Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers

Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers

In spite of the significant advancement in methods and tools associated with pain management, there is still a deficiency in the pain management practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically determine the level of pain management practices, evaluate the significant predictors of pain...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2016
Subjects:
RA410.55 Hospital Care.
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/1/s95434_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/2/s95434_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
malaysian 1
theses 1
id my-uum-etd.6289
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Abdullah, Nor Azimah Chew
topic RA410.55 Hospital Care.
spellingShingle RA410.55 Hospital Care.
Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem
Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
description In spite of the significant advancement in methods and tools associated with pain management, there is still a deficiency in the pain management practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically determine the level of pain management practices, evaluate the significant predictors of pain management practices (i.e. knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy), examine the moderating effect of patient barriers on the relationship between the predictors and the pain management practices, and to investigate the applicability of Field theory in explaining the pain management practices in Jordan. Six latent variables were involved including five exogenous and one endogenous variables and a cross-sectional survey was used in conducting the study. The instrument is consisted of 93 items adapted from the previous studies. The questionnaires were distributed to 600 nurses in 13 hospitals located in the central region of Jordan. The nurses were selected at random using a multistage cluster technique. Of 600, only 307 questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. Data collection was carried out for the period of six months from October 2014 until March 2015. Data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings support the majority of the hypothesized relationships, specifically the hypothesized direct effects of attitude, self-efficacy, knowledge, and subjective norms on the pain management practices. In addition, patient-related barriers moderate one of these relationships. That is, the relationship between attitudes towards the pain management and the pain management practices is weaker for nurses who perceived high barriers from their patients as opposed to nurses who perceived low patient-related barriers. Collectively, the determinant variables of pain management practices accounted for 78% of the variance in the pain management practices. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem
author_facet Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem
author_sort Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem
title Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
title_short Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
title_full Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
title_fullStr Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers
title_sort determinants of nurses' pain management practices in jordan: the moderating role of patient's barriers
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department School of Business Management
publishDate 2016
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/1/s95434_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/2/s95434_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828052468957184
spelling my-uum-etd.62892021-04-05T01:50:28Z Determinants of nurses' pain management practices in Jordan: The moderating role of patient's barriers 2016 Al-Zghoul, Bashar Isam Saleem Abdullah, Nor Azimah Chew School of Business Management School of Business Management RA410.55 Hospital Care. In spite of the significant advancement in methods and tools associated with pain management, there is still a deficiency in the pain management practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically determine the level of pain management practices, evaluate the significant predictors of pain management practices (i.e. knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy), examine the moderating effect of patient barriers on the relationship between the predictors and the pain management practices, and to investigate the applicability of Field theory in explaining the pain management practices in Jordan. Six latent variables were involved including five exogenous and one endogenous variables and a cross-sectional survey was used in conducting the study. The instrument is consisted of 93 items adapted from the previous studies. The questionnaires were distributed to 600 nurses in 13 hospitals located in the central region of Jordan. The nurses were selected at random using a multistage cluster technique. Of 600, only 307 questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. Data collection was carried out for the period of six months from October 2014 until March 2015. Data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings support the majority of the hypothesized relationships, specifically the hypothesized direct effects of attitude, self-efficacy, knowledge, and subjective norms on the pain management practices. In addition, patient-related barriers moderate one of these relationships. That is, the relationship between attitudes towards the pain management and the pain management practices is weaker for nurses who perceived high barriers from their patients as opposed to nurses who perceived low patient-related barriers. Collectively, the determinant variables of pain management practices accounted for 78% of the variance in the pain management practices. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed. 2016 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/1/s95434_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/6289/2/s95434_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdalrahim, M. S., Majali, S. A., & Bergbom, I. (2008). Documentation of postoperative pain by nurses in surgical wards. Acute Pain, 10(2), 73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acpain.2008.04.001 Abdalrahim, M. S., Majali, S. A., Stomberg, M. W., & Bergbom, I. (2011). The effect of postoperative pain management program on improving nurses‘ knowledge and attitudes toward pain. Nurse Education in Practice, 11(4), 250-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2010.11.016 Abrahamson, K., Arling, P., & Gillette, J. (2012). Does self-efficacy influence the application of evidence-based practice: A survey and structural equation model. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(5), p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v3n5p1 Abushaikha, L. A. (2007). Methods of coping with labor pain used by Jordanian women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 18(1), 35-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659606294194 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (1992). A cute pain management: operative or medical procedures and trauma. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52153/ Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (2002). Management of cancer symptoms: Pain, depression, and fatigue. AHRQ Publication No. 02-E032. Retrieved from http://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/ pub/evidence/pdf/cansymp/cansymp.pdf Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, O. I., Olapade-Olaopa, E. O., & Soyannwo, O. A. (2006). Preoperative analgesia in emergency surgical care in Ibadan. Tropical Doctor, 36(1), 35-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947506775598789 Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t Ajzen, I. (June 6, 2016). Icek Ajzen, Professor of Psychology, University of Massachusetts. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/faqtxt.html Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Akuma, A. O., & Jordan, S. (2012). Pain management in neonates: a survey of nurses and doctors. Journal of advanced nursing, 68(6), 1288-1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05837.x Al Qadire, M., & Al Khalaileh, M. (2012). Jordanian nurses knowledge and attitude regarding pain management. Pain Management Nursing. 15(1), 220-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.08.006 American Medical Directors Association. (2012). Pain management in the long term care setting. American Medical Directors Association (AMDA). Retrieved from https://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=45524 Al Samaraee, A., Rhind, G., Saleh, U., & Bhattacharya, V. (2010). Factors contributing to poor post-operative abdominal pain management in adult patients: A review. The Surgeon, 8(3), 151-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2009.10.039 Al-Atiyyat, N. M. H. (2008). Patient-related barriers to effective cancer pain management. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 10(4), 198-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.njh. 0000319161.97477.b0 Alcenius, M. (2004). Successfully meet pain assessment standards. Nursing Management, 35(3), 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-200403000-00005 Al‐Hassan, M. A., & Omran, S. M. (2005). The effects of health beliefs on health careseeking decisions of Jordanian patients with myocardial infarction symptoms. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 11(1), 13-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172x.2005.00497.x Al-Hassan, M., & Hweidi, I. (2004). The perceived needs of Jordanian families of hospitalized, critically ill patients. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10(2), 64-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172x.2003.00460.x Al-Hassan, M., Alkhalil, M. S., & Al Ma'Aitah, R. (1999). Jordanian nurses' roles in the management of postoperative pain in the postanesthesia care unit. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 14(6), 384-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-9472(99) 80101-4 Ali, H. S., Ibrahim, Y., & Mohamed, E. (2013). Non-Pharmacological Pain Management: Nurses‘ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in selected Hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarramah. Life Science Journal, 2, 10. Retrieved from http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/ life1002/184_18276life1002_1327_1335.pdf Al-Khawaldeh, O. A., Al-Hussami, M., & Darawad, M. (2013). Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management among Jordanian nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 33(4), 339-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.01.006 Alley, L. G. (2001). The influence of an organizational pain management policy on nurses' pain management practices. Oncology Nursing Forum, 28(5), 867-874. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/11421146 Al-Ma'aitah, R. M., & Gharaibeh, M. M. (2000). Perception of Jordanian male nursing students about caring for children in the pediatric units after graduation. Journal of pediatric nursing, 15(3), 198-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-5963(00) 70012-1 Al-Makhamreh, S. (2005). Social work as an emerging profession in the Middle East : An ethnographic case study of Jordanian hospital social work (PhD dissertation). University of Warwick, Coventry. Alrai Newspaper (2012, March). .الخصاووة يؤكذ اهتمام الأردن بتحسيه الرعاية الصحية للمواطىيه Alrai Newspaper. Amman, Alrai. Retrieved from http://www.alrai.com/article/498978.html Al-Shaer, D., Hill, P. D., & Anderson, M. A. (2011). Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and intervention. Medsurg Nursing, 20(1), 7-11. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21446289 Andersson, E. P. (1993). The perspective of student nurses and their perceptions of professional nursing during the nurse training programme. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18(5), 808-815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993. 18050808.x Apfelbaum, J. L., Chen, C., Mehta, S. S., & Gan, T. J. (2003). Postoperative pain experience: Results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 97(2), 534-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000068822. 10113.9e Arathuzik, D. (1991). Pain experience for metastatic breast cancer patients: Unraveling the mystery. Cancer Nursing, 14(1), 41-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199102000-00007 Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939 Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research 14(3), 396-402. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=marketing_papers Aziato, L., & Adejumo, O. (2014). Determinants of nurses' knowledge gap on pain management in Ghana. Nurse education in practice, 14(2), 195-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2013.08.004 Bagley, C. S., Falinski, E., Garnizo, N., & Hooker, L. (1982). Pain management: A pilot project. Cancer Nursing, 5(3), 191-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-198206000- 00003 Baker, M., Collett, B., & Fischer, A. (2014). Improving the current and future management of chronic pain: A European Consensus Report. Retrieved from http://www.efic.org/userfiles/file/pain_proposal. pdf Bandolier. (2007). The Oxford Pain Internet Site. Retrieved from http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/booth/ painpag/index2.html Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.84.2.191 Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory (pp. 5-107). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1999). A social cognitive theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Ed.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed., pp. 154-196). New York: Guilford Publications. (Reprinted in D. Cervone & Y. Shoda [Eds.], The coherence of personality. New York: Guilford Press.) Baratta, J. L., Schwenk, E. S., & Viscusi, E. R. (2014). Clinical consequences of inadequate pain relief: barriers to optimal pain management. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 134(4S-2), 15S-21S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000681 Barnett, V., & Lewis, T. (1994). Outliers in statistical data. New York: Wiley. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43-50. Retrieved from http://www.opalco.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/10/ Reading-Sample-Size.pdf Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863 Basak, S. (2010). Knowledge and attitudes of nurses and their practices regarding postoperative pain management in Bangladesh (Master dissertation, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand). Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/bitstream/2010/ 7827/1/320221.pdf Batiha, A. M. (2014). Pain management barriers in critical care units: A qualitative study. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 3(1), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v3i1.1494 Beduz, M. A. (2012). The role of attitudes, subjective norms, percieved behavioural control and context in nurses's behavioural intentions (PhD dissertation, McMaster University, Canada). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8026&context=ope ndissertations Bell, L., & Duffy, A. (2009). Pain assessment and management in surgical nursing: A literature review. British Journal of Nursing, 18(3), 153-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.3.39042 Bernardi, M., Catania, G., Lambert, A., Tridello, G., & Luzzani, M. (2007). Knowledge and attitudes about cancer pain management: A national survey of Italian oncology nurses. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 11(3), 272-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2006.09.003 Berry, P. H., & Dahl, J. L. (2000). The new JCAHO pain standards: Implications for pain management nurses. Pain Management Nursing, 1(1), 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jpmn.2000.5833 Berthier, F., Potel, G., Leconte, P., Touze, M. D., & Baron, D. (1998). Comparative study of methods of measuring acute pain intensity in an ED. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(2), 132-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735- 6757(98)90029-8 188 Bisbee, G.E., Clark, P.A., Jones, S.I., Wang, E., Watts, C.M. (2011) Profiling Best Practices: Chronic Pain Management in the Leading Health Systems. Health Management Academy Benchmarking Series, 1–45. Retrieved from http://www.hmacademy.com/pdfs/Chronic_Pain_Management.pdf Blumberg, B., Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business research methods (2nd ed.). London: McGraw-Hill. Bogdanovich, V. (2013). Self-determination motivation and perceived barriers in the vegetable eating context (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada). Retrieved fromhttp://dspace.lib.uoguelph.ca:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/7385/Bogdan ovich_Vera_201308_Msc.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Bookbinder, M., Covle, N., Kiss, M., Goldstein, M. L., Holritz, K., Thaler, H., ... & Portenoy, R. K. (1996). Implementing national standards for cancer pain management: Program model and evaluation. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 12(6), 334-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(96)00204-7 Borenstein, M., Rothstein, H., & Cohen, J. (2001). Power and precision. Englewood, NJ: Biostat, Inc. Borgatti, P. (1999). Elements of research: Theoretical framework. Retrieved from http://www.analytictech.comlmb313/elements.htm 189 Borromeo, A. R., & Windle, P. E. (1996). Benchmarking for unrelieved pain in a postanesthesia care unit. Best Practices and Benchmarking in Healthcare: A Practical Journal for Clinical and Management Application, 2(1), 20-23. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9214861 Boström, B. (2003). Acute postoperative and cancer-related pain management: Patients experiences and perceptions in relation to health-related quality of life and the multidimensionality of pain (Doctoral dissertation, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden). Retrieved from https://www.divaportal. org/smash/get/diva2:239124/FULLTEXT01.pdf Bostrom, M. (1997). Summary of the mayday fund survey: Public attitudes about pain and analgesics. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 13(3), 166-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(96)00273-4 Bower, G. H. (1975). Cognitive psychology: An introduction. In W. K. Estes (Ed.), Handbook of learning and cognition (pp. 25-80). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Brennan, F., Carr, D. B., & Cousins, M. (2007). Pain management: A fundamental human right. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 105(1), 205-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000268145.52345.55 Briggs, M., & Dean, K. L. (1998). A qualitative analysis of the nursing documentation of post‐operative pain management. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 7(2), 155-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.1998.00125.x Brink, H., Van der Walt, C. & Van Rensburg, G. (2006). Fundamentals of Research Methodology for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Cape Town: Juta. 190 Brink, P. J., & Wood, M. J. (1997). Advanced design in nursing research. Sage Publications. Brockopp, D., Downey, E., Powers, P., Vanderveer, B., Warden, S., Ryan, P., & Saleh, U. (2004). Nurses‘ clinical decision-making regarding the management of pain. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 12(4), 224-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaen.2004.01.008 Broekmans, S., Vanderschueren, S., Morlion, B., Kumar, A., & Evers, G. (2004). Nurses‘ attitudes toward pain treatment with opioids: A survey in a Belgian university hospital. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(2), 183-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7489(03)00129-9 Broome, M. E., Richtsmeier, A., Maikler, V., & Alexander, M. A. (1996). Pediatric pain practices: A national survey of health professionals. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 11(5), 312-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(95)00205-7 Brorson, H., Plymoth, H., Örmon, K., & Bolmsjö, I. (2014). Pain relief at the end of life: nurses‘ experiences regarding end-of-life pain relief in patients with dementia. Pain Management Nursing, 15(1), 315-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.10.005 Brown, D., & McCormack, B. (2006). Determining factors that have an impact upon effective evidence‐based pain management with older people, following colorectal surgery: An ethnographic study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(10), 1287-1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01553.x 191 Brown, R. L. (1994). Efficacy of the indirect approach for estimating structural equation models with missing data: A comparison of five methods. Structural Equation Modeling, 1(4), 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519409539983 Brown, S. T., Bowman, J. M., & Eason, F. R. (1999). Assessment of nurses' attitudes and knowledge regarding pain management. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 30(3), 132-139. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10640072 Brunier, G., Carson, G., & Harrison, D. E. (1995). What do nurses know and believe about patients with pain? Results of a hospital survey. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 10(6), 436-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(95)00020-y Bucknall, T., Manias, E., & Botti, M. (2007). Nurses' reassessment of postoperative pain after analgesic administration. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 23(1), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ajp.0000210936.50816.49 Buscemi, N., Vandermeer, B., & Curtis, S. (2008). The Cochrane Library and procedural pain in children: An overview of reviews. Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 3(2), 260-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ebch.225 Byrne, A., Morton, J., & Salmon, P. (2001). Defending against patients' pain: A qualitative analysis of nurses' responses to children's postoperative pain. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50(2), 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022- 3999(00)00207-5 Cadden, K. A. (2007). Better pain management. Nursing Management, 38(8), 31-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000286189.98808.24 192 Cason, C. L., Jones, T., Brock, J., Maese, P., & Milligan, C. (1999). Nurses' knowledge of pain management: Implications for staff education. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 15(6), 228-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124645- 199911000-00001 Cavana, R., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekeran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods. John Wiley & Sons Australia. Chatterjee, S., & Yilmaz, M. (1992). A Review of regression diagnostics for behavioral research. Applied Psychological Measurement, 16(3), 209-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662169201600301 Chen, W. L. (2005). Nurses' and parents' attitudes toward pain management and parental participation in postoperative care of children (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia). Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16127/1/Wen-Lin_Chen_Thesis.pdf Cherasse, A., Muller, G., Ornetti, P., Piroth, C., Tavernier, C., & Maillefert, J. F. (2004). Tolerability of opioids in patients with acute pain due to nonmalignant musculoskeletal disease. A hospital-based observational study. Joint Bone Spine, 71(6), 572-576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2003.10.014 Chiang, L. C., Chen, H. J., & Huang, L. (2006). Student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of children's pain management: Evaluation of an education program in Taiwan. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 32(1), 82-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.01.011 193 Chin, W. (2010). How to write up and peport PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 655- 690): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates. Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018 Chin, W.W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22, 1, 7-16. Retrieved from http://hbanaszak.mjr.uw.edu.pl/TempTxt/Chin_1998_Issues%20and%20Opinion%2 0on%20Structural%20Equation%20Modeling.pdf Chiu, L. H., Trinca, J., Lim, L. M., & Tuazon, J. A. (2003). A study to evaluate the pain knowledge of two sub‐populations of final year nursing students: Australia and Philippines. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(1), 99-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02511.x Choiniere, M., Melzack, R., Girard, N., Rondeau, J., & Paquin, M. J. (1990). Comparisons between patients' and nurses' assessment of pain and medication efficacy in severe burn injuries. Pain, 40(2), 143-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(90)90065-l 194 Clarke, E. B., French, B., Bilodeau, M. L., Capasso, V. C., Edwards, A., & Empoliti, J. (1996). Pain management knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice: The impact of nurses' characteristics and education. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 11(1), 18-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(95)00134-4 Cleeland, C. S. (1984). The impact of pain on the patient with cancer. Cancer, 54(S2), 2635-2641.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19841201)54:2+<2635::aidcncr2820541407> 3.0.co;2-p Cleeland, C. S. (1987). Barriers to the management of cancer pain. Oncology (Williston Park, NY), 1(2 Suppl), 19-26. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2484445 Cleeland, C. S., Gonin, R., Hatfield, A. K., Edmonson, J. H., Blum, R. H., Stewart, J. A., & Pandya, K. J. (1994). Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(9), 592-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199403033300902 Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) (1999). Services for patients with pain. London Clinical Standards Advisory Group. Retrieved from http://www.nationalpainaudit.org/media/files/servicesforpatientswithpain.pdf Closs, S. J. (1996). Pain and elderly patients: A survey of nurses‘ knowledge and experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23(2), 237-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02662.x 195 Coakes, S. J. & Steed, L. G. (2003). SPSS: analysis without anguish: version 11.0 for Windows. Brisbane: Jacaranda Wiley. Cohen, F. L. (1980). Postsurgical pain relief: Patients' status and nurses' medication choices. Pain, 9(2), 265-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(80)90013-5 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Cohen, M. Z., Easley, M. K., Ellis, C., Hughes, B., Ownby, K., Rashad, B. G., ... & Westbrooks, J. B. (2003). Cancer pain management and the JCAHO's pain standards: An institutional challenge. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(6), 519-527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(03)00068-x Collier, S., Philips, D., Camp, V., & Kirk, A. (1995). The influence of attitudes to acupuncture on the outcome of treatment. Acupuncture in Medicine, 13(2), 74-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.13.2.74 Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business research methods (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Ins. Cornally, N., & McCarthy, G. (2011). Help-seeking behaviour for the treatment of chronic pain. British journal of community nursing, 16(2). 90-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2011.16.2.90 Coulling, S. (2005). Nurses‘ and doctors‘ knowledge of pain after surgery. Nursing Standard, 19(34), 41-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2005.05.19.34.41.c3859 196 Cullen, L., Greiner, J., & Titler, M. G. (2001). Pain management in the culture of critical care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 13(2), 151-166. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11866399 Daibes, M. (2011). ‖A pain that ruins mountains": A case study of factors influencing postoperative pain management in two Jordanian hospitals (Doctoral dissertation, University of Warwick, Coventry, England). Retrieved from http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47360/ Dar, R., Beach, C. M., Barden, P. L., & Cleeland, C. S. (1992). Cancer pain in the marital system: A study of patients and their spouses. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 7(2), 87-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(92)90119-3 Darawad, M. W., Al-Hussami, M., Saleh, A. M., & Al-Sutari, M. (2014). Jordanian patients' satisfaction with pain management. Pain Management Nursing, 15(1), 116- 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.07.005 Desai, P. M. (1999). Pain management and pulmonary dysfunction. Critical Care Clinics, 15(1), 151-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70045-2 Dhimal, M., Aryal, K. K., Dhimal, M. L., Gautam, I., Singh, S. P., Bhusal, C. L., & Kuch, U. (2014). Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever among the healthy population of highland and lowland communities in central Nepal. PloS one, 9(7), e102028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102028 197 Diekmann, J. M., Engber, D., & Wassem, R. (1989). Cancer pain control: One state's experience. Oncology Nursing Forum, 16(2), 219–223. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564672 Draugalis, J. R., & Plaza, C. M. (2009). Best practices for survey research reports revisited: implications of target population, probability sampling, and response rate. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 73(8), 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/aj7308142 Du Pen, S. L., Du Pen, A. R., Polissar, N., Hansberry, J., Kraybill, B. M., Stillman, M., ... & Syrjala, K. (1999). Implementing guidelines for cancer pain management: Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17(1), 361-370. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10458255 Duarte, P., & Raposo, M. (2010). A PLS model to study brand preference: An application to the mobile phone market. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 449-485): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Dunwoody, C. J., Krenzischek, D. A., Pasero, C., Rathmell, J. P., & Polomano, R. C. (2008). Assessment, physiological monitoring, and consequences of inadequately treated acute pain. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 23(1), S15-S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2007.11.007 198 Edwards, H. E., Nash, R. E., Najman, J. M., Yates, P. M., Fentiman, B. J., Dewar, A., ... & Skerman, H. M. (2001). Determinants of nurses' intention to administer opioids for pain relief. Nursing & Health Sciences, 3(3), 149-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2018.2001.00080.x Ely, B. (2001). Pediatric nurses' pain management practice: Barriers to change. Pediatric Nursing, 27(5), 473-480. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12025311 Ene, K. W., Nordberg, G., Bergh, I., Johansson, F. G., & Sjöström, B. (2008). Postoperative pain management: The influence of surgical ward nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(15), 2042-2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2702.2008.02278.x Erniyati, M. (2002). Nurses’ caring behavior in pain management as perceived by nurses and patients with post-operative pain. (Master thesis). Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Ersek, M., Irving, G. (2007). Pain, In: Lewis, S., Heitkemper, M., Dirksen, S., O Brien, P., Bucher, L. (Eds.), Medical-surgical nursing—assessment and management of clinical problems (7th ed., pp. 125–150). Mosby. Fairbrother, G., Jastrzab, G., Kerr, S., & McInerney, M. (2003). Profiling the 'pain aware' nurse: Acute care nurses' attitudes and knowledge concerning adult pain management. The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(2), 27-32. Retrieved from http://www.ajan.com.au/Vol21/Vol21.2-4.pdf 199 Fakhoury, R. (2013, May 15). Number of Syrians in Jordan. Alrai Newspaper, Retrieved from http://www.alrai.com/article/585191.html Farokhzadian, J., & Shahrbabaki, P. M. (2014). Survey of Women's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Common Genital Tract Infection. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 381-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.344 Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146 Ferrell, B. (2005). Ethical perspectives on pain and suffering. Pain Management Nursing, 6(3), 83-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2005.06.001 Ferrell, B. R., Cohen, M. Z., Rhiner, M., & Rozek, A. (1991). Pain as a metaphor for illness. Part II: Family caregivers' management of pain. Oncology Nursing Forum, 18(8), 1315–1321. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1762972 Ferrell, B. R., McGuire, D. B., & Donovan, M. I. (1993). Knowledge and beliefs regarding pain in a sample of nursing faculty. Journal of Professional Nursing, 9(2), 79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8755-7223(93)90023-6 Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., & Grant, M. (1999). Analysis of symptom assessment and management content in nursing textbooks. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 2(2), 161-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.1999.2.161 200 Ferrell, BR. (2000). Family Pain Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://prc.coh.org/pdf/FPQTOOL.pdf Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications. Field, L. (1996). Are nurses still underestimating patients' pain postoperatively?. British Journal of Nursing, 5(13), 778-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1996.5.13.778 Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Fitzcharles, M. A., DaCosta, D., Ware, M. A., & Shir, Y. (2009). Patient barriers to pain management may contribute to poor pain control in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Pain, 10(3), 300-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.09.012 Fitzpatrick, J. M., While, A. E., & Roberts, J. D. (1996). Key influences on the professional socialisation and practice of students undertaking different preregistration nurse education programmes in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 33(5), 506-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020- 7489(96)00003-x Foley, K. M. (2002). Changing concepts of tolerance to opioids: What the cancer patient has taught us. New York: New York. Retrieved from http://www.painresearch.utah.edu/cancerpain/ch20.html Fornell, C., & Bookstein, F. L. (1982). Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 19(4), 440-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151718 201 Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151312 Fothergill‐Bourbonnais, F., & Wilson‐Barnett, J. (1992). A comparative study of intensive therapy unit and hospice nurses' knowledge on pain management. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17(3), 362-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2648.1992.tb01915.x Francis, G. M., & Munjas, B. (1975). Promoting psychological comfort. WC Brown. Francis, J. J., Eccles, M. P., Johnston, M., Walker, A., Grimshaw, J., Foy, R., ... & Bonetti, D. (2004). Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour. A Manual for Health Services Researchers, 2010, 2-12. Retrieved from http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1735/1/TPB%20Manual%20FINAL%20May2004.pdf Francke, A. L., Lemmens, A. B., Huijer Abu-Saad, H., & Grypdonck, M. (1997). Nurses' perceptions of factors influencing the use of a pain program. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 14(5), 300-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885- 3924(97)00240-6 Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research: Competences for analysis and application (3rd ed.). New York : Macmillam. Gay, L. R., & Diehl, P. L. (1992). Research methods for business and management. New York: Macmillan. 202 Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.1.101 Gelinas, C. (2007). Management of pain in cardiac surgery ICU patients: Have we improved over time?. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 23(5), 298-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2007.03.002 Gimbler-Berglund, I., Ljusegren, G., & Enskär, K. (2008). Factors influencing pain management in children. Paediatric Care, 20(10), 21-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed2008.12.20.10.21.c6901 Glajchen, M. (2001). Chronic pain: Treatment barriers and strategies for clinical practice. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 14(3), 211-218. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11355054 Glajchen, M., & Bookbinder, M. (2001). Knowledge and perceived competence of home care nurses in pain management: A national survey. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 21(4), 307-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00247-0 Gloth, F. M. (2001). Pain management in older adults: Prevention and treatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49(2), 188-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49041.x Godin, G., Bélanger-Gravel, A., Eccles, M., & Grimshaw, J. (2008). Healthcare professionals' intentions and behaviours: A systematic review of studies based on social cognitive theories. Implement Sci, 3(36), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-3-36 203 Goodrich, C. (2006). Students' and faculty members' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management: A descriptive survey. The Journal of Nursing Education, 45(3), 140-142. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16562805 Government of Western Australia Department of Health. (2013). Pain Management Teams. Retrieved from http://painhealth.csse.uwa.edu.au/resources/painHEALTHusing- a-pain-team.pdf Graffam, S. (1981). Congruence of nurse-patient expectations regarding nursing intervention in pain. Nursing Leadership, 4(2), 12-15. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6909611 Greenwood, J., Sullivan, J., Spence, K., & McDonald, M. (2000). Nursing scripts and the organizational influences on critical thinking: Report of a study of neonatal nurses‘ clinical reasoning. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(5), 1106-1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01378.x Greer, S. M., Dalton, J. A., Carlson, J., & Youngblood, R. (2001). Surgical patients' fear of addiction to pain medication: The effect of an educational program for clinicians. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(2), 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200106000-00008 Gregory, J. (2011). An exploration of factors impacting on changing pain assessment practice on a medical unit (Doctoral dissertation, Manchester Metropolitan University, North West England). Retrieved from https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/496563/Gregory_J_complete_th esis_.pdf 204 Griffiths, R. J., & Justins, D. M. (2006). Perioperative management of pain. Surgery (Oxford), 24(10), 325-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.mpsur.2006.08.006 Grossman, S. A., Sheidler, V. R., Swedeen, K., Mucenski, J., & Piantadosi, S. (1991). Correlation of patient and caregiver ratings of cancer pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 6(2), 53-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(91)90518- 9 Gunnarsdottir, S., Donovan, H. S., Serlin, R. C., Voge, C., & Ward, S. (2002). Patientrelated barriers to pain management: The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQII). Pain, 99(3), 385-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00243-9 Gunningberg, L., & Idvall, E. (2007). The quality of postoperative pain management from the perspectives of patients, nurses and patient records. Journal of Nursing Management, 15(7), 756-766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00753.x Gureje, O., Von Korff, M., Simon, G. E., & Gater, R. (1998). Persistent pain and wellbeing: A World Health Organization study in primary care. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(2), 147-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.2.147 Gustafsson, A., & Johnson, M. D. (2004). Determining attribute importance in a service satisfaction model. Journal of Service Research, 7(2), 124-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670504268453 Guyton, A. C. (1991). Textbook of medical physiology (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 205 Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Andersen, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2007). Research method for business. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679190202 Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001 Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6 Haljamäe, H., & Warrén Stomberg, M. (2003). Postoperative pain management— clinical practice is still not optimal. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care, 14(5-6), 207-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cacc.2003.09.005 206 Hamilton, J., & Edgar, L. (1992). A survey examining nurses' knowledge of pain control. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 7(1), 18-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-3924(92)90103-o Hamilton, P. M. (1996). Realities of contemporary nursing (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Han, J. Y., Park, H. S., & Jin, M. J. (2016). Nurses' Knowledge and Performance of Pain Management at a General hospital. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 23(1), 6-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2016.23.1.6 Harrison, A. (1991). Assessing patients‘ pain: Identifying reasons for error. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(9), 1018-1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2648.1991.tb03361.x Hawthorn, J., & Redmond, K. (1999). Pain: causes and management. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 6(5), 409-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.1999.00227-8.x Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing (AIM), 20, 277-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1474-7979(2009)0000020014 Herr, K., & Titler, M. (2009). Acute pain assessment and pharmacological management practices for the older adult with a hip fracture: Review of ED trends. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35(4), 312-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2008.08.006 207 Hodges, S. C., Mijumbi, C., Okello, M., McCormick, B. A., Walker, I. A., & Wilson, I. H. (2007). Anaesthesia services in developing countries: Defining the problems. Anaesthesia, 62(1), 4-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2044.2006.04907.x Holley, S., McMillan, S. C., Hagan, S. J., Palacios, P., & Rosenberg, D. (2005). Pain resource nurses: Believing the patients, believing in themselves. Oncology Nursing Forum, 32(4), 843–848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/05.onf.843-848 Horbury C, Henderson A, Bromley B (2005) Influences of patient behaviour on clinical nurses pain assessment: Implications for continuing education. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. 36 (1) 18-24. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15715204 Hossain, M. S. (2010). Nurses‘ knowledge and attitudes, and pain management practice of post-operative children in Bangladesh (Master dissertation, Prince of Songkla University, Southern Thailand). Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/bitstream/2010/7826/1/325999.pdf Hsieh LF, Lin CC, Lai YH & Tsou TS. (1998).The relationship of the caregiver‘s concerns about using analgesics to the patient‘s cancer pain management. The Journal of Nursing Research, 6(4), 327–336. http://140.112.114.62/handle/246246/199756#.VmtBp9J97IU Huang, N., Cunningham, F., Laurito, C. E., & Chen, C. (2001). Can we do better with postoperative pain management?. The American Journal of Surgery, 182(5), 440- 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(01)00766-8 208 Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::aid-smj13>3.0.co;2-7 Hutchison, R. W. (2007). Challenges in acute post-operative pain management. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 64(6 Supplement 4), S2-S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp060679 Huy Tuu, H., Ottar Olsen, S., & Thi Thuy Linh, P. (2011). The moderator effects of perceived risk, objective knowledge and certainty in the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(5), 363-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761111150017 Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2002). Medical-surgical nursing: Critical thinking for collaborative care (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. Imarengiaye, C. O., & Ande, A. B. A. (2006). Demand and utilisation of labour analgesia service by Nigerian women. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 26(2), 130-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610500443402 International Association for the Study of Pain. (2010a). IASP Declaration of Montréal. Retrieved from http://www.iasppain. org/DeclarationofMontreal?navItemNumber=582 International Association for the Study of Pain. (2010b). Jordan Initiative for Pain Management. Retrieved from http://www.iasppain. org/files/Content/NavigationMenu/Advocacy/InternationalPainSummit/Jordan Report.pdf 209 International Association for the Study of Pain. (2012). IASP pain Taxonomy. Retrieved from http://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain Jackson, E. B. (2011). Evaluating knowledge and attitudes of graduate nursing students regarding pain (Master dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA). Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4360&context=etd Jacob, E. (2007). Pain assessment and management in children. In M. J. Hockenberry, & D. Wilson (Eds.), Wong’s nursing care of infants and children (pp. 205- 256). Canada: Mosby Elsevier. Jacob, E., & Puntillo, K. A. (1999). Pain in hospitalized children: Pediatric nurses' beliefs and practices. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 14(6), 379-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-5963(99)80067-0 Jacobsen, R., Liubarskienë, Z., Moldrup, C., Christrup, L., Sjogren, P., & Samsanaviciene, J. (2009). Barriers to cancer pain management: A review of empirical research. Medicina (Kaunas), 45(6), 427-433. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19605961 Jacox, A, Carr, D., Payne, R., Berde, C., Brietbart, C, Cain, J., et al. (1994). Management of cancer pain. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 9 [AHCPR Publication No. 940592]. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/managementofcanc00usde 210 Jalalian, M., Latiff, L., Hassan, S. T. S., Hanachi, P., & Othman, M. (2010).Development of a questionnaire for assessing factors predicting blood donation among university students: A pilot study. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41(3), 660-666. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578556 JMoH. (2005). National health strategy 2006-2010. Amman: Jordan. Retrieved from http://www.mindbank.info/item/1358 JMoH. (2012). Periodic-Newsletters. Retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.jo/EN/Pages/Periodic-Newsletters.aspx JMoH. (2014). Periodic-Newsletters. Retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.jo/EN/Pages/Periodic-Newsletters.aspx Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO). (1999). Standards for pain assessment and treatment. Comprehensive accreditations manual for ambulatory care, behavioral health care, health care networks, home care, hospitals, and long-term care. Oakbrook, IL. JCAHO. Jones, W. L., Rimer, B. K., Levy, M. H., & Kinman, J. L. (1984). Cancer patients' knowledge, beliefs, and behavior regarding pain control regimens: Implications for education programs. Patient Education and Counseling, 5(4), 159-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-3991(84)90175-7 Jurgens, D. W. (1996). Nurses' intentions to administer morphine for postoperative pain: An application of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada). Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ ftp04/nq24026.pdf

Similar Items