Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small sensor devices, which are connected wirelessly for sensing and delivering specific data to Base Station (BS). Routing protocols in WSN becomes an active area for both researchers and industrial, due to its responsibility for delivering data, extending...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TK7885-7895 Computer engineering Computer hardware
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/8/s95861_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/9/s95861_02.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.6691
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Mahmuddin, Massudi Awang Nor, Shahrudin
topic	TK7885-7895 Computer engineering Computer hardware
spellingShingle	TK7885-7895 Computer engineering Computer hardware Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
description	Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small sensor devices, which are connected wirelessly for sensing and delivering specific data to Base Station (BS). Routing protocols in WSN becomes an active area for both researchers and industrial, due to its responsibility for delivering data, extending network lifetime, reducing the delay and saving the node’s energy. According to hierarchical approach, chain base routing protocol is a promising type that can prolong the network lifetime and decrease the energy consumption. However, it is still suffering from long/single chain impacts such as delay, data redundancy, distance between the neighbors, chain head (CH) energy consumption and bottleneck. This research proposes a Deterministic Chain-Based Routing Protocol (DCBRP) for uniform nodes deployment, which consists of Backbone Construction Mechanism (BCM), Chain Heads Selection mechanism (CHS) and Next Hop Connection mechanism (NHC). BCM is responsible for chain construction by using multi chain concept, so it will divide the network to specific number of clusters depending on the number of columns. While, CHS is answerable on the number of chain heads and CH nodes selection based on their ability for data delivery. On the other hand, NHC is responsible for next hop connection in each row based on the energy and distance between the nodes to eliminate the weak nodes to be in the main chain. Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) is used to simulate DCBRP and it is evaluated with the closest routing protocols in the deterministic deployment in WSN, which are Chain-Cluster Mixed protocol (CCM) and Two Stage Chain based Protocol (TSCP). The results show that DCBRP outperforms CCM and TSCP in terms of end to end delay, CH energy consumption, overall energy consumption, network lifetime and energy*delay metrics. DCBRP or one of its mechanisms helps WSN applications by extending the sensor nodes lifetime and saving the energy for sensing purposes as long as possible.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	other
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer
author_facet	Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer
author_sort	Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer
title	Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
title_short	Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
title_full	Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
title_fullStr	Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
title_full_unstemmed	Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
title_sort	energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2017
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/8/s95861_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/9/s95861_02.pdf
_version_	1747828104310554624
spelling	my-uum-etd.66912021-05-10T01:30:34Z Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks 2017 Marhoon, Haydar Abdulameer Mahmuddin, Massudi Awang Nor, Shahrudin Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences TK7885-7895 Computer engineering. Computer hardware Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small sensor devices, which are connected wirelessly for sensing and delivering specific data to Base Station (BS). Routing protocols in WSN becomes an active area for both researchers and industrial, due to its responsibility for delivering data, extending network lifetime, reducing the delay and saving the node’s energy. According to hierarchical approach, chain base routing protocol is a promising type that can prolong the network lifetime and decrease the energy consumption. However, it is still suffering from long/single chain impacts such as delay, data redundancy, distance between the neighbors, chain head (CH) energy consumption and bottleneck. This research proposes a Deterministic Chain-Based Routing Protocol (DCBRP) for uniform nodes deployment, which consists of Backbone Construction Mechanism (BCM), Chain Heads Selection mechanism (CHS) and Next Hop Connection mechanism (NHC). BCM is responsible for chain construction by using multi chain concept, so it will divide the network to specific number of clusters depending on the number of columns. While, CHS is answerable on the number of chain heads and CH nodes selection based on their ability for data delivery. On the other hand, NHC is responsible for next hop connection in each row based on the energy and distance between the nodes to eliminate the weak nodes to be in the main chain. Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) is used to simulate DCBRP and it is evaluated with the closest routing protocols in the deterministic deployment in WSN, which are Chain-Cluster Mixed protocol (CCM) and Two Stage Chain based Protocol (TSCP). The results show that DCBRP outperforms CCM and TSCP in terms of end to end delay, CH energy consumption, overall energy consumption, network lifetime and energydelay metrics. DCBRP or one of its mechanisms helps WSN applications by extending the sensor nodes lifetime and saving the energy for sensing purposes as long as possible. 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/8/s95861_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/6691/9/s95861_02.pdf text eng public other doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia [1] G. Sikander, “A Survey of Cluster-based Routing Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks,” The Smart Computing Review, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 261–275, Aug. 2013. [2] N. Gautam, W.-I. Lee, and J.-Y. Pyun, “Track-Sector Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, pp. 116–121, 2009. [3] M. Hadjila, H. Guyennet, and M. Feham, “A Chain-Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wireless Sensor Network, vol. 05, no. 05, pp. 116–120, 2013. [4] C. Wei, J. Yang, and Y. Gao, “Cluster-based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey,” Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology, pp. 1659–1663, Dec. 2011. [5] Salman, S. Shukla, S. Awasthi, R. S. Singhal, and A. K. Tripathi, “A comparative analysis among routing protocols based on factors affecting the Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), pp. 866–871, Feb. 2014. [6] G. Qiao and J. Zeng, “A Position-Based Chain Cluster Routing Protocol for Strip Wireledd Sensor Network,” Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, vol. 2, no. 159, pp. 189–194, 2011. [7] X. Liu, “A survey on clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 11113–53, Jan. 2012. [8] R. Devika, B. Santhi, and T. Sivasubramanian, “Survey on Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network,” International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 350–356, 2013. [9] J. Zhang, Q. Wu, F. Ren, T. He, and C. Lin, “Effective Data Aggregation Supported by Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1–6, May 2010. [10] W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000, vol. 00, no. c, pp. 1–10. [11] J. Liang, J. Wang, and J. Chen, “A Delay-Constrained and Maximum Lifetime Data Gathering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2009 Fifth International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, pp. 148–155, 2009. [12] L. A. Villas, A. Boukerche, H. S. Ramos, H. A. B. F. de Oliveira, R. B. de Araujo, and A. A. F. Loureiro, “DRINA: A lightweight and reliable routing approach for innetwork aggregation in wireless sensor networks,” Computers, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 676–689, 2013. [13] Q. Mamun, S. Ramakrishnan, and B. Srinivasan, “Multi-chain oriented logical topology for wireless sensor networks,” 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, pp. V2–367–V2–372, 2010. [14] Q. Mamun, “A Qualitative Comparison of Different Logical Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 14887–913, Jan. 2012. [15] N. Nokhanji and Z. Mohd Hanapi, “A Survey on Cluster-Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network.pdf,” Applied Sciences, pp. 2011–2022, 2014. [16] V. B. Rajashree, P. V.C, S. R. Sawant, and M. R. R, “Classification and Comparison of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Ubiquitous Computing Security Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 704–711, 2014. [17] M. Eslaminejad and S. A. Razak, “Fundamental lifetime mechanisms in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey and open issues.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 13508–44, Jan. 2012. [18] H. Kareem, S. J. Hashim, S. Suberamaniam, and A. Sali, “Energy Efficient Two Stage Chain Routing Protocol (TSCP) For Wireless Sensor Networks,” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 442–450, 2014. [19] S. Tyagi and N. Kumar, “A systematic review on clustering and routing techniques based upon LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 53, pp. 39–56, 2013. [20] X. Liu, “Atypical Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks : A Review,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 5372–5383, 2015. [21] H. Kareem, S. J. Hashim, A. Sali, and S. Subramaniam, “A Survey Of State Of The Art: Hierarchical Routing Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks,” Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 769–781, 2014. [22] N. T. Tung, “Energy-aware optimization model in chain-based routing,” Mobile Networks and Applications-Springer, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 249–257, 2014. [23] Y.-K. Chiang, N.-C. Wang, and C.-H. Hsieh, “A cycle-based data aggregation scheme for grid-based wireless sensor networks.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 8447–64, Jan. 2014. [24] A. Rahman, S. Anwar, I. Pramanik, and F. Rahman, “A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network,” in Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2013 15th International Conference on. IEEE, 2013, pp. 200–205. [25] Z. Taghikhaki, N. Meratnia, and P. J. M. Havinga, “A reliable and energy-efficient chain-cluster based routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2013 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, pp. 248–253, Apr. 2013. [26] S. Ganesh and R. Amutha, “Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through SNR Based Dynamic Clustering,” Communications And Networks, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 422–429, 2013. [27] C. S. Lindsey, Stephanie Raghavendra, “PEGASIS : Power-Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems ’,” in Aerospace conference proceedings IEEE, 2002, pp. 3–1125. [28] S. Ali and S. Refaay, “Chain-Chain Based Routing Protocol,” International Journal of Computer Science, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 105–112, 2011. [29] S. Rani, J. Malhotra, and R. Talwar, “Energy efficient chain based cooperative routing protocol for WSN,” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 35, pp. 386–397, 2015. [30] K. Konstantinos, A. Xenakis, and P. Kikiras, “Topology optimization in wireless sensor networks for precision agriculture applications,” in International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2007, pp. 526–530. [31] L. Ruiz-Garcia, L. Lunadei, P. Barreiro, and I. Robla, “A Review of Wireless Sensor Technologies and Applications in Agriculture and Food Industry: State of the Art and Current Trends,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 9, pp. 4728–4750, 2009. [32] W. Y. Poe and J. B. Schmitt, “Node Deployment in Large Wireless Sensor Networks : Coverage, Energy Consumption, and Worst-Case Delay,” in AINTEC’09 Conference Proceding, Bangkok, Thailand, 2009. [33] S. Rana and A. Aggarwal, “Study and Comparison of Chain Based Protocol to Enhance Energy Utilization in Wireless Sensor Network,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 11–17, 2014. [34] H. Zhang and C. Liu, “A Review on Node Deployment of Wireless Sensor Network,” IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 378–383, 2012. [35] G. Huang, D. Chen, and X. Liu, “A Node Deployment Strategy for Blindness Avoiding in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1005–1008, 2015. [36] X. Liu, “A Deployment Strategy for Multiple Types of Requirements in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 2364–2376, 2015. [37] L. P. Damuut, “A Survey of Deterministic Vs . Non-Deterministic Node Placement Schemes in WSNs,” in The Sixth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2012, no. c, pp. 154–158. [38] S. Meguerdichian, F. Koushanfar, G. Qu, and M. Potkonjak, “Exposure in wireless Ad-Hoc sensor networks,” Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking - MobiCom ’01, pp. 139–150, 2001. [39] J. Li, L. L. H. Andrew, C. H. Foh, M. Zukerman, and H.-H. Chen, “Connectivity, coverage and placement in wireless sensor networks.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 7664–93, Jan. 2009. [40] Y. Shuang-Hua, Wireless Sensor N etworks: Principles, Design and Applications. Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht, 2013. [41] M. Kuorilehto, M. Kohvakka, J. Suhonen, H. Panu, H. Marko, and T. D. H, Ultra- Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice Theory, Realization and Deployment. U.S.A: John Wiley &Sons, Ltd, 2007. [42] S. Khan, A.-S. K. Pathan, and N. A. Alrajeh, Wireless Sensor Networks, Current Status and Future Trends. Taylor & Francis Press, 2013. [43] J. Suhonen, M. Kohvakka, V. Kaseva, T. D. Hämäläinen, and M. Hännikäinen, Low- Power Wireless Sensor Networks: Protoc ls, Services and Applicationso. New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London: Springer, 2012. [44] B. Krishnamachari, Networking Wireless Sensors: Sleep-oriented MAC – Efficient Routing Data-centric Concepts – Congestion Control. New York: cambridge university press, 2005. [45] Aqeel-ur-Rehman and Z. A. Shaikh, “Smart Agriculture,” in Application of Modern High Performance Networks, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2009, pp. 120–129. [46] Aqeel-ur-Rehman, A. Z. Abbasi, N. Islam, and Z. A. Shaikh, “A Review of Wireless Sensors and Networks’ Applications in Agriculture,” Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2011. [47] C. Li, H. Zhang, B. Hao, and J. Li, “A Survey on Routing Protocols for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 3498– 3526, 2011. [48] H. Singh and N. Kaur, “Energy Efficiency Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks : A Review,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 4138–4142, 2014. [49] A. M. Shamsan Saleh, B. M. Ali, M. F. a Rasid, and A. Ismail, “A self-optimizing scheme for energy balanced routing in Wireless Sensor Networks using SensorAnt.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 11307–33, Jan. 2012. [50] X. Liu, “Sensor Deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Ant Colony Optimization with Three Classes of Ant Transitions,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1604–1607, Oct. 2012. [51] W. Liu and Y. Wu, “Routing protocol based on genetic algorithm for energy harvesting-wireless sensor networks,” IET Wireless Sensor Systems, vol. 3, pp. 112– 183 118, 2013. [52] K. Bennani, D. Elghanami, and A. Maach, “Energy-Efficient Clustering Based On Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Network,” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 140–146, 2013. [53] V. Choudhary and K. Mahajan, “Energy- Efficient Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks : A Survey,” Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), vol. 04, no. 06, pp. 39–43, 2014. [54] V. Singhal and S. Suri, “Comparative Study of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” no. 5, pp. 2–7, 2014. [55] G. H. Raghunandan and B. N. Lakshmi, “A comparative analysis of routing techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2011 National Conference on Innovations in Emerging Technology, pp. 17–22, Feb. 2011. [56] S. Singh, M. Woo, and C. S. Raghavendra, “Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks,” Proceedings of the 4th annual ACMIEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking MobiCom 98, vol. 12, pp. 181–190, 1998. [57] Z. J. Haas, J. Y. Halpern, and L. Li, “Gossip-based ad hoc routing,” in Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1707–1716. [58] J. Kulik, W. Heinzelman, and H. Balakrishnan, “Negotiation-based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks,” Wireless Networks, vol. 8, pp. 169–185, 2002. [59] D. Braginsky and D. Estrin, “Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks,” in WSNA ’02. Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications, 2002, pp. 22–31. [60] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, “Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking,” Networking, IEEE/ACM T ransactions on, vol. 11, pp. 2–16, 2003. [61] B. Karp and H. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for wireless networks,” in Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking. ACM, 2000, pp. 243–254. [62] R. C. Shah and J. M. Rabaey, “Energy aware routing for low energy ad hoc sensor networks,” 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record WCNC 2002 Cat No02TH8609, vol. 1, pp. 350–355, 2002. [63] K. Sohrabi, J. Gao, V. Ailawadhi, and G. J. Pottie, “Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network,” IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 7, pp. 16–27, 2000. [64] C. Schurgers and M. B. Srivastava, “Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2001. MILCOM 2001, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 357–361. [65] S. Rani and S. H. Ahmed, Multi-hop Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Overview, Taxonomy, and Research Challenges. Springer, 2015. [66] Y.-H. Wang, Y.-W. Lin, Y.-Y. Lin, and H.-M. Chang, “A Grid-Based Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Applications-Volume 1, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp. 491–499. [67] S. Naeimi, H. Ghafghazi, C.-O. Chow, and H. Ishii, “A survey on the taxonomy of cluster-based routing protocols for homogeneous wireless sensor networks.,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 7350–409, Jan. 2012. [68] M. A. Salam and F. Tanjima, “Tree-based Data Aggregation Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks : A Survey,” in Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul, Turkey, 2012, pp. 1995–2002. [69] W. Kui, D. Dreef, S. Bo, and X. Yang, “Secure data aggregation without persistent cryptographic operations in wireless sensor networks,” in Conference Proceedings of the IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2006, vol. 2006, pp. 635–640. [70] H. Ö. Tan and I. Körpeoǧlu, “Power efficient data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks,” ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 66, Dec. 2003. [71] H. Zhang, P. Chen, and S. Gong, “Weighted spanning tree clustering routing algorithm based on LEACH,” in Proceedings of the 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication, ICFCC 2010, 2010, vol. 2. [72] M. Ding, X. Cheng, and G. Xue, “Aggregation tree construction in sensor networks,” 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), vol. 4, 2003. [73] A. Gagarin, S. Hussain, and L. T. Yang, “Distributed search for balanced energy consumption spanning trees in wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings - International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, AINA, 2009, pp. 1037–1042. [74] V. Annamalai, S. K. S. Gupta, and L. Schwiebert, “On tree-based convergecasting in wireless sensor networks,” 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003., vol. 3, 2003. [75] F. Xiangning and S. Yulin, “Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network,” in Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2007. SensorComm 2007. International Conference on, 2007, pp. 260–264. [76] V. Loscrì, G. Morabito, and S. Marano, “A two-levels hierarchy for low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (TL-LEACH),” in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2006, vol. 3, pp. 1809–1813. [77] M. B. Yassein, A. Al-zou, Y. Khamayseh, and W. Mardini, “Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (VLEACH),” International Journal of Digital Content: Technology and its Applications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 132–136, 2009. [78] W. B. Heinzelman, A. P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 1, 2002. [79] J. Hong, J. Kook, S. Lee, D. Kwon, and S. Yi, “T-LEACH: The method of thresholdbased cluster head replacement for wireless sensor networks,” Information Systems Frontiers, vol. 11, pp. 513–521, 2009. [80] H. M. Abdulsalam and L. K. Kamel, “W-LEACH: Weighted low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy aggregation algorithm for data streams in wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, 2010, pp. 1–8. [81] G. Ran, H. Zhang, and G. Shulan, “Improving on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor using Fuzzy Logig,” Information & Computational Science, vol. 3, no. March, pp. 767–775, 2010. [82] M. O. Farooq, A. B. Dogar, and G. A. Shah, “MR-LEACH: Multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy,” in Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, SENSORCOMM 2010, 2010, pp. 262–268. [83] P. Bansal, P. Kundu, and P. Kaur, “Comparison of LEACH and PEGASIS Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Int. J. of Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, vol. 11, no. June, pp. 139–144, 2014. [84] G. S. Arumugam and T. Ponnuchamy, “EE-LEACH: development of energy-efficient LEACH Protocol for data gathering in WSN,” Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015. 187 [85] N. Sharma and A. Nayyar, “A Comprehensive Review of Cluster Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 441–453, 2014. [86] Q. Mamun, “Designing Logical Topology For Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multi- Chain Oriented Approach,” Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC), vol. 4, no. 1, 2013. [87] Y.-F. Huang, C.-L. Chen, N.-C. Wang, J.-Y. Lin, and C.-M. Chen, “Performance of a data gather scheme with novel chain construction for wireless sensor networks,” Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference on ZZZ - IWCMC ’10, p. 1208, 2010. [88] P. Madhumathy and D. Sivakumar, “A Comparative Analysis of clustering based Routing Techniques for WSN,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1–5, 2012. [89] R. Neha and P. P. Bhattacharya, “Performance Analysis of a Concentric Cluster Based Hierarchical Routing Protocol for WSN,” International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, vol. 2, no. February, pp. 21–27, 2013. [90] Z. Gengsheng, L. Xiaohua, and H. Xingming, “The research of clustering protocol based on chain routing in WSNs,” 2009 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Applications (PACIIA), no. 1, pp. 292–295, Nov. 2009. [91] G. Zheng and Z. Hu, “Chain Routing Based on Coordinates-Oriented Clustering Strategy in WSNs,” 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–4, Dec. 2009. [92] K. S. Ahn, D. G. Kim, B. S. Sim, H. Y. Youn, and O. Song, “Balanced Chain-Based Routing Protocol (BCBRP) for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2011 IEEE Ninth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with 188 Applications Workshops, pp. 227–231, May 2011. [93] M. Hadjila, H. Guyennet, and M. Feham, “A Chain-Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wireless Sensor Network, vol. 05, no. 05, pp. 116–120, 2013. [94] K. Majumder, S. Ray, and S. K. Sarkar, “A novel energy efficient chain based hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks,” in Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies, 2010, pp. 339–344. [95] Yongchang Yu and Yichang Song, “An Energy-Efficient Chain-Based routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Network,” in 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010), 2010, vol. 11, pp. V11–486–V11–489. [96] J. Yang, Y. Mao, Q. Yu, and S. Leng, “Rotation and chain-based energy saving routing protocol of wireless sensor network,” 2013 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS), pp. 72–77, Nov. 2013. [97] Y. Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, “Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing,” in Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking - MobiCom ’01, 2001, pp. 70–84. [98] R. Sheikhpour and S. Jabbehdari, “A Cluster-Chain based Routing Protocol for Balancing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2012. [99] S. Feng, B. Qi, and L. Tang, “An improved Energy-Efficient PEGASIS-Based protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), pp. 2230–2233, Jul. 2011. [100] F. Tang, I. You, S. Guo, M. Guo, and Y. Ma, “A chain-cluster based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 189 23, no. 4, pp. 1305–1313, May 2010. [101] D. Yi and H. Yang, “HEER – A delay-aware and energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks,” Computer Networks, vol. 104, pp. 155–173, 2016. [102] K. Majumder, S. Ray, and S. K. Sarkar, “A novel energy efficient chain based hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks,” Interact-2010, pp. 339– 344, Dec. 2010. [103] L. T. M. Blessing and C. Amaresh, DRM, a Design Research Methodology. Springer- Verlag London, 2009. [104] J. Rico, J. Valino, and E. Epifanio, “Cluster Head Assignment in Networks controlled by Gatway Entities (CHANGE),” in 27th Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2013. [105] M.-W. Park, J.-Y. Choi, Y.-J. Han, and T.-M. Chung, “An Energy Efficient Concentric Clustering Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC, pp. 58–61, 2009. [106] Z. Xu, L. Chen, T. Liu, L. Cao, and C. Chen, “Balancing energy consumption with hybrid clustering and routing strategy in wireless sensor networks,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 26583–26605, 2015. [107] S. SUMITHRA and A. A. VICTOIRE, “An Energy Efficient Linear Chain-Based Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks,” Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 63, no. 3, 2014. [108] S. Singh, S. Chand, and B. Kumar, “Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol Using Fuzzy Logic for Heterogeneous WSNs,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 451–475, 2016. [109] X. Liu, “An optimal-distance-based transmission strategy for lifetime maximization 190 of wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 3484–3491, 2015. [110] W. B. Heinzelman, “Application-Speci c Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks,” Cornell, 2000. [111] O. Balci, “Verification validation and accreditation of simulation models,” in Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation, 1997, pp. 135–141. [112] T. R. Henderson, S. Roy, S. Floyd, and G. F. Riley, “Ns-3 Project Goals,” Proceeding from the 2006 workshop on ns-2: the IP network simulator - WNS2 ’06, vol. 1, p. 13, 2006. [113] S. Kurkowski, T. Camp, and M. Colagrosso, “MANET simulation studies,” ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 9. p. 50, 2005. [114] A. Habbal, “TCP SINTOK: Transmission Control Protocol with Delay-Based Loss Detection and Contention Avoidance Mechanisms for Mobile AD HOC Network,” UUM, 2014. [115] S. Schlesinger, R. Crosby, R. Cagne, G. Innis, C. Lalwani, J. Loch, R. Sylvester, R. Wright, N. Kheir, and D. Bartos, “Terminology for model credibility,” Simulation journal, vol. 32, pp. 103–104, 1979. [116] R. G. Sargent, “Verification and Validation of Simulation Models,” Journal of Simulation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 37–48, 2013. [117] R. Jain, The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling, vol. 491. 1992. [118] G. OSMAN, “Scaleable And Smooth TCP-Friendly Receiver-Based Layered Multicast Protocol,” UUM, 2008. 191 [119] M. HASBULLAH, “An Innovative Signal Detection Algorithm In Facilitating The Cognitive Radio Functionality For Wireless Regional Area Network Using Singular Value Decomposition,” UUM, 2011. [120] A. SUKI, “Slight-Delay Shaped Variable Bit Rate (SD-SVBR) Technique For Video Transmission,” UUM, 2011. [121] M. Saleem, G. a. Di Caro, and M. Farooq, “Swarm intelligence based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks: Survey and future directions,” Information Sciences, vol. 181, no. 20, pp. 4597–4624, Oct. 2011. [122] “OMNET ++.” [Online]. Available: http://www.omnetpp.org/. [123] “Castalia.” [Online]. Available: https://castalia.forge.nicta.com.au/index.php/en/. [124] T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2. 2011. [125] “OPNET.” [Online]. Available: http://www.opnet.com/university_program/itguru_academic_edition/. [126] “Prowler.” [Online]. Available: http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/projects/nest/prowler/. [127] I. ALI, KADHUM, “Distributed Coverage Optimization Techniques for Improving Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,” DE-Franche-Comte, 2015. [128] B. Musznicki and P. Zwierzykowski, “Survey of simulators for wireless sensor networks,” International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 23–50, 2012. [129] W. Du, F. Mieyeville, D. Navarro, I. O’Connor, and L. Carrel, “Modeling and simulation of networked low-power embedded systems: a taxonomy,” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2014, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2014. 192 [130] H. Sundani, H. Li, V. Devabhaktuni, M. Alam, and P. Bhattacharya, “Wireless sensor network simulators a survey and comparisons,” International Journal of Computer Networks, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 249–265, 2011. [131] “ns-3 Network Simulator 3,” https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/. [132] N. Kamoltham, K. N. Nakorn, and K. Rojviboonchai, “From NS-2 to NS-3 - Implementation and evaluation,” in 2012 Computing, Communications and Applications Conference, ComComAp 2012, 2012, pp. 35–40. [133] M. Stoffers and G. Riley, “Comparing the ns-3 propagation models,” in Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, MASCOTS 2012, 2012, pp. 61–67. [134] M. Kheirkhah, I. Wakeman, and G. Parisis, “Multipath-TCP in ns-3,” in The Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3), 2014. [135] G. Piro, N. Baldo, and M. Miozzo, “An LTE module for the ns-3 network simulator,” Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, no. March, pp. 415–422, 2011. [136] M. Ikeda, E. Kulla, L. Barolli, and M. Takizawa, “Wireless Ad-hoc Networks Performance Evaluation Using NS-2 and NS-3 Network Simulators,” 2011 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, pp. 40–45, 2011. [137] R. Fernandes and M. Ferreira, “Scalable VANET simulations with NS-3,” in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2012. [138] S. Choudhary and A. Bhatt, “A survey of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Networks Using NS-3,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 407–415, 193 2015. [139] Z. Ali, N. Baldo, J. Mangues-Bafalluy, and L. Giupponi, “Simulating LTE mobility management in presence of coverage holes with ns-3,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, 2015, pp. 279–283. [140] M. Casoni, C. A. Grazia, M. Klapez, and N. Patriciello, “Implementation and validation of TCP options and congestion control algorithms for ns-3,” in Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3, 2015, pp. 112–119. [141] G. Piro, L. A. Grieco, G. Boggia, and P. Camarda, “Simulating wireless nano sensor networks in the NS-3 platform,” in Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, WAINA, 2013, pp. 67–74. [142] K. El Gholami, N. Elkamoun, K. M. Hou, Y. Chen, J. P. Chanet, and J. J. Li, “A new WPAN Model for NS-3 simulator,” NICST’2103 New Information Communication Science and Technology for Sustainable Development: France-China International Workshop, 18-20 Sept., p. 8, 2013. [143] S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, and K. Sivalingam, “Data Gathering in Sensor Networks using the Energy Delay Metric,” in Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium., Proceedings 15th International, 2001, pp. 2001–2008. [144] P. Shiva, k B. Raja, Venugopal, I. S, and L. M. Patnaik, “Base Station Controlled Adaptive Clustering for Qos in Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2014. [145] S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, and K. M. Sivalingam, “Data Gathering Algorithms in Sensor Networks Using Energy Metrics,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 924–935, 2002. [146] O. M. D. Al-Momani, “Dynamic redundancy forward error correction mechanism for 194 the enhancement of Internet-based video streaming,” UUM, 2010. [147] Y. Chen and Q. Zhao, “On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 9, pp. 976–978, 2005. [148] I. Kang and R. Poovendran, “Maximizing network lifetime of broadcasting over wireless stationary ad hoc networks,” Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 10, pp. 879–896, 2005. [149] Y. Shi, Y. T. Hou, and A. Efrat, “Algorithm design for base station placement problems in sensor networks,” Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Quality of service in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks - QShine ’06, p. 13, 2006. [150] I. Raicu, L. Schwiebert, S. Fowler, and S. K. S. Gupta, “Local Load Balancing for Globally Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 163–185, 2005. [151] M. Perillo and W. B. Heinzelman, “General Network Lifetime and Cost Models for Evaluating Sensor Network Deployment Strategies,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 7, pp. 484–497, 2008. [152] D. W. Cunningham, A logical introduction to proof. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. [153] R. Sargent, “Verification and validation of simulation models,” in Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation, 2005, pp. 130–143. [154] K. Akkaya, K. Akkaya, M. Younis, and M. Younis, “A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 3, pp. 325–349, 2005. [155] M. N. A. B. M. Alim Al Islam, Chowdhury Sayeed Hyder, Humayun Kabir3, “Stable Sensor Network (SSN): A Dynamic Clustering Technique for Maximizing Stability in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wireless Sensor Network, vol. 02, no. 07, pp. 538–554, 2010. [156] T. Gao, J. Y. Song, J. Y. Zou, J. H. Ding, D. Q. Wang, and R. C. Jin, “An overview of performance trade-off mechanisms in routing protocol for green wireless sensor networks,” Wireless Networks, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 135–157, 2016. [157] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami, “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645–1660, 2013.

Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks

Similar Items