Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning

Conventional approaches in language learning and teaching are no longer relevant for the 21st century learners and there is a demand for new creative approaches in education. The objectives of this study is to explore the perceptions of Third Year students specializing in Teaching English as Second...

全面介紹

Saved in:
書目詳細資料
主要作者: Farha Alia, Mokhtar
格式: Thesis
語言:eng
eng
出版: 2016
主題:
在線閱讀:https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/1/depositpermission_s816890.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/2/s816890_01.pdf
標簽: 添加標簽
沒有標簽, 成為第一個標記此記錄!
id my-uum-etd.5792
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Dzakiria, Hisham
topic LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
PE English
spellingShingle LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
PE English
Farha Alia, Mokhtar
Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
description Conventional approaches in language learning and teaching are no longer relevant for the 21st century learners and there is a demand for new creative approaches in education. The objectives of this study is to explore the perceptions of Third Year students specializing in Teaching English as Second Language (TESL) at University Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning. This study employed a detailed qualitative study to elicit the potentials of Edmodo in English language learning. The research employed purposive sampling focusing on four TESL students from 2012/2013 intake at Faculty of Education. The research framework used was a combination of constructivism, hermeneutics, symbolic interactionism and interpretivism which focus on the process of meaning-making and interpretation of the phenomenon under studied. It aimed to generate insights through in depth interviews, photographs and concept maps from the participants on the use of Edmodo in English language learning. The findings were presented in a narrative manner. Evidently, participants were very receptive towards the use of Edmodo in language learning which subsequently led to opinions on ways Edmodo assisted language learning. The findings revealed three core categories consist of the prelude to the phenomenon, comprehension on the realm of Edmodo and its approaches in assisting language learning. Novelties of new knowledge emerged around the central themes of informal learning environment, enhancement of second language acquisition, its interface and outlook and drawbacks of Edmodo. The pedagogical implications of this research are related to how Edmodo may enable students to access learning resources beyond classroom, and empower student-centred learning by supplementing learners with novelty of tasks, apt learning environment and mobility.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Farha Alia, Mokhtar
author_facet Farha Alia, Mokhtar
author_sort Farha Alia, Mokhtar
title Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
title_short Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
title_full Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
title_fullStr Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
title_full_unstemmed Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning
title_sort perceptions of 3rd year tesl students in university of malaya towards edmodo in language learning
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate 2016
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/1/depositpermission_s816890.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/2/s816890_01.pdf
_version_ 1776103679675334656
spelling my-uum-etd.57922023-06-26T07:24:47Z Perceptions of 3rd year TESL students in University of Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning 2016 Farha Alia, Mokhtar Dzakiria, Hisham Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice) PE English Conventional approaches in language learning and teaching are no longer relevant for the 21st century learners and there is a demand for new creative approaches in education. The objectives of this study is to explore the perceptions of Third Year students specializing in Teaching English as Second Language (TESL) at University Malaya towards Edmodo in language learning. This study employed a detailed qualitative study to elicit the potentials of Edmodo in English language learning. The research employed purposive sampling focusing on four TESL students from 2012/2013 intake at Faculty of Education. The research framework used was a combination of constructivism, hermeneutics, symbolic interactionism and interpretivism which focus on the process of meaning-making and interpretation of the phenomenon under studied. It aimed to generate insights through in depth interviews, photographs and concept maps from the participants on the use of Edmodo in English language learning. The findings were presented in a narrative manner. Evidently, participants were very receptive towards the use of Edmodo in language learning which subsequently led to opinions on ways Edmodo assisted language learning. The findings revealed three core categories consist of the prelude to the phenomenon, comprehension on the realm of Edmodo and its approaches in assisting language learning. Novelties of new knowledge emerged around the central themes of informal learning environment, enhancement of second language acquisition, its interface and outlook and drawbacks of Edmodo. The pedagogical implications of this research are related to how Edmodo may enable students to access learning resources beyond classroom, and empower student-centred learning by supplementing learners with novelty of tasks, apt learning environment and mobility. 2016 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/1/depositpermission_s816890.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5792/2/s816890_01.pdf text eng 2017-02-19 public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Ajjawi, R. (2013). Sample Size in Qualitative Research. Medical Education Research Network. Retrieved from http://blogs.cmdn.dundee.ac.uk/mededresearch/ 2013/06/samplesize/ Adler, P. A. & Adler, P. (n.d). The Epistemology of Numbers. How Many Qualitative Interviews is Enough? Ahmad, J., Mohamad, S. J. A. N. & Saat, A. (2004) A Study on School Students Preferred Learning Styles. Shah Alam, Malaysia; Institut Penyelidikan, Pembangunan dan Pengkomesilan (IDRC). Anderson, M. A. (2010). Expanding the Power of Primary Sources with Web 2.0. The Media Center, 1-3. Anbe, G. (2013). Using Edmodo to Incorporate WICOR Strategies in the AVID Classroom, 1-8. Asunka, S. (2008). Online Learning in Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Ghanaian University students’ experiences and perceptions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(3), 1-23. Ames, C. (1992). Classroom: Goal, Structure and Student Motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 261-271. Anstey, M. (1988). Helping children learn how to learn. Australian Journal of Reading, 11(4), 269-277. Allinson, C. W., Hayes, J. (1996). The cognitive style index: a measure of intuitionanalysis for organizational research. Journal of Management Studies, 33(1),119-135. Audioboo LTD. (2013). Audioboo and Edmodo Partner to Bring Audio Learning to the Online Classroom through Social Media | Business Wire. Retrieved from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/ 20130917005635/en/Audioboo-Edmodo-Partner-Bring- Audio-Learning-Online#.VfAx_xGqqko Awasthi, J. (1979). ELT in Nepal: A sociolinguistic survey. India: Central Institute of Indian Languages. Amrein-Beardsley, A., Foulger, T. S., Toth, M. (2007). Examining the development of a hybrid degree program: Using student and instructor data to inform decision making. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39, 331-357. Asselin, M. E. (2003). Insider research: Issues to consider when doing qualitative research in your own setting. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 19(2), 99-103. Al-Mekhlafi, A. M., & Nagaratnam, R. P. (2011). Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Grammar in an EFL Context. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2). Retrieved from www.e-iji.net p-ISSN: 1694-609X Alexa Internet. (2015, May). Edmodo.com Site Overview. Retrieved from http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/edmodo.com Akbar, H. A., Purwarianti, A., & Zubir, H. Y. (2013). Development of E-Learning with Social Network. In Joint International Conference on Rural Information & Communication Technology and Electric-Vehicle Technology. Bandung-Bali, Indonesia: IEEE. Atkinson, D., & Ramanathan, V. (1995). Cultures of Writing: An Ethnographic Comparison of L1 and L2 University Writing/Language Programs. TESOL Quarterly, 29(3). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3588074?seq=1#page_ scan_tab_contents Baumbach, D. J. (2009). Web 2.0 & you. Knowledge Quest. 37(4), 12-19. Buescher, E. (2010). The wonders of educational blogging: Solving classroom issues with Edmodo [White paper]. Retrieved January 10, 2015, from Winthrop University: http://coe.winthrop.edu/jonesmg/LTI/2010Fwhite papers/Eileen_Buescher.pdf Burmeister, E., & Aitken, L. M. (2012). Sample size: How many is enough? Australian Critical Care, 25, 271-274. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.07.002 Boettcher, J., Conrad, R. M. (2004). Faculty Guide for Moving Teaching and Learning to the Web. League for Innovation in the Community College. Laguna Hills, CA: U.S Beech, H. (2002). School daze. Time, 159, 44-51. Bennett, W. L. (2008). Changing Citizenship in the Digital Age. In W. L. Bennett, & W. Bennett (Ed.), Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth. 206, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Blumer, Herbert. (1969). Symbolic interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Blake, N. (2000). Tutors and students without faces or places. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 34(1), 183-199. Retrieved October 4, 2003, from EBSCOhost database Belcheir, M. J., & Cucek, M. (2002). Faculty perceptions of teaching distance education courses. Research Report 2002. Retrieved September 9, 2013, from http://www2.boisestate.edu/iassess/Reports/ RR%202002-02.htm Butler, R. (2007). Teachers Achievement Goal Orientations and Associations With Teacher's Help Seeking: Examination of a Novel Approach to Teacher Motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2(9), 241-252. Boud, D. (1990). Assessment and the promotion of academic values. Studies in Higher Education, 15, 110-113. Butler, Y. G., & Iino, M. (2005). Current Japanese reforms in English language education: The 2003 “action plan.” Language Policy, 4, 25-45 Brown. A. (2009). Students’ and teachers’ perceptions of effective foreign language teaching: A comparison of ideals. Modern Language Journal, 93, 46-60. Bell, B. S., & Federman, J. E. (2013). E-Learning in Post-secondary Education. Billings, D. (2007). Understanding the challenges of e-learning. Thinking about taking an online course or program? Here’s what you should know before you sign up. Career Directory. Bista, K. (2011). Teaching English as a Foreign/Second Language in Nepal: Past and Present. English for Specific Purposes World, 11(32). Bista, K. (2011). How to Create a Learning-Centered ESL Program. English for Specific Purposes World, 10(31). Black, G. (2002). A Comparison of Traditional, Online and Hybrid Methods of Course Delivery. Journal of Business Administration, 1(1). Blankenship, S. E. (1998). Factors related to computer use by teachers in classroom instruction. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bernard, H. R. (1995). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. California: AltaMira. Carroll, Vickie. (1997). Learning to read, reading to learn. EDRS opinion papers. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from Retrieved April 28, 2013, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=eric&AN=ED413588&site=ehost-live Chandler, P. & Redman, C. (2013). Teaching teachers for the future: Modeling and exploring immersive personal learning networks. Australian Educational Computing, 27(3), 54–62. Retrieved from http://acce.edu.au/ sites/acce.edu.au/files/pj/ journal/AEC27‐3_ChandlerRedman.pdf. Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. London, UK: Sage. Charon R. (2001). Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession, trust. JAMA. 286(15):1897–902. Chan, F. M. (2002). ICT in Malaysian Schools: Policy and Strategies. Retrieved from Educational Technology Division, Ministry of Education, Malaysia website: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/ groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN011288.pdf Cope, C., & Ward, P. (2002). Integrating learning technology into classrooms: The importance of teachers’ perceptions. Educational Technology & Society 5(1) 67-74. Cotterall, S. (1995). Readiness for autonomy: Investigating learner beliefs. System, 23(2), 195-205. Crystal, D. (2004). Rediscover grammar. London: Pearson, Longman. Coffin, R. J. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Motivational influences on computer-related affective states. Computers in Human Behavior, 15, 549-569. Cavanaugh, C.S. (2001). The effectiveness of interactive distance education technologies in K-12 learning: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7, 73-88. Chu, M. P. (2001). Applying process writing as a cooperative learning strategy to the ESL/EFL writing class. Hwa kang Journal of English Language & Literature, 7, 27-39. Cirocki, A., Tennekoon, S., & Pena Calvo, A. (2014). Research and Reflective Practice in the ESL Classroom: Voices from Sri Lanka. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n4.2 Conrad, D. (2002). Deep in the hearts of learners: Insights into the nature of online community. Journal of Distance Education, 17(1), 1−19. Carliner, S. (2004). An overview of online learning (2nd ed.). Armherst, MA: Human Resource Development Press. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and research design; Choosing among five designs. Thousand Oaks, CA; Sage. Cauley, P. (n.d.). Edmodo: A Guide to Explain it All. Retrieved from http://www.csub.edu/~tfernandez_ulloa/Edmodo%20User%20guide.pdf Chen, C. (2013). Promoting the Use of Online Social Technology as a Casebased Learning Tool. Journal of Information Systems Education. Cheong, L. W. (2006). A Study of Students? Perceptions and Attitudes Towards ESL Writing Using Computer-Based Learning Materials. Journal of e-Language Learning & Teaching, 3(1), 26-48. Corti, L., Day, A., & Backhouse, G. (2000). Confidentiality and Informed Consent: Issues for Consideration in the Preservation of and Provision of Access to Qualitative Data Archives. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(3). Cristina, E. R., Emanuela, A., & Adriana, T. (2011). EDUCATIONAL INOVATION AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR. A STUDY OF STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS ON THE USE OF E-LEARNING IN CLASS. Criua, R., & Mariana, A. (2014). The Influence of Students? Perception of Pedagogical Content Knowledge on Self-Efficacy in Self-Regulating Learning in Training of Future Teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 142, 673-678. Crowe, A., & MacDonald, C. (2013). Using Technology in Social Studies. Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, 9(1). Donlevy, J. (2003). Online learning in virtual High school. International Journal of Instructional Media, 30(2), 117-121. Dille, B., & Mezack, M. (1991). Identifying predictors of high risk among community college telecourse students. The American Journal of Distance Education, 5(1), 24-35. Dibley, L. (2011). Analyzing narrative data using McCormack’s lenses. Nurse Researcher, 18(3), 13-19. Retrieved from http://nurseresearcher.rcnpublish ing.co.uk/news-and-opinion/commentary/analysing-qualitative-data Dalsgaard, C. (2008) Social networking sites: Transparency in online education. Proceedings from EUNIS 2008 VISION IT. Retrieved 24, June, 2014. from http://eunis.dk/papers/p41.pdf Denzin, N. (2010). On elephants and gold standards. Qualitative Research, 10, 269–272. Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln. (eds.). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Davidson, C. (2009). Transcription: Imperatives for Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(2). Davidson, T. (1882). Perception. Mind, 7(28), 496-513. Derwing, T. M., & Diepenbroek, L. G. (2012). How Well do General-Skills ESL Textbooks Address Pronunciation?. TESL CANADA JOURNAL, 30(1). Dewi, N., & Mangunsong, F. (2012). Contribution Of Student’s Perception Toward Teacher’s Goal Orientation And Student’s Goal Orientation As A Mediator In Test Anxiety On Elementary’s Final Exams. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 509-517. International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology. Dobler, E. (2012, February). Flattening Classroom Walls: Edmodo Takes Teaching and Learning across the Globe. Retrieved from http://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/ Centricity/Domain/3150/Flattening%20Classroom% 20Walls.pdf Dwyer, S. C., & Buckle, J. L. (2009). The Space Between: On Being an Insider-Outsider in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1). Dzakiria, H. (2004). "The Teacher is Always There, But Isn't". Distance Learners' Perspectives on Distance Learning at Universiti Utara Malaysia (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok. Dzakiria, H. (2008). Pragmatic approach to qualitative case study research learning by doing: A case of distance learning research in Malaysia. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press. Eltis, K. (1995). Focusing on Learning: Report of Outcomes and Profiles in New South Wales. Department of Training and Education. Edmunds, K., Bauserman, K. (2006). What teachers can learn about reading motivation through conversations with children. Reading Teacher, 59, 414. Retrieved April 5, 2013, from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=eric&AN=EJ738022&site=ehost-live Ellis, R. (1997). SLA research and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ellis, R. (2006). Current Issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), 83-107. Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Edmodo. (2014, June). Edmodo Hosts Fourth Annual EdmodoCon Bringing Together More Than 42,000 Educators Worldwide. Business Wire. Retrieved from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=bwh&AN=bizwire.c56662812&site=ehostlive& scope=site Etherington, Matthew B. (2011) "Investigative Primary Science: A Problem-based Learning Approach," Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 36(9), 4. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol36/iss9/4 European Comission. (2001). The eLearning Action Plan: Designing tomorrow’s education, 20. Brussels. Ekman, P. (1980). The face of man: Expressions of universal emotions in a New Guinea Village. New York: Garland STPM Press. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 169-200. doi: 10.1080/02699939208411068 Ebrahimi, P. (2008). Raining over a desert: A critical review to language teaching and learning in Iran University of Zanjan. Accessed 17 August, 2014. Electronic Education Report. (2014, January 31). EER Takes a Look at Popular Education Apps. Retrieved from http://www.electroniceducationreport.com/content/ eser-takes-look-populareducation-apps Elley, W. B., & Mangubhai, F. (1983). The Impact of Reading on Second Language Learning. Reading Research Quarterly, 19(1). doi:10.2307/747337 Eryaman, M. Y. (2007). From Reflective Practice to Practical Wisdom: Towards a Post-Foundational Teacher Education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 3(1). Fidalgo, P., Paz, J., Santos, F. L. (2011). Using Moodle as a support tool for teaching in Higher Education in Portugal: An Exploratory Study. Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2003). How to design and evaluate research in education (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Ferris, D. & Hedgecock, J.S. (1998). Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Fenstermacher, G.D., Richardson, V. (2005). On Making Determinations of Quality in 9Teaching, Teachers College Record, 107(1), 186–213. Freiberg, H. J. (1998). Measuring school climate: Let me count the ways. Educational Leadership, 56(1), 22-26. Felder, R., & Silverman, L. (1988). Learning and teaching styles in engineering education, Engineering Education, 78(7), 674-681. Fathman, A. (1975). The relationship between age and second language productive ability. Language Learning, 25, 245-253. Fusch, P. I., & Ness, L. R. (2015). Are We There Yet? Data Saturation in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9). Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR20/9/fusch1.pdf Flanigan, R. (2011). Professional learning networks taking off. Education Week. Retrieved October 28, 2014, from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2011/ 10/26/09edtechnetwork.h31.html?tkn=NXCFrTi53Q/RNUP 7oI3Dyieu/9gskTJyoOc/ Ferris, D. R. (1995). Student reactions to teacher response in multiple draft composition classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 33-53 Fleming, D., Bangou, F., & Fellus, O. (2011). ESL Teacher-Candidates? Beliefs About Language. TESL CANADA JOURNAL, 29(1). Freire, P. (1972). The Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin Gonzales, U. & Vodicka, D. (2012). In Electronic Education Report. Retrieved 16 August, 2014, from www.simbainformation.com Garrison, D. & Anderson, T. (2003). E-learning in the 21st Century. London: Routledge Falmer. Gallo, M.V. (2007) A quantitative study of university online and on-campus statistics courses and student achievement. Unpublished Doctor of Education thesis, Spalding University. Goh, L., & Chapman, K. (2006). Hisham: I know where I'm heading. StarEducation, 2-3. Gerbic, P. (2003). To post or not to post : Undergraduate student perceptions about participating in online discussions, 271–281. Graham, S. (1982). Composition research and practice: A unified approach. Focus on Exceptional Children, 14(8), 1-16. Gorsuch, G. J. (2000). EFL educational policies and educational cultures: Influences on teachers’ approval of communicative activities. TESOL Quarterly, 34(4), 675-709. Godleski, E. (1984). Learning style compatibility of engineering students and faculty. Proceedings Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. ASEE/IEEE, Philadelphia. Geron, T. (2011). Edmodo Wants To Make Social Networking A Learning Experience. Forbes.Com, 12. Retrieved from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=bth&AN=65555175&site=ehost-live&scope=site Gardiner, L. (1998). Why We Must Change: The research evidence. Thought and Action, 14(1), 71 – 88. Gass, S., & Selinker, L. (1994). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. Gywn-Paquette, C. & Tchon, F. (2003). Pre-service Teachers Reflections on Risk-Taking: The Dynamics of Practice and Experience While Experimenting With Innovation During Student Teaching. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 49(2), 163- 180 Gebhard, J.B. (2006). Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language: A Teacher Self-Development and Methodology Guide. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Goren, D., & Wilson, H. R. (2006). Quantifying facial expression recognition across viewing conditions. Vision Research, 46, 1253-1262. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2005.10.028 Gamble, C., Aliponga, J., Koshiyama, Y., Wilkins, M., Yoshida, K., & Ando, S. (2013). University Students’ Beliefs, Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Communicative Language Teaching. MEXTESOL, 32(2). Garner, R. (2013). Finland schools: Subjects scrapped and replaced with 'topics' as country reforms its education system. Europe- World: The Independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ finlandschools-subjects-are-out-and-topics-are-in-as-country-reforms-its-educationsystem-10123911. html Generation X. Generation Y. Generation X and the Baby Boomers. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.talentedheads.com/2013/04/09/generation-confused/ Hedberg, J. G. (2003). Educational Technology in Malaysia: The Resource Centre as a Unifying Concept. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Hart, J. (2011): Social Learning Handbook, Centre for Learning & Performance Technologies, Wiltshire. Hewes, B. (2012). Edmodo: Resource sharing, collaboration, lessons, communication, assessments and organization. Retrieved from http://biancahewes.wordpress.com/2011/11/30/edmodo-resourcesharingcollaboration-lessons-communication- assessments-and-organisation/ Hong, K., S. & Tan, K., W. (2009). Effectiveness of an Online Social Constructivist Mathematical Problem Solving Course for Malaysian Pre-Service Teachers. Hung, D., & Khine, M.S. (Eds). (2006). Engaged learning with emerging technologies. Netherlands: Springer Hinkel, E., & Fotos, S. (2002). From theory to practice: A teacher’s view. In E. Hinkel and S. Fotos (Eds.), New Perspectives on grammar teaching in second language classrooms, 1-12. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S.E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. Hamidon, Z. (2014, June). Application of Cloud Computing in Teaching and Learning in a Post- Graduate program at Open University Malaysia. Paper presented at Professional Development in Education (PDE 2014) Conference, Bandung,Indonesia. Hammond, M. (2005). A Review of Recent Papers on Online Discussion in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3). Hollenbeck, J., & Hristova, D. Z. (2008, February). Perceptions of Secondary Science Educators of Limited English Proficient (LEP) Learners in Their Classrooms. Paper presented at Hoosier Science Teacher?s Assoc. Science Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/ fulltext/ED520218.pdf Hosseini, S. B., & Pourmandnia, D. (2013). Language Learners’ Attitudes and Beliefs: Brief Review of the Related Literature and Frameworks. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications. Retrieved from http://www.ijonte.org/FileUpload/ks63207/File/06a. hosseini.pdf Huff Post (2012). Best Education in the World; Finland, South Korea Top Country Rankings, U.S. Rated Average. Retrieved From http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/best- education-in-thewor_n_2199795.html Imel, S. (2002). Trends and Issues Alert. E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.ericacve.org/pubs.asp Iwai, Y. (2008). The Perceptions of Japanese Students toward Academic English Reading: Implications for Effective ESL Reading Strategies. Multicultural Education. Illingworth, N. (2006). Restricted Access to Full Text. Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/11/1/illingworth. html Indramalar, S., & Chapman, K. (2003). School alone is not enough. The Star, Feb 16, 2-3. Jacob, S. A., & Furgerson, S. P. (2012). Writing Interview Protocols and Conducting Interviews: Tips for Students New to the Field of Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1-10. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ990034.pdf Jones, P., Packham, G., Miller, C., & Jones, A. (2004). An initial evaluation of student withdrawals within an elearning environment: The case of e-college Wales. Electronic Journal on e-Learning, 2 (1), 113-120. James, F. L. & Vanpatten, B. (1995). Making communicative language teaching happen. McGraw-Hill. Jonassen, D., Wang, S. (1993). Acquiring structural knowledge from semantically structured hypertext. Journal of Computer-based Instruction, 20(1), 1–8. Johnston, J., Killion, J. and Onmen, J. (2005). Student satisfaction in the virtual classroom. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 3. Jahin, Jamal Hamed (2012) "The Effect of Peer Reviewing on Writing Apprehension and Essay Writing Ability of Prospective EFL Teachers," Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(11), 4. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol37 /iss11/4 Jackson, A. (2015). Finland just unveiled a dramatic new approach to its schooling system. Retrieved from www.businessinsider.my/finland-just-unveiled-adramatic-new-approach-to-its-schooling- system-2015-3/ Kavcic, A., Pesek, M., Bohak, C., Marolt, M. (2013, June). Edoo: An Online Match-Making Portal for Educational Content Production. Challenges and Impacts for Individuals, Organizations and Society. Paper presented at 26th Bled eConference eInnovations. Kerr, C., Nixon, A. & Wild, D. (2010). Assessing and demonstrating data saturation in qualitative inquire supporting patient-reported outcomes research. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 10(3), 269-281. doi:10.1586/erp.10.30 Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of bloom’s taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. Kist, B. W. (2013). Class , Get Ready to Tweet : Social Media in the Classroom. Kongchan, C. (2008). How a Non-Digital-Native Teacher Makes Use of Edmodo. Kragler, S. (2000).Choosing books for reading: An analysis of three types of readers. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 14(2), 133-141. Knowles, M. S. (1986). Using learning contracts. Practical approaches to individualizing and structuring learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Kitao, K., & Kitao, S. K. (1995). English teaching: Theory, research and practice. Tokyo: Eichosha. Khan, B. H. (Ed.). (1997). Web-Based Instruction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Kanuha, V. K. (2000). “Being” native versus “going native”: Conducting social work research as an insider. Social Work, 45(5), 439-447. Krashen, S. D. (1989). We Acquire Vocabulary and Spelling by Reading: Additional Evidence for the Input Hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 440-464. Kumar, S., & Toteja, R. (2012). Print to Digital; A Study of Students Psychosomatic Cost in Traditional and E-Learning. In The 3rd International Conference on e-Learning ICEL. Bandung, Indonesia. Lie, A. (n.d.). Social Media in a Content Course, 48–62. Lim, B., & Yiong, C. (2008). Acceptance of e-learning among distance learners : A Malaysian perspective, 541–551. Lamb, M. (2004). It depends on the students themselves: Independent language learning at an Indonesian state school. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 17, 229–245. Lawrence, G. (1993). People types and tiger stripes: A practical guide to learning styles (3rd ed.). Gainsville, FL: Center for Application of Psychological Type. Little, D.(2007) Language learner autonomy and the European Language Portfolio: two ESL case studies “Learner autonomy in language learning: widening the circle”, IATEFL Learner Autonomy SIG, CELTE, University of Warwick. Retrieved May 9, 2014, from www.warwick.ac.uk/go/circal/12mayevent/david_little Lee, K. C., & Chung, N. (2009). Understanding factors affecting trust in and satisfaction with mobile banking in Korea: A modified DeLone and McLean’s model perspective. Interacting with Computers Liu, Y. & Ginther, D., (1999). Cognitive Styles and Distance Education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2, 3. Looi, C. Y. & Yusop F. D. (2011). Potential use of social networking tool to assist reading comprehension; implications for practice and future research. JurnalPendidikan, 31(1), 189-201. Lee, M. K. O., Cheung, C. M. K., & Chen, Z. (2005). Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: The role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Information and Management, 42, 1095-1104. Lamboy, C. L. (2003). Using Technology in an English as a Second Language Course to Accommodate Visual, Kinesthetic, and Auditory Learners to Affect Students? Self-Efficacy About Learning the Language. Nova Southeastern University. Leopold, L. (2012). In the Classroom: Prewriting Tasks for Auditory, Visual, and Kinesthetic Learners. TESL CANADA JOURNAL. Light, J., & Gnida, S. (2012). Mind the Gap: How a Project in Alberta Attempted to Narrow the Gap Between Classroom Teachers and Language Education Research. TESL CANADA JOURNAL, 30(1). Lu, J., & Churchill, D. (2013). Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Conference International Council for Educational Media (ICEM): Creating Personal Learning Environments to Enhance Learning Engagements. IEEE Annual Conference International Council for Educational Media (Ed.). Lauritzen, C., & Jaeger, M. (1997). Integrating learning through story: The narrative curriculum. Albany, NY: Delmar. Lim, C.S., & Hwa, T.Y. (2007). Promoting mathematical thinking in the Malaysian classroom: issues and challenges, Retrieved from http://www.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/math/apec/apec2007/paper_pdf/Lim%20Chap%20Sam.pdf. Mohamad, J., Majid, P. M. & Hanan, A. (2012). EFL Students? Attitudes towards Learning English Language: The Case of Libyan Secondary School Students. Asian Social Science, 8(2). Morse, J. M. (2000). Determining Sample Size. Qualitative Health Research, 10(1), 35. Ministry of Education. (1997). The Malaysian Smart School; A Conceptual Blueprint. An MSC Flagship Application. Malaysia. Malcat. (2015). In Malcat. Retrieved from http://malcat.uum.edu.my/kip/Search/Results?lookfor =edmodo&type=AllFields&submi=Find&shard%5B%5D= Institutional+Repository&shard%5B%5D=Library+ Catalog&limit=20&sort=relevance Maguth, B. M. &Harshman, J. R. (2013). Social Networkign and the Social Studies for Citizenship Education.Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, Vol. 9. McClain, C. & Brown, A. (2013). Literature 2.0: An Exploration of Character using Edmodo. Department of Education, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, June 26, 2013, 55-60 Mayer, R. E. (2010). Seeking a science of instruction. Instructional Science, 38: 143-145. Mertens, D. (1998). Research methods in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London. Sage Publications Marchewka, J. T., & Kostiwa, K. (2007). An Application of the UTAUT Model for Understanding Student Perceptions Using Course Management Software Student Perceptions Using Course Management Software, 7(2). Mazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E., & Simonds, C. J. (2007). I’ll See You On “Facebook”: The Effects of Computer-Mediated Teacher Self-Disclosure on Student Motivation, Affective Learning, and Classroom Climate. Communication Education, 56(1), 1-17. doi:10.1080/03634520601009710 Moss, B., & Hendershot, J. (2002). Exploring sixth graders' selection of nonfiction trade books. The Reading Teacher, 56(1), 6-17. Meijer, J. & Oostdam, (2007) Test anxiety and intelligence testing: A closer examination of the stage-fright hypothesis and the influence of stressful instruction. Anxiety Stress Coping, 20. 77-91 Mantero, M., & Iwai, Y. (2005). Reframing English language education in Japan. The Asian EFL Journal, 7 (2), 165-174. McLoughlin, C. (1999). The implications of the research literature on learning styles for the design of instructional material. Australian Journal of Educational Technology. 1999, 15(3), 222-241. Mathema, K. B., & Bista, M. B. (2006). Study on student performance in SLC. Kathmandu: Ministry of Education and Sports, pp.1-425, Retrieved from http://www.esat.org.np/documents/curriculum/report/cover.pdf Mac Gowan‐Gilhooly, A. (1991). Fluency first: Reversing the traditional ESL sequence. Journal of Basic Writing, 10(1). Mamat, N., & Yusof, N. (2013). Learning Style in A Personalized Collaborative Learning Framework. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 586-594. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.376 Markee, N. (2002). Language in Development: Questions of Theory, Questions of Practice. TESOL Quarterly: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, 36(3). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3588413 McCosker, H., Barnard, A., & Gerber, R. (2001). Undertaking Sensitive Research: Issues and Strategies for Meeting the Safety Needs of All Participants. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 2(1). Retrieved from http://www.qualitativeresearch. net/index. php/fqs/article/view/983/2142 Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14, 129-135. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001 Maynard, M. (1994) Methods, practice and epistemology: the debate about feminism and research, in: M. Maynard & J. Purvis (Eds) Researching Women’s Lives from a Feminist Perspective,10 –26, London: Taylor and Francis Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Beverly Hills: Sage. Mishler, E. (1986). The analysis of interview-narratives. In T. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct, 233-255. New York, U.S. Merriam-Webster.(2015). Perception | Definition of perception by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ perception Mills, C. W. (1959). Book Reviews: The Sociological Imagination. Science. doi:10.1126/science.130.3366.33 Niederhauser, D., & Stoddart, T., (1994). The relationship between teachers’ belief about computer assisted-instruction and their practice. In J. Willis, B. Robin, & D., Willis (Eds.), Technology and Teacher Education Annual 52-56. Charlottesville, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Norman, D. A., & Spohrer, J. C. (1996). Learner-centered education. Communications of The ACM. doi:10.1145/227210.227215 O’Malley, J., & McCraw, H. (1999). Students’ perceptions of distance learning, online learning, and the traditional classroom. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2(4).Retrieved from www.westga.edu/~distance/omalley24.html Ozden, M. Y., Ertürk, I., & Sanli, R. (2004). Students’ Perceptions of Online Assessment : A Case Study, 19(2), 77–92. Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28. Oxford, R. (2003). Language learning styles and strategies: Concepts and relationships. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 41(4), 271-278. Oxford, R. (1990). Evidence from research on language learning styles and strategies in Georgetown University round table on language and linguistics, 1990. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, U.S. Ortega, L. (2009). Understanding second language acquisition. London: Hodder Education. Oxford Dictionaries (2015). Perception - definition of perception in English from the Oxford dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ english/perception Picciano, A. G. (2002). Beyond Student Perceptions: Issues of Interaction, Presence and Performance in an Online Course, 6(1), 21–40. Prensky, M. : Digital natives, digital immigrants. Mcb University Press, 9(5), 2001. Pintor, C. (2012). Summative Evaluation of Edmodo Introductory Training, 1-5. Palloff, R.M.& Pratt. K. (1999). Building learning communities in cyberspace: Effectives strategies for online classroom. San Francisco, CA, U.S. Pop, A. (2013). Edmodo E‐portfolios in EFL: A case study. Retrieved from http://c3.icvl.eu/disc/2013/ icvl/documente/pdf/intel/ICVL_IntelEducation_ paper8.pdf Puchta, J. (1999, April). Beyond materials, techniques, and linguistic analysis: The role of motivation, beliefs, and identity. Plenary paper, 33rd International IATEFL Annual Conference, Edinburgh, England. Park, J.I., & Yang, Y., (2013). Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception of and Technology Competency at Creating and Using E-Picture Books, in International Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 4, 124-133. Pasch, M, Langer, G., Gardner, T. G., Starko, A. J., & Moody, C. D. (1995). Teaching decision making: Successful practices for the elementary teacher. New York, NY: Longman. PR, N. (2012). Common Sense Media and Edmodo Team Up to Bring K- 12 Digital Literacy and Citizenship Lessons to Schools Nationwide. PR Newswire US. Retrieved from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=bwh&AN=201209190900PR.NEWS.USPR.SF76614& site=ehost-live&scope=site Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: cleaning up a messy construct. Review of Educational Research, 62(3), 307-332. Pennington, M. C. (1995). Eight case studies of classroom discourse in the Hong Kong secondary English class. Research Report No.42. Department of English, City University of Hong Kong. Plotnick, E. (1997). Concept mapping: a graphical system for understanding the relationship between concepts. Journal of Information and Technology, 234-240. QS Top Universities (2014). Universiti Malaya (UM) Rankings. Retrieved from http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/ universiti-malaya-um/undergrad Ravenscroft, A. (2001). Designing E-learning Interactions in the 21st Century: Revisiting and Rethinking the Role of Theory. European Journal of Education, 36(2), 133-156. Rais, M., Karim, A., & Hashim, Y. (2004). The Experience of the E-Learning Implementation at the UniversitiPendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia, 1(1), 50–59. Rodriguez, M.C., Ooms, A., Montanez, M. & Yan, Y.L. (2005). Perceptions of Online Learning Quality Given Comfort with Technology, Motivation to Learn Technology Skills, Satisfaction, and Online Learning Experience. Presented at American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting 2005. Ramayah, T., Ahmad, N. H., & Lo, M. (2010). The role of quality factors in intention to continue using an e-learning system in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 5422-5426. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.885 Recepoglu, E. (2013). Analyzing teachers? Perceptions on learning organizations in terms of different variables. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 618-623. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.249 Redman, C., & Trapani, F. (2012). Experiencing new technology: exploring preservice teachers' perceptions and reflections upon the affordances of social media. Paper presented at Joint AARE APERA International Conference, Sydney, Australia. Richardson, J. T. (2005). Students' perceptions of academic quality and approaches to studying in distance education.British Educational Research Journal, 31(1), 7-27. doi:10.1080/0141192052000310001 Rivero, V. (2013). Tools for Learning: Meaningful Connections-What's New in the Social Media Sphere? - Internet@Schools Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.internetatschools.com/Articles/ Editorial/Features/TOOLS-FORLEARNING-Meaningful- Connections--Whats-New-in-the-Social-MediaSphere- 93158.aspx Rubin, C. M. (2013). Education World: Edmodo Platform Transforms Learning. Retrieved from http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/rubin/edmodo-platformtransforms-learning.shtml Rahamat, R., Shah, P. M., Din, R., & Abd. Aziz, J. (2011). Students’ Readiness and Perceptions towards using Mobile Technologies for Learning the English Language Literature Component. The English Teacher, 5, 69-84. Rybas, N., & Gajjala, R. (2007). Developing Cyberethnographic Research Methods for Understanding Digitally Mediated Identities: Qualitative Social Research. Retrieved from http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/ article/view/282/619 Savery, J. R. (2002). Faculty/Student Perceptions of Technology, 1(2), 1–16. Stracker, C. M. (2011). Open Learning. The Concept for Modernizing School Education and Lifelong Learning Through the Combination of Learning Innovations and Quality. Shachter, R. (2011). How to Use Technology to Connect Your Students to a Larger World. Kid to Kid Connections. Stevenson, O. (2008). Ubiquitous presence, partial use: the everyday interaction of children and their families with ICT. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 17(2), 115-130. Sahin, I., & Shelley, M. (2008). Considering Students’ Perceptions: The Distance Education Student Satisfaction Model. Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 216–223. Steinman, A. (n.d.). Analysis of a Technology Innovation in the Classroom Applying Technology to a Problem of Practice in Education Overview The Problem of Practice : A Need or an Opportunity Technology-Integrated Solution. Stodel, E. J., & Thompson, T. L. (2006). Learning : Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework, 7(3). Sewell, E. J. (2003). Students' Choice of Books during Self-Selected Reading. ODRS opinion papers. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login. aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED476400&site=ehost-live Stipek, D. (2002). Motivation to Learn: Integrating Theory and Practice. Boston Massachusetts: Pearson Education Company. Sarason, I. G. (1987). Test Anxiety, Cognitive Interference, and Performance. In R. E. Snow, &M. J. Farr, Aptitude, Learning and Instruction: Cognitive and Affective Process Analyses (131-142). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Schulz, R. A. (1996). Focus on form in the foreign language classroom: Students’ and teachers’ views on error correction and the role of grammar. Foreign Language Annals, 29(3), 333-364. Savignon, S. J. (1997). Communicative competence: Theory and classroom practice. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, U.S. Schoenfeld, A. H. (1983). Beyond the purely cognitive: Belief systems, social cognitions, and metacognitions as driving forces in intellectual performance. Cognitive Science, 7(4), 329-363. Smith, L., & Renzulli, J. (1984). Learning style preferences: A practical approach for classroom teachers. Theory into Practice, 23(1), 44-50. Sarmany-Schuller, I. (1999). Cognitive and learning styles–possible applications in education, In: SCHOLA 99. Vzdelávanievysokoškolskýchučiteľov. Bratislava. Swan, K. (2001). Virtual interaction: design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online course. Distance Education, 1: 306-331. Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research and practice. 2nd ed Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar instruction and corrective feedback: USAColumbia. Modern Language Journal,85, 244-258. SorayyaMalek. (2002). Reducing cognitive load using concept maps, 22-31. Solvie, P. A., & Sungur, E. A. (2006). Concept maps/graphs/trees/vines in education. Journal of Science and Mathematics, 220-228. Schiller, K. (2011). Information Today-Volume 28, Number 8-September 2011. Retrieved from http://www.infotoday.com/it/sep11/index.shtml Schrader, D. (2013). A Definition of Traditional Teaching | New Tech Network. Retrieved from http://www.newtechnetwork.org/blog/definition-traditionalteaching Shih, M. (1986). Content-Based Approaches to Teaching Academic Writing. TESOL Quarterly: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, 20(4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3586515 Silverman, D. (2009). What You Can (and Can?t) Do with Qualitative Research. Sage Publications. Simuth, J., &Schuller, I. S. (2014). Cognitive style variable in e-learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral, 1464-1476. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.417 Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and Research on Anxiety, In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and Behaviour. 3-20. New York; Academic Press. Shrestha, R. (1983). English as a second language/English as a foreign language distinction; Its pedagogy and the Nepalese context. Contributions to Nepaleses tudies, 11(1), 45-59. Schommer, M. (1990). Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(3), 498-504. Schwandt, T. A. (2000). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretivism, hermeneutics and social constructivism. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S.Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research Ed 2nd (189-214). Thousand Oaks, CA, U.S. Sade-Beck, L. (2004). Internet ethnography: Online and offline. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(2).Article 4. Retrieved from http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/3_2/pdf/ sadebeck.pdf Sieber, J. (1993) The ethics and politics of sensitive research in Renzetti C & Lee R. (eds). Researching sensitive topics, London: Sage Publication. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publication Seymour, W. S. (2001). In the flesh or online?Exploring qualitative research methodologies. Qualitative Research. doi:10.1177/146879410100100203 Shittu, A. T., Gambari, A. I., & Sule, A. O. (2013). Students’ Attitude and Behavioural Intention on Adoption of Internet for Learning among Al-Hikmah University Students in Nigeria: A Test of Technology Acceptance Model. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 89-107. Retrieved from http://mjde.usm.my/vol15_ 2_2013/6- MJDE-v15n2.pdf Syed Mohamad, S. J. A. N. (2004). Style of Learning among Malay Undergraduate Students in Malaysian Universities Shah Alam, Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi MARA. Syed Mohamad, S. J. A. N., Talib, R., & Faridah, A. (2007, June). A True Experience In Managing An E-learning Program At Universiti Teknologi MARA. Paper presented at iMEC, Penang. Tomassini, J. (2013). Edmodo Now Closer to Social Network. Australian Educational Computing, vol. 27 Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317_348. Thien, P. C., Phan, L. Van, Loi, N. K., Tho, Q. T., Suhonen, J., & Sutinen, E. (2013). Applying Edmodo to Serve an Online Distance Learning System for Undergraduate Students in Nong. Threadkell, J. E. (2010). Seeking new perspectives on self-selected and teacher assigned texts: exploring adolescent readers’ experiences. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Manitoba Trigwell, K. & Prosser, M. (1997) Towards an understanding of individual acts of teaching and learning, Higher Education Research and Development, 16, 241-252. Trombley, B. K., & Lee, Y-C (2002). Web-based learning in corporations: who is using it and why, who is not and why not? Journal of Educational Media, 27, 3, 137-146. Tsai, C.-C. (2004). Adolescents’ perceptions toward the Internet: A 4-T framework. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 7, 458-463. Truscott, J. (1996). The case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes. Language Learning, 46, 327-369. Tang, E. L. Y; Lee, J. C. K.; & Chun, C. K. W. (2012) "Development of teaching beliefs and the focus of change in the process of pre- service ESL teacher education," Australian Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 37: Iss. 5, Article 8. Retreived from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol37/iss5/8 Teemant, A. (2010). ESL student perspectives on university classroom testing practices. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 10(3), 89-105. Thomas, E. A. (2010). Teaching College Writing Using Learner Generated Materials and Self Review. The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges. Tomassini, J. (2013, January 9). Education Week: Teachers Gravitate to Social Networks Tailored for Educators. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2013/01/09/15 social_ep.h32.html Trust, T. (2012). Professional Learning Networks Designed for Teacher Learning. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 28(4). Tsai, S., & Machado, P. (2002). E-Learning Basics: Essay: E-learning, online learning, web-based learning, or distance learning: unveiling the ambiguity in current terminology. Elearn. UNESCO.(n.d). In UNESCO List of Virtual Universities. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/iiep/virtualuniversity/linksliste.php UNESCO. (2004). Integrated ICT into education: Lesson learned. UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, Bangkok, Thailand, Retrieved from http://www.gesci.org/old/files/docman/ICT_ integrating_education.pdf. Vyas, R.V., R.C. Sharma, & A. Kumar (2003). Delivery tools of distance learning in psychology through internet : An overview. In N.K. Chandel, R. Jit, S. Mal, & A. Sharma (Eds.), Psychological implications of information technology (124-140). New Delhi : Deep & Deep Publications. Vernadakis, N. (2012). A comparison of student satisfaction between traditional and blended technology course offerings in Physical Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(1). Victori, M. & Lockhart, W. (1995). Enhancing metacognition in self-directed language learning. System, 23(2), 223-234. Wikipedia (2014). In Skype. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype Woo, Y. & Reeves, T. C.: Meaningful interaction in web-based learning: A social constructivist interpretations. In: Internet and Higher Education, Vol. 10, 2007, 15-25. White, C. (2005). Contribution of distance education to the development of individual learners. Distance Education, 26(2), 165-181. Wise, A. E. (2002). Performance-based accreditation: Reform in action. Retrieved from the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education Website: http://www.ncate.org/newsbrfs/reforminaction.htm Weinert, F. E., & Kluwe, R. H. (1987). Metacognition, Motivation and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Wu, J. H., & Wang, Y. M. (2006). Measuring KMS success: A respecification of the DeLone and McLean's model. Information & Management 43(6), 728-739. Wang, Y. S., & Liao, Y. W. (2008). Assessing eGovernment systems success: A validation of the DeLone and McLean model of information systems success. Government Information Quarterly, 25(4), 717-733. Walker, J. L. (2012). The use of saturation in qualitative research. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 22(2), 37-46. Wu, W. & Hwang, L. (2010). The effectiveness of e-learning for blended courses in colleges: A multi-level empirical study. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 8(4), 312-322. Wang, Y. (2001). Using cooperative learning in English conservation course for junior college students in Taiwan. Journal of Penghu Institute of Technology, 4. Wallace, A. (2013). Social learning platforms and the flipped classroom. In Second International Conference on e‐Learning and e‐Technologies in Education (ICEEE), 2013 (pp. 198‐200). IEEE. Wang, T. P. (2007). The Comparison of the Difficulties between Cooperative Learning and Traditional Teaching Methods in College English Teachers. Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 3(2). Wei, M. (2006). A Literature Review on Strategies for Teaching Pronunciation. Wen, M. L., & Tsai, C. (2006). University Students? Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward (Online) Peer Assessment. Higher Education, 51(1), 27-44. doi:10.1007/s10734- 004-6375-8 Wu, X. (2003). Intrinsic motivation and young language learners: the impact of the classroom environment. Elsevier Ltd, 501-517. doi:10.1016/j.system.2003.04.001 Woroniecka, I. (1998). A nonnative student’s reactions to instructors’ feedback on his papers: A case study of an undergraduate history student (Master’s Thesis). University of Toronto; Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://www.nlcbnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dskl/tape11/PQDD_ 0004/MQ40680.pdf Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Walsham, G. (1993). Interpreting information systems in organizations.Chichester, NH: Wiley. Wahit, F., &Mohd, M. (2013). Evaluation on Usability of Enhancement e-Learning of PTPL College Sabah with Social Networking Elements. Paper presented at The 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI 2013). Yin, R. K (2011). Qualitative Research: From Start to Finish. United States of America. The Guilford Press. Yang, W. Y. & Cornelius, L.F.: Students’ perceptions towards the quality of online education: A qualitative approach. In: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Vol. 27, 2004, 861-877. Yang, N. D. (1999).The relationship between EFL learners' beliefs and learning strategy use. System, 27(4), 515-535. Yoon, G.S. (1994). The effect of instructional control, cognitive style and prior knowledge on learning of computer assisted instruction. Journal of Educational Technology Systems. 22, 4, 357-370. Yang, Y., & Lin, N. C. (2010). Internet perceptions, online participation and language learning in Moodle forums: A case study on nursing students in Taiwan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2647-2651. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.388 Yilmaz, Y. (2012). KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN E-LEARNING PRACTICES. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2). Zeidner. (1998). Test Anxiety: The State of the Art. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher.