-Dekan Fakulti Pendidikan IPTA 2011, Serdang: Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Mahaliza Mansor. (2013). Pembinaan model pembelajaran professional berasaskan sekolah di sekolah menengah harian di Malaysia (Tesis Dr Falsafah). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak. Maharena, N., & Rathod, M. B. (2013). A study of emotional intelligence higher secondary school teacher of Madhya Pradesh. Innovare Journal of Education, vol 1 (1). Maheswari, A. (2005). Professional commitment of teachers. Delhi: Gagenderp Pub. Mahmoud, G., & Seyed Ali, B. S (2012). Emotional intelligence and personnel organizational commitment. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, Vol 11 (8), 1100-1115. Majid, F. A. (2011). School – based assessment in Malaysia school: The concerns of the English teacher. Journal of USA – China Education Review, 8 (10), 393-402. Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57, 519 -530. Marisa, E. (2008). Occupational stress and emotional intelligence: What is the role of perfectionism (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database. Mariya, A., & Tahira, K. (2012). Demographic differences and occupational stress of secondary school teachers. European Scienctific Journal, Vol. 8(5). Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 554-564. Maryam, M., Sayed, S. M., Davood, S. Z., & Abolfazi, B. (2013). The study of the effects of stress management program on transactional model constracts in Yaazd teachers of primary school. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3 (4), 188-193. Masako, K. (2013). Gaps too large: Four novice EFL teachers’ self-concept and motivation. Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol 33 (Jul, 2013), 45-55. Maslow, A. H. (1950). Social theory of motivation. In M. Shore (Ed.), Twentieth century mental hygiene: New directions in mental health (347-357). New York, NY: Social Sciences. Matthew, J. H. (2003). Knowledge management and innovation: How are they related. In Trimbell Greg Eds. Proceedings KM Challenge, 2003, Knowledge Management Conference. Melbourne, Australia. Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. (2002). Emotional intelligence: Science and Myth. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Matthews, G., Emo, A. K., Funk, G., Robert, R. D., & Sxhulze, R. (2006). Emotional intelligence, personality and task-induced stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, Vol. 12 (2), 96-107. Mathieu, J. and Zajac, D. (1990), ``A review of meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates and consequences of organizational commit- ment''. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 108 (2). 171-94. Mavroulis, G. J. (2013). The impact of mentor conversation on the classroom performance of novice teachers. Dissertation abstracts. International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 73 (7-A), 2013. Mayer, J.D., Dipaolo, M.T., & Salovey, P. (1990). Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Person, Asserss 54, 772-781. Mayer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). “A three component conceptualization of organizational commitment; Some methodological”. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-98. Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (1999). Competing model of intelligence. Handbook of human Intelligence. New York: Cambridge. Mayer, J. D., Curaso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. 27(4); 267-298. (Winner of the Mensa Education and Research Foundation and Mensa International Ltd, 2001, Award for Excellence in Research). Mayer, J. D., & Geher, G. (1996). Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion. Intelligence, 22(2), 89-113. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Coruso, D. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, as personality and as a mental ability. In R. Bar-on & J.D.A Parker (Eds), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. New York: Jossey – Bass. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2000). Models of emotional intelligence. In R. J.Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 396-420). New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2004). Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 197-215. Mayer, J. D., Ciarrochi, J. (2001). Emotional intelligence and everyday life: An introduction. New York: Psychology Press. Mayer, J. D., & Cobb. (2000). Educational policy on Emotional Intelligence: Does it makes sense? Educational Psychology Review. Vol. 12(2), 163-183. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional Intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63 , 503-517. Maynard, T. F. (1995). Learning to teach and model of mentoring. In Kelly, T., Mayes, A. (Eds), Issues in mentoring. London Routledge. Mazlan Aris. (2002). Stres Kerja di Kalangan Guru Sekolah Rendah. Satu Kajian di Sekolah Rendah Kawasan Zon Tenggara, Kulai, Johor Darul Takzim (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Mc Gowan, J., Gardner, D., & Fletcher, R. (2006). Positive and negative affective outcomes of occupational stress. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, Vol 35(2), 92-98. Mc Kinney, S. E., Berry, R. Q., Dikerson, D. L., & Campbell, W. (2007). Addressing urban high-poverty school teacher attrition by addressing urban high poverty school teacher retention.Why effective teachers persevere. Education Research and Review, 3 (1), 1-9. Mc Mohan, B. (2007). Educational administrator, conception of whiteness, anti racism and social justice. Journal of Education Administration, vol 45 (6), 1684-1696. Mehtap, C., & Sadegul, A. A. (2005). Adaptation of an emotional scale of Turkish educators. International Education Journal, 6(3), 367-372. Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M (1990). A review and meta analysis of the antecedents, correlates and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108 (2), 171 – 194. Meyer, J. P. and Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Miner, J. B. (1992). Industrial and organizational psychology. New York: Mc Graw Hill International Edition. Mishra, A. K., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1998). Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: the role of trust, empowerment, justice, and work redesign. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 567-588. Miskel, C. G. (1977). Principles attitudes toward work and co-workers. Situational factor, perceived effectiveness and innovation effort. Educational Administration Quarterly, 13(2), 51-57. Moafian, F., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2010). The role of EFL teachers emotional intelligence in their success. ELT Journal Volume 64/ 4 Oktober 2010: Doi: 10.1093/eh/ccpost. Mohd Ali, Ahmad & Razali (2011). Kesediaan kemahiran dan kesedaran sosial guru-guru pelatih di IPG terhadap tugas-tugas guru di sekolah: Kertas kerja dibentangkan di seminar Majlis Dekan-Dekan Pendidikan IPTA 2011, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. Mohd. Azhar Abdul Hamid. (2008). Panduan meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Profesional Publishing Sdn Bhd. Mohd Azhar Yahya (2007). Hubungan kecerdasan emosi dengan komitmen, kepuasan kerja dan tingkah laku warga organisasi. Jurnal Psikologi Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia. Bil 2, 1 – 14. Mohd Hasidin Zainal. (1995). Faktor ciri-ciri yang mempengaruhi stres guru. Kajian di kalangan kakitangan sumber kemahiran hidup sekolah menengah Negeri Johor (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Mohd Majid Konting (2000). “Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan.” Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Mohd Nasrudin Basar, Fatimah Tambi, Ibrahim Mohamad & Nagalingam Karuppiah. (2009). Kualiti guru permulaan daripada perspektif pentadbir di sekolah rendah. Jurnal Penyelidikan Guru, Jilid 4. Mohd Kamal Mohd Ali. (2004). Kompetensi kecerdasan emosi: Pengalaman guru permulaan, Prosiding Seminar Penyelidikan 2004, Maktab Perguruan Keningau, Sabah. Mohd Nor Jaafar. (2008). Kajian Stres Guru Pelatih Praktikum KPLI J-Qaf. Jurnal Penyelidikan, IPSAH. Mohd Nor Jaafar. (2003). Kepimpinan pengajaran, komitmen dan kepuasan kerja. Satu kajian perbandingan dan hubungan antara sekolah berkesan dan sekolah kurang berkesan. (Tesis Dr Falsafah). Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Mohd Najib Ghafar. (2000). Kestabilan emosi guru: Perbandingan antara pensyarah dan pelajar. Jurnal Teknologi, 32 (E), 1-10. Mohd Najib Abdul Ghafar, Azizi Yahya &Yusof Boon. (2002). Kecerdasan emosi; Perbandingan pelatih perguruan ijazah pertama dan ijazah lanjutan (Kajian jangka pendek). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Mohd Sani. (2007). Strategi menginstitusi program mentoran ke arah perkembangan kerjaya guru novis di Malaysia; 14th National Seminar on Educational Leardership and Management, Institut Aminudin Baki, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Mokhtar Ahmad. (1998). Tekanan kerja di kalangan guru sekolah menengah: Satu kajian di Daerah Kulim Bandar Baharu, Kedah Darul Aman (Tesis Sarjana Sains). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Sarawak. Mondal, N. K., Paul, P. K., & Bondyapadhya, A. (2012). A study of emotional intelligence level between secondary school teachers. A study in Burdwan District in West Bengal. International Journal of Social Sciences Tomorrow, vol 1 (4), 1-6. Mondal, J., Shrestha, S., & Bhaila, A. (2011). School teachers: Job stress and job satisfaction, Kaski Nepal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 1. 27-33. Moon, M. J. (2000). Organizational Commitment Revisited in New Public Management: Motivation, Organizational Culture, Sector and Managerial Grid. Public Performance and Management Review, 24(2), 174-194. Montes-Berges, B., & Augusto, J. M. (2007). Exploring the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, coping, social surport and mental health in nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric Mantel Health Nursing, Vol. 14(2), 163-171. Morris & Steers. (1980). 'Influence on Organisational Commitment'. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 17, 31-35. Morrow, P. C(1993). The theory and measuaremental work commitment. JAI Pres, Greenwich. Mousavi, H. S., Yarmohammadi, S., Nosrat, B. A., & Tarasi, Z. (2012). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of physical education teachers. Scholars Research library, Annals of Biological Research, Vol. 3(2) 780 - 788. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover. New York: Academic Press. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L.W. (1976). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vacational Behavior, 14, 224-247. Moon. (2000). Emotional Intelligence Test Available: Didapati daripada http://aped.snu.ac.kr/cyberedu/cyberedul/eng 22-05.html 3/23/03. Moss, C. A. (2008). Power of the five elements: Path to healthy aging and stress resistance. Retrieved from http:///northatindiabooks, wordpress.com. on April 20, 2010). Mousavi, S.H., Yarmohammadi, S., Nasrat, A.B., & Tarasi, Z. (2012). The relationship between Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of physical education teachers. Annals of Biological Research, 3(1), 736-745. Muchinsky, P. M. (1997). Psychology applied to work. (5ft ed.), Pacific Groave: Brooks, Cole Publishing Company. Mullins, L. J. (1999). Management and organizational Behaviour (15th edition). Financial Times Management, London. Muhamad Idham, Zamri Muhamad & Melor Md. Yunus. (2010). Profil KE guru pelatih bahasa mengikut tahun pengajian: GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, Volume 10(2), 2010. Muhamad Kasim & Hamimah Naim. (2011). Persepsi guru permulaan lepasan IPG Kampus Tun Hussein Onn terhadap keberkesanan program KPLI. Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan Pendidikan Guru. Muhammad Mustapha. (1995). Mewujudkan kerjaya guru yang menarik, Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Guru, Allson Klana Resort, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, 13-15 Mac. Murray, B. (1998). Does emotion intelligence matter in the workplace? APA Annual Convention. 29(7). (on-line). Diperolehi daripada: http://www.apa.org/monitor/jul98/emot.html. Mustapa Kasim. (1995). “Guru siswazah: Kajian kes Unversiti Sains Malaysia”. Prosiding Seminar JKLKU ke 9. Bangi : Fakulti Pendidikan UKM. 138-146. Naik, B. K. (2011). Occuapational stress of Anganwadi Teachers in Kuppam Mandal. Unpublished M. Ed, Dissertation, Dravidian University, Kuppam. Naidoo, K. (2012). Stress management and its impact on work performance of education in public school in Kwa Zulu Natal. (Doctoral thesis). Potchefstroom, North West University. Naidoo, S., & Pau, A. (2008). Emotional intelligence and perceived stress. Vol. 63(3), 148-151. Nasir Al-Khahtani (2012). An exploratory study of organizational commitment, demographic variables job and work related variables among employees in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Online International Interdisiplinary Research Journal. Vol 2 (II). Najeemah Yusof (2012). School climate and teachers commitment: A case study of Malaysia. International Journal of Economics Business and management Studies, Vol 1(2), 65 – 75. Nasser Al-Khahtani (2012). An exploratory study of organizational commitment, demographic variables job and work related variables among employees in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Online International Interdisiplinary Research Journal. Vol 2 (II). National Center for Educational Statistics (1999). Teacher quality: a report on the preparation and qualification of public school teacher. Washington. D.C: Department of Education. Newton, D. P., & Newton L. D. (2001). “What heads and student teacher think matter”. Research in Education, 66, 54-64. Nelson & Quick (2006). Organizational behaviour, foundation, realities and challenges (5th edition). Mason: Thompson South-Western. Neo. R. (2004). Fundamental of human resource management. New York: Mc Graw-Hill New Storm. (2007). Organizational behavior – human behavior at work (12th edition). New York: Mc Graw Hill, International Edition. Nias, J. (1996). Thinking about Feeling: The emotions in Teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education, Vol. 26 (3), 293-306. Nikolaou & Tsaosis (2002). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: Exploring its effects on occupational stress and organizational commitment. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 10(4). 327 – 342. Nini Hartini. A., Norlalila. H. Y., & Norfadzilah. A. R. (2014). Assessing emotional intelligence factors and commitment towards organizational change. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 4 (1), January 2014. Noe, R. M., & Monday, R. W. (1996). Human resourse management. (6th Ed). London: Prentice Hall International. Norhayati Ahmad. (2003). Kecerdasan emosi dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian akademik (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah. Noraini Idris (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. McGraw-Hill (Malaysia Sdn Bhd). Kuala Lumpur. Norasmah Othman, Mohammad Sani & Zamri Mohamad. (2007). Penyelidikan pendidikan guru novis. Profesional Guru Novis Modul Latihan. Edisi kedua m.s. 1-24, Fakulti pendidikan UKM. Noriah Mohd Ishak. (2005). Kepintaran emosi di kalangan pekerja di malaysia. Prosiding IRPA-RMK – 8 Kategori EAR, jilid 1, 184-187. Noriah Mohd Ishak, Siti Rogayah Ariffin & Syed Najmudin. (2003). Hubungan antara faktor kecerdasan emosi, nilai kerja dan prestasi kerja dalam kalangan guru Maktab Rendah Sains Mara. Jurnal Teknologi, 39 (E), 75-82. Noriah Mohd Ishak, Zuria Mahmud, & Siti Rohayah Ariffin. (2006). Emotional intelligence of malaysian teachers: Implications on workplace productivity. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 14 (2), 8-24. Nor Safinaz (2003) Konsep kendiri dan kepuasan kerja di kalangan penguatkuasa. Tesis Sarjana, Tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Noorhafeza Herliani Adey & Ferlis Bahari. (2010). Hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen terhadap organisasi. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, bil. 16, Disember 2010. Noor Azzuddin Abdul Aziz. (1990). Hubungan antara tekanan kerja, kepuasan kerja dan kecenderungan untuk berhenti kerja di kalangan guru-guru KBSM di kawasan bandar (Latihan Ilmiah B.SC). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor. Norzihan Ayob, Ferlis Bahari, & Beddu Salam. (2008). Burn out dan komitmen terhadap organisasi di kalangan jururawat hospital. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, bil 12. Noura El-Gharib, M, Sanaa Abd, E.A., Harisa, M., & Hoda Wadie. (2010). Relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment among nurses in Port Said City Hospital. Zagazig Nursing Journal, Vol. 6 No. 11. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psycometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. O' Boyle, E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Polack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 788-818. OECD. (2005). Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teacher. Australian Journal of Teacher Education. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/searchresult/ 0.3400,en 2649 201185 11111,0. OECD. (2013). Teachers for the 21st century: Using Evaluation to Omprove Teaching. OECD Publishing. Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2005). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: Exploring its effects on occupational stress and health outcomes in human service workers. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 18, 167-175. O’Malley, H., & Durkin, M. (2000). Creating commitment. Canada: John Willey & Sons. Inc. Oshabegini, T. (2000). Gender differences in the organizational commitment of university teachers. Women in Management Review, 15 (7), 331-343. Othman, N., Mohamad, Z., & Ibrahim, M. S (2008). Profesional guru novis: Model latihan. Terbitan Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Palumbo, A., & Sanacore, J. (2007). Classroom management: Help for the begining secondary school teacher. The Clearing House, 81(2), 67-70. Parkers, G. M. (1990). Team players and teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Park, I. (2005). Teacher commitment and its effects on students achievement in American High Schools. Educational Research And Evaluation, 11 (5), 461-485. Parker, G. M. (1990). Team players and teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Paul, P. K., Mondal, N. K. & Bandyopadhyay. (2012). A study of emotional intelligence level between secondary school teachers: A study in Burdwan District in West Bengal. International Journal of Social Sciences Tomorrow 1(4), 1-6. Paulse, J. (2005). Sources of occupational stress for teachers with specific reference to the inclusive education model in the Western Cape (Doctoral Dissertation). University of the Western Cape. Payne, M. A., & Furnham, A. (1987). Dimensions of occupational stress in West Indian secondary school teacher. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 141-150. Pelan Strategik IPGM, 2011 – 2015. (2011). Institut Pendidikan Guru, Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Petrides, K.V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320. Petrides, K.V., Pérez-González, J. C., Furnham, A. (2007). On the criterion and incremental validity of trait emotional intelligence. Cognition and Emotion, Vol. 21(1), 26-55. Pillay, H., Goddard, R., & Lynn, A. (2005). Well-being, burnout and competence: Implication for teacher. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 30(2), 22-33. Plunkett, Warren R., & Attner, Raymond, F. (1997). Introduction to management (4th ed). Boston: PWS-Kent. Pogodzinki, B. M. (2010). Collective bargaining and human resources policies. Effects on mentoring and commitment level of novice teachers. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, vol 70(10-A), 3724. Pool, C. R. (1997). Up with emotional health. Educational Leadership, 54(8), 12-14.