HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices and leadership styles on customer satisfaction in the Palestinian insurance sector through the mediating role of employee performance. Empirical evidence to support the importance of customer satisf...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Salahat, Mahmoud A. M.
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/1/s95991_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/2/s95991_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7212
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Abdul Majid, Abdul Halim
topic HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management
Employment
spellingShingle HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management
Employment
Salahat, Mahmoud A. M.
HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
description The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices and leadership styles on customer satisfaction in the Palestinian insurance sector through the mediating role of employee performance. Empirical evidence to support the importance of customer satisfaction and what constitutes high levels of customer satisfaction is still lacking in the Palestinian context. This research framework, based on the resource-based view theory of the firm, aimed at finding out whether factors such as human resource management (HRM) practices, leadership styles, and employee performance have significant influences on customer satisfaction. Nine hypotheses, based on past research and underlying theory, were developed to test the relationships. The study sample was taken from employees of the insurance sector in Palestine, who have direct dealing with customers. The sample consisted of 358 participants selected through a systematic random process. Of the questionnaires posted, 269 were returned of which 258 were found usable, constituting a 72% response rate. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings indicated that HRM practices had an indirect relationship with customer satisfaction. Similarly, transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style showed indirect relationships with customer satisfaction. The findings also revealed that HRM practices and transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style had significant and positive relationships with employee performance. Finally, the results indicated that employee performance had a significant and positive relationship with customer satisfaction while also mediating the relationship between HRM practices and leadership styles respectively and customer satisfaction. The study concludes with discussions on theoretical and practical contributions, the study limitations, and suggestions for future research
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Salahat, Mahmoud A. M.
author_facet Salahat, Mahmoud A. M.
author_sort Salahat, Mahmoud A. M.
title HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
title_short HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
title_full HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
title_fullStr HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
title_full_unstemmed HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
title_sort hrm practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department School of Business Management
publishDate 2017
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/1/s95991_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/2/s95991_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828174375354368
spelling my-uum-etd.72122021-08-18T06:46:28Z HRM practices, leadership styles and customer satisfaction: mediating role of employee performance 2017 Salahat, Mahmoud A. M. Abdul Majid, Abdul Halim School of Business Management School of Business Management HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management. Employment The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices and leadership styles on customer satisfaction in the Palestinian insurance sector through the mediating role of employee performance. Empirical evidence to support the importance of customer satisfaction and what constitutes high levels of customer satisfaction is still lacking in the Palestinian context. This research framework, based on the resource-based view theory of the firm, aimed at finding out whether factors such as human resource management (HRM) practices, leadership styles, and employee performance have significant influences on customer satisfaction. Nine hypotheses, based on past research and underlying theory, were developed to test the relationships. The study sample was taken from employees of the insurance sector in Palestine, who have direct dealing with customers. The sample consisted of 358 participants selected through a systematic random process. Of the questionnaires posted, 269 were returned of which 258 were found usable, constituting a 72% response rate. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings indicated that HRM practices had an indirect relationship with customer satisfaction. Similarly, transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style showed indirect relationships with customer satisfaction. The findings also revealed that HRM practices and transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style had significant and positive relationships with employee performance. Finally, the results indicated that employee performance had a significant and positive relationship with customer satisfaction while also mediating the relationship between HRM practices and leadership styles respectively and customer satisfaction. The study concludes with discussions on theoretical and practical contributions, the study limitations, and suggestions for future research 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/1/s95991_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7212/2/s95991_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Aaker, D. A. (2008). Strategic market management (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Abbas, Q., & Yaqoob, S. (2009). Effect of leadership development on employee performance in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48(2), 269-292. Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J., & Jones, G. W. (2001). Socio-economic and demographic setting of Muslim populations. The Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences. Working paper in Demography. No. 86, Australia. Abbasi, S., & Alvi, K. (2013). Impact of employee characteristics and their performance on customer satisfaction. Scence International (Lahore), 25(2), 387-394. Abdullah, I., & Rashid, Y. (2013). Effect of personality on organizational commitment and employees‘ performance: Empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(6), 761-768. Abdulkadir, D. S., Isiaka, S. B., & Adedoyin, S. I. (2012). Effects of strategic performance appraisal, career planning and employee participation on organizational commitment: An empirical study. International Business Research, 5(4), 124-133. Abomeh, O. S. (2013). Assessment of Recruitment Practice on Organization Performance: Empirical Study of Hospitality Businesses in Abuja. European Scientific Journal, 9(29), 294-305. Absar, M. M. N., Azim, M. T., Balasundaram, N., & Akhter, S. (2010). Impact of human resources practices on job satisfaction: Evidence from manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti Bulletin, Economic Sciences Series, 62(2), 31-42. Abu Amra, R. (2011). The Effect of Promotional Practices of Insurance Companies in Gaza on Customer Satisfaction. Master‘s thesis. Islamic University - Gaza. Adamshick, M. H. (2007). Leadership and safety climate in high-risk military organizations. PhD Thesis, University of Maryland (College Park, Md.). Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual review of psychology, 60, 451-474. Ahire, S. L., Golhar, D. Y., & Waller, M. A. (1996). Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs. Decision sciences, 27(1), 23-56. Aiswarya, M., Bharathi, B., Pushparani, S. M., & Buvaneswari, R. (2014). A study on employee satisfaction of Supreme Industries Limited Pondicherry unit. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 3(6), 127-137. Aktar, S., Sachu, M. K., & Ali, M. E. (2012). The impact of rewards on employee performance in commercial banks of Bangladesh: an empirical study. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 9-15. Al-Albani, M. (1986). Sahih al-jamia‘al-Saghir: Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Maktab al-Islami. Al-Dhaafri, H. S., Yusoff, R. Z. B., & Al-Swidi, A. K. (2013). The effect of total quality management, enterprise resource planning and the entrepreneurial orientation on the organizational performance: The mediating role of the organizational excellence: A proposed research framework. International Journal of Business Administration, 4(1), 66-85. Al-Safeer, A.-I. (2013). Mess in insurance Sector of Palestine, who is responsible? Retrieved 29TH MARCH, 2014, from http://alsafeernews.com/ar/articles/7816.html Al-Shuaibi, A. S. I. (2013). The influence of human resource practices and leadership style on job satisfaction and cyberdeviance amongst administrative employees in Jordanian universities. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Al-Shuaibi, A., Subramaniam, C., & Shamsudin, F. M. (2014). The mediating influence of job satisfaction on the relationship between HR practices and cyberdeviance. Journal of Marketing and Management, 5(1), 105-119. Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., & Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(2), 330-351. Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. C., Rees, C., & Gatenby, M. (2013). The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 839-859. Ali, A. Y. S., Sidow, M. A., & Guleid, H. S. (2013). Leadership styles and job satisfaction: empirical evidence from Mogadishu universities. European Journal of Management Sciences and Economics, 1(1), 1-10. Ali, N., Jan, S., Ali, A., & Tariq, M. (2014). Transformational and transactional leadership as predictors of job satisfaction, commitment, perceived performance and turnover intention: Empirical evidence from Malakand Division, Pakistan. Life Science Journal, 11(5), 48-53. Alkerdawy, M. M. A. (2014). The mediating effects of duty orientation on the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior in the public banks of Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(8), 155-169. Alleyne, P., Doherty, L., & Greenidge, D. (2006).Human resource management and performance in the Barbados hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(4), 623-646. Altman, D., Burton, N., Cuthill, I., Festing, M., Hutton, L., & Playe, L. (2006). Why do a pilot study. National Centre for Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animal in Research, 1-2, London, UK. Amitay, M., Popper, M., & Lipshitz, R. (2005). Leadership styles and organizational learning in community clinics. Learning Organization, 12(1), 57-70. Anand Mishra, A. (2010). Factors affecting customer satisfaction and their relative importance in the retail banking sector: An empirical study. IUP Journal of Management Research, 9(3), 6-23. Andaleeb, S. S. (1998). Determinants of customer satisfaction with hospitals: A managerial model. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 11(6), 181-187. Andersen, T., & Minbaeva, D. (2013). The role of human resource management in strategy making. Human Resource Management, 52(5), 809-827. Anderson, Rungtusanatham, & Schroeder, R. G. (1994). A theory of quality management underlying the Deming management method. Academy of Management Review, 19(3), 472-509. Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125-143. Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323. Anthony, W. P., Kacmar, K. M., & Perrewe, P. L. (2002). Human resource management: A strategic approach (5th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers. Antonakis, J. (2001). The validity of the transformational, transactional, and laissezfaire leadership model as measured by the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ 5X). Doctoral thesis, Walden University, USA. Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003). Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 261-295. Arena, M. (2008). Does insurance market activity promote economic growth? A cross‐country study for industrialized and developing countries. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 75(4), 921-946. Armstrong, M. (2003). A handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page Limited. Aryee, S., & Debrah, Y. A. (1993). A cross‐cultural application of a career planning model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 119-127. Asad, N. (2014). An analysis and assessment of customer satisfaction with service quality in insurance industry in Palestine. Unpublished master‘s thesis. Birzeit University, Palestine. Aspinwall, E., & Elgharib, M. (2013). TPM implementation in large and medium size organisations. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 24(5), 688-710. Auh, S., Menguc, B., & Jung, Y. S. (2014). Unpacking the relationship between empowering leadership and service-oriented citizenship behaviors: A multilevel approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(5), 1-22. Authority, P. C. m. (2013). Insurance sector in palestine. Retrieved 25th March, 2014, from http://www.pcma.ps/IA/Pages/About-sector.aspx. Avery, G. C., & Bergsteiner, H. (2011). Sustainable leadership: Honeybee and locust approaches (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1991). The full range leadership development programs: Basic and advanced manuals. Binghamton, NY: Bass, Avolio & Associates Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218. Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(8), 951-968. Baah, I. (2011). An investigation of the leadership styles and service quality in Ghanaian banks. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Phoenix, USA. Babakus, E., Bienstock, C. C., & Van Scotter, J. R. (2004). Linking perceived quality and customer satisfaction to store traffic and revenue growth. Decision Sciences, 35(4), 713-737. Babbie, E. R. (2016). The practice of social research (14th ed.). Canada: Nelson Education. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Lieke, L. (2012). Work engagement, performance, and active learning: The role of conscientiousness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 555-564. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(6), 625-641. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press. Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader‐member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader‐member dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(6), 477-499. Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2006). Strategic human resources management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 32(6), 898-925. Bedarkar, M., & Pandita, D. (2014). A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133(1), 106-115. Bednall, T. C., Sanders, K., & Runhaar, P. (2014). Stimulating informal learning activities through perceptions of performance appraisal quality and human resource management system strength: A two-wave study. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 13(1), 45-61. Bellou, V. (2007). Achieving long-term customer satisfaction through organizational culture: Evidence from the health care sector. Managing Service Quality, 17(5), 510-522. Bennett, T. M. (2009). A study of the management leadership style preferred by it subordinates. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 13(2), 1-25. Bennis, W. G. (1959). Leadership theory and administrative behavior: The problem of the authority. Administrative Science Quarterly, 4(3) 259-301. Berg, N. (2005). Non-response bias. Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, 2(1), 865–873 Bernardin, H. J., & Alvares, K. M. (1976). The managerial grid as a predictor of conflict resolution method and managerial effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), 84-92. Besieux, T., Euwema, M., & Vander Elst, T. (2012). Linking transformational leadership and customer satisfaction: the mediation of team conflict and team cohesion. Paper presented at the Intlernational Association for Conflict Management, IACM 25th Annual Conference, 1-23. Biech, E., & Blanchard, K. H. (2010). The ASTD leadership handbook. USA: ASTD Press. Birasnav, M. (2014). Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1622-1629. Biswas, S., & Varma, A. (2011). Antecedents of employee performance: An empirical investigation in India. Employee Relations, 34(2), 177-192. Bitner, M. J., Booms, B. H., & Mohr, L. A. (1994). Critical service encounters: The employee's viewpoint. Journal of marketing, 58(4), 95-106. Blake, R., & Mouton, J. (2013). The new managerial grid (21st ed.). Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company. Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Self-concordance at work: Toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leaders. Academy of Management journal, 46(5), 554-571. Borucki, C. C., & Burke, M. J. (1999). An examination of service‐related antecedents to retail store performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6), 943-962. Bradley, G. L., et al. (2013). Task‐relationship‐self: A framework for understanding service encounter behaviors. Psychology & Marketing, 30(6), 512-528. Brady, M. K., & Cronin Jr, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: a hierarchical approach. Journal of marketing, 65(3), 34-49. Breaugh, J. A., & Starke, M. (2000). Research on employee recruitment: So many studies, so many remaining questions. Journal of Management, 26(3), 405-434. Brolly, M. (1967). The Managerial grid. Occupational Psychology, 41, 231-237. Brown, C. C. (1982). Brown, C. (1982). Estimating the determinants of employee performance. Journal of Human Resources, 17(4), 178-194. Brown, L. M., & Morrison, M. B. (2012). Integrating the Old with the new: Cultural intelligence and transformational leadership for an interdependent world. International Leadership Journal, 4(2), 62-72. Brown, M., & Heywood, J. S. (2005). Performance appraisal systems: Determinants and change. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(4), 659-679. Bryant, S. E. (2003). The role of transformational and transactional leadership in creating, sharing and exploiting organizational knowledge. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 32-44. Buiter, J. E., & Harris, C. M. (2013). Post-merger influences of human resource practices and organizational leadership on employee perceptions and extra-role behaviors. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 78(4), 14-22. Buller, P. F., & McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human Resource Management Review, 22(1), 43-56. Burney, L. L., Henle, C. A., & Widener, S. K. (2009). A path model examining the relations among strategic performance measurement system characteristics, organizational justice, and extra-and in-role performance. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(3), 305-321. Buzzell, R. D., & Gale, B. T. (1987). The PIMS principles: Linking strategy to performance (1st ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. Byrne, G. J., & Bradley, F. (2007). Culture's influence on leadership efficiency: How personal and national cultures affect leadership style. Journal of Business Research, 60(2), 168-175. Calvo-Mora, A., et al. (2013). The relationships between soft-hard TQM factors and key business results. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(1), 115-143. Cantarello, S., Filippini, R., & Nosella, A. (2012). Linking human resource management practices and customer satisfaction on product quality. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(18), 3906-3924. Carter, T. (2013). Global leadership. Journal of Management, 14(1), 69-74. Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 811-828. Castle, N. G., & Decker, F. H. (2011). Top management leadership style and quality of care in nursing homes. The Gerontologist, 51(5), 630-642. Cavana, R., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekeran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods. Australia: John Wiley & Sons. Cellar, D. F., Sidle, S., Goudy, K., & O'Brien, D. (2001). Effects of leader style, leader sex, and subordinate personality on leader evaluations and future subordinate motivation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(1), 61-72. Cenzo , A., & Robbins , P. (2000). Personnel. Human Resource Management, Delhi: PHI Learning. Cenzo, D. A. D., & Robbins, S. P. (1998). Personnel. human resources management (3 ed.). New Delhi: Prentice–Hall of India Private Limited. Chadwick, C., Super, J. F., & Kwon, K. (2015). Resource orchestration in practice: CEO emphasis on SHRM, commitment‐based HR systems, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 36(3), 360-376. Chan, P. H., Ng, P. K., & Jee, K. S. (2012). Identifying the link between leadership styles and tqm practices: a conceptual framework. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Design and Concurrent Engineering. Melaka, 40-44. Chand, M. (2010). The impact of HRM practices on service quality, customer satisfaction and performance in the Indian hotel industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(4), 551-566. Chand, M., & Katou, A. A. (2007). The impact of HRM practices on organisational performance in the Indian hotel industry. Employee Relations, 29(6), 576-594. Chang, H. (2011). Transformational leadership and customer satisfaction: the mediating role of service responsive capability and innovativeness. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Capella University, USA. Chang, Y.-W., & Polonsky, M. J. (2012). The influence of multiple types of service convenience on behavioral intentions: The mediating role of consumer satisfaction in a Taiwanese leisure setting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 107-118. Chaudhry, A. Q., & Husnain, J. (2012). Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(7), 258-264. Chen, J.-C., & Silverthorne, C. (2005). Leadership effectiveness, leadership style and employee readiness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(4), 280-288. Chen, J. (2013). An empirical analysis on performance of m&a of chinese internet companies based on balanced scorecard. Advances in Applied Economics and Finance, 4(1), 663-667. Chen, L. S., Liu, C. H., Hsu, C. C., & Lin, C. S. (2010). C-Kano model: A novel approach for discovering attractive quality elements. Total Quality Management, 21(11), 1189-1214. Chen, T.-Y., Chang, P.-L., & Yeh, C.-W. (2004). A study of career needs, career development programs, job satisfaction and the turnover intentions of R&D personnel. Career Development International, 9(4), 424-437. Chen, X.-P., et al. (2014). Affective trust in chinese leaders linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796-819. Cherian, J. P., & Jacob, J. (2012). A study of green HR practices and its effective implementation in the organization: a review. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(21), 25-33. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295-336. Chin, W. W. (2010). Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655-690). Berlin Heidelberg, Springer. Chisnall, P. M. (1992). Marketing research (4th ed.). London: McGraw-Hill. Chong, B. S., & Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking: Interest-free or interest-based? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17(1), 125-144. Chopra, V. (2009). Marketing strategy for the 21st century. Journal of Marketing & Communication, 5(1), 89-91. Chuang, A., Judge, T. A., & Liaw, Y. J. (2012). Transformational leadership and customer service: A moderated mediation model of negative affectivity and emotion regulation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(1), 28-56. Chung, J. E., & Yazdanifard, R. (2014). The impact of employee's satisfaction on company‘s well-being and sustainability of the company in the long run. Journal of Research in Marketing, 3(1), 239-242. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988, Hillsdale, NJ: L (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Colbert, A. E., Judge, T. A., Choi, D., & Wang, G. (2012). Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), 670-685. Colbert, B. A. (2004). The complex resource-based view: Implications for theory and practice in strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 341-358. Coldwell, J. (2001). Characteristics of a Good Customer Satisfaction Survey. In Sheth, J. N., Parvatiyar, A. and Shainesh, G. Customer Relationship Management. New Delhi: Tata, McGraw-Hill. Cole, C., Maroney, P., McCullough, K., & Powell, L. (2015). Automobile Insurance Vehicle Repair Practices: Politics, Economics, and Consumer Interests. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 18(1), 101-128. Collins, C. J., & Clark, K. D. (2003). Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 740-751. Conner, K. R. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management, 17(1), 121-154. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business research methods (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Daft, R. (2007). The leadership experience. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publisher. Dai, Y. D., Dai, Y. Y., Chen, K. Y., & Wu, H. C. (2013). Transformational vs transactional leadership: which is better?: A study on employees of international tourist hotels in Taipei City. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(5), 760-778. Dakic, S. (2010). The importance of TQM concept as a factor of competitive advantage of companies. Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, 3(6), 18-20 Danish, R. Q., Ahmad, F., Ateeq, A., Ali, H. Y., & Humayon, A. A. (2015). Factors Affecting Customer Retention in Telecom Sector of Pakistan. American Journal of Marketing Research, 1(2), 28-36. Das, A., Handfield, R. B., Calantone, R. J., & Ghosh, S. (2000). A contingent view of quality management‐the impact of international competition on quality. Decision Sciences, 31(3), 649-690. Dasgupta, S. A., Suar, D., & Singh, S. (2012). Impact of managerial communication styles on employees' attitudes and behaviours. Employee Relations, 35(2), 173-199. Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management mpractices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management journal, 39(4), 949-969. Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. H. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802-835. Demerouti, E. (2006). Job characteristics, flow, and performance: The moderating role of conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 266-280. Deng, W.-J., Kuo, Y.-F., & Chen, W.-C. (2008). Revised importance–performance analysis: Three-factor theory and benchmarking. The Service Industries Journal, 28(1), 37-51. Denisi, A., & Smith, C. E. (2014). Performance appraisal, performance management, and firm-level performance: a review, a proposed model, and new directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 127-179. DeRue, D. S., et al. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7-52. Deshpandé, R., Farley, J. U., & Webster Jr, F. E. (1993). Corporate culture customer orientation, and innovativeness in Japanese firms: a quadrad analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 23-27. Dessler, G. (2002). Human resources management (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Dessler, G., Griffiths, J., & Lloyd-Walker, B. (2004). Human resource management, (2 ed.). Frenchs Forest: New York; Sydney: Prentice Hall Dhamija, P. (2012). E-recruitment: A roadmap towards e-human resource management. Journal of Arts, Science& Commerce, 3(2), 33-39. Diamantopoulos, A., Riefler, P., & Roth, K. P. (2008). Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research, 61(12), 1203-1218. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., & MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leader–member exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: applying a moral judgment perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(2), 265-273. Dysvik, A., & Kuvaas, B. (2012). Perceived supervisor support climate, perceived investment in employee development climate, and business‐unit performance. Human Resource Management, 51(5), 651-664. Eagly, A. H., & Johannesen‐Schmidt, M. C. (2001). The leadership styles of women and men. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 781-797. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994). An introduction to the bootstrap. England: Chapman & Hall. Ekvall, G., & Ryhammar, L. (1998). Leadership style, social climate and organizational outcomes: A study of a Swedish University College. Creativity and Innovation Management, 7(3), 126-130. El-Garaihy, W. H., Mobarak, A.-K. M., & Albahussain, S. A. (2014). Measuring the Impact of corporate social responsibility practices on competitive advantage: a mediation role of reputation and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(5), 109-124. El-Jafari, M., Makhool, B., Lafi, D., & Atyani, N. (2003). Palestinian service sector and its role in economic development. Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute, Ramallah, Palestine. Elger, D. (2007). Theory of performance. In S.W. Beyerlein, C. Holmes, & D. K. Apple (Eds.), Faculty guidebook: A comprehensive tool for improving faculty performance (4th ed.) (19-22). Lisle: Pacific Crest. Cooper, D., & Emory, W. (1991). Business research methods. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin. Ensley, M. D., Pearce, C. L., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2006). The moderating effect of menvironmental dynamism on the relationship between entrepreneur leadership behavior and new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(2), 243-263. Erden, N. S. (2014). the role of human resources practices in conflict management: implications for small-medium enterprises: Business Science Reference: 701 E. Choclate Avenue. Erdil, O., & Gunsel, A. (2007). Relationship between human resource management practices, business strategy fit and firm performance. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 1(1), 97-107. Evanschitzky, H., Sharma, A., & Prykop, C. (2012). The role of the sales employee in securing customer satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 46(3/4), 489-508. Farrell, A. M., Souchon, A. L., & Durden, G. R. (2001). Service encounter conceptualisation: employees' service behaviours and customers' service quality perceptions. Journal of Marketing Management, 17(5-6), 577-593. Federation, P. I. (2012). 1st palestinian insurance conference. Retrieved 27th march, 2014, from http://www.pif.org.ps/afiles.php?id=41 Federation, P. I. (2013a). Insurance Mirror Magazine Retrieved 26th March, 2014, from http://www.pif.org.ps/userfiles/14th%20Issue [2013042925115].pdf Federation, P. I. (2013b). 2nd palestinian insurance conference. Retrieved 27th March, 2014, from http://www.pif.org.ps/etemplate.php?id=72 Federation, P. I. (2014). Palestine insurance federation. Retrieved 26th March, 2014, from http://www.pif.org.ps/einside.php?id=35 Fey, C. F., Björkman, I., & Pavlovskaya, A. (2000). The effect of human resource management practices on firm performance in Russia. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 1-18. Firmansyah, M. A., Christiananta, B., & Ellitan, L. (2014). The effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), total quality management (TQM), Technology Leadership and Service Quality on the performance of private universities in Surabaya. Academic Research International, 5(2), 174-185. Fornell, C., & Cha, J. (1994). Partial least squares. Advanced Methods of Marketing Research, 407(3), 52-78. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. Freedman, R. N. (2007). Transformational leadership and customer satisfaction in the aerospace industry: An analysis based on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Capella University, USA. Füller, J., & Matzler, K. (2008). Customer delight and market segmentation: An application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction on life style groups. Tourism Management, 29(1), 116-126. Furtner, M. R., Baldegger, U., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Leading yourself and leading others: Linking self-leadership to transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(4), 436-449. Gabcanova, I. (2012). Human resources key performance indicators. Journal of Competitiveness, 4(1), 117-128. Gagić, S., Tešanović, D., & Jovičić, A. (2013). The vital components of restaurant quality that affect guest satisfaction. Turizam, 17(4), 166-176. Galang, M. C., & Osman, I. (2014). The antecedents and consequences of strategic HRM in Malaysian and Philippine SMEs. Effective Human Resources Management in Small and Medium Enterprises: Global Perspectives, 1-27. García-Bernal, J., & García-Casarejos, N. (2014). Economic analysis of TQM adoption in the construction sector. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(3-4), 209-221. Garg, P., & Rastogi, R. (2006). New model of job design: Motivating employees' performance. Journal of Management Development, 25(6), 572-587. George, L., & Sabapathy, T. (2011). Work motivation of teachers: Relationship with organizational commitment. Canadian Social Science, 7(1), 90-99. Ghanem, F. A. (2015). The role of Palestine telecommunications company in maintaining human resources and its role in enhancing the performance of the workers. Journal of Al- Aqsa Univerity, 19(1), 325-359. Ghobadian, A., & O'Regan, N. (2000). Developing an exploratory model to determine the link between organisational culture, leadership style and contingency factors on the corporate strategy of manufacturing SMEs. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2(1), 860-878. Ghobadian, A., & O'Regan, N. (2006). The impact of ownership on small firm behaviour and performance. International Small Business Journal, 24(6), 555-586. Giangreco, A., et al. (2012). War outside, ceasefire inside: An analysis of the performance appraisal system of a public hospital in a zone of conflict. Evaluation and program planning, 35(1), 161-170. Gimenez-Espin, J. A., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Martínez-Costa, M. (2013). Organizational culture for total quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(5-6), 678-692. Girodo, M. (1998). Macfiiavellian, bureaucratic, and transformational leadership styles in police managers: Preliminary findings of interpersonal ethics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86(2), 419-427. Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person–organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2), 254-275. Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., & Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation models using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 691-711). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. Gountas, S., Gountas, J., & Mavondo, F. T. (2014). Exploring the associations between standards for service delivery (organisational culture), co-worker support, self-efficacy, job satisfaction and customer orientation in the real estate industry. Australian Journal of Management, 39(1), 107-126. Gouthier, M., & Schmid, S. (2003). Customers and customer relationships in service firms: the perspective of the resource-based view. Marketing Theory, 3(1), 119-143. Gowen III, C. R., Henagan, S. C., & McFadden, K. L. (2009). Knowledge management as a mediator for the efficacy of transformational leadership and quality management initiatives in US health care. Health care Management Review, 34(2), 129-140. Grant, A. (2012). Giving time, time after time: Work design and sustained employee participation in corporate volunteering. Academy of Management Review, 37(4), 589–615. Green, M. T., Duncan, P., & Kodatt, S. A. (2011). The relationship between follower ratings of leadership and the leaders‘ spirituality. Journal of Spirituality, Leadership and Management, 5(1), 46-57. Griffin, A., Gleason, G., Preiss, R., & Shevenaugh, D. (2012). Best practice for customer satisfaction in manufacturing firms. Sloan Management Review, 36(2). 87-101. Grigoroudis, E., Tsitsiridi, E., & Zopounidis, C. (2013). Linking customer satisfaction, employee appraisal, and business performance: An evaluation methodology in the banking sector. Annals of Operations Research, 205(1), 5-27. Grönroos, C. (1984). A service quality model and its marketing implications. European Journal of Marketing, 18(4), 36-44. Guelman, L., Guillén, M., & Pérez-Marín, A. M. (2012). Random forests for uplift modeling: an insurance customer retention case. In Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics and Management (pp. 123-133). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. Guest, D. E. (1997). Human resource management and performance: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), 263-276. Guest, D. E. (2011). Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers. Human Resource Management Journal, 21(1), 3-13. GUI. (2014). Global United Insurance. Retrieved 24th May, 2014, from http://www.gui.ps/index/portal/ Guloglu, T., Guder, G., & Guloglu, F. K. (2011). Global insurance industry. Changes in Social and Business Environment(04), 75-79. Gurbuz, S., & Mert, I. S. (2011). Impact of the strategic human resource management on organizational performance: Evidence from Turkey. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(8), 1803-1822. Gustafsson, A., Ekdahl, F., & Edvardsson, B. (1999). Customer focused service development in practice: A case study at Scandinavian airlines system (SAS). International Journal of Service Industry Management, 10(4), 344-358. Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner's guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding statistics, 3(4), 283-297. Hair, J., et al. (2007). Research Methods for Business, UK Edition: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex England. Hair, J. F., et al. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.): Pearson Prentice Hall, USA. Hair, J. F., et al. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications, New Delhi. Hair, J. F., et al. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications, New Delhi. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. Hair, J. F., et al. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. Hair, J. F., et al. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433. Hair, J. F., et al. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.): Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Hall, L., et al. (2004). Outcomes of a career planning and development program for registered nurses. Nursing Economics, 22(5), 231-238. Hambleton, R. K., Swaminathan, H., Cook, L. L., Eignor, D. R., & Gifford, J. A. (1978). Developments in latent trait theory: Models, technical issues, and applications. Review of Educational Research, 48(4), 467-510. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. Hartline, M. D., Maxham III, J. G., & McKee, D. O. (2000). Corridors of influence in the dissemination of customer-oriented strategy to customer contact service employees. Journal of marketing, 64(2), 35-50. Hassan, M., et al. (2013). Impact of HR practices on employee satisfaction and employee loyalty: An Empirical Study of Government Owned Public Sector Banks of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(1), 1-8. Hassan, M. U., et al. (2014). An empirical assessment of TQM dimensions and their relationship with firm performance: Evidence from the textile sector of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(6), 696-705. Hater, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Superiors' evaluations and subordinates' perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(4), 695. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420. Hennig, T. (2004). Customer orientation of service employees: Its impact on customer satisfaction, commitment, and retention. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(5), 460-478. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(1), 277-319. Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565-580. Heresy, P., Blanchard, K. H., & Johnson, D. E. (1993). Management of Organizational Behavior, Utilizing Human Resources (6th ed.). Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Herzallah, A. M., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L., & Munoz Rosas, J. F. (2013). Total quality management practices, competitive strategies and financial performance: the case of the Palestinian industrial SMEs. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(5-6), 635-649. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2011). The motivation to work (Vol. 1): Transaction Publishers, London. Hill, N., & Alexander, J. (2000). Handbook of customer satisfaction and loyalty measurement: Gower Publishing, London. Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., & Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404-1427. Homburg, C., Müller, M., & Klarmann, M. (2011). When should the customer really be king? On the optimum level of salesperson customer orientation in sales encounters. Journal of Marketing, 75(2), 55-74. Homburg, C., & Stock, R. M. (2004). The link between salespeople‘s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction in a business-to-business context: A dyadic analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(2), 144-158. Hong, E. N. C., et al. (2012). An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis. International Journal of Business Research and Management, 3(2), 60-79. Hoque, K. (1999). Human resource management and performance in the UK hotel industry. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 37(3), 419-443. Hoque, N., Mamun, A., & Mamun, A. M. A. (2014). Dynamics and traits of entrepreneurship: an Islamic approach. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(2), 128-142. House, R. J. (1971). A path goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16(3), 321-339. Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 891. Hoyle, D. (2006). Quality management essentials: Routledge, London. Hsu, C.-L., Chang, K.-C., & Chen, M.-C. (2012). The impact of website quality on customer satisfaction and purchase intention: Perceived playfulness and perceived flow as mediators. Information Systems and E-business Management, 10(4), 549-570. Hu, J., et al. (2012). The influence of leader core self-evaluation on follower reports of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 860-868. Huiskonen, J., & Pirttilä, T. (1998). Sharpening logistics customer service strategy planning by applying Kano' s quality element classification. International Journal of Production Economics, 56-57(2), 253-260. Hulland, J., & Business, R. I. S. o. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204. Hulley, S. B., et al. (2013). Designing clinical research: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York. Hunt, S. D., & Davis, D. F. (2012). Grounding supply chain management in resource‐advantage theory: In defense of a resource‐based view of the firm. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(2), 14-20. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. Iacobucci, D., & Churchill, G. (2009). Marketing research: methodological foundations (9th ed.): Southwestern Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ibrahim, R. M., Ghani, M. A., & Embat, A. M. M. S. (2013). Organizational citizenship behavior among local government employees in east coast Malaysia: A pilot study. International Business Research, 6(6), 83-94. Information, B. o. A. I. (2010). History of Insurance in Arab Lands. Retrieved 25th March, 2014, from http://www.w-tb.com/wtb/vb4/showthread.php?8817- %CA%C7%D1%ED%CE-%D5%E4%C7%DA%C9-%C7%E1%CA%C3%E3 %ED%E4-%DD%ED-%C7%E1%E6%D8%E4-%C7%E1%DA%D1%C8%ED Iqbal, N., Nadeem, W., & Zaheer, A. (2015). Impact of BPR critical success factors on inter-organizational functions: An empirical study. The Business & Management Review, 6(1), 152-165. Ismail, W. N. S. W., et al. (2014). Do it helps smes gain better performance: A conceptual analysis on RBV theory. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3(5), 307-320. Ittner, C. D., & Larcker, D. F. (1998). Are nonfinancial measures leading indicators of financial performance? An analysis of customer satisfaction. Journal of Accounting Research, 36(1), 1-35. Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (2002). Managing individual performance: An individual perspective. In psychological management of individual performance, ed. S. Sonnentag, 371– 90. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, S. (1999). Understanding human resource management in the context of organizations and their environments. In Human Resource Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management, 45-74. London, Roultledge. Jaidev, U. P., & Chirayath, S. (2012). Pre-training, during-training and post-training activities as predictors of transfer of training. IUP Journal of Management Research, 11(4), 54-70. Jamieson, S. (2004). Likert scales: how to (ab) use them. Medical education, 38(12), 1217-1218. Jayachandran, S., Hewett, K., & Kaufman, P. (2004). Customer response capability in a sense-and-respond era: the role of customer knowledge process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 219-233. Jiang, K., et al. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), 73-85. Jiang, K., et al. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), 73-85. Joarder, M. H. (2012). The role of HRM practices in predicting faculty turnover intention: Empirical evidence from private universities in Bangladesh. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 5(2), 159-178. Judge, T., Hulin, C., & Dalal, R. (2012). Job satisfaction and job affect. In The Oxford handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. New York: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003). The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4), 525-544. Kabuoh, M., & Anazodo, I. (2012). Burn out syndrome among bank workers: Case of first bank PLC and access bank PLC Isolo Lagos Nigeria. Babcock Journal Of Management And Social Sciences, 10(1) 289-310. Kane, R. E., Magnusen, M. J., & Perrewé, P. L. (2012). Differential effects of identification on extra-role behavior. Career Development International, 17(1), 25-42. Kapel, C., & Shepherd, C. (2004). Career ladders create common language for defining jobs. Canadian HR Reporter, 14(12), 15-16. Kärnä, S. (2014). Analysing customer satisfaction and quality in construction: The case of public and private customers. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research, 2(1), 67-80. Kelloway, E. K., & Barling, J. (2000). What we have learned about developing transformational leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(7), 355-362. Khan, M. T., Khan, N. A., & Ahmed, S. (2013). the nature and impact of human resource management (HRM) practices: A review. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 5(1), 123-138. Khatri, N. (2000). Managing human resource for competitive advantage: A study of companies in Singapore. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(2), 336-365. Khurana, S. (2013). Relationship between Service quality and customer satisfaction: An empirical study of Indian life insurance industry. Journal of Research in Marketing, 1(2), 35-42. Kilani, M., Al Junidi, R., & Al Riziq, R. (2015). The role that nepotism (wasta) plays in conflict and conflict management within groups in private organizations in Jordan and MENA region. Middle East Journal of Business, 10(3), 58-69. Kim, S. W. (2006). Effects of supply chain management practices, integration and competition capability on performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(3), 241-248. King, B. E. (2013). transactional and transformational leadership: a comparative study of the difference between Tony Fernandes (Airasia) and Idris Jala (Malaysia Airlines) leadership styles from 2005-2009. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(24), 107-116. King, N. (1970). Clarification and evaluation of the two-factor theory of job satisfaction. Psychological Bulletin, 74(1), 18-31. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications, New York. Kohlmeyer III, J. M., et al. (2014). Leadership, Budget Participation, Budgetary Fairness, and Organizational Commitment. In Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 95-118. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, United Kingdom. Koonmee, K., Singhapakdi, A., Virakul, B., & Lee, D. J. (2010). Ethics institutionalization, quality of work life, and employee job-related outcomes: A survey of human resource managers in Thailand. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 20-26. Kothari, D., Narayanan, S. T., & Devi, K. K. (2014). Extended fuzzy c-means with random sampling techniques for clustering large data. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, 1(1), 1-4. Kottler, P. (2000). Marketing Management (10th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Kotrlik, J., & Higgins, C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43-50 Kozlowski, S. W., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006). Enhancing the effectiveness of work groups and teams. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 7(3), 77-124. Krass, P. (1998). The book of leadership wisdom. In Classic writings by legendary business leaders. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Kugler, M., & Ofoghi, R. (2005). Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from the UK. Paper presented at the money macro and finance (MMF) research group conference, 1-27. Kumar, M., Talib, S. A., & Ramayah, T. (2013). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Kumari, K., Usmani, S., & Husain, J. (2013). HR management practices and customer satisfaction: the mediating effect of effective supply chain management practices. Global Business & Management Research, 5(2), 137-160. Kundu, S. C., & Malhan, D. (2009). HRM practices in insurance companies: A study of Indian and multinational companies. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 7(2), 191-215. Labby, S., Lunenburg, F. C., & Slate, J. R. (2012). Emotional intelligence and academic success: A conceptual analysis for educational leaders. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 7(1), 1-11. Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994). Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective. Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 699-727. Lakshman, C. (2006). A theory of leadership for quality: Lessons from TQM for leadership theory. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 17(1), 41-60. Lam, C. S., & O'Higgins, E. R. (2012). Enhancing employee outcomes: The interrelated influences of managers' emotional intelligence and leadership style. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 33(2), 149-174. Lam, L. W., Loi, R., & Leong, C. (2013). Reliance and disclosure: How supervisory justice affects trust in supervisor and extra-role performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(1), 231-249. Lamba, S., & Choudhary, N. (2013). Impact of HRM practices on organizational commitment of employees. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2(4), 407-423. Lau, C. M., Wong, K. M., & Eggleton, I. R. (2008). Fairness of performance evaluation procedures and job satisfaction: The role of outcome‐based and non‐outcome‐based effects. Accounting and Business Research, 38(2), 121-135. Lavie, D. (2006). The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 638-658. Lee, J. J., & Ok, C. M. (2013). Examination of factors affecting hotel employees' service orientation: an emotional labor perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 39(4), 437-468. Lee, P. C. B. (2002). Career goals and career management strategy among information technology professionals. Career Development International, 7(1), 6-13. Leiter, M. P., et al. (2011). The impact of civility interventions on employee social behavior, distress, and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), 1258-1274. Levesque, T., & McDougall, G. H. (1996). Determinants of customer satisfaction in retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 14(7), 12-20. Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2004). A multilevel investigation of factors influencing employee service performance and customer outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 41-58. Liapis, N., Theodorou, D., & Zannikos, F. (2013). Absence of TQM across the fuel supply chain: quality failure-associated costs. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(3-4), 452-461. Liedtke, P. M. (2007). What's insurance to a modern economy?. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 32(2), 211-221. Lin, T.-C., & Huang, S.-L. (2014). Understanding the determinants of consumers' switching intentions in a standards war. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 19(1), 163-189. Lin, Y., & Wu, L.-Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 407-413. Longe, O. J. (2014). Leadership style paradigm shift and organisational performance: A case of the nigerian cement industry. African Research Review, 8(4), 68-83. Loo, L.-H., & Beh, L.-S. (2013). The effectiveness of strategic human resource management practices on firm performance in the Malaysian insurance industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 3(5), 703-714. Lu, C.-S., & Yang, C.-S. (2010). Safety leadership and safety behavior in container terminal operations. Safety Science, 48(2), 123-134. Lundberg, C., Gudmundson, A., & Andersson, T. D. (2009). Herzberg's two-factor theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism. Tourism management, 30(6), 890-899. Majovski, I. (2012). Human resource management during recession in transition economies: Challenges and prospects. Економски Развој, (2-3), 28-38. Malhotra, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2003). Analysing the commitment–service quality relationship: A comparative study of retail banking call centres and branches. Journal of Marketing Management, 19(9-10), 941-971. Malhotra, N. K. (2008). Marketing research: An applied orientation (5th ed.): Pearson Education, India. Marinković, V., et al. (2013). Investigating the impact of SERVQUAL dimensions on customer satisfaction: the lessons learnt from Serbian travel agencies. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(2), 184-196. Marketline.com. (2014). Global Insurance. Insurance Industry Profile: Global, 1-31. Martínez-Tur, V., et al. (2011). Linking service climate and disconfirmation of expectations as predictors of customer satisfaction: A cross‐level study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(5), 1189-1213. Matzler, K., & Renzl, B. (2007). Assessing asymmetric effects in the formation of employee satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(4), 1093-1103. Matzler, K., Sauerwein, E., & Heischmidt, K. (2003). Importance-performance analysis revisited: the role of the factor structure of customer satisfaction. The Service Industries Journal, 23(2), 112-129. Maymand, M. M., et al. (2013). Direct and moderating effects of switching barrier on switching intention in service context. Asian Journal of Research in Marketing, 2(5), 52-63. McCleary, L. E., Crow, G. M., & Matthews, L. J. (2013). Leadership: A relevant and realistic role for principals. New York, Routledge. Mehmood, F., & Iqbal, M. S. (2013). the effect of human capital investment on customer satisfaction. Journal of Business and Management, 7(5), 77-81. Metcalf, L., & Benn, S. (2013). Leadership for sustainability: an evolution of leadership ability. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 369-384. Miartana, I. P., Hadiwijoyo, D., & Rohman, F. (2014). Implementation of total quality management based knowledge management and its effect on customer satisfaction and organization performance: A studies on four and five star hotels in Bali. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(24), 98-107. Milkovich, G. T., et al. (1999). Compensation: McGraw-Hill. New York. Mir, T., & Mir Ahmed, M. . (2014). Impact of employee evaluation on employee performance: A study of banking sector of Pakistan. Global Conference on Business & Finance Proceedings, 9(1), 413-420. Misra, P., Jain, S., & Sood, A. (2013). Compensation: Impact of rewards and organisational justice on turnover intentions and the role of motivation and job satisfaction: A study of retail store operations in NCR. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 13(2), 136-152. Mittal, B., & Lassar, W. M. (1996). The role of personalization in service encounters. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 95-109. Mittal, V., & Kamakura, W. A. (2001). Satisfaction, repurchase intent, and repurchase behavior: Investigating the moderating effect of customer characteristics. Journal of marketing research, 38(1), 131-142. Mittar, M. S., Saini, S., & Agarwal, A. (2014). human resource management practices for employee retention in apparel export houses in Delhi NCR. Arts, Social Sciences, 17(2), 3-22. Mohamad, A. A., Lo, M.-C., & La, M. K. (2009). Human resource practices and organizational performance: Incentives as moderator. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 1(2), 229-244. Mohammadi, M. R. (2013). The effect of total quality management aspects on customer satisfaction and productivity in iranian automotive industries. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 1(6): 73, 77. Morhart, F., Herzog, W., & Jenewein, W. (2012). Multilevel effects of leadership styles on selling approaches and customer outcomes. Paper presented at AMA Winter Educators‘ Conference 99-101. Morillas, J. M. B., et al. (2011). Analysis of the prediction capacity of a categorization method for urban noise assessment. Applied Acoustics, 72(10), 760-771. Motowildo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (1997). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 10(2), 71-83. Moynihan, L. M., Gardner, T. M., Park, H. J., & Wright, P. M. (2001). HR practices and customer satisfaction: The mediating link of commitment. Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, Cornell University, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1-14. Munjuri, M. G. (2011). The effect of human resource management practices in enhancing employee performance in catholic institutions of higher Learning in Kenya. International Journal of Business Administration, 2(4), 189-224. Muscaly, E., & Muntean, S. N. (2013). Defining Aspects Of human resource management strategy within the general strategy of the modern organization. Annals of Faculty of Economics, 1(1), 1526-1535. Naik, C. K., Gantasala, S. B., & Prabhakar, G. V. (2010). Service quality (Servqual) and its effect on customer satisfaction in retailing. European Journal of Social Sciences, 16(2), 231-243. Najeh, R. I., & Kara-Zaitri, C. (2007). A comparative study of critical quality factors in Malaysia, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 18(1-2), 189-200. Namasivayam, K., Guchait, P., & Lei, P. (2014). The influence of leader empowering behaviors and employee psychological empowerment on customer satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(1), 69-84. Nauman, S., Mansur Khan, A., & Ehsan, N. (2010). Patterns of empowerment and leadership style in project environment. International Journal of Project Management, 28(7), 638-649. Nayyab, H. H., Hamid, M., Naseer, F., & Iqbal, M. (2011). The impact of HRM practices on the organizational performance. The study of banking sector in Okara, Punjab (Pakistan). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(3), 661-672. Nehmeh, R. (2009). What is organizational commitment, why should managers want it in their workforce and is there any cost effective way to secure it. Swiss management center, 5, 45-46. Nelson, E. C., et al. (1992). Do patient perceptions of quality relate to hospital financial performance? Journal of Health Care Marketing, 12(4), 6-13. Neupane, R. (2014). Relationship between customer satisfaction and business performance: A case study of lloyds bank UK. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 1(2), 74-85. Nguyen, N., & Leclerc, A. (2011). The effect of service employees' competence on financial institutions' image: benevolence as a moderator variable. Journal of Services Marketing, 25(5), 349-360. NIC. (2014). National Insurance Company, Retrieved 27th May, 2014, from http://www.nic-pal.com/ Nickbakht, M., Amiri, M., & Latifi, S. M. (2013). Study of the reliability and validity of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the assessment of clinical skills of audiology students. Global Journal of Health Science, 5(3), 64-68. Northouse, P. G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and practice: Sage Publications, New York.