Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Good aquaculture management practices and efficient production activity that take into account socio-economic and environmental aspects are crucial to achieve sustainable aquaculture development and to ensure the continuation of national food security. The objectives of this study are to identify th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Rozana, Samah
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2017
Subjects:
SH Aquaculture
Fisheries
Angling
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/1/s94577_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/2/s94577_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7089
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Kamaruddin, Roslina
Lim, Hock Eam
topic SH Aquaculture
Fisheries
Angling
spellingShingle SH Aquaculture
Fisheries
Angling
Rozana, Samah
Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
description Good aquaculture management practices and efficient production activity that take into account socio-economic and environmental aspects are crucial to achieve sustainable aquaculture development and to ensure the continuation of national food security. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of aquaculture production, determine the level of good aquaculture management practices, analyze the technical efficiency of aquaculture production, and estimate the impact of good aquaculture management practices on the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production. A survey on 121 brackishwater and freshwater pond aquaculture farmers in Kedah and Pulau Pinang, Malaysia was conducted to obtain data and information. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to estimate the technical efficiency score of aquaculture production. Tobit regression model was used to identify the impact of good aquaculture management practices on technical efficiency of aquaculture production. Results reveal that average aquaculture production of freshwater pond was higher than brackishwater pond culture system. However, the level of good aquaculture management practices and the level of technical efficiency among freshwater pond farmers were lower than brackishwater pond farmers. The aspects of seed, food, health and postharvest managements are significant factors influencing the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production in the study area. This study clearly exhibits the importance of good aquaculture management practices in increasing the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production. Thus, measures such as enforcement and encouragement towards good aquaculture management practices need to be intensified to increase the level of good aquaculture management practices among farmers. This is very important to ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture in Malaysia.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Rozana, Samah
author_facet Rozana, Samah
author_sort Rozana, Samah
title Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
title_short Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
title_full Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
title_fullStr Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
title_sort amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri kedah dan pulau pinang, malaysia
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department School of Economics, Finance & Banking
publishDate 2017
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/1/s94577_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/2/s94577_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828157024567296
spelling my-uum-etd.70892021-08-18T06:29:36Z Amalan pengurusan akuakultur baik dan kecekapan teknikal sistem ternakan kolam di negeri Kedah dan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2017 Rozana, Samah Kamaruddin, Roslina Lim, Hock Eam School of Economics, Finance & Banking School of Economics, Finance and Banking SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Good aquaculture management practices and efficient production activity that take into account socio-economic and environmental aspects are crucial to achieve sustainable aquaculture development and to ensure the continuation of national food security. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of aquaculture production, determine the level of good aquaculture management practices, analyze the technical efficiency of aquaculture production, and estimate the impact of good aquaculture management practices on the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production. A survey on 121 brackishwater and freshwater pond aquaculture farmers in Kedah and Pulau Pinang, Malaysia was conducted to obtain data and information. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to estimate the technical efficiency score of aquaculture production. Tobit regression model was used to identify the impact of good aquaculture management practices on technical efficiency of aquaculture production. Results reveal that average aquaculture production of freshwater pond was higher than brackishwater pond culture system. However, the level of good aquaculture management practices and the level of technical efficiency among freshwater pond farmers were lower than brackishwater pond farmers. The aspects of seed, food, health and postharvest managements are significant factors influencing the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production in the study area. This study clearly exhibits the importance of good aquaculture management practices in increasing the level of technical efficiency of aquaculture production. Thus, measures such as enforcement and encouragement towards good aquaculture management practices need to be intensified to increase the level of good aquaculture management practices among farmers. This is very important to ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture in Malaysia. 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/1/s94577_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7089/2/s94577_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Adinya, I. B., Offem, B. O., & Ikpi, G. U. (2011). Application of a stochastic frontier production function for measurement and comparison of technical efficiency of mandarin fish and clown fish production in lowlands reservoirs, ponds and dams of cross river state, Nigeria. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(3), 595-600. Aigner D. J., Lovell C. A. K., & Schmidt P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6, 21-37. Ajoa, A. (2012). Determinants of technical efficiency differentials among concrete and earthen pond operators in Oyo State. British Journal Publishing, Inc., 4 (2), 195–208. Alam, M. F., & Jahan, K. M. (2008). Resource allocation efficiency of the prawncarp farmers in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 12 (3), 188–206. Alam, M. F. (2011). Measuring technical, allocative and cost efficiency of pangas (pangasius hypophthalmus: sauvage 1878) fish farmers in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Research, 42 (10), 1487–1500. Alam, M. F., Khan, M. A., & Anwarul Huq, A. S. M. (2012). Technical efficiency in tilapia farming of Bangladesh: A stochastic frontier production approach. Aquacult Int., 20, 619-634. Ali, M. H., Azad, M. A. K., Anisuzzaman, M., Chowdhury, M. M. R., Hoque, M., & Shariful, M. I. (2010). Livelihood status of the fish farmers in some selected areas of tarakanda upazila of Mymensingh district. J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (2), 85-89. Alvarez, A., & Arias, C. (2004). Technical efficiency and farm size: A conditional analysis. Agricultural Economics, 30, 241-250. Amankwah, A., & Quagrainie, K. K. (2013). Impact of aquaculture best management practices adoption on technical efficiency of Kenyan fish farms: A stochastic frontier analysis. Kertas dibentangkan di Aquaculture 2013, Nashville, TN. Ansah, Y. B., & Frimpong, E. A. (2015). Impact of the adoption of BMPs on social welfare: A case study of commercial floating feeds for pond culture of tilapia in Ghana. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 1:1048579. Anuar, D. (2009). Ternakan ikan tilapia. Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Arita, S., & Leung, P. S. (2014). A technical efficiency analysis of Hawaii‟s aquaculture industry. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 45 (3), 312-321. Asche F., & Roll K. H. (2013). Determinants of inefficiency in Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Aquac. Econ. Manag. 17, 300–321. Bagul, H. (2010). Plans and policies analysis for aquaculture sector in Malaysia: The path towards sustainability, Annual Seminar on Marine Science & Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1996). An investigation of technical inefficiencies of production of wheat farmers in four districts of Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 47, 37-49. Battese, G. E., & Corra, G. S. (1977). Estimation of a production frontier model: with application to the pastoral zone of eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 21, 169-179. Bauer, P. W., Berger, A. N., Ferrier, G. D., & Humphrey, D. B. (1998). Consistency conditions for regulatory analysis of financial institutions: A comparison of frontier efficiency methods. Journal of Economics and Business, 50, 85-114. Bernadette, C. C. (2011). Determinant of tehnical efficiency in smallholder Sorghum Farming in Zambia (Tesis Master). The Ohio State University. Bhattacharya, P. (2005). Technical efficiency of shrimp farming: a comparative analysis of traditional vs. scientific shrimp farming in West Bengal. Di akses daripada http://medcontent.metapress.com/index/ A65RM03P4874243N.pdf. Boomsma, A. (1983). On the robustness of LISREL (maximum likelihood estimation against small sample size and nonnormality: Amsterdam Sociometric Research Foundation (Disertasi Doktoral). University of Groningen, Netherlands. Boyd, C. E, & Munsri, P. (1996). Phosphorous adsorption capacity and availability of added phosphorous in soil from aquaculture areas in Thailand. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 27, 160-167. Boyd, C. E. (1999). Codes of practice for responsible shrimp farming. Global Aquaculture Alliance: St. Louis. Boyd, C. E., & Schmittou, H. R. (1999). Achievement of sustainable aquaculture through environmental management. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 3 (1), 59-69. Boyd, C. E., & Wood, C. W. (2000). Aquaculture best management practices as a possible focus for future (PD/A CRSP RESEARCH). Boyd, C. E., Haws, M. C., & Green, B. W. (2001). Improving shrimp mariculture in Latin America: Good management practices (GMP) to reduce environmental impacts and improve efficiency of shrimp aquaculture in Latin America and an assessment of practices in the Honduran shrimp industry. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island. Boyd, C. E. (2003). Guidelines for aquaculture effluent management at the farmlevel. Aquaculture, 226 (1), 101-112. Bravo, E. B., & Pinheiro, E. A. (1997). Technical, economic, and allocative efficiency in peasant farming: Evidence from the Dominican Republic. The Developing Economies, 34, 48-67. Bush, S. R., Belton, B., Hall, D., Vandergeest, P., Murray, F. J., Ponte, S., Oosterveer, P., Islam, M. S., Mol, A. P. J., Hatanaka, M., Kruijssen, F., Ha, T. T. T., Little, D. C., & Kusumawati, R. (2013). Certify sustainable aquaculture? Di akses daripada www.sciencemag.org. Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429–444. Cheah, K. G., & Roshada, H. (2005). Diffusing science and technology benefits for rural development, Prosiding Tun Razak Foundation Forum: New Challenges facing Rural Development and Poverty Eradication, 29-30 March 2005. Chiona, S. (2011). Technical and allocative efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Zambia. (Tesis Master). University Of Zambia, Lusaka. Chirwa, E. W. (2003). Sources of technical efficiency among smallholder maize farmers in Southern Malawi (Kertas Kerja Wadonda Consult WC/01/03). Cinemre, H. A., Ceyhan, V., Bozoglu, M., Demiryurek, K., & Kilic, O. (2006). The cost efficiency of trout farms in the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Aquaculture, 251(2), 324–332. Coelli, T. J. (1995). Recent development in frontier modelling and efficiency measurement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 39(3), 219-245. Coelli, T. J. (1996). A guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A data envelopment analysis (computer) program (CEPA Working Paper 96/08). Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale. Coelli, T., & Battese, G. E. (1996). Identification of factors which influence the technical inefficiency of indian farmers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 40 (2), 103-128. Coelli, T., Rao, D. S. P. & Battese, G. E. (1998). Introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., O‟Donnell, C. J., & Battese, G. E. (2005). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. New York, USA: Springer. Crentsil, C., & Essilfie, F. L. (2014). Measurement of technical efficiency of smallholder fish production in Ghana: A stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 6 (5), 203-211. Davenport, T., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Deb, A. K. (1998). Fake blue revolution: environmental and socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 41, 63-68. Debertin, D. L. (2012). Agricultural Production Economics. Pearson Education (Edisi Kedua). Debreu, G. (1951). The coefficient of resource utilization. Econometrica, 19 (3), 273-292. De Silva, S. S., & Anderson, T. A. (1995). Fish Nutrition In Aquaculture. London: Chapman And Hall. Dey, M. M., Briones, R. M., Garcia, Y. T., Nissapa, A., Rodriguez, U. P., Talukder, R. K., Senaratne, A., Omar, I. H., Koeshendrajana, S., Khiem, N. T., Yew, T. S., Weimin, M., Jayakody, D. S., Kumar, P., Bhatta, R., Haque, M. S., Rab, M. A., Chen, O. L., Luping, L., & Paraguas, F. J. (2008). Strategies and options for increasing and sustaining fisheries and aquaculture production to benefit poorer households in Asia (World Fish Center Studies and Reviews No. 1823). The World Fish Center, Penang, Malaysia. Dhuyvetter, K. C., Morris, C. H., & Kastens, T. L. (2011). Management factors: What is important, prices, yielda, costs, or technology adoption? Di akses daripada http://www.agmanager.info. Dixon, H. (1997). Environmental code of practice for the shrimp farming industry of Belize (Memographed manuscript). Donovan, D. J. (1997). Draft environmental code of practice for Australian prawn farmers. East Brisbane, Queensland: Kuruma Australia Pty. Ltd. Drewis, E. (1987). Socio-economic, bio-environmental, and bio-technical aspects of aquaculture in rural development (Repot Projek FAO, No.1). Edward, E. O., & Henry, D. A. (2010). Frontier analysis of aquaculture in the southern sector of Ghana. World Applied Sciences Journal, 9 (7), 826-835. Ekunwe, P., & Emokaro, C. (2009). Technical efficiency of catfish farmers in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5 (7), 802–805. El-Sayed, A. F. M. (2006). Tilapia culture. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing. Engle, C.R., & Valderrama, D. (2004). Economic effects of implementing selected components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for semi-intensive shrimp farms in Honduras. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 8, 157–177. Engle, C. R., & Wossink, A. (2008). Economics of aquaculture better management practices. Dalam Tucker, C.S. & Hargreaves, J. A. (eds): Envinromental Best Management Practices for Aquaculture. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. Esobhawan, A. (2010). Economic efficiency of aquaculture production in Edo State, Nigeria. Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. FAO (2012a). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Di akses daripada http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf. FAO (2012b). National aquaculture sector overview Malaysia. Di akses daripada http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_ malaysia/en. FAO (2013). Global aquaculture production statistics for the year 2011. Di akses daripada www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf. FAO (2014). Fao global aquaculture production volume and value statistics database. Di akses dari http://ftp.fao.org/fi/stat/Overviews/ AquacultureStatistics2012.pdf. FAO (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200. Di akses daripada http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf. Fare, R., & Lovell, C. A. K. (1987). Measuring the technical efficiency of production. Journal of Economic Theory, 19, 150–162. Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., & Lovell, C. A. K. (1994). Production Frontiers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal Of The Royal Statistical Society, 120 (3), 253-281. Fariduddin, O. (2006). Challenges ahead in meeting aquaculture production in malaysia under the third national agricultural policy, NAP3 (1998-2010) (Brackish Water Aquaculture Research Centre [BARC]). Ministry of Agricultural and Agro-Based Industry. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia. Flavio, C., Simon, F. S., & Jesper, C. (2007). A qualitative assessment of standards and certification schemes applicable to aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region (RAP Publication 2007/25). Fousekis, P., Spathis, P., & Tsimboukas, K. (2001). Asessing the efficiency of sheep farming in mountainous areas of greece. a non paramentric approach. Di akses daripada http://www.eng.auth.gr/mattas/2_2_1.pdf. Fried H., Lovell, K., & Schmidt, S. (1993). The measurement of productive efficiency. New York: Oxford University Press. Fried, H., Lovell, K., & Schmidt, S. (editors) (2008). The measurement of productive efficiency and productivity growth. New York: Oxford University Press. Frimpong, E. A., Ansah, Y. B., Amisah, S., Adjei-Boateng, D., Agbo, N. W., & Egna, H. (2014). Effects of two environmental best management practices on pond water and effluent quality and growth of nile tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus . Sustainability, 6, 652-675, doi:10.3390/su6020652. Fu-Sung, C., Chin-Hwa, S., & Jin-Mey, Y. (2004). Technical efficiency analysis of milkfish (chanis chanos) production in Taiwan- An application of the stochastic frontier production function. Aquaculture, 230, 99-116. Galanopoulos, K., & Aggelopoulos, S. (2006). Assessing the effects of managerial and production practices on the efficiency of commercial pig farming. Agricultural, 88 (2-3), 125–141. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2005.03.002. Gazi, M. N. I., Tai, S. Y., & Kusairi, M. N. (2014). Technical efficiency analysis of shrimp farming in Peninsular Malaysia: a stochastic frontier production approach. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 9 (2): 103-112. Ghosh, A. K., Sarkar, S., Bir, J., Islam, S. S., Huq, K. A., & Naser, M. N. (2013). Probiotic tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) farming at different stocking densities and its impact on production and economics. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3 (2), 25–29. Greene, W. H. (1997). Frontier Production Functions. In Pesaran, M. H., & Shmidt, P., editors, Handbook of Applied Econometrics, volume II: Microeconometrics. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Gujarati, D. N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hairston, J. E., Kown, S., Meetze, J., Norton, E. L., Dakes, P. L., Payne, V., & Rogers, K. M. (1995). Protecting water quality on Alabama farms. Alabama Soil and Water Conservation Committee, Montgomery. Hajek, B. F., & Boyd, C. E. (1994). Rating soil and water information for aquaculture. Aquacult. Engg., 13, 115-128. Hanafi, A., & Ahmad, T. (1999). Shrimp culture in Indonesia: Key sustainability and research issues. Dalam ACIAR Prosiding. Di akses daripada http://aciar.gov.au/system/files/node/2196/ pr90chapter11.pdf. Hartsfield, J. (2012). The importance of keeping good farm records. Di akses dari http://sampson.ces.ncsu.edu/2012/07/the-importance-of-keeping-good-farmrecords-4/. Hasan, M. R. (2007). Economics of aquaculture feeding practices in selected Asian countries (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 505). Rome. Hasan, M. R., Hecht, T., De Silva, S. S., & Tacon, A. G. J. (2007). Study and analysis of feeds and fertilizers for sustainable aquaculture development (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 497). Rome. Hashim, M., & Kathamuthu, S. (2005). Shrimp farming in Malaysia. Di akses daripada http://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/ 851. Hassanpour, B., Mansor, M. I., Zainalabidin, M., & Nitty, H. K. (2010). An analysis of productivity growth and factors influencing it in the iranian rainbow trout aquaculture. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4 (10), 5428-5440. Heidari, M. D., Omid, M., & Akram A. (2011). Using nonparametric analysis (DEA) for measuring technical efficiency in poultry farms. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Sciences, 13 (4), 271-277. Hussain, O., Rebecca, A. O. & Wosilat, A. (2012). Productivity and technical efficiency of fish farming in Lagos State continental. J. Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 6 (2), 8–15. Huy, D. H. X. (2009). Technical efficiency analysis for commercial black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) aquaculture farms in Nha Trang City, Vietnam (Tesis Master). University of Tromso, Norway & Nha Trang University, Vietnam. Ifejika, P. I., Ayanda, J. O., & Sule, A. M. (2007). Socio-economic variables affecting aquaculture production practices in Borgu local government areas of Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social research (JASR), 7:2, 20-29. Iliyasu, A., Mohamed, Z. A., Ismail, M. M., Amin, A. M., & Mazuki, H. (2014). Technical efficiency of cage fish farming in Peninsular Malaysia: A stochastic frontier production approach. Aquaculture Research, 1-13, doi:10.1111/are12474. Iliyasu, A., & Mohamed, Z. A. (2015). Technical efficiency of tank culture systems in Peninsular Malaysia: An application of data envelopment analysis. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 19:4, 372-386, doi:10.1080/13657305.2015.1082118. Iliyasu, A., & Mohamed, Z. A. (2016). Evaluating contextual factors affecting the technical efficiency of freshwater pond culture systems in Peninsular Malaysia: A two-stage DEA approach. Aquaculture Reports, 3, 12–17. Iliyasu, A., Mohamed, Z. A., & Terano, R. (2016). Comparative analysis of technical efficiency for different production culture system and species of freshwater aquaculture in Peninsular Malaysia. Aquaculture Reports, 3, 51-57. Irwan, S. I. (2016). AS larang import udang Semenanjung. BH Online. Di akses daripada www.bharian.com.my. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2012). Indikator pertanian terpilih 2012. Akses dari http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_ Agriculture/files/Selected_Agricultural_ Indicators_Malaysia_2012.pdf. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2015). Indikator pertanian terpilih 2015. Akses dari https://www.statistics.gov.my/index.php?r= column/pdfPrev&id=bnR4ZFJnbXVOQmt6TDhNNmh 3M0Y5dz09. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. (1985). Kursus akuakultura air payau untuk penternak. Keluaran Cawangan Pengembangan Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. (2011). Perangkaan perikanan tahunan 2011. Di akses daripada http://www.dof.gov.my/documents/10157/57de2975- 8f8c-4c6c-8440-8403a9d1f5c3. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. (2013a). Cabaran industri udang laut. Berita Perikanan 2013, 85, 1-28. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. (2013b). Kod amalan akuakultur: Ternakan udang laut di Malaysia. Cawangan Komunikasi, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. (2014). Perangkaan tahunan perikanan 2014. Akses dari https://www.dof.gov.my/epms/dof2/resources/ Perangkaan/Perangkaan%202014/2014%20baru/1. Penulisan_.pdf. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia (2015). Insentif galakan pengeluaran akuakultur. Di akses daripada http://www.dof.gov.my/index.php/pages/ view/300. Jaydev, M., & Sib Ranjan, M. (2014). Technical efficiency of fish farms in West Bengal: nature, extent and implications. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 27 (2), 221-232. Kaliba, A. R., & Engle, C. R. (2006). Productive efficiency of catfish farms in Chicot County, Arkansas. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 10 (3), 223-243. Kamal M., Rahman, M. M., Yasmin, L., Ahmed S. U., & Islam, M. N. (2000). Studies on the post-mortem changes in shrimp and prawn during ice storage: II. biochemical aspects of quality changes. Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 4, 91-96. Kementerian Pertanian & Industri Asas Tani Malaysia. (2011). Dasar agromakanan negara 2011-2020. Di akses daripada http://medcontent.metapress.com. Koopmans, T. C. (1951). An analysis of production as an efficient combination of activities. Dalam Koopmans, T. C., editor, Activity analysis of production and allocation. JhonWiley and Sons, Inc. Kumar, A., Birthal, P. S., & Badruddin (2004). Technical efficiency in shrimp farming in India: Estimation and implication. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59 (3), 413-420. Kumar, B. G., Datta, K. K., Reddy, G. V., & Menon, M. (2010). Marketing system and efficiency of Indian Major Carps in India. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23 (1), 105-113. Kumbhaker, S. C., & Lovell C. A. K (2000). Stochastic frontier analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lazur, A. (2007). Growout pond and water quality management. Di akses daripada http://jifsan.umd.edu/pdf/gaqps_en/06 GAqPs Manual Ponds.pdf. Linuma, M., Sharma, K. R., & Lueng, P. (1999). Technical efficiency of carp pond culture in Peninsula Malaysia: An application of stochastic production frontier and technical efficiency model. Aquaculture, 175, 199-213. Lokugam, H. P. G., & Pingsun, L. (2000). Asian black tiger shrimp industry: A meta-production frontier analysis. A collection of research papers based on the ADB/NACA farm performance survey. pp: 55-68. Losordo, T. M., & Westers, H. (1994). System carrying capacity and flow estimation. Dalam Aquaculture water reuse systems: Engineering design and management. Timmons, M. B. & Losordo, T. M. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science 27. Marra, M., & Zering, K. (1996). Finding the “Best of the Best” in Water Quality BMPs: The Economist’s Viewpoint (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics Applied Resource Economics and Policy Group Publication AREP96-10). Martínez-Cordero, F. J., & Leung, P. S. (2004). Sustainable aquaculture and producer performance: Measurement of environmentally adjusted productivity and efficiency of a sample of shrimp farms in Mexico. Aquaculture, 241, 1-4, 249-268. Meeusen, W., & Van Den Broeck, J. (1977). Efficiency estimation from cobbdouglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18, 435-444. Miget, R. (2010). Shellfish handling practices: Shrimp and molluscs (SRAC Publication, 4902). MOA. (2013). MyGAP (Malaysian Good Agricultural Practices). Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry, Malaysia. Di akses daripada http://www.moa.gov.my/mygap. Mohanty, R. K. (1999). On farm studies on soil and sediment quality of shrimp ponds used for semi-intensive culture. J. Indian. Soc. Coastal Agric. Res., 17 (1 & 2), 202-205. Mustapha, N. H. N. (2011). Technical efficiency for rubber smallholders under Risda‟s supervisory system using stochastic frontier analysis. Journal of Sustainability Science, 6(1), 156–168. Nguyen, Q. C. T., & Yabe, M. (2014a). Shrimp poly-culture development and local livelihoods in Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, Vietnam. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6 (2), 1-14, doi: 10.5539/jas.v6n2p. Nguyen, Q.C.T., & Yabe, M. (2014b). Input cost saving and technical efficiency improvement in shrimp poly-culture production: An application of data envelopment analysis. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary,14 (2), 13-26. Ng, W. K., Teh, S. W., Chowdhury, K. M. A., & Bureau, D. P. (2013). On-farm feeding and feed management in tilapia aquaculture in Malaysia (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 583). Nik Abd Wahab, M. D. (1982). Menternak Ikan Siakap. Keluaran Cawangan Pengembangan Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. Bil.77. Nik Hashim, M. (1991). Ekonomi Pengeluaran Pertanian. Teori Dan Gunaan. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Nik Hashim, N. M., Azlina, A. A., & Nik Mohd, H. H. (2013). Technical efficiency in aquaculture industry using data envelopment analysis (DEA) window: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Science and Management, 8(2), 137-149. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company. How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Obasi, P. C., & Ukewuihe, I. S. (2013). Factors affecting agricultural productivity among arable crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. 3 (2), 443–454. Offem, B., & Ikpi, G. (2011). Stochastic frontier production function for measurement and comparision of technical efficiency of mandarin fish and clown fish production in Lowlands reservoirs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(3), 595–600. Ogunbadejo, H., Rebecca, A. O., & Wosilat A. A. (2012). Productivity and technical efficiency of fish farming in Lagos State. Continental J. Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6 (2), 8-15. Olayiwola, O. O. (2013). Technical efficiency of fish production in Ijebu-Ode. International Journal of Research in Management and Technology, 12. Onumah, E. E., & Acquah, H. D. (2010). Frontier analysis of aquaculture farms in the southern sector of Ghana. World Applied Sciences Journal, 9 (7), 826–835. Osawe, O. (2007). Technical efficiency of small scale farmers: An application of the stochastic frontier production function to fish farmers in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. Journal of Rural, 16 (1). Ozbay, G., Blank, G., & Thunjai, T. (2014). Impacts of aquaculture on habitats and Best Management Practices (BMPs). Intech. Pascoe, S., & Mardle, S. (2003). Efficiency analysis in EU fisheries: Stochastic production frontiers and data envelopment analysis (CEMARE Report 60, CEMARE). University of Portsmouth, UK. Paul, S., Reza, M. S., Shikha, F. H., Khan, M. N. A., & Kamal, M. (2010). Culture practices and quality loss of shrimp and prawn at different stages of handling and transportation in Bangladesh. Int. J. BioRes., 1(4), 7–13. Pillay, T. V. R. (1977). Planning of aquaculture development- an introductory guide. Farnham, Surrey: Fishing News Books Ltd. Pillay, T. V. R., & Kufty, M. N. (2005). Aquaculture: Principles and practices. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Pitt, M., & L. Lee (1981). The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry. Journal of Development Economics, 9, 43-64. Poernomo, A. (1989). The technical constraints of shrimp culture in Indonesia and how to overcome them, The Shrimp Culture Industry Workshop, Jepara, Indonesia. Ramli, K., & Hambal, H. (1988). Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of sea bass (lates calcarifer) in ponds. Keluaran Cawangan Pengembangan Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. Bil.143. Rashid, M. H. A., & Chen, Jr. (2002). Technical efficiency of shrimp farmers in Bangladesh: A stochastic frontier production function analysis. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 25 (2), 17-32. Rekha, P., Jayanthi, M., & Muralidhar, M. (2011). Soil permeability and its relation with soil properties in shrimp farming areas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 52 (2), 227–232. Roland, B., & Vassdal, T. (2003). Estimation of technical efficiency using DEA (CEMARE report 60). Roshanim, K., Nik Hashim N. M., Azlina, A. A., & Suriyani, M. (2012). Transformasi industri akuakultur pantai timur ke arah kecekapan teknikal. Prosiding Perkem VII, Jilid 1, 260-268. Roshada, H. (2005). Sustaining aquaculture development: The feeds and feeding connection. Di akses daripada http://eprints.usm.my. Roshada, H. (2006). Socio-ecofriendly semi-intensive aquaculture for a malaysian blue revolution: A nutrition and feeding management perspective. Di akses daripada http://freewebs.com/profroshada/Prof Talk - web.pdf. Rosli, A., Radam, A., & Rahim, K. (2013). Technical efficiency of pepper farms in Sarawak, Malaysia: An application of data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (7), 227–234. Roslina, K. (2009). Ke arah pembangunan akuakultur lestari: Kajian kes terhadap pengusaha akuakultur di Negeri Kedah (Tesis Doktoral). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Roslina, K. (2013). Pembangunan akuakultur lestari: sejauhmanakah amalan akuakultur baik diamalkan (kajian kes terhadap pengusaha akuakultur di kedah (Laporan akhir. Pusat Penyelidikan dan Inovasi). Universiti Utara Malaysia. Roslina, K., & Amir, H. B. (2015). The importance of good aquaculture practices in improving fish farmer‟s income: A case of Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 42 (12). Sakib, Md. H., Afrad, Md. S. I., & Foyez A. Prodhan (2014). Farmers‟ knowledge on aquaculture practices in Bogra district of Bangladesh . Int. J. Agr. Ext. 2 (2), 121-127. Salleh, M. M., Yunus, H., & Osman, N. (2006). Status and perspectives on good agricultural. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. Schwarz, M. H., Jahncke, M. L., & Lazur, A. M. (2010). Overview of Good Aquaculture Practices. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Di akses daripada http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/600/600-054/ 600-054_pdf.pdf. Seiford, L. M., & Thrall, R. M. (1990). Recent developments in DEA: The mathematical programming approach to frontier analysis. Journal of Econometrics, 46, 7-38. Seiford, L. M. (1999). Stepping back and looking forward - data envelopment analysis from an operations research perspective, Sixth European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Copenhagen, Denmark. Serfling, S. (2015). Good aquaculture practices to reduce the use of chemotherapeutic agents, minimize bacterial resistance, and control product quality. Bull. Fish. Res. Agen. No. 40, 83－88. Shamima, A. (2010). Effect of financial and environmental variables on the production efficiency of white leg shrimp farms in Khan Hoa Province, Vietnam (Tesis Master). Universiti of Tromso, Norway & Nha Trang Universiti, Vietnam. Sharma, K. R., Leung, P. S., Chen, H., & Peterson, A. (1999). Economic efficiency and optimum stocking densities in fish polyculture: An application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to chinese fish farms. Aquaculture, 180 (3-4), 207-221. Shephard, R. (1953). Cost and Production Functions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Shipton, T. A., & Hasan, M. R., (2013). An overview of the current status of feed management practices. Dalam Hasan, M. R. & New, M. B., eds. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 583. Rome, FAO, 3–20. Singh, K., Dey, M., Rabbani, A. G., Sudhakaran, P. O., & Thapa, G. (2009). Technical efficiency of freshwater aquaculture and its determinants in Tripura, India. Agricultural Economics Research Reviews, 22, 185–195. Smith, V. H., Tilman, G. D., & Nikola, J. C. (1999). Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrients on freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 100, 179-196. Solís, D., Bravo-Ureta, B., & Quiroga, R. (2009). Technical efficiency among peasant farmers participating in natural resource management programmes in central America. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 60, 202–219. Solomon, A. A., & Kerere, F. O. (2013). Assessment of the knowledge level of fishers and fish farmers in Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1–2), 41-56. Tamini, L. D., Bruno, L., & Gale, W. (2012). Technical and environmental efficiencies and best management practices in agriculture. Applied Economics, 44, 1659-1672. Thean, L. G., Latif, I. A., & Hussein, M. D. A. (2011). Technical efficiency analysis for Penang trawl fishery, Malaysia: Applying DEA approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5 (12), 1518–1523. Tisdell, C. (1999). Overview of environmental and sustainability issues in aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 3 (1), 1-5. Tolga, T., Nural, Y., Mehmet, N. C., & Bahattin, Ç. (2009). Measuring the technical efficiency and determinants of efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa) farms in Marmara region, Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37 (2), 121-129. Tookwinas, S., Dirakkait, S., Prompou, W., Boyd, C. E., & Shaw, R. (2002). Thailand: Operating guidelines for marine shrimp farms. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture, 24 (1), 1-2 and 13-15. Tsue, P., Lawal, W., & Ayuba, V. (2013). Productivity and technical efficiency of catfish farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Advances Journal, 1 (002), 20–25. Tucker, C., Belle, S., Boyd, C., Fornshell, G., Hargreaves, J., LaPatra, S., Summerfelt, S., & Zajicek, P. (2003). Best management practices for flowthrough, net-pen, recirculating, and pond aquaculture systems. Mississippi State University. Walker, P. J., & Mohan, C. V. (2009). Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: Origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1,125–154, doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01007.x. Webster, D., Cooperative, M., & Buttner, J. (2008). Planning For Success In Your Aquaculture Business. Di akses daripada http://seafood.oregonstate.edu/.pdf Links/Planning for Success in Your Aquaculture Business.pdf. Wu, R. S. S. (1995). The environmental impact of marine fish culture: towards a sustainable future. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 31, 159-166. Wu, Y. (1996). Technical efficiency in the chinese iron and steel industry. International Review of Applied Economics, 10 (2), 235-248. Zibaei, M. (2012). Technical efficiency analysis of fisheries: Toward an optimal fleet capacity. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1(1), 96–102.

Similar Items