The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities

The present study is designed to propose a framework for the implementation of active teaching in the higher education institutions (HEI). Its aim is to develop lecturers’ commitment in using the active teaching method in the classroom, which can improve the development of students’ soft skills. Th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Selladurai, Sugumaran
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/1/s93282_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/2/s93282_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.5752
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Selamat, Mohammad Hisyam
topic LB2300 Higher Education
spellingShingle LB2300 Higher Education
Selladurai, Sugumaran
The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
description The present study is designed to propose a framework for the implementation of active teaching in the higher education institutions (HEI). Its aim is to develop lecturers’ commitment in using the active teaching method in the classroom, which can improve the development of students’ soft skills. The proposed motivational factors are faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession, means and attitude towards the university. The commitment to encourage students to share knowledge in the classroom is also included as a mediating variable. The researcher has applied the cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. The respondents are lecturers in Malaysian public and private HEI. It is found that faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession, means and attitude towards the university factors influenced active teaching commitment amongst lecturers significantly. On the other hand, commitment to encourage students to share knowledge is only influenced by faith, means, contemplation and sincerity factors. However, commitment to encourage students to share knowledge did not function as a mediating variable. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for developing lecturers’ commitment to encourage students to share knowledge and in turn implement active teaching activity in the classroom. This study contributes to the limited body of research on the implementation of active teaching in the Malaysian HEI. The factors of faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession and means are the new variables in active teaching research. This extends the boundary of knowledge in active teaching implementation. As data in this study was gathered just once to answer the research questions, a longitudinal study is highly recommended in the future since human views and behaviors are likely to change over time
format Thesis
qualification_name Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
qualification_level Doctorate
author Selladurai, Sugumaran
author_facet Selladurai, Sugumaran
author_sort Selladurai, Sugumaran
title The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
title_short The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
title_full The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
title_fullStr The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
title_full_unstemmed The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities
title_sort influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in malaysian universities
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2015
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/1/s93282_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/2/s93282_02.pdf
_version_ 1747827975203586048
spelling my-uum-etd.57522021-04-05T01:16:31Z The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities 2015 Selladurai, Sugumaran Selamat, Mohammad Hisyam Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business LB2300 Higher Education The present study is designed to propose a framework for the implementation of active teaching in the higher education institutions (HEI). Its aim is to develop lecturers’ commitment in using the active teaching method in the classroom, which can improve the development of students’ soft skills. The proposed motivational factors are faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession, means and attitude towards the university. The commitment to encourage students to share knowledge in the classroom is also included as a mediating variable. The researcher has applied the cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. The respondents are lecturers in Malaysian public and private HEI. It is found that faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession, means and attitude towards the university factors influenced active teaching commitment amongst lecturers significantly. On the other hand, commitment to encourage students to share knowledge is only influenced by faith, means, contemplation and sincerity factors. However, commitment to encourage students to share knowledge did not function as a mediating variable. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for developing lecturers’ commitment to encourage students to share knowledge and in turn implement active teaching activity in the classroom. This study contributes to the limited body of research on the implementation of active teaching in the Malaysian HEI. The factors of faith, sincerity, contemplation, goal obsession and means are the new variables in active teaching research. This extends the boundary of knowledge in active teaching implementation. As data in this study was gathered just once to answer the research questions, a longitudinal study is highly recommended in the future since human views and behaviors are likely to change over time 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/1/s93282_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5752/2/s93282_02.pdf text eng public dba dba Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdul Wahab, M. S., Selamat, M. H., & Saad, R. A. (2012). Work environment inhibitors to informal workplace learning activities amongst accountants: A Malaysian case study. Paper presented at the first UUMCOB Qualitative Research Conference, Kuala Lumpur (4-7 November 2012). Abdul Wahab, M. S., Selamat, M. H., & Saad, R. A. J. (2013). The importance of continuing professional education activities amongst Malaysian accountants in public accounting firms. Paper presented at the fourteenth Asian Academic Accounting Association, Penang. Abdullah, A., & Selamat, M. H. (2007). Preparing individuals for establishing learning-based management accounting and control system. Paper presented at the Accounting Studies International Conference, Kuala Lumpur (30-31 October 2007). Ahmad-Mahdzan, A. (1997). Kaedah Penyelidikan Sosioekonomi (2nd ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Ali, A. (1998). The political economy of external auditing in Malaysia (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Manchester, UK. Amayah, A. T. (2013). Determinants of knowledge sharing in a public sector organization. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 454-471. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1978). Organizational learning, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2008). Organisational practices and post-retirement employment experience of older workers. Human Resource Management Journal, 18, 36–53. Ashton, D. N. (2004). The impact of organizational structures and practices on learning in the workplace. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(2), 43-53. Augier, M., & Vendelo, M. T. (1999). Networks, cognition and management of tacit knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(4), 252-261. Austin, A. E., & McDaniels, M. (2006). Preparing the professoriate of the future: Graduate student socialization for faculty roles. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research, Vol. XXI (pp. 397-456). Netherlands: Springer. Babin, Z., & Griffin, C. (2010). Business research method (8th ed.). Ohio: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Bain, K. (2004). What the best college teachers do. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Baker, T. L. (1994). Doing social research. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Barham, K., & Rassam, C. (1989). Shaping the corporate future. London: Ashridge Management Research Group, Unwin Hyman. Barney, J., & Clark, D. (2007). Resource-based theory: Creating and sustaining competitive advantage. New York: Oxford University Press. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. Barr, R., & Tagg, J. (1995, November-December). From teaching to learning: A new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change, 27(6), 13-25. Baxter, M., Terenzini, P. T., & Hutchings, P. (2002). Learning and teaching in the 21st century: Trends and implications for practice. Retrieved on April 30, 2012, from the World Wide Web : http://www.acpa.nche.edu/seniorsscholars/trends/trends4.htm Bennett, R. H. (1998). The importance of tacit knowledge in strategic deliberations and decisions. Management Decision, 36(9), 589-597. Bennett, R., & Gabriel, H. (1999). Organisational factors and knowledge management within large marketing departments: An empirical study. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(3), 212-225. Berliner, D., & Calfee, R. (Eds.) (1996). Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York: Simon & Schuster MacMillan. Beveren, J. V. (2002). A model of knowledge acquisition that refocuses knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(1), 18-22. Bijou, S. W., & Sturges, P. T. (1959). Positive reinforcers for experimental studies with children-consumables and manipulatables. Child Development, 30,151-170. Blackburn, R., & Lawrence, J. (1995). Faculty at Work. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Bloom, B. S. (Ed.) (1956), Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, McKay, New York, NY. Bloom, B. S. (1968). Learning for mastery. Evaluation Comment, 1(2), 1-12. Bloom, B. S. (1971). Mastery learning. In J. H. Block (Ed.), Mastery learning: Theory and practice (pp. 47–63). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bloom, B. S. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bloom, B. S. (1984). The search for methods of group instruction as effective as oneto- one tutoring. Educational Leadership, 41(8), 4-18. Boggs, G. R. (1998). Accepting responsibility for student learning. On the Horizon, 6(1), 1, 5-6. Bonwell, C., & Eison, J. (1991). Active learning: Creating excitement in the classroom. ERIC Digest (ED340272). Retrieved on December 17, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://ericae.net/db/edo/ED340272.htm Boyd, H. W., Westfall, R., & Stasch, S. F. (1977). Marketing research: Text and cases. Homewood: Irwin Inc. Brawer, F. B. (1990). Faculty development: The literature, an ERIC review. Community College Review, 18, 51-56. Brookfield, S. D. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction, Cambridge, Mass.: Belkapp Press. Bruner II, G. C., & Kumar, A. (2005). Applying T.A.M. to consumer usage of handheld Internet devices. Journal of Business Research, 58, 553-558. Bryson, J., Pajo, K., Ward, R., & Mallon, M. (2006). Learning at work: Organizational affordances and individual engagement. Journal of Workplace Learning, 18(5), 279-297. Burgoyne, J. (1988). Competency approaches to management development. Paper presented at the IMP conference, Harrogate. Butcher, D., Harvey, P., & Atkinson, S. (1997). Developing business through developing individuals. Research Paper, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University. Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1995). Bath, UK: Bath Press. Centra, P. (1997). Reflective faculty evaluation: Enhancing teaching and determining faculty effectiveness. San Francisco, CA: Jossy-Bass. Chawla, D., & Joshi, H. (2010). Knowledge management initiatives in Indian public and private sector organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(6), 2010, 811-827. Chen, X. (2002). Teaching undergraduate in postsecondary institutions. Educational Statistics Quarterly, 4(3), 103-112. Chen, Q., Clifford, S. J., & Wells, W. D. (2002, April). Attitude toward the site ll : New information. Journal of Advertising Research, 33-45. Chickering, A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (1987). Seven principles for good practice. AAHE Bulletin, 39, 3-7. Chua, W. F. (1986). Radical developments in accounting thought. The AccountingReview, 61(4), 601-632. Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64-73. Churchman, C. W. (1971). The design of inquiring systems. New York: Basic Books. Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. G. (2003). SPSS analysis without anguish. Brisbane: John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd. Cobern, W. (1991). The natural world as understood by selected college students: a world view methodological exploration. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Cobern, W. (1993). Contextual constructivism. In K. Tobin (Ed.) The Practice of constructivism in science education. Washington DC: AAAS Press, 51-69. Coetzer, A. (2007). Employee perceptions of their workplaces as learning environments. Journal of Workplace Learning, 19(7), 417-434. Coff, R. W. (1997). Human assets and management dilemmas: Coping with hazards on the road to resource-based theory. Academy of Management Review, 22, 374-402. Colbeck, C. L., Cabrera, A. F., & Marine, R. J. (2002). Faculty motivation to use alternative teaching method. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. Colley, H. (2012). Not learning in the workplace: Austerity and the shattering of illusio in public service work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 24(5), 317-337. Collin, A. (1989). Manager’s competence: Rhetoric, reality and research. Personnel Review, 18, 6. Collin, K. (2009). Work-related identity in individual and social learning at work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 21(1), 23-35. Combs, A. (1965). The professional education of teachers. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Cook, C., & Fine, C. (1996). Critical issue: Realizing new learning for all students through professional development. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved on April 8, 2014, from the World Wide Web: http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/profdevl/pd200.htm Crowther, D. T. (1997). Editorial. Electronic Journal of Science Education. Retrieved on February 10, 2014, from the World Wide Web: http://unr.edu/homepage/jcannon/ejse/ejsev2n2ed.html Cuban, L. (1993). How teachers taught (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press. Davenport, T. H., De Long, D. W., & Beers, M. C. (1998, Winter). Successful knowledge management projects. Sloan Management Review, 43-57. Davis, J. R. (1993). Better teaching, more learning. Strategies for success in post secondary settings. Phoenix, AR: Oryx Press. Davis, J. R. (1995). Re-engineering teaching for the 21st century learning. Educational Record, 76(4), 16-22. Dawes, J. (2008). Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales. International Journal of Market Research, 50(1), 61-77. De Vaus, D. A. (1993). Surveys in social research. London: UCL Press. Dewey, J. (1997). Experience and education. New York: Macmillan. [Originally published in 1938]. Dillman, D. A. (1978). Mils and telephone surveys: The total design method. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Di Pofi, J. A. (2002). Organizational diagnostics : Integrating qualitative and quantitative methodology. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 15(2), 156-168. Dolence, M. G., & Norris, D. M. (1995). Transforming higher education. Vision for learning in the 21st century. Ann Arbor: MI: Society for College and University Planning. 195 Doornbos, A. J., Bolhuis, S., & Simons, P. R. J. (2004). Modeling work-related learning on the basis of intentionality and developmental relatedness: A noneducational perspective. Human Resource Development Review, 3(3), 250-274. Dore, R. P., & Sako, M. (1989). How the Japanese learn to work. London: Routledge. Drucker, P. (1992). Managing for the future. Butterworth-Heinemann. Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1040–1048. Dwivedi, Y. K. (2005). Adoption, usage and impact of broadband: UK households (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Brunel University, UK. Einarson, M. K. (2001). Path analytic study of personal, disciplinary and organizational influences on undergraduate teaching methods. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, WA. Ekroth, L. (1990). Why professors don't change. TAG Newsletter Archive. Retrieved December 21, 2010 from the W o r l d W i d e W e b : http:Ijwww.tag.ube.ajfacadev/services/newsletter/90/may90-5.html Ellinger, A. D. (2004). Contextual factors and detractors shaping the facilitation of informal workplace learning: The case of ‘reinventing itself company’. Paper presented at the fifth International Conference of HRD Researched Practice across Europe, Limerick, Ireland. Ellstrom, E., Ekholm, B., & Ellstrom, P. (2008). Two types of learning environment: Enabling and constraining a study of care work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 20(2), 84-97. Ewell, P. T. (1997). Organizing for learning: A new imperative. AAHE, 50(4), 6-12. Fairweather, J. S., & Rhoads, R. A. (1995). Teaching and the faculty role: Enhancing the commitment to instruction in American colleges and universities. Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 17, 179-194. Ferres, N., Connell, J., & Travaglione, A. (2004). Co-worker trust as a social catalyst for constructive employee attitudes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(6), 608-622. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill. Fitz-Enz, J. (1997). The 8 practices of exceptional companies: How great organisations make the most of their human assets. AMACOM (American Management Association). Fogarty, R. (1999). Architects of the intellect. Educational Leadership, 57(3), 76-78. Fowler, F. J. Jr. (2009). Survey research method. London: Sage Publications. Fox, E. A. (1997). Examining factors which influence and significantly impact faculty teaching goals (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of South Carolina, USA. 196 Fox, R. (2001). Constructivism Examined. Oxford Review of Education, 27(1), 23- 35. Fox-Cardamone, L., & Rue, S. (2003). Students’ responses to active-learning strategies: An examination of small-group and whole-class discussion. Research for Educational Reform, 8, 3-15. Gagne, R. (1985). The conditions of learning (4th ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Gallimore, R., Goldenberg, C., & Weisner, T. S. (1993). The social construction and subjective reality of activity settings: Implications for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21(4), 537–559. Gardiner, L. F. (1994). Redesigning higher education: Producing dramatic change in student learning. ASHE Report No. 7. Washington, D.C.: Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University. Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186-192. Gilbert, N. (2001). Researching social life. London: Sage Publications. Gold, J., & Smith, V. (2003). Advances towards a learning movement: Translation at work. Human Resource Development International, 6(2), 139-152. Goldstein, G., & Fernald, P. (2009, Winter). Humanistic Education in a Capstone Course, College Teaching, 57(1), 27-36. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. E. (2003). Looking in classrooms (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Gosling, D. (2006). The value of pedagogic inquiry for improving teaching. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 107, 99-108. Gottschalk, P., & Karlsen, J. T. (2009). Knowledge management in law firm business. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(3), 432- 442. Grasha, A. F. (1996). Teaching with style: A practical guide to enhancing learning by understanding teaching and learning styles. Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers, (800) 718-4287. Griffin, P. & Cole, M. (1984). Current activity for the future: The zo-ped. In B. Rogoff & J. Wertsch (Eds.), Children’s learning in the “zone of proximal development” (pp. 45-64), San Francisco; Jossey-Bass. Grubb, W. N., Worthen, H., Byrd, B., Webb, E., Badway, N., Case, C., Groto, S., & Villenueve, J. C. (1999). Honored but invisible: An inside look at teaching in community colleges. New York: Routledge. Guskey, T. R. (1994, Fall). Results oriented professional development: In search of an optimal mix of effective practice. Journal of Staff Development, 15(4), 42-50. 197 Guskey, T. R. (1998). Teacher efficacy, self-concept, and attitudes toward the implementation of instructional innovation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 4, 63-69. Guskey, T. R. (2005). Formative classroom assessment and Benjamin S. Bloom: Theory, research, and implications. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson International Edition. Haldin-Herrgard, T. (2000). Difficulties in diffusion of tacit knowledge in organisations. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(4), 357-365. Hallinger, P., & Lu, J. (2013). Learner centered higher education in East Asia: Assessing the effect on student engagement. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(6), 594-612. Halpern, D. F., & Associates. (1994). Changing college classrooms: New teaching and learning strategies for an increasingly complex world. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Harvey, P., & Butcher, D. (1998). Those who make a difference: developing businesses through developing individuals. Industrial and Commercial Training, 30(1), 12-15. Haas, P. P., & Keeley, S. M. (1998). Coping with faculty resistance to teaching critical thinking. College Teaching, 46 (2), 63-67. Hatano, G. (1993). Commentary: Time to merge Vygotskian and constructivist conceptions of knowledge acquisition. In E. Forman, N. Minick, & C. Stone (Eds.), Contexts for learning (pp. 153-166), New York: Oxford University Press. Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wiley. Hein, G. (1991). Constructivist Learning Theory. Paper presented at the ICOM/CECA Annual Conference, Jerusalem. Hemdi, M. A. (2005). Turnover intentions of hotel employees: The role of human resources management practices, trust in organization and affective commitment (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Henson, L., Dews, T., Lotto, M., Tetzlaff, J., & Dannefer, E. (2005). A mastery learning model for assessing competency of medical students using portfolios. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 17(8), 663-664. Hicks, E., Bagg, R., Doyle, W., & Young, J. D. (2007). Canadian accountants: Examining workplace learning. Journal of Workplace Learning, 19(2), 61-77. Hoagland, M. 2000. Utilizing constructivism in the history classroom. Practicum Report, ED 482436. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini .jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED482436&ERICExtSear ch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED482436 (accessed April 10, 2012). Holtshouse, D. (1998). Knowledge research issues. California Management Review, 40(3), 277-280. 198 Howe, A. C. (1996). Development of science concepts within a Vygotskian framework. Science education, 80(1), 35-51. Hunt, S. D., Sparkman, R. D., & Wilcox, J. B. (1982). The pretest in survey research: Issues and preliminary findings. Journal of Marketing Research, XIX (pre-1986), 269-273. Hutchings, P., & Shulman, L. (1999). The scholarship of teaching: New elaborations, new developments. Change, 31(5), 10-5. Hwang, J., Yoon, Y.-S., & Park, N.-H. (2011). Structural effects of cognitive and affective reponses to web advertisements, website and brand attitudes, and purchase intentions: The case of casual-dining restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 897-907. Jahng, J., Jain, H., & Ramamurthy, K. (2007). Effects of interaction richness on consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions in e-commerce: some experimental results. European Journal of Information Systems, 16, 254-269. Jain, A. K., & Jeppesen, H. J. (2013). Knowledge management practices in a public sector organisation: the role of leaders’ cognitive styles. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 347-362. Karhu, K. (2002). Expertise cycle – an advanced method for sharing expertise. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(4), 430-446. Klein, H. K., & Hirschheim, R. (1996). The rationality of value choices in information systems development, Foundations of Information Systems, http://www.cba.uh.edu~parks/fis/kantpap.htm. Knowles, M. S. Holton, E. F. and Swanson, R. A. (1998) The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development (5th ed.). MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Koike, K. (2002). Intellectual skills and competitive strength: Is a radical change necessary? Journal of Education and Work, 15(4), 390-408. Kooij, D., de Lange, A., Jansen, P., & Dikkers, J. (2008). Older workers’ motivation to continue to work: five meanings of age. A conceptual review. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(4), 364-394. Korthagen, 1., & Kessels, I. (1999). Linking theory and practice: Changing the pedagogy of teacher education. Educational Researcher, 28(4), 4-17. Kreber, C. (2013). Authenticity in and through teaching in higher education: The transformative potential of the scholarship of teaching. London and New York: Routledge. Lancaster, S., Milia, L. D., & Cameron, R. (2013). Supervisor behaviours that facilitate training transfer. Journal of Workplace Learning, 25(1), 6-22. Lazerson, M., Wagener, U., & Shumanis, N. (2000). What makes a revolution? Teaching and learning in higher education, 1980-2000. Change, 32, 12-19. Leonard-Barton, D., & Sensiper, S. (1998). The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation. California Management Review, 40(3), 112-132. Levine, D. (1985). Improving student achievement through mastery learning programs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 199 Liebowitz, J., & Beckman, T. (1998). Knowledge organisation: What every manager should know. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Lohman, M. C. (2000). Environmental inhibitors to informal learning in the workplace: A case study of public school teachers. Adult Education Quarterly, 52(2), 83-101. Lohman M. C. (2005). A survey of factors influencing the engagement of two professional groups in informal workplace learning activities. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(4), 501-527. Lohman, M. C. (2006). Factors influencing teachers’ engagement in informal learning activities. Journal of Workplace Learning, 18(3), 141-156. Lohman, M. C. (2009). A survey of factors influencing the engagement of information technology professionals in informal workplace learning activities. Information Technology, Learning and Performance Journal, 25(1), 43-52. Lohman, M. C., & Woolf, N. H. (2001). Self-initiated learning activities of experienced public school teachers: Methods, sources, and relevant organizational influences. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 7(1), 61-76. Loucks-Horsley, S., Hewson, P. N., Love, N., & Styles, K. E. (1998). Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Ma, S. (2012). Struggling with involuntary expressive behaviours Chinese doctors’ professional learning in working contexts. Journal of Workplace Learning, 24(7/8), 447-460. Macneil, C. (2001). The supervisor as a facilitator of informal learning in team works. Journal of Workplace Learning, 13(6), 246-253. Malhotra, Y. (1997). Knowledge management in inquiring organizations. Proceedings of the third americas conference in information systems, Indianapolis, 293-295. Malhotra, N., & Peterson, M. (2006). Basic marketing research: A decision-making approach (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Manogran, P., & Liang, L. S. (1998). Developing a knowledge management system for local government in Malaysia. Paper presented at the national seminar on local government, Kuala Lumpur. Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row. Maurer, T. J., & Rafuse, N. E. (2001). Learning, not litigating: Managing employee development and avoiding claims of age discrimination. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(4), 110-121. Maxwell, W. E., & Kazlauskas, E. J. (1992, Spring). Which faculty development methods really work in community colleges? Community/Junior College Quarterly, 16, 351-360. McCracken, M. (2005). Towards a typology of managerial barriers to learning. Journal of Management Development, 24(6), 559-575. McEvoy, G. M., & Blahna, M. J. (2001). Engagement or disengagement? 200 Older workers and the looming labor shortage. Business Horizons, 44(5), 46-52. McKnight, D. H., Choudbury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: an integrative typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 334-361. McMillan, S. J., Hwang, J., & Lee, G. (2003). Effects of structural and perceptual factors on attitudes toward the website. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(4), 400–409. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Meyers, C., & Jones, T. B. (1993). Promoting active learning: Strategies for the college classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Millar, R., Ed. (1989). Doing Science: Images of Science in Science Education. Philadelphia, PA: The Falmer Press. Min, J. Y., & Lee, H. (2009). Getting emotional with the system that mirrors you: Cognitive and affective attitudes towards identity-reflecting information systems. In PACIS. Hyderabad, India. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2009/50 Mintz, J. A. (1999, Spring). Faculty development and teaching: A holistic approach. Academic Search Premiere, 99(85), 32-37. Morgan, G. (1989). Riding the waves of change: Developing managerial competencies for a turbulent world. Jossey-Bass Publishers. Muijs, D., Campbell, R.J., Kyriakides, L., & Robinson, W. (2005). Making the case for differentiated teacher effectiveness: An overview of research in four key areas. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(1), 51-70. Murray, J. P. (1988, January-February). Faculty development in New York two-year colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22, 53-56. Murray, J. P. (1995, March-April). Faculty (mis) development in Ohio twoyear colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 19, 549-563. Murray, J. P. (1999, Winter). Faculty development in a national sample of community colleges. Community College Review, 27(3), 47-64. Murray, J. P. (2000, April-May). Faculty development in Texas two-year colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24(4), 251- 267. Murray, J. P. (2002, Spring). Faculty development in SACS-accredited community colleges. Community College Review, 29(4), 50-67. Myers, M. D., & Avison, D. (2002). Qualitative research in information systems. London: Sage Publications. Newman, D., Griffin, P., & Cole, M. (1989). The construction zone: Working for cognitive change in school. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge creating company. New York: Oxford University Press. Novak, J. D. (1977). A theory of education. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 201 O'Banion, T. (1999). A learning college for the 21st century. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. Orlikowski, W. J., & Baroudi, J. J. (2002). Studying information technology in organisations: Research approaches and assumptions. In M.D. Myers & D. Avison, (Eds.), Qualitative research in information systems (pp. 51-77). London: Sage Publications. Oxford, R. (1997). Constructivism: Shape-shifting, substance, and teacher education applications. Peabody Journal of Education, 72, 35-66. Pallant, J. (2010). Survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Palmer, P. J. (1998). The courage to teach: Exploring the inner landscape of a teacher's life. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Palmer, L., Goetz, J., & Chatterjee, S. (2009). Expanding financial education and planning opportunities through service-learning. Financial Services Review, 18(2), 157-175. Pass, F. R. (2003). Cognitive load theory and instructional design: Recent developments. Educational Psychologist, 31, 1-15. Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J., & Boydell, T. (1994). A manager’s guide to selfdevelopment. London: McGraw-Hill. Piaget, J. (1954). Intelligence and affectivity: Their relation during child development. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioural research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal knowledge towards a post-critical philosophy. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Polanyi, M. (1967). The tacit dimension. New York: Doubleday. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Hungler, B. P. (2001). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal and utilization. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Prawat, R. S. (1992). Teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning: A constructivist perspective. American Journal of Education, 100(3), 354- 395. Pye, A. (1991). Management competent: The flower in the mirror and the moon on the water. In M. Silver (Ed.), Competent to manage. New York: Routledge. Quinn, J. B., Anderson, P., & Finkelstein, S. (1996, March-April). Managing professional intellect: Making the most of the best. Harvard Business Review, 71- 80. Race, P. (2002) The Lecturer’s Tool Kit: A Practical Guide to Learning, Teaching and Assessment. London: Kogan Page. Ramos, F. S. (1999). The FotoDialogo method: Using pictures and storytelling to promote dialogue and self-discovery among Latinas within a community-based organization in Massachusetts (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1971). New York: Random 202 House. Ramayah, T. (2011). Developing and testing moderators and mediators in management research. School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Reinsmith, W. A. (1992). Archetypal forms in teaching: A continuum. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. Reutter, M. (2001). Best college teachers adaptable, like working with students. News Bureau. Retrieved December 26, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http:/fwww.news.uiuc.edu/gentips/01/08teach.html Rhodes, M. L., Biondi, L., Gomes, R., Melo, A. I., Ohemeng, F., Perez-Lopez, G., Rossi, A., & Sutiyono, W. (2012). Current state of public sector performance management in seven selected countries. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 61(3), 235-271. Richardson, R., & Moore, W. (1987). Faculty development and evaluation in Texas community colleges. Community/Junior College Quarterly, 11, 19- 32. Rogers, C.R. (1969). Freedom to learn. Columbus, OH: Merrill Rosenblum, J., & Keller, R. A. (1994) Building a learning organization at Coopers & Lybrand. Planning Review, 22(5), 28-29. Rushmer, R., Lough, M., & Davies, H. (2004). Introducing the learning practice – III: Leadership, empowerment, protected time and reflective practice as core contextual conditions. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 10(3), 399-405. Sadler-Smith, E., Gardiner, P., Badger, B., Chaston, I., & Stubberfield, J. (2000). Using collaborative learning to develop small firms. Human Resource Development International, 3(3), 285-306. Sambrook, S., & Stewart, J. (2000). Factors influencing learning in European leaning oriented organizations: Issues for management. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(2-4), 209-219. Saint-Onge, H. (1996, March-April). Tacit knowledge: The key to the strategic alignment of intellectual capital. Strategy and Leadership Journal, 24(2), 10-14. Schroder, H. (1989). Managerial competence: The key to excellence. New York: Kendall/Hunt Publishing. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research method for business: A skill building approach (4th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons. Selamat, M. H., & Choudrie, J. (2007). Using meta-abilities and tacit knowledge for developing learning based systems: A case study approach. The Learning Organization, 14(4), 321-344. Selamat, M. H., Selladurai, S., & Abdul Halim, H. M. (2015). The influence of task accomplishment and attitude on active teaching in Malaysian universities. European Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1), 35-48. Seldin, P., & Associates. (1995). Improving college teaching. Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Co. 203 Senge, P. M. (1990, Fall). The leader’s new work: Building learning organizations. Sloan Management Review, 32(1), 7-23. Sherman, L. (2009). Changing continuing medical education: An opportunity to improve physician education and patient care around the world. Journal of Medical Marketing, 9(2), 170-174. Sherman, T. M., Armistead, L. P., Fowler, F., Barksdale, M. A., & Reif, G. (9187). The quest for excellence in university teaching. The Journal of Higher Education, 58(1), 66-84. Shore, L. M., Thornton, G. C., & Newton, L. A. (1990). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of behavioral intentions and employee behaviour. Academy of Management Proceedings, 229–233. Simon, S. J., & Peppas, S. C. (2004). An examination of media richness theory in product web site design: An empirical study. Info, 6(4), 270-281. Singhapakdi, A., Marta, J. K., Rallapalli, K. C., & Rao, C. P. (2000). Toward an understanding of religiousness and marketing ethics: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 27(4), 305-319. Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts. Skule, S. (2004). Learning conditions at work: A framework to understand and assess informal learning in the workplace. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(1), 8-20. Solomon, J. (1997). Constructivism and primary science. Primary Science Review, 49, 2-5. Spady, W. G. (1994). Outcome-based education: Critical issues and answers. Virginia: American Association of School Administrations. Srikantaiah, T. K., & Koenig, M. E. D. (2000). Knowledge management for the information professional, Medford, NJ: Information Today. Stage, F. K., Muller, P. A., Kinzie, J., & Simmons, A. (1998). Creating learning centered classrooms: What does learning theory have to say? ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 4. Washington, D.C.: Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University. Stark, J. S., Lowther, M. A., Ryan, M. P., & Genthon, M. (1988). Faculty reflect on course planning. Research in Higher Education, 29(3), 219-240. Stark, J. S., & Lattuca, L. R. (1997). Shaping the college curriculum: Academic plans in action. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Successful intelligence. New York: Penguin Putnam. Stiehl, R., & Lewchuk, L. (2002). The outcomes primer: Reconstructing the college curriculum. Corvallis: The Learning Organization. Straka, G. A. (2000). Conditions promoting self-directed learning at the workplace. Human Resource Development International, 3(2), 241-251. Straub, D. W., Boudreau, M. C., & Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13, 380-427. Svinicki, M. D. (Ed.) (1990). The changing face of college teaching. New Directions for Teaching and Learning. 42. Syed-Ikhsan, S. O. S., & Rowland, F. (2004). Benchmarking knowledge management in a public organisation in Malaysia. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 11(3), 238-266. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell,, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. Tannenbaum, S. I. (1997). Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic finding from multiple companies. Human Resource Management, 36(4), 437-452. Tansky, J. W., & Cohen, D. J. (2001). The relationship between organizational support, employee development, and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(3), 285-300. Terenzini, P. T. & Pascarella, E. T. (1994, January-February). Living with myths. Undergraduate education in America. Change, 26(1), 28-32. Tharp, R. G., & Gallimore, R. (1988). Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and schooling in social context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Thorndike, E. L. (1949). Selected Writings from a Connectionist's Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Towers, G. C., & Towers, J. M. (1996). An elementary school principal’s experience with implementing an outcome-based curriculum. Contemporary Education, 68(1), 67-72. Trauth, E. M. (2001). Qualitative research in IS: Issues and trends. Hershey: Idea Publishing. Travis, J. E. (1995). Models for improving college teaching: A faculty resource. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 6. Washington, DC: Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University. Tsirikas, A. N., Katsaros, K. K., & Nicolaidis, C. S. (2012). Knowledge management, tolerance of ambiguity and productivity: Evidence from the Greek public sector. Employee Relations, 34(4), 344-359. Tsoukas, H., & Vladimirou, E. (2001). What is organizational knowledge? Journal of Management Studies, 38(7), 973-993. Tsoukas, H. (2002). Do we really understand tacit knowledge? Knowledge Economy and Society Seminar, London. Tull, D. S., & Hawkin, D. I. (1976). Marketing research meaning, measurement, and method. New York: MacMillan Publishing. Vanderstraeten, R. & Biesta, G. (1998). Constructivism, educational research, and John Dewey. Paper presented at the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Boston, August 10-15. Retrieved March 2004, from http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Amer/AmerVand.htm Van Woerkom, M., Nijhof, W. J., & Nieuwenhuis, L. F. (2002). Critical reflective working behaviour: A survey research. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26(8), 375-383. Vera, D., & Crossan, M. (2004). Strategic leadership and organizational learning. Academy of Management Review, 29(20), 222-240. von Glasersfeld, E. (1987). Learning as a constructive activity. In C. Janvier, Problems of representation in the teaching and learning of mathematics (pp. 3-17). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. von Glasersfeld, E. (1995). Radical constructivism: A way of knowing and learning. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. In R.W. Rieber & A.S. Carton (Eds.), The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky, Volume 1: Problems of general psychology (pp. 39-285). New York: Plenum Press. Wallin, D. (2003, April). Motivation and faculty development: A three-state study of presidential perceptions of faculty professional development needs. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 27(4), 317-335. Ward, J., & Peppard, J. (2002). Strategic planning for information system (3rd ed.). Canada (WP): John Wiley. Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1993). In action: Creating the learning organization. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development. Watkins, K. E., & Cervero, R. M. (2000). Organizations as contexts for learning: A case study in certified public accountancy. Journal of Workplace Learning, 12(5), 187-194. Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177. Wayne, D. B., Butter, J., Siddall, V. J., Fudala, M.J., Wade, L. D., Feinglass, J., & McGaghie, W. C. (2006). Mastery learning of advanced cardiac life support skills by internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(3), 251-256. Webster, F. E., Jr. (1994), Market-Driven Management, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weimer, M. E. (1990). Improving college teaching. San Francisco, CA: JesseyBass. Weimer, M. E. (1996). Integration of teaching and research: Myth, reality and possibility. In P. Cranton (Ed.), University challenges in faculty work: Fresh perspectives from around the world. San Francisco, CA: JesseyBass. Weimer, M. E., & Associates. (1996). Teaching on solid ground: Using scholarship to improve practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Weimer, M. E. (2002). Learner-centered teaching: Five key changes to practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Wingspread Group on Higher Education. (1993). An American imperative: Higher expectations for higher education. Racine, WI: The Johnson Foundation. Wofford, M. G., Ellinger, A. D., & Watkins, K. E. (2013). Learning on the fly: Exploring the informal learning process of aviation instructors, Journal of Workplace Learning, 25(2), 79-97. Yao, L. J., Kam, T. H. Y., & Chan, S. H. (2007). Knowledge sharing in Asian public administration sector: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 20(1), 51-69. Zack, M. (1999, Summer). Managing codified knowledge. Sloan Management Review, 45-58. Zady, M. F., Portes, P. R., & Ochs,V. D. (2003). Examining classroom interactions related to difference in students' science achievement. Science-Education, 87, 40-63. Zakaria, O. (2013). Information Security Culture: A Human Firewall Approach. Lambert Publishing Germany. Zemsky, R., & Massy, W. F. (1995, November-December). Expanding perimeters, melting cores, and sticky functions: toward an understanding of our current predicaments. Change, 27(6), 41-49. Zevenbergen, R. (1996). Constructivism as a liberal bourgeois discourse. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 31, 95-113. Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business research methods. Ohio: Thompson.