QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics

Optical communication systems play a major role in handling worldwide Internet traffic. Internet traffic has been increasing at a dramatic rate and the current optical network infrastructure may not be able to support the traffic growth in a few decades. Mode division multiplexing is introduced as a...

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Main Author:	Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TK5101-6720 Telecommunication T Technology (General)
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/1/s815183_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/2/s815183_02.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.6544
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Mohd Shabli, Ahmad Hanis
topic	TK5101-6720 Telecommunication T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	TK5101-6720 Telecommunication T Technology (General) Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
description	Optical communication systems play a major role in handling worldwide Internet traffic. Internet traffic has been increasing at a dramatic rate and the current optical network infrastructure may not be able to support the traffic growth in a few decades. Mode division multiplexing is introduced as a new emerging technique to improve the optical network capacity by the use of the light modes as individual channels. One of the main issues in MDM is mode coupling which is a physical phenomenon when light modes exchange their energy between each other during propagation through optical fiber resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI). Many studies based on Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) have taken place to mitigate the mode coupling effect. Still, most approaches have high computational complexity and hinders high-speed communication systems. Blind equalisation approach does not need training signals, thus, will reduce the overhead payload. On the other hand, QR factorization shows low computational complexity in the previous research in the radio domain. The combination of these two concepts shows significant results, as the use of low complexity algorithms reduces the processing needed to be done by the communication equipment, resulting in more cost effective and smaller equipment, while having no training signal saves the bandwidth and enhances the overall system performance. To the best knowledge of the researcher, blind equalisation based on QR factorization technique has been not used in MDM equalisation to date. The research goes through the four stages of the design research methodology (DRM) to achieve the purpose of the study. The implementation stage is taken two different simulators has been used, the first one which is the optical simulator is used to collect the initial optical data then, MATLAB is used to develop the equalisation scheme. The development starts with the derivation of the system’s transfer function (H) to be used as the input to the developed equalizer. Blind equalisation based on QR factorization is chosen as a way to introduce an efficient equalization to mitigate ISI by narrowing the pulse width. The development stages include a stage where the channel estimation is taken place. Statistical properties based on the standard deviation (STD) of the powers of the input and output signals has been used for the blind equalisation’s channel estimation part. The proposed channel estimation way has the ability in estimating the channel with an overall mean square error (MSE) of 0.176588301 from the initial transmitted signal. It is found that the worst channel has an MSE of 0.771365 from the transmitted signal, while the best channel has and MSE of 0.000185 from the transmitted signal. This is done by trying to avoid the issues accompanied with the development of the previous algorithms that have been utilized for the same goal. The algorithm mentioned in the study reduces the computational complexity problem which is one of the main issues that accompany currently used tap filter algorithms, such as (LMS) and (RLS). The results from this study show that the developed equalisation scheme has a complexity of O(N) compared with O(N2) for RLS and at the same time, it is faster than LMS as its calculation CPU time is equal to 0.005242 seconds compared with 0.0077814 seconds of LMS. The results are only valid for invertible and square channel matrices.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	masters
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum
author_facet	Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum
author_sort	Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum
title	QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
title_short	QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
title_full	QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
title_fullStr	QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
title_full_unstemmed	QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
title_sort	qr factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2016
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/1/s815183_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/2/s815183_02.pdf
_version_	1747828088304041984
spelling	my-uum-etd.65442021-04-04T07:29:15Z QR factorization equalisation scheme for mode devision multiplexing transmission in fibre optics 2016 Abbas, Sharafal-Deen Abdulkadhum Mohd Shabli, Ahmad Hanis Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences TK5101-6720 Telecommunication T Technology (General) Optical communication systems play a major role in handling worldwide Internet traffic. Internet traffic has been increasing at a dramatic rate and the current optical network infrastructure may not be able to support the traffic growth in a few decades. Mode division multiplexing is introduced as a new emerging technique to improve the optical network capacity by the use of the light modes as individual channels. One of the main issues in MDM is mode coupling which is a physical phenomenon when light modes exchange their energy between each other during propagation through optical fiber resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI). Many studies based on Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) have taken place to mitigate the mode coupling effect. Still, most approaches have high computational complexity and hinders high-speed communication systems. Blind equalisation approach does not need training signals, thus, will reduce the overhead payload. On the other hand, QR factorization shows low computational complexity in the previous research in the radio domain. The combination of these two concepts shows significant results, as the use of low complexity algorithms reduces the processing needed to be done by the communication equipment, resulting in more cost effective and smaller equipment, while having no training signal saves the bandwidth and enhances the overall system performance. To the best knowledge of the researcher, blind equalisation based on QR factorization technique has been not used in MDM equalisation to date. The research goes through the four stages of the design research methodology (DRM) to achieve the purpose of the study. The implementation stage is taken two different simulators has been used, the first one which is the optical simulator is used to collect the initial optical data then, MATLAB is used to develop the equalisation scheme. The development starts with the derivation of the system’s transfer function (H) to be used as the input to the developed equalizer. Blind equalisation based on QR factorization is chosen as a way to introduce an efficient equalization to mitigate ISI by narrowing the pulse width. The development stages include a stage where the channel estimation is taken place. Statistical properties based on the standard deviation (STD) of the powers of the input and output signals has been used for the blind equalisation’s channel estimation part. The proposed channel estimation way has the ability in estimating the channel with an overall mean square error (MSE) of 0.176588301 from the initial transmitted signal. It is found that the worst channel has an MSE of 0.771365 from the transmitted signal, while the best channel has and MSE of 0.000185 from the transmitted signal. This is done by trying to avoid the issues accompanied with the development of the previous algorithms that have been utilized for the same goal. The algorithm mentioned in the study reduces the computational complexity problem which is one of the main issues that accompany currently used tap filter algorithms, such as (LMS) and (RLS). The results from this study show that the developed equalisation scheme has a complexity of O(N) compared with O(N2) for RLS and at the same time, it is faster than LMS as its calculation CPU time is equal to 0.005242 seconds compared with 0.0077814 seconds of LMS. The results are only valid for invertible and square channel matrices. 2016 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/1/s815183_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/6544/2/s815183_02.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia [1] S. Ö. Ar, J. M. Kahn, and K.-p. Ho, "MIMO Signal Processing for Mode- Division Multiplexing," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp. 1-23, 2014. [2] CISCO, "The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis," 2015. [3] N. Bozinovic, Y. Yue, Y. Ren, M. Tur, P. Kristensen, H. 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