Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA

Implementing technology in teaching and learning is advanced by mobile technology devices via wireless communication network. Extraordinary growth of mobile phone users has led to mobile learning that enables universities to implement teaching and learning practices of anywhere and anytime. Howeve...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng eng
Published:	2018
Subjects:	LB2300 Higher Education TK6570 Mobile Communication System.
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/1/DepositPermission_s92517.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/2/s92517_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/3/s92517_02.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.6925
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng eng
advisor	Shaari, Ahmad Jelani
topic	LB2300 Higher Education TK6570 Mobile Communication System.
spellingShingle	LB2300 Higher Education TK6570 Mobile Communication System. Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
description	Implementing technology in teaching and learning is advanced by mobile technology devices via wireless communication network. Extraordinary growth of mobile phone users has led to mobile learning that enables universities to implement teaching and learning practices of anywhere and anytime. However, this requires that educators equip themselves with relevant skills in using mobile technology devices. Based on technology acceptance literature, this study aims to identify the determinants that affect behavioural intention of the English language lecturers in Academy of Language Studies to adopt mobile technology devices. Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research model formulated three external variables; subjective norm, self-efficacy and prior mobile technology experience; three main determinants of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural usage; and three key moderators of age, gender and university culture. A total of 337 questionnaires from 13 state campuses of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) were analysed based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Significant findings were found for the main relationships except for self-efficacy which did not influence perceived usefulness while perceived ease of use had no relationship with behavioural intention in using mobile technology devices. Perceived usefulness was a mediator for subjective norm and prior mobile technology experience towards behavioural intention. However, only age moderated the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioural intention. Although university culture did not display moderation effect, the study identified the elements that influence the working culture of the lecturers. Based on the findings, it is proposed that UiTM conducts training workshops and clearly describes the policy of the university regarding mobile devices usage in teaching and learning practices. UiTM’s initiative will assist educators in using mobile technology devices towards fulfilling the aspiration of the university and nation to utilize ICT in achieving quality teaching and learning in Malaysia.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Ph.D.
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed
author_facet	Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed
author_sort	Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed
title	Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
title_short	Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
title_full	Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
title_fullStr	Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
title_full_unstemmed	Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA
title_sort	mobile technology acceptance among english language academic at universiti teknologi mara
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2018
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/1/DepositPermission_s92517.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/2/s92517_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/3/s92517_02.pdf
_version_	1747828129993326592
spelling	my-uum-etd.69252022-10-11T02:49:37Z Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA 2018 Wan Nazihah, Wan Mohamed Shaari, Ahmad Jelani Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences LB2300 Higher Education TK6570 Mobile Communication System. Implementing technology in teaching and learning is advanced by mobile technology devices via wireless communication network. Extraordinary growth of mobile phone users has led to mobile learning that enables universities to implement teaching and learning practices of anywhere and anytime. However, this requires that educators equip themselves with relevant skills in using mobile technology devices. Based on technology acceptance literature, this study aims to identify the determinants that affect behavioural intention of the English language lecturers in Academy of Language Studies to adopt mobile technology devices. Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research model formulated three external variables; subjective norm, self-efficacy and prior mobile technology experience; three main determinants of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural usage; and three key moderators of age, gender and university culture. A total of 337 questionnaires from 13 state campuses of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) were analysed based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Significant findings were found for the main relationships except for self-efficacy which did not influence perceived usefulness while perceived ease of use had no relationship with behavioural intention in using mobile technology devices. Perceived usefulness was a mediator for subjective norm and prior mobile technology experience towards behavioural intention. However, only age moderated the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioural intention. Although university culture did not display moderation effect, the study identified the elements that influence the working culture of the lecturers. Based on the findings, it is proposed that UiTM conducts training workshops and clearly describes the policy of the university regarding mobile devices usage in teaching and learning practices. UiTM’s initiative will assist educators in using mobile technology devices towards fulfilling the aspiration of the university and nation to utilize ICT in achieving quality teaching and learning in Malaysia. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/1/DepositPermission_s92517.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/2/s92517_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/6925/3/s92517_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abachi, H. R., & Muhammad, G. (2014). The impact of m-learning technology on students and educators. Computers in Human Behaviour, 30, 491-496. AbuSa'aleek, A. O. (2014). A review of emerging technologies: Mobile assisted language learning (MALL). Asian Journal of Education and e-learning, 2(6), 469-475. Academy of Language Studies. (2015). About Us Introduction. Retrieved from http://apb.uitm.edu.my/v1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=56 Adesope, O. O., Olubunmi, S. S., & McCracken, J. J. (2007). Implementing mobile learning in developing countries: Prospects and challenges. In C. Montgomerie & J. Seale (Eds.) Proceedings of the 19th World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA) (pp. 1249-1254). Vancouver, Canada: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Afendi Hamat, Mohamed Amin Embi, & Abdul Halim Sulaiman. (2011). Learning management systems in Malaysian higher education institutions. In Mohamed Amin Embi (Ed.), e-Learning in Malaysian higher education institutions: Status, trends & challenges. Putrajaya: Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education. Aguirre-Urreta, M. I., & Marakas, G. M. (2010). Is it really gender? An empirical investigation into gender effects in technology adoption through the examination of individual differences. Human Technology, 6(2), 155-190. Ahmad Redzuan Abdul Rahman, & Soraya Mohd Nashir. (Eds.). (2010). Prospectus 2010 preparation for life. Shah Alam: Universiti Teknologi MARA. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behaviour. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Akour, H. (2009). Determinants of mobile learning acceptance: An empirical investigation in higher education. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest LLC (ED518526). Alemi, M. (2016). General impacts on integrating advanced and modern technologies on teaching English as a foreign language. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education, 5(1), 13-25. Algahtani, A. F. (2011). Evaluating the effectiveness of the e-learning experience in some universities in Saudi Arabia from male students' perceptions, Durham theses, Durham University. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3215/ Al-Husain, D., & Hammo, B. H. (2015). Investigating the readiness of college students for ICT and mobile learning: A case study from King Saud University. International Arab Journal of e-Technology, 4(1), 48-55. Anuwar Ali. (2004). Issues and Challenges in Implementing e-Learning in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://asiapacific-odl.oum.edu.my/C33/F80.pdf Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29-42. Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499. Arning, K., & Ziefle, M. (2007). Understanding age differences in PDA acceptance and performance. Computers in Human Behaviour, 23, 2904-2927. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2006). Introduction to research in education (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Azlan Abdul Aziz, Posiah Mohd Isa, Nor Adura Endut, Siti Rahayu Abdul Aziz, & Mohd Nor Hajar Hasrol. (2009, Dec). e-Learning for Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM): Campus wide implementation and accomplishments. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on e-Learning (ICEL), Shah Alam, Malaysia. Baggaley, J. P. (2004). M-learning how to m-teach. Diverse Newsletter. Retrieved from http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/diverse/diversenl1104jb1.htm Bahrani, T. (2011). Mobile phones: Just a phone or a language learning device? Cross-Cultural Communication, 7(2), 244-248. Balasundaram, S. R., & Ramadoss, B. (2007). SMS for questioning and answering in the m-learning scenario. Journal of Computer Science. 3(2), 119-121. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. Barker, A., Krull, G., & Mallinson, B. (2005, Oct). A proposed theoretical model for m-learning adoption in developing countries. Paper presented at the 4th World Conference on mLearning, Cape Town, South Africa. Retrieved from http://mlearn.org/mlearn2005/CD/papers/Barker.pdf Barreh, K. A., & Zoraini Wati Abas. (2015). Students' attitudes and perceptions toward the effectiveness of mobile learning in university of Djibouti International Journal of Education and Research, 3(1), 601-612. Behera, S. K. (2013). E- and M-learning: A comparative study. International Journal of New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 4(3), 65-78. Berita Pejabat Bendahari. (2012). Perutusan tahun baharu bendahari UiTM 2012 -"From usual to unusual business" Ke arah memperkasakan pengurusan kewangan universiti". Retrieved from http://myfinancial.uitm.edu.my/uitm/ news.nsf/all/CDF7DD9B320610CB482579AA0021B4D6?OpenDocument Bolt, M. A. (1999). The social cognitive model for computer training: an experimental investigation. (Doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/ 10919/26736 Boone Jr., H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing Likert data. Journal of Extension, 50(2), Article No 2TOT2. Bozdogan, D. (2015). MALL revisited: Current trends and pedagogical implications. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 195, 932-939. Bright, L. K., & Yang, J. F. (2004). Technology development challenges: Accommodating east/west cultural differences and similarities. In L. Cantoni & C. McLoughlin (Eds.). Proceedings of the 16th World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA) (pp. 4282-5287). Vancouver, Canada: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Brown, L. (2008). Using mobile learning to teach reading to ninth-grade students. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (3330949) Brown, T. H. (2005). Towards a model for m-Learning in Africa. International Journal on Elearning. 4(3), 299-315. Burton-Jones, A., & Hubona, G. S. (2006). The mediation of external variables in the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 43, 706-717. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York NY: Routledge. Chapin, A. (2009, March). iPods and second language acquisition. Paper presented at AcademiX 2009 Conference, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved from http://segueproject.org/ipods/files/2005/01/iPods-ls02.pdf Che, P. C., Lin, H. Y., Jang, H. C., Lien, Y. N., & Tsai, T. C. (2009). A study of English mobile learning applications at National Chengchi University. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 7(4), 38-60. Chen, C. J. (2014). Using concept mapping instruction in mobile phone to learning English vocabulary. Creative Education, 5(1), 4-6. Chen, C. M., & Hsu, S. H. (2008). Personalised intelligent mobile learning system for supporting effective English learning. Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 153-180. Chen, H. R., & Tseng, H. F. (2012). Factors that influence acceptance of web-based e-learning systems for the in-service education of junior high school teachers in Taiwan. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35, 398-406. Chen, Y. C., Lin, Y. C., Yeh, R. C., & Lou, S. J. (2013). Examining factors affecting college students' intention to use web-based instruction systems: Towards an integrated model. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(2), 111-121. Cheng, Y. M. (2014). Exploring the intention to use mobile learning: The moderating role of personal innovativeness. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 16(1), 40-61. Chin, L. G., & Vimala Balakrishnan. (2017). Predicting acceptance of mobile technology for aiding student lecturer interactions: An empirical study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(2), 143-158. Chinnery, G. M. (2006). Emerging technologies - Going to the MALL: Mobile assisted language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 10(1), 9-16. Chun, H., Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2012). The integrated model of smartphone adoption: Hedonic and utilitarian value perceptions of smartphones among Korean college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 473-479. Chwo, S. M. G., Marek, M. W., & Wu, W. C. V. (2016). Curriculum integration of MALL in L1/L2 pedagogy: Perspectives in research. Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 340-354. Clarke, P., Keing, C., Lam, P., & McNaught, C. (2008). Using SMSs to engage students in language learning. In E. R. Weipp & J. Luca (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th Annual World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications(ED-MEDIA) (pp. 6132-6141). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computers in Education (AACE). Cobcroft, R., Towers, S., Smith, J., & Bruns, A. (2006). Mobile learning in review: Opportunities and challenges for learners, teachers and institutions. Proceedings of Online Learning and Teaching (OLT) Conference (pp. 21-30). Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology. Cochrane, T. (2007). Mobile teaching styles. In A. Burns, J. Smith & S. Towers (Eds.), Creating mobile learning (pp. 1-15). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishers. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). London: Routledge. CompTIA. (2013). Generational research on technology and its Impact in the workplace. United States: CompTIA Properties LLC. Retrieved from http://www.unify.com/~/media/internet-2012/documents/report/CompTIA-Generational-Study.pdf Conci, M., Pianesi, F., & Zancanaro, M. (2009). Useful, social and enjoyable: Mobile phone adoption by older people. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5726, 63-76. Cooper, R. B. (1994). The inertial impact of culture on IT implementation. Information & Management, 27(1), 17-31. Corbeil, R., Pan, C., Sullivan, M., & Butler, J. (2007). Enhancing e-learning through m-learning: Are you ready to go mobile? Technology and Teacher Education Annual, 1(6), 273-280. Costabile, M., De Angeli, C., Lanzilotti, R., Ardito, C., Buono, P., & Pederson, T. (2008). Explore! Possibilities and challenges of mobile learning. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 145-154). New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery Inc. Dabbagh, N. (2005). Pedagogical models for e-learning: A theory-based design framework. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 25-44. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-339. Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: System characteristics, user perception and behavioural impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 38(3), 475-487. Davis, F. D., & Venkatesh, V. (1996). A critical assessment of potential measurement biases in the technology acceptance model: Three experiments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45(1), 19-45. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. Dawson, J. F. (2013). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7 de Freitas, S., & Levene, M. (2003). Evaluating the development of wearable devices, personal data assistants and the use of other mobile devices in further and higher education institutions. JISC Technology and Standards Watch Report: Wearable Technology, 3(5). Devadoss, K. (2011). Utility of mobile phones in English classes. Language in India, 11(12), 547 - 551. Dewan Rakyat. (2006). Dewan rakyat parlimen kesebelas penggal ketiga mesyuarat pertama. Retrieved from http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-26042006.pdf Dube, J. (2012, May 8). Why smartphones are the future of social networking. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jondube/2012/05/08/why-smartphones-are-the-future-of-social-networking/#2bac861b5d4f Educause Learning Initiative. (2005). 7 things you should know about podcasting. Retrieved from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf /ELI7003.pdf Eichhorn, B. R. (2014, October 5-7). Common method variance techniques. Paper presented at the MWSUG 2014 Annual Conference, Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved from http://www.mwsug.org/proceedings/2014/AA/MWSUG-2014-AA11.pdf Eteokleous, N., & Ktoridou, D. (2009). Investigating mobile devices integration in higher education in Cyprus: Faculty perspectives. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 3(1), 38-48. Fairchild, A. J., & McQuillin, S. D. (2010). Evaluating mediation and moderation effects in school psychology: A presentation of methods and review of current practice. Journal of School Psychology, 48, 53-84. Fan, S., Radford, J., & Fabian, D. (2016). A mixed-method research to investigate the adoption of mobile devices and Web2.0 technologies among medical students and educators. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 16(43), 1-8. Farzana Parveen, & Ainin Sulaiman. (2008). Technology complexity, personal innovativeness and intention to use wireless internet using mobile devices in Malaysia. International Review of Business Research Papers, 4(5), 1-10. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley. Fisher, M., & Baird, D. E. (2006). Making mLearning work: Utilizing mobile technology for active exploration, collaboration, assessment and reflection in higher education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 35(1), 3-30. Fralinger, B., & Olson, V. (2007). Organizational culture at the university level: A study using the OCAI instrument. Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 4(11), 85-97. Gao, Y. (2005). Applying the technology acceptance model (TAM) to educational hypermedia: A field study. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 14(3), 237-247. Gaskin, J. (2011). “Multigroup moderation in Amos - Made easy (with critical ratios)”, Gaskination's Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ZMYS90AU8bs Gaskin, J. (2012). “Group Differences”, Stats Tools Package. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com Gaskin, J. (2016). “Data Screening”, Gaskination's StatWiki. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (1997). Gender differences in the perception and use of e-mail: An extension to the technology acceptance model. MIS Quarterly, 21(4), 389-400. Geldhof, G. J., Preacher, K. J., & Zyphur, M. J. (2014). Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 72-91. Glahn, C. (2011, 23 May). The role of the teacher in mobile learning. Retrieved from http://lo-f.at/glahn/2011/05/the-role-of-the-teacher-in-mobile-learning. html Goh, T., & Kinshuk (2006). Getting ready for mobile learning - Adaptation perspective. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 15(2), 175-198. Goh, Y. S., & Irfan Naufal Umar. (2010, Nov). The effectiveness of web-based instruction and cooperative learning on the students' listening and speaking skills in Mandarin language learning. Paper presented at the 18th International Conference on Computers in Education, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Goh, Y. S., Ng, A. S., Raja Mariam Raja Baniamin, & Wan Anuar Wan Mamat. (2004). Technology and foreign language learning: Student perceptions on the feasibility of using WBI (web-based instruction) to supplement the on-campus foreign language courses in UiTM. In M. Singhal & J. Liontas (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Online Conference on Second and Foreign Language Teaching and Research (pp. 147-160). United States: The Reading Matrix. Gribbins, M. (2007). The perceived usefulness of podcasting in higher education: A survey of students' attitudes and intention to use. Proceedings of the Second Midwest United States Association for Information Systems. Retrieved from https://edocs.uis.edu/mgribbin/www/MWAIS2007paper.pdf Guo, Y. (2015). Moderating effects of gender in the acceptance of mobile SNS based on UTAUT model. International Journal of Smart Home, 9(1), 203-216. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education. Han, S. (2003). Individual adoption of information systems in organisations: A literature review of technology acceptance model (TUCS Technical Report No 540). Finland: Turku Centre for Computer Science Harwati Hashim, Melor Md Yunus, & Mohamed Amin Embi. (2012, Sept). Exploring the potential of using mobile technologies for the teaching and learning of English language in Polytechnics. Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Mobile Learning, Applications and Services (mobilcase2012), Melaka, Malaysia. Hashemi, M., & Azizinezhad, M. (2012).The pedagogical applications of using short message system (SMS) in language learning classes. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 1(1), 10-14. Hayati, H., Koo, A. C., & Song, H. (2009, Dec). Exploring learner's perception of mobile learning. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on e-Learning (ICEL), Shah Alam, Malaysia. Holden, H., & Rada, R. (2011). Understanding the influence of perceived usability and technology self-efficacy on teachers' technology acceptance. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(4), 342-367. Hsu, C. K., Hwang, G. J., Chang Y. T., & Chang, C. K. (2013). Effects of video caption modes on English listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition using handheld devices. Educational Technology & Society, 16(1), 403-414. Huang, C. S. J., Yang, S. J. H., Chiang, T. H. C., & Su, A. Y. S. (2016). Effects of situated mobile learning approach on learning motivation and performance of EFL students. Educational Technology & Society, 19(1), 263-276. Huang, J. H., Lin, Y. R., & Chuang, S. T. (2007). Elucidating user behaviour of mobile learning: A perspective of the extended technology acceptance model. The Electronic Library, 25(5), 585-598. Hunt, L. (2003). What makes good university teaching? B-Hert News, 18, 20-21. i-learn Portal. (2012). i-Learn Management and Staff. Retrieved from http://i-learn.uitm.edu.my/v2/?page_id=2 Im, I., Kim, Y. & Han, H. J. (2008). The effects of perceived risk and technology type on users' acceptance of technologies. Information & Management, 45, 1 - 9. Issham Ismail, Siti Fatimah Bokhare, Siti Norbaya Azizan, & Nizuwan Azman (2013). Teaching via mobile phone: A case study on Malaysian teachers’ technology acceptance and readiness. Journal of Educators Online, 10(1), 1-38. Jackman, G. (2014). Investigating the factors influencing students’ acceptance of mobile learning: The Cave Hill campus experience. Caribbean Educational Research Journal 2(2), 14-32. JISC Digital Media. (2011). Mobile learning for education. Retrieved from http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/crossmedia/advice/mobile-learning-for-education Jitlekha Teerajarmorn. (2005). Assessing students online. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society (pp. 27-30). Bangkok, Thailand: Assumption University Press. Jonassen, D., & Rohrer-Murphy, L. (1999). Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(1), 61-79. Joo, Y. J., Lee, H. W., & Ham, Y. (2014). Integrating user interface and personal innovativeness into the TAM for mobile learning in Cyber University. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26, 143-158. Joseph, S. R. (2015). Students' perspectives on ICTs acceptance and use in higher educational institutions of Botswana: Limkokwing University. International Journal of Engineering & Scientific Research, 3(1), 185-198. Ju, T. L., Wathanaporn Sriprapaipong, & Do Nhut Minh. (2008, Jan). On the success factors of mobile learning. Paper presented at the Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Junior, J. B., & Coutinho, C. C. (2008). The use of mobile technologies in higher education in Portugal: An exploratory survey. In C. J. Bonk, M. M. Lee & T. Reynolds (Eds.) Proceedings of the World Conference on e-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education (E-LEARN) (pp. 2102-2107). Chesapeake VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Kafyulilo, A. (2014). Access, use and perceptions of teachers and students towards mobile phones as a tool for teaching and learning in Tanzania. Education and Information Technologies, 19, 115-127. Kamaruzaman Jusoff, & Siti Akmar Abu Samah (2009). Developing professional track towards excellence in academician's career path. Asian Culture and History, 1(2), 75-81. Karsen, M., Siswono, & Widianty. (2015). The role of information technology to improve lecturer performance. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 72(3), 458-463. Kearney, M., Schuck, S., Burden, K., & Aubusson, P. (2012). Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Research in Learning Technology 20. doi: 10.3402/rlt.v20i0/14406 Keengwe, J., Schnellert, G., & Jonas, D. (2014). Mobile phones in education: Challenges and opportunities for learning. Education and Information Technology, 19, 441-450. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 (Pendidikan prasekolah hingga lepas menengah). Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2013/ articlefile_file_003107.pdf Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. (2011). Institusi pengajian tinggi awam (IPTA). Retrieved from http://www.mohe.gov.my/portal/institusi/ipta.html Kessler, G., & Plakans, L. (2008). Does teachers’ confidence with CALL equal innovative and integrated use? Computer Assisted Language Learning, 21(3), 269-282. Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2002). The effect of institutional culture on change strategies in higher education. The Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 435-460. Khechine, H., Lakhal, S., Pascot, D., & Bytha, A. (2014). UTAUT model for blended learning: The role of gender and age in the intention to use webinars. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 10, 33-52. Khonat, A. (2012). Do mobile phones have a place in the classroom? Teaching Business & Economics, 16(3), 15-17. Kim, S. H., Holmes, K., & Mims, C. (2005). Mobile wireless technology use and implementation: Opening a dialogue on the new technologies in education. TechTrends, 49(3), 54-63. Kim, S., & Chung, A. (2006). Mobile technology applications in the Korean higher education. In E. Pearson & P. Bohman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18thWorld Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA) (pp. 83-88). Orlando, FL: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Kim, S., & Garrison, G. (2009). Investigating mobile wireless technology adoption: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Information Syst Front, 11, 323-333. Kim, S., Mims, C., & Holmes, K. (2006). An Introduction to current trends and benefits of mobile wireless technology use in higher education. AACE Journal, 14(1), 77-100. Kim, Y. J., Chun, J. U., & Song, J. (2009). Investigating the role of attitude in technology acceptance from an attitude strength perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 29(1), 67-77. Kimura, M. (2009). Development and effectiveness of vocabulary learning contents for use with mobile phones in education in Japan. In C. D. Maddux (Ed.) Proceedings of Research Highlights in Technology and Teacher Education (pp. 151-160). Chesapeake, VA: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education (SITE). Kimura, M., & Shimoyama, Y. (2009). Vocabulary learning contents for use with mobile phones in education in Japan. In I. Gibson, R. Weber, K. McFerrin, R. Carlsen & D. A. Willis (Eds.) Proceedings of the 20thSociety for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference (SITE) (pp. 1922-1929).Charleston, SC: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). King, W. R., & He, J. (2006). A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 43, 740-755. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Korucu, A. T., & Alkan, A. (2011). Differences between m-learning (mobile learning) and e-learning, basic terminology and usage of m-learning in education. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15, 1925-1930. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology methods and techniques (2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. Ktoridou, D., & Eteokleous, N. (2010). University campus adoption of WLAN technology: Applying the UTAUT model. Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA) (pp. 85-93). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computers in Education (AACE). Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2009). Will mobile learning change language learning? ReCALL, 21(2), 157–165. Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2013). Limelight on mobile learning: Integrating education and innovation. Harvard International Review, Spring 2013, 12-16. Kukulska-Hulme, A., Sharples, M., Milrad, M., Arnedillo-Sánchez, I., & Vavoula, G. (2006). Innovation in mobile learning: A European perspective. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1(1), 13-35. Kwon, H. S., & Chidambaram, L. (2000). A test of the technology acceptance model: The case of cellular telephone adoption. In R. H. Sprague (Ed.), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1-10). Maui, HI: IEEE Computer Society. Lateef, A. R., & Alaba, S. O. (2013). Influence of gender and attitude of pre-service teachers towards on-line instruction in a selected university in south-western Nigeria. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 84-91. Lee, J., Cerreto, F. A., & Lee, J. (2010). Theory of planned behaviour and teachers' decisions regarding use of educational technology. Educational Technology & Society, 13(1), 152-164. Lee, Y. H., Hsieh, Y. C., & Hsu, C. N. (2011). Adding innovation diffusion theory to the technology acceptance model: Supporting employees' intentions to use e-learning systems. Educational Technology & Society, 14(4), 124-137. Lee, Y., Kozar, K. A., & Larsen, K. R. T. (2003). The technology acceptance model: Past, present and future. Communication of the Association for Information Systems, 12, 752-780. Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information and Management, 40, 191-204. Lin, C. C. (2014). Learning English reading in a mobile-assisted extensive reading program. Computers & Education, 78, 48-59. Little, T. D., Card, N. A., Bovaird, J. A., Preacher, K. J., & Crandall, C. S. (2007). Structural equation modeling of mediation and moderation with contextual factors. In T. D. Little, J. A. Bovaird, & N. A. Card (Eds.), Modeling contextual effects in longitudinal studies (pp. 207-230). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Liu, S. H., Liao, H. L., & Peng, C. J. (2005). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online- e-learning users' acceptance behaviour. Issues in Information Systems, VI(2), 175-181. Livingston, A. (2004). Smartphones and other mobile devices. Educause Quarterly, 2, 48-52. Lu, J., Liu, C., Yu, C. S., & Yao, J. E. (2003). Exploring factors associated with wireless internet via mobile technology acceptance in mainland China. Communication of the International Information Management Association, 3(1), 101-120. Lu, X., & Viehland, D. (2008). Factors influencing the adoption of mobile learning. Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on Information Systems(ACIS) (pp. 597-606). Christchurch, New Zealand: Australasian Association for Information Systems. Lyytinen, K., & Damsgaard, J. (2001). What's wrong with the diffusion of innovation theory? In M. A. Ardis & B. L. Marcolin (Eds.) Proceedings of the 4thInternational Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) (pp. 173-190). Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Mac Callum, K., Jeffrey, L., & Kinshuk. (2014). Comparing the role of ICT literacy and anxiety in the adoption of mobile learning. Computers in Human Behaviour, 39, 8-19. Mahendar Kumar Beniwal, & Arpita Sharma. (2013). Explosive growth of mobile technology and its potential impact on youth and education. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 2(4), 12-15. Maina, A. (2016, May 4). 20 popular social media sites right now. Retrieved from https://smallbiztrends.com/2016/05/popular-social-media-sites.html Malaymail Online (2016, October 22). Budget 2017: Public universities suffer almost 20pc spending cut. The Malay Mail. Retrieved from http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/budget-2017-public-universities-suffer-almost-20pc-spending-cut Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2014). Communication & multimedia. Pocket book of statistics Q2 2014. Retrieved from http://www.skmm.gov.my/Resources/Statistics/Communications-and-Multimedia-Pocket-Book-of-Stati.aspx Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in IS research: A comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management Science, 52(12), 1865-1883. Manimekalai, J. (2013). Behavioural intention to adopt mobile technology among tertiary students. World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(9), 1262-1271. Marangunic, N. & Granic, A. (2015). Technology acceptance model: A literature review from 1986 to 2013. Univ Access Inf. Soc, 14, 81-95. Mariam Mohamad, & Woollard, J. (2012a). Mobile learning in English language learning: An implementation strategy for secondary schools in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/300062/1/Mobile_learning_ in_English_Language_Learning_An_implementation_strategy_for_secondary_schools_in_Malaysia.pdf Mariam Mohamad, & Woollard, J. (2012b, April). Mobile learning via mobile phones in Malaysian secondary schools: Seven signs of promises. Paper presented at the 8th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education, Bucharest, Romania. doi:10.5682/2066-026X-12-126 Maslin Masrom, & Ramlah Hussein. (2008). User acceptance of information technology: Understanding theories and models. Selangor: Venton Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. Mayes, T., & de Freitas, S. (2004). Review of e-learning theories, frameworks and models. Retrieved from http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/ elearningpedagogy/outcomes.aspx Mbarek, R., & Zaddem, F. (2013).The examination of factors affecting e-learning effectiveness. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2(4), 423-435. McNaught, C., & Vogel, D. R. (2004). The converging streams of globalisation and eLearning: Stretching the comfort zone. In R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Dwyer & R. Phillips (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference (pp. 637-646). Perth, Australia: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE). Md Masudul Hasan, & Tan, B. H. (2012). ESL learners' perception and attitudes towards the use of podcast in developing listening skills. The English Teacher, XLI(2), 160-173. Meyer, G. (2004). Diffusion methodology: Time to innovate? Journal of Health Communication, 9, 59-69. Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015 - 2025 (Higher Education). Putrajaya, Malaysia: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Mohamed Amin Embi. (2011, Nov). E-learning in Malaysian institutions of higher learning: Status, trends and challenges. Paper presented at the International Lifelong Learning Conference (ICLLL), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Mohd Hafiz Nural Azhan, Lazim Abdullah, & Yazid Md Saman. (2012, Sept). Usage of mobile devices in e-learning environment. Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Mobile Learning, Applications and Services (mobilcase2012), Melaka, Malaysia. Mohd Nazri Md Saad, Ahmad Wiraputra Selamat, Eimiza Faisha Azmi, Mohamad Yunus Mustafa, & Prabu T. (2012, Sept). Empowering learning through mobile technologies. Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Mobile Learning, Applications and Services (mobilcase2012), Melaka, Malaysia. Mohd Rafi Yaacob. (2011). PASW (SPSS) for business and social science students. Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Eduserve Resources. Moore, G. C. (1987). End user computing and office automation: A diffusion of innovations perspective. Information Systems & Operational Research (INFOR) Journal, 25(3), 214-235. Moore, G. C., & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the perception of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 192-222. Moore, M. G. (1997). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education (pp. 22-38). New York: Routlege Studies in Distance Education. Moryson, H., & Moeser, G. (2016). Consumer adoption of cloud computing services in Germany: Investigation of moderating effects by applying an UTAUT model. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 8(1), 14-32. Mostakhdemin-Hosseini, A., & Mustajärvi, J. (2003). Framework for mobile learning system based on education component, Proceedings of the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Mathematical and Informatics (ICTAMI) (pp. 191-196). Alba Iulia: Department of Mathematics and Informatics. Motlik, S. (2008). Mobile learning in developing nations. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(2), 1-7. Munienge, M., & Muhandji, K. (2012). The use of ICT in education: A comparison of traditional pedagogy and emerging pedagogy enabled by ICT’s. Paper presented at the 2012 World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Applied Computing (WORLDCOMP’12). Retrieved from http://worldcomp-proceedings.com/proc/p2012/FEC2651.pdf Naemah Abdul Wahab, Jamal Othman, & Saiful Nizam Warris. (2016). Blended learning in higher education: An overview. e-Academia Journal UiTMT, 5(2), 115-122. Nagrajan, K. (2012, March 1). MCMC to build more than 800 new rural mobile towers in 2012. Retrieved from http://malaysiatelecommunications. blogspot.my/2012/03/ Napaporn Kripanont. (2007). Examining a technology acceptance model of internet usage by academics within Thai business schools. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from http://vuir.vu.edu.au/1512/1/Kripanont.pdf Nasri, W., & Charfeddine, L. (2012). An exploration of facebook.com adoption in Tunisia using technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of reasoned action (TRA). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(5), 948-968. Nguyen, T. D. N., & Aoyama, A. (2015). The impact of cultural differences on technology transfer: Management practice moderation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 26(7), 926-954. Nik Mastura Nik Mohammad, Mohd Nor Mamat, & Posiah Mohd Isa. (2009, Dec). M-learning in Malaysia: Challenges and strategies. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on e-Learning (ICEL), Shah Alam, Malaysia. Nistor, N., Gogus, A., & Lerche, T. (2013). Educational technology acceptance across national and professional cultures: A European study. Education Technology Research and Development, 61(4), 733-749. Nor Aziah Alias, & Haziah Jamaludin. (2005). The aches of online distance learning: A synthesis of three Malaysian studies. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 48-54. Norlina Mohd Sabri, Norulhidayah Isa, Nik Marsyahariani Nik Daud, & Azlan Abdul Aziz. (2010, Dec). Lecturers' experience in implementing blended learning using i-learn. Paper presented at the International Conference on Science and Social research (CSSR), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Normah Mustaffa, Faridah Ibrahim, Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud, Fauziah Ahmad, Chang, P. K., & Maizatul Haizan Mahbob. (2011). Diffusion of innovations: The adoption of facebook among youth in Malaysia. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 16(3), 1-15. Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the "laws" of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 625-632. Norsaniah Mohd Noh, Posiah Mohd Isa, Siti Akmar Abu Samah, Norzaidah Md Noh, & Mohd Ali Mohd Isa. (2012). Establishing an organisational e-learning culture to motivate lecturers to engage in e-learning in UiTM. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 436-443. Nurmaisara Za’ba, Mohd Nor Mamat, Mohd Ali Mohd Isa, Azlan Abd Aziz, Prasanna Ramakrisnan, & Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain. (2012). A comparative study among selected global standards: i-Learn as a case study Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 476-483. Nyiri, K. (2008). Towards a philosophy of the mobile information society. In Wittgenstein and the Philosophy of Information, Proceedings of the 30th International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium (pp. 149-163). Ontos Verlag, Frankfurt: University of Southampton. Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., & Thorbjornsen, H. (2005). Intentions to use mobile services: Antecedents and cross-service comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(3), 330-346. Oboegbulem, A. J., & Godwin, O. (2013). Application of ICT (information and communication technology) in the management of universities in the North-Central State of Nigeria. US-China Education Review, 3(3), 187-194. Ong, C. S., & Lai, J. Y. (2006). Gender differences in perceptions and relationships among dominants of e-learning acceptance. Computers in Human Behaviour, 22(5), 816-829. Ozdamli, F., & Cavus, N. (2011). Basic elements and characteristics of mobile learning. Social and Behavioural Sciences, 28, 937-942. Park, B. (2006). How to increase the adoption and utilization of m-learning? In T. Reeves & S. Yamashita (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education (ELEARN) (pp. 2271-2276). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computers in Education (AACE). Park, N. (2005, May). User acceptance of e-learning in higher education: An application of the technology acceptance model. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Annual Conference, New York, U.S. Retrieved from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/ p14794_index.html Park, S. Y. (2009). An analysis of the technology acceptance model in understanding university students' behavioural intention to use e-learning. Educational Technology & Society, 12(3), 150-162. Park, Y. (2011). A pedagogical framework for mobile learning: Categorizing educational applications of mobile technologies into four types. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(2), 78-102. Parsons, D., Ryu, H., & Cranshaw, M. (2007). A design requirements framework for mobile learning environments. Journal of Computer, 2(4), 1-8. Pejabat Bendahari. (2010). Amanat bendahari tahun 2010. Retrieved from http://www.bendahari.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/BORANG/AMANAT/amanat%20bendahari%20tahun%202010.pdf Pejabat Pendaftar (2013). Perancangan Strategik Sumber Manusia Universiti Teknologi MARA 2013-2015. Shah Alam Selangor: Unit Percetakan Universiti Teknologi MARA. Persico, D., Manca, S., & Pozzi., F. (2014). Adapting the technology acceptance model to evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems. Computers in Human Behaviour, 30, 614-622. Pirasteh, P., & Mirzaeian, V. R. (2015). The effect of short message service (SMS) on Iranian EFL learners' attitude toward learning English. Language in India, 15(2), 113-131. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioural research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. Posiah Mohd Isa, Siti Akmar Abu Samah, & Kamaruzaman Jusoff. (2008). Inculcating values and ethics in higher education e-learning drive: UiTM i-learn user policy. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2(2), 113-117. Prensky, M. (2005). What can you learn from a cell phone? Almost anything! Innovate, 1(5). Retrieved from http://innovateonline.info/pdf/vol1_issue5/ What_Can_You_Learn_from_a_Cell_Phone_Almost_Anything!.pdf Pritchett, C. C., Wohleb, E. C., & Pritchett, C. G. (2013). Educators' perceived importance of web 2.0 technology applications. TechTrends, 57(2), 33-38. Punnoose, A. C. (2012). Determinants of intention to use eLearning based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 11, 301-337. Rafizah Kechil, Azlina Mohd Mydin, Wan Anisha Wan Mohammad, & Zuraira Libasin. (2017). The impact of blended learning (BL) in UiTM cawangan Pulau Pinang. International Academic Research Journal of Social Science, 3(1), 239-244. Raja Abdullah Yaacob, Adnan Jamaluddin, & Kamaruzaman Jusoff. (2011). Flexible learning programme (FLP) in Universiti Teknologi MARA: New opportunities for Malaysian higher education and training. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 3(10), 199-208. Ramayah, T., & Norazah Mohd Suki. (2006). Intention to use mobile PC among MBA students: Implications for technology integration in the learning curriculum. UNITAR E-Journal, 2(2), 30-39. Ramayah, T., Yusliza Mohd.Yusoff, Norzalila Jamaludin, & Amlus Ibrahim. (2009). Applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict internet tax filing intentions. International Journal of Management, 26(2), 272-284. Ramirez-Correa, P. E., Arenas-Gaitan, J., & Rondan-Cataluna, F. J. (2015). Gender and acceptance of e-learning: A multi-group analysis based on a structural equation model among college students in Chile and Spain. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1-17. Ranjit Kumar. (2011). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications. Raykov, T. & Marcoulides, G. A. (2008). An introduction to applied multivariate analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. RealityMine. (2015, August 18). How mobile use varies across generations. Retrieved from http://www.realitymine.com/mobile-use-varies-across-generations/ Reinders, H. (2010). Twenty ideas for using mobile phones in the language classroom. English Teaching Forum, 3, 20-33. Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Criteria for scale selection and evaluation. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Retrieved from http://www.radford.edu/~jaspelme/611/Spring-2007/Robinson_Shaver_and_Wrightsman_1991_Ch1.pdf Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York NY: Free Press. Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2009). Diffusion of innovations. In D. W. Stacks & M. B. Salwen (Eds.), An integrated approach to communication theory and research (2nd ed.) (pp. 418-420). New York NY: Routledge. Rudito, P. (2010). An investigation into the role of moderating variables on mobile broadband technology acceptance in Indonesia RMIT University. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from https://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:160736/Rudito.pdf Rugayah Hashim, Hashim Ahmad, & Che Zainab Abdullah. (2010). Antecedents of ICT attitudes of distance education students. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology TOJET, 9(1), 28-36. Ruhil Hayati Hashim, Jamaliah Abdul Hamid, Mohd Hassan Selamat, Hamidah Ibrahim, Rusli Abdullah, & Mohd Ghazali Mohayidin. (2006). Using algorithmic taxonomy to evaluate lecturer workload. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 7(2). Retrieved from http://www.tlainc.com/ articl115.htm Saadé, R., & Kira, D. (2006). The emotional state of technology acceptance. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 3, 529-539. Saadé, R., Nebebe, F., & Tan, W. (2007). Viability of the technology acceptance model in multimedia learning environments: A comparative study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects, 3, 175-184. Sahin, I. (2006). Detailed review of Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory and educational technology-related studies based on Rogers' theory. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology TOJET, 5(2), 14-23. Sahol Hamid Abu Bakar. (2014). Being an entrepreneurial university: Lessons learnt from Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.swansea.ac.uk/media/ SAHOL%20HAMID%20ABU%20BAKAR.pdf Saleem, T. A. (2011). Mobile learning technology: A new step in e-learning. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 34(2), 125-137. Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York NY: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (6th ed.). West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. Selvaraj Grapragasem, Anbalagan Krishnan, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2014). Current trends in Malaysian higher education and the effect on education policy and practice: An overview. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), 85-93. Seppälä, P., & Alamäki, H. (2003). Mobile learning in teacher training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19, 330 - 335. Seyal A. H., Mohd Noah A. Rahman, Rudy Ramlie, & Armanadurni Abdul Rahman. (2015). A preliminary study of students' attitude on m-learning: An application of technology acceptance model. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 5(8), 609-614. Shamsul Arrieya Ariffin. (2011, Jan). Mobile learning in the institution of higher learning for Malaysia students: Culture perspectives. Paper presented at the International Scientific Conference 2011, Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia. Sharples, M., Taylor, J., & Vavoula, G. (2005). Towards a theory of mobile learning. Paper presented at the 4th World Conference on mLearning, Cape Town, South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.mlearn.org.za/ CD/papers/Sharples-%20Theory%20of%20Mobile.pdf Shen, R., Wang, M., & Pan, X. (2008). Increasing interactivity in blended classrooms through a cutting-edge mobile learning system. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 1073-1086. Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 325-343. Shih, Y. E. (2007). Dynamic language learning: Comparing mobile language learning with online language learning. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest (3263159). Shih, Y. E., & Mills, D. (2007). Setting the new standard with mobile computing in online learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-16. Shohel, M. M. C., & Power, T. (2010). Introducing mobile technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: Teacher perspectives. Open Learning, 25(3), 201–215. Singh, K., & Sandhu, H. (2006, Sept). E-learning as an enabler of effective teaching and learning for the knowledge society. Paper presented at the 6th South East Asian Association for Institutional Research (SEEAIR) Annual Conference, Langkawi, Malaysia. Singh, P., Puzziawati Abdul Ghani, & Teoh, S. H. (2009). Quantitative data analysis for novice researchers. Kuala Lumpur: Primera Publishing. Sølvberg, A. M., & Rismark, M. (2012). Learning spaces in mobile learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 13(23), 23-23. Son, C., Lee, Y., & Park, S. (2004). Toward new definition of m-learning. In G. Richards (Ed.) Proceedings of the World Conference on e-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare and Higher Education (E-LEARN) (pp. 2137-2140). Chesapeake VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Songpol Kulviwat, Bruner II, G. C., & Neelankavil, J. P. (2014). Self-efficiency as an antecedent of cognition and affect in technology acceptance. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 31(3), 190-199. Statista. (2016). Number of smartphone users in Malaysia from 2014 to 2019 (in millions)*. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/494587/ smartphone- users-in-malaysia/ Sujeet Kumar Sharma, & Jyoti Kumar Chandel (2013). Technology acceptance model for the use of learning through websites among students in Oman. International Arab Journal of e-Technology, 3(1), 44-49. Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr., A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541-542. Sun, H., & Zhang, P. (2006). The role of moderating factors in user technology acceptance. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64, 53-78. Supyan Hussin, Mohd Radzi Manap, Zaini Amir, & Krish, P. (2012). Mobile learning readiness among Malaysian students in higher learning institutions. Asian Social Science, 8(12), 276-283. Surbhi, S. (2016, May 5). Difference between null and alternative hypothesis. Retrieved from http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-null-and-alternative-hypothesis.html Syed Jamal Abdul Nasir, Mohd Rashidee Alwi, & Jamaliah Said. (2007, July). An evaluation of e-learning program: A case study at Institute of Education Development. Paper presented at Conference on Scientific & Social Research, Sunway Lagoon Resort Hotel, Malaysia. Syvanen, A., Nokelainen, P., Pehkonen, M., & Turunen, H. (2004). Mobile learning future views. In L. Cantoni & C. McLoughlin (Eds.), Proceedings for the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EDMEDIA) (pp. 2112-2118). Vancouver, Canada: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Tai, Y., & Ting, Y. L. (2011). Adoption of mobile technology for language learning: Teacher attitude and challenges. The Jalt Call Journal 7(1), 3-18. Tan, C. K., Lee, K. W., & Ng, S. H. (2012, Sept). Mobile learning readiness of undergraduates in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Mobile Learning, Applications and Services (mobilcase20), Melaka, Malaysia. Tan, G. W. H., Ooi, K. B., Sim, J. J., & Kongkiti Phusawat. (2012). Determinants of mobile learning adoption: An empirical analysis. Journal of Computer Information Systems, Spring 2012, 82-91. Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu X. (2013). Factors affecting students' acceptance of e-learning environments in developing countries: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(1), 54-59. Tarhini, A., Hone, K., Liu X. (2014). The effects of individual differences on e-learning users’ behaviour in developing countries: A structural equation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 153-163. Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6, 144-176. Teo, T. S. H., & Pok, S. H. (2003). Adoption of WAP-enabled mobile phones among internet users. Omega, 31, 483-498. Teo, T., & Zhou, M. (2014). Explaining the intention to use technology among university students: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26(2), 124-142. Theng, Y. (2009). Mobile learning for tertiary students: An exploratory study of acceptance of use. In G. Siemens & C. Fulford (Eds.), Proceedings for the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EDMEDIA) (pp. 937-946). Vancouver, Canada: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Thornton, P., & Houser, C. (2005). Using mobile phones in English education in Japan. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 217-228. Tolentino, M. N. (2011). University web portals as information management tool: Technology acceptance dimension. International Journal of Management & Information Systems, 15(3), 31-40. Traxler, J., & Vosloo, S. (2014). Introduction: The prospects for mobile learning. Prospects, 44, 13-28. Trifonova, A., & Ronchetti, M. (2003, Nov). A general architecture for m-learning. Retrieved from http://eprints.biblio.unitn.it/archive/00000493/01/A_General _Architecture_for_M-Learning_m-ICTE2003_.pdf Tselios, N., Daskalakis, S., & Papadopoulou, M. (2011). Assessing the acceptance of a blended learning university course. Educational Technology & Society, 14(2), 224-235. Universiti Teknologi MARA. (2012). University profile. Retrieved from http://www.uitm.edu.my/index.php/en/about-uitm/uitm-profile-and-history/ university-profile Universiti Teknologi MARA. (2014). Teaching portfolio – A handbook for UiTM academic staff. Retrieved from http://hea.uitm.edu.my/v1/images/stories/ acad_dev_mgt/teaching_portfolio/teaching%20portfolio%20pdf.pdf Upadhyay, P., & Jaiswal, U. C. (2014). E-learning, learning and m-learning: An e-learning approach - a survey. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 3(4), 856-860. Ursavas, O. F. (2015). The influence of hedonic and utilitarian motivations on teachers behavioural intention to use tablet PC. Education and Science, 40(179), 25-43. Valk, J. H., Rashid, A. T., & Elder, L. (2010). Using mobile phones to improve educational outcomes: An analysis of evidence from Asia. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(1), 117-140. van Biljon, J., & Kotze, P. (2008). Cultural factors in a mobile phone adoption and usage model. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 14(16), 2650-2679. Venkatesh, B., Nargundkar, R., Sayed, F. K., & Shahaida, P. (2006). Assessing Indian students' perceptions towards m-learning: Some initial conclusions. International Journal of Mobile Marketing, 1(2), 75-79. Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information Systems Research, 11(4), 342-365. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186 - 204. Venkatesh, V., & Morris, M. G. (2000). Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence and their role in technology acceptance and usage behaviour. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 115-139. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. Vogel, D., Kennedy, D., & Kwok, C. W. (2009). Does using mobile device applications lead to learning? Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 20(4), 469-485. Wang, H. Y., & Wang, A. H. (2010). User acceptance of mobile internet based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: Investigating the determinants and gender differences. Social Behaviour and Personality, 38(3), 415-426. Wang, M., Shen, R., Novak, D., & Pan, X. (2009). The impact of mobile learning on students' learning behaviours and performance: Report from a large blended classroom. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(4), 673 - 695. Wang, Y. S., Wu, M. C., & Wang, H. Y. (2009). Investigating the determinants and age and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 92-118. Weijters, B., Cabooter, E., & Schillewaert, N. (2010). The effect of rating scale format on response styles: The number of response categories and response category labels. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27, 236-247. Weng, L. J. (2004). Impact of the number of response categories and anchor labels on coefficient alpha and test-retest reliability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 956-972. Wikipedia (2015a). M-learning. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning Wikipedia (2015b). Universiti Teknologi MARA. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA Williams, J. (2010). The factors that influence faculty adoption of instructional technology: An adapted unified model. In J. Herrington, J.& B. Hunter, B. (Eds.), Proceedings for the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EDMEDIA) (pp. 854-859). Vancouver, Canada: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Williams, M., Rana, N., Dwivedi, Y., & Lal, B. (2011). Is UTAUT really used or just cited for the sake of it? A systematic review of citations of UTAUT's originating article. Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/ ecis2011/231 Windschitl, M., & Sahl, K. (2002). Tracing teachers' use of technology in a laptop computer school: The interplay of teachers’ beliefs, social dynamics and institutional culture. American Educational Research Journal, 39, 165-205. Wishart, C. (2009). The future of mobile learning: The paradigm pioneers of pedagogy. In R. Guy (Ed.), The evolution of mobile teaching and learning (pp. 271-290). Santa Rosa, California: Informing Science Press. Wong, K. T., Rosma Osman, Goh, P. S. C., & Mohd Khairezan Rahmat. (2013). Understanding student teachers' behavioural intention to use technology: Technology acceptance model validation and testing. International Journal of Instruction, 6(1), 89-104. Wong, S. L., & Teo, T. (2008, Oct). Predicting technology acceptance among student teachers in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling approach. Paper presented at the 16th International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE), Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved from http://www.apsce.net/ICCE2008/papers/ICCE2008-paper21.pdf Yuen, A. J. K., & Ma, W. W. K. (2004). Knowledge sharing and teacher acceptance of web based learning system. In R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Dwyer & R. Phillips (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference (pp. 975-983). Perth, Australia: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE). Zainudin Awang. (2010). Research methodology for business & social science. Shah Alam: University Publication Centre (UPENA). Zainudin Awang. (2012). A handbook on SEM structural equation modeling: SEM using AMOS graphic. Shah Alam: University Publication Centre (UPENA). Zakour, A. B. (2004). Cultural differences and information technology acceptance. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Southern Association for Information Systems (SAIS) (pp. 156-161). Georgia, U.S. Retrieved from http://sais.aisnet.org/sais2004/Zakour.pdf Zanjan, F. V. M., & Ramazani, M. (2013). Investigation of e-learning acceptance in teaching English language based on TAM model. Scholarly Journal of Education, 2(2), 18-21. Zarlina Mohd Zamari, Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan, Sheema Liza Idris, & Johana Yusof. (2012). Students’ perception of using online language learning materials. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 611-620. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business research methods (8th ed.). South-Western: Cengage Learning.

Mobile technology acceptance among English language academic at Universiti Teknologi MARA

Similar Items