Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between audit fees and the formation of risk management committee (RMC). Based on the agency theory, it states that agency problem occur due to information asymmetry between the agent and principal. Thus, the formation of RMC may act as an agent...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Masturah, Malik @ Malek
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/1/s817471_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/2/s817471_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.6050
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Shafie, Rohami
topic HD61 Risk Management
spellingShingle HD61 Risk Management
Masturah, Malik @ Malek
Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
description The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between audit fees and the formation of risk management committee (RMC). Based on the agency theory, it states that agency problem occur due to information asymmetry between the agent and principal. Thus, the formation of RMC may act as an agent to principal in assessing and disclosing more information regarding the risks that occur in the company. Hence, this will increase the transparency of the company as well as reduce agency problems thus, leading towards higher quality of financial reporting. This study predicts that by forming separate RMC and having members of RMC whom are more independent, expert and female are more likely to demand for higher audit engagement thus, lead towards higher audit fees. Analyses were conducted by using 208 data listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia in 2014. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method was employed to estimate the relationship between RMC and audit fees. The results show that RMC members with independent non-executive and with financial expertise are significantly, positively associated with audit fees since they demand higher level of assurance in auditing. Meanwhile, separate RMC and female members show that they are positively associated with audit fees but are not significant. Therefore, the results provide initial evidence on the relationship between audit fees and RMC in the Malaysian business environment.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Masturah, Malik @ Malek
author_facet Masturah, Malik @ Malek
author_sort Masturah, Malik @ Malek
title Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
title_short Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
title_full Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
title_fullStr Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia
title_sort risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in malaysia
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy (TISSA)
publishDate 2016
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/1/s817471_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/2/s817471_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828014947762176
spelling my-uum-etd.60502021-04-06T06:22:49Z Risk management committee and audit pricing: evidence in Malaysia 2016 Masturah, Malik @ Malek Shafie, Rohami Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy (TISSA) Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy (TISSA) HD61 Risk Management The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between audit fees and the formation of risk management committee (RMC). Based on the agency theory, it states that agency problem occur due to information asymmetry between the agent and principal. Thus, the formation of RMC may act as an agent to principal in assessing and disclosing more information regarding the risks that occur in the company. Hence, this will increase the transparency of the company as well as reduce agency problems thus, leading towards higher quality of financial reporting. This study predicts that by forming separate RMC and having members of RMC whom are more independent, expert and female are more likely to demand for higher audit engagement thus, lead towards higher audit fees. Analyses were conducted by using 208 data listed companies in the Bursa Malaysia in 2014. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method was employed to estimate the relationship between RMC and audit fees. The results show that RMC members with independent non-executive and with financial expertise are significantly, positively associated with audit fees since they demand higher level of assurance in auditing. Meanwhile, separate RMC and female members show that they are positively associated with audit fees but are not significant. Therefore, the results provide initial evidence on the relationship between audit fees and RMC in the Malaysian business environment. 2016 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/1/s817471_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/6050/2/s817471_02.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Abbott, L., Parker, J., S., Peters, G. F. & Raghunandan, K. 2003. An empirical investigation of the audit fees, nonaudit fees, and audit committees. Contemporary Accounting Research 20(2): 1-21. Adams, R., & Ferreira, D.(2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics 94 (2): 291–309. A Global Corporate Governance Forum Publication. (2015). International Finance Corporation (Brochure). Alzharani, A.M. & Aljaaidi, K.S. (2015). An empirical investigation of audit committee effectiveness and risk management : Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, Vol.7,pp 33-49. Anderson, T., & Zeghal, D. (1994). The pricing of audit services: Further evidence from the Canadian market. Accounting and Business Research, 24(95), 195-207. Antle, R., Gordon, E., Narayanamorthy, G., & Zhoul, L. (2006). The Joint Determinants of Audit Fees, Non-audit Fees and Abnormal Accruals. Review of Quaterly Financial Accounting, 27, 235-266. Ararat, M. & Alkan, S. (2014). 2014 annual report of women on board Turkey. Retrieved from http://Women_on_board_Turkey_2014_2nd_Annual_Report.pdf. Arfken, D., Bellar, S, & Helms, M. (2004). The ultimate Glass Ceiling Revisited: The presence of women on corporate boards. Journal of Business ethics, Vol. 50, pp. 177-186. Asterious, D. & Hall, S.G. (2007). Applied Econometrics : A Modern Approach Using Eviews and Microfit, New York, Palgave Macmillian; USA Bates II, E. W. &, Leclerc, R. J. (2009). Boards of Directors and Risk Committees. Corporate Governance Advisor, Nov/Dec 17 (6): 15-17. Beasley, M. S., Clune, R., & Hermanson, D. R. (2005). Enterprise Risk Management: An Empirical Analysis of Factors Associated with the Extent of Implementation. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 24(6), 521-531. Beaumier, C. & DeLoach, J. (2012, January). Risk Oversight Should Your Board Have a Separate Risk Committee? Paper presented at The Conference Board Inc. Becht, M., Bolton, P., & Roell, A. (2011). Why bank corporate governance is different. Oxford Review of Economic policy, 27(3), 437-463. Bell,T., Landsman,W.,& Shackelford, D. (2001). Auditors’ Perceived Business Risk and Audit Fees : Analysis and Evidence. Journal of Accounting Research, 39(1), 35-43. Bloomfield, D., & Shackman, J. (2008). Non-audit service fees, auditors characteristics and earning restatement. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol, 23, pp.125-141. Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroskedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47, 1287-1294. Brown, I., Steen, A. and Foreman, J. (2009). Risk management in corporate governance: an review and proposal, Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 17, pp. 546-558. Brooks, P., & Zank, H. (2005). Loss Averse Behavior. Journal of Risks and Uncertainty, pp.310-325. Bugalla, J., Kallman, J., Lindo, S. and Narvaez, K. (2012), “The new model of governance and risk management for financial institutions”, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, Vol. 5, pp. 181-93. Burke, R. J. and Mattis, M.C.(2000). Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Carcello, J.,& Neal, T. (2000). Audit Committee Composition and Auditor Reporting. The Accounting Review, 75(4), 453-467. Carson, E. (2002). Factors associated with the development of board sub-committees. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 10 (1), 4-18. Chan, P., Ezzamel, M., & Gwilliam, D. (1993). Determinants of audit fees for quoted UK companies. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 20(6), 765-786. Che Ahmad, A. (2001). The Malaysian Market for Audit Services: A Test of Ethnic and Regional Quality Issues. Unpublished Thesis. The University of Melbourne, Australia. Che Ahmad, A. and Houghton, K.A. (2001). The effect of ethnicity on audit pricing, working paper, Universiti Utara, Malaysia and University of Melbourne, Melbourne. Che Ahmad, A.,Shafie, S.& Mohamad Yusof, N.Z. (2006). The Provision of Non-Audit Services, Audit Fees and Auditor Independence. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(1), 21-40. Courtney, N.,& Jubb, C.(2001). Attachment between Directors and Auditors : They Affect Engagement Tenure? AAA Mid-Year Auditing Section Meeting, Orlando, Florida. 16-17 January 2002. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.(2004). Enterprise risk management—integrated framework. New York: COSO. Craswell, A., & Francis, J. (1999). Pricing Initial Audit Engagements: A Test of Competing Theories. The Accounting Review, 74(2), 201-216. Davis, L., Ricchiute, D and Trompeter, G. (1993). Audit Effort, Audit Fees and the Provision of Non-audit Services to Audit Clients. The Accounting Review, 68(1), 135-50. DeAngelo, L. (1981). Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics (December): 183-199. Deloitte (2014). Risk Committee Resource Guide. Deloitte Centre. Dey, A. (2008).Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1143-1181. DeZoort, F., & Salterio, S. (2001). The Effects of Corporate Governance Experience and Financial Reporting and Audit Knowledge on Audit Committee Members’ Judgement. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 20(2), 31-47. Dionne, G., & Triki, T. (2005). Risk management and corporate governance: The importance of independence and financial knowledge for the board and audit committee. Working paper 05-15. Fama, E. F., & Jenson, M. C. (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics 26: 301-326. Farinha, J., & Viana, L. F. (2009). Board structure and modified audit opinions: Evidence from the Portuguese stock exchange. International Journal of Auditing, 13, 237-258. Firth, M. (1997). The Provision of Non-Audit Service and the Pricing of Audit Fees. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 24 (3&4), 511-525. Firth, M. (2002). Auditor-Provided Consultancy Services and their Association with Audit Fees and Audit Opinions. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 29 (5&6), 661-693. Field A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS, 3rd edition, SAGE. Publication ltd. Fondas, N. and S. Sassalos (2000).‘A different voice in the boardroom: how the presence of women directors affects board influence over management’, Global Focus, Vol.12, pp. 13–22. Francis, J. & Simon, D. (1987). A test of audit pricing in the small-client segment of the US audit market. The Accounting Review, 62(1), 145–157. Francis, J.& Stokes, D. (1986). Audit Prices, Product Differentiation and Scale of Economies : Further Evidence from the Australian Market. Journal of Accounting Research, 24(2), 383-393. Gomez, E. T., & Jomo, K. S. (1997). Malaysia's political economy: Politics, patronage and profits (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Griffin, P., Lont, D. and Sun, Y. (2008). Corporate governance and audit fees: evidence of countervailing relations. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 4(1): 18-49. Gul, F. (2006). Auditors’ Response to Political Connection and Cronyism in Malaysia. Journal of Accounting Research, 44(5), 931-963. Hair, J.F.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black, W.C. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis (3rd Ed.) New York: Macmillan. Harrison, J.R. (1987). The Strategic Use of Corporate Board Committees. California Management Review, 30(1), 109-125. Hassan, M.S (2008). Determinants of Financial Instruments Disclosure Quality among Listed Firms in Malaysia. Social Science Research Network. Hay, D. & Knechel. W.R. (2004). Evidence on the Association among Elements of Control and External Assurance. Working paper, University of Auckland. Hay, D. C., Knechel, W. R. & Wong, N. (2006). Audit Fees: A Meta-analysis of the Effect of Supply and Demand Attributes. Contemporary Accounting Research, 23, 141-191. Hay, D., Knechel, W. R. and Ling, H. (2008), Evidence on the Impact of Internal Control and Corporate Governance on Audit Fees. International Journal of Auditing, 12: 9–24. Hayes, A. F. & Cai, L., (2007). Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimatorsin OLS regression : An Introduction and Software Implementation. Journal of Behavioral Research Methods.39(4), 709-722. Healy, J.F. (2002). Statistics : A Tools for Social Research, 6th Edition, Wad Worth Thampson Learning, United States. Islam, M.N., & Huq, R.R. (2010). Agency Problem and the Role of Audit Committee: Implication for Corporate Sector in Bangladesh. Journal of International Economics and Finance. Vol 2. Ittonen, K., & Peni, E. (2011). Auditor’s Gender and Audit Fees. International Journal of Auditing, Vol.16, pp.1-18. Jensen, M.C., & Meckling, W., (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3, 305–360. Jelinek, M., and Adler, N. J. (1988). Women: World-class managers for global competition. The Academy of Management Executive, 2 (1):11-19. John, K. & Senbet, L.W.(1998). Corporate Governance and Board Effectiveness. Journal of Banking & Finance, 22,pp. 371-403. Johnson, S., & Mitton, T. (2003). Cronyism and capital controls: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Economics, 67(2), 351–382. Joshi, P., & AL‐Bastaki, H. (2000). Determinants of audit fees: evidence from the companies listed in Bahrain. Journal of International Auditing, 4(2), 129-138. Ji-Hong, L. (2007). On Determinants of Audit Fee : New Evidence from China. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 3 (4), 60-64. Jiraporn, P., Singh, M. & Lee, C.I.,(2009). Ineffective corporate governance: Director business and board committee memberships. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33, 819-828. Kallamu, B.S. (2015). Risk management committee attributes and firm performance. Journal of International Finance and Banking, Vol.2 (2). Karmardin, H. & Edogbanya, A.(2015). The Relationship between Audit and Risk Management Committees on Financial Performance of Non-financial Companies in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.6. Klein, A., (1998). Firm Performance and Board Committee Structure. Journal of Law and Economics. 41,pp. 275-303. Liew, C.L., Mat Zain, M., & Jaafar, N. (2012). Board of directors and voluntary formation of risk management committee: Malaysia evidence. International Journal on Social Science Economics & Arts, 2(2), 67-73. Lorsch, J. W. (1995). Empowering the board. Harvard Business Review, 107- 117. Low,L., Tan, P., & Koh, H. (1990). The Determinants of Audit Fees : An Analysis in the Singapore Context. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting , 17(2), 285-295. Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG). 2012. Md Yusof, M.A. & Che Ahmad, A.(2000). Auditor’s Fee, Change and Lowballing in Malaysia. Paper presented at the Seminar on Accounting Information System, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah. Md Yusof, M.A & Ishak, S. (2013). The Formation of Separate Risk Management Committee and The Effect On Modified Audit Report, Malaysian Management Journal, Vol. 17, 43- 58. Ng, T-H., Chong, L-L., & Ismail, H. (2013). Is risk management committee only a procedural compliance? An insight into managing risk taking among insurance companies in Malaysia. Journal of Risk Finance, 14(1), 71-86. Nigeria Code on Corporate Governance. (2011). O’Keefe,T., Simunic, D.,& Stein, M. (1994). The Production of Audit Services : Evidence from a major Public Accounting Firm. Journal of Accounting Research, 32(2), 241-261. Olamide, O., Uwalomwa, U. & Ranti, U.O.(2015). The effect of risk management on bank’s financial performance in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Auditing : Research & Practice, Vol. 2015. Organization for Economics Cooperation and Developments (2014). Risk Management and Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance, OECD Publishing. Pallant, J. (2010). A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using SPSS. McGrawHil. 5th Edition, pp. 133-135 Palmrose, Z. (1986). Audit fees and auditor size: Further evidence. Journal of Accounting Research, 24(1), 97–110. Parkash,M.,& Venable, C.(1993). Auditee Incentives for Auditor Independence : The Case of Non-Audit Services. The Accounting Review, 68(1), 113-133. Patel, S.A., Balic, A. and Bwakira, L. (2002). Measuring Transparency and Disclosure at Firm Level in Emerging Market. Emerging Markets Review 3: 325-337. Peel, M.,& Clatworthy, M. (2001). The Relationship between Governance Structure and Audit Fees Pre-Cadbury : Some Empirical Findings. Corporate Governance, 9(4), 286-297. Public Oversight Board.(1993). In the Public Interest: A Special Report by the Public Oversight Board of the SEC Practice Section. Stamford, CT: POB. Pucheta-Martinez, M. C., & Fuentes, C. D. (2007). The impact of audit committee characteristics on the enhancement of the quality of financial reporting: An empirical study in the Spanish context. Corporate governance: An international review, 15(6), 1394-1412. Roberts, J., McNulty, T., & Stiles, P. (2005). Beyond agency conceptions of the work of the non-executive director: Creating accountability in the boardroom. British Journal of Management, 16(1), 5-26. Safitri, A.K. & Meiranto, W. (2013). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembentukan Risk Management Committee. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, Vol.2, 1.12. Sandra, W., & Patrick, P. (1996). The determinants of audit fees in Hong Kong: An empirical study. Asian Review of Accounting, 4(2), 32-50. Sekome, N.B & Lemma, T.T. (2014). Determinants of Voluntary Formation of Risk Management Committee. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol.29, pp.649-671. Simunic, D. A. (1980). The pricing of audit services: Theory and evidence. Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1), 161-190. Simunic, D., (1984). Auditing, consulting and auditor independence. Journal of Accounting Research, 22(1): 679-702. Simon, D., & Francis, J. (1988). The Effects of Auditor Changes on Audit Fees : Test of Price-Cutting and Price Recovery. The Accounting Review, pp. 255-269. Subramaniam, N., McManus, L. and Zhang, J. (2009). Corporate governance, firm characteristics and risk management committee formation in Australian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 316-39. Soltani, B., (2007). Auditing: An International Approach. Pearson Education Limited, Essex, England. Tazilah, M.D.& Abdul Rahman, R. (2014). Risk management & Corporate Governance Characteristics in the Malaysian Islamic Financial Institution. Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol.5, 116-127. Vera, A. & Martin, A. (2011). Gender and Management on Spanish SMEs: An Empirical Analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(14), 2853- 2873. Wallace, W. and Kreutzfeldt, R. (1991).Distinctive characteristics of entities with and internal audit department and the association of the quality of such departments with errors. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 485-512. Woo, E.S., & Koh, H.(2001). Factors Associated with Auditor Change: Singapore Study. Accounting and Business Research, 31(2), 133-144. Yatim,P.,Kent, P.& Clarkson, P. (2006). Governance Structures, Ethnicity and Audit Fees of Malaysia Listed Firms. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(7), pp.757-782. Yatim, P. (2009). Audit committee characteristics and risk management of Malaysian listed firms. Malaysian Accounting Review, 8(1), 19-36. Yatim, P. (2010), “Board structure and the establishment of a risk management committee by Malaysian listed firms”, Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 14, pp. 17-36. Zaman, M. (2001). Turnbull-generating undue expectations of corporate governance, role of audit committee. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(1), 5-9. Zaman, M., Hudaib, M. & Haniffa, R. (2011), Corporate Governance Quality, Audit Fees and Non-Audit Services Fees. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 38: 165–197. Zainal Abidin, Z., Mustaffa Kamal, N., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Board Structure & Corporate Performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics & Finance, 1(1), 150-164. Zulkifli, A., & Abdul Samad, F. (2007). Corporate governance and performance of banking firms: Evidence from Asian emerging markets. In M. Hirschey, K. John, & A. K. Makhija (Eds.), Issues in Corporate Governance and Finance (Advances in Financial Economics, Vol. 12, pp. 49-74). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.