Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry. The perspectives of final year students of Computer Science and Multimedia Faculty at XYZ University College have been studied. It is crucial for the organizations to understa...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Sariani, Ab. Ghani
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/1/s818125_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/2/s818125_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7214
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Azizan, Norizan
topic HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management
Employment
spellingShingle HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management
Employment
Sariani, Ab. Ghani
Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
description This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry. The perspectives of final year students of Computer Science and Multimedia Faculty at XYZ University College have been studied. It is crucial for the organizations to understand the preferences of this generation toward employment attributes in order to attract talented candidates to apply for a job vacancy and subsequently join the organization. This study focuses on millennials as currently they are dominating the Malaysian workforce, while final year undergraduate students were chosen because most likely they will be dealing with the decision to apply for a job after completing their studies. Quantitative approach with self-administered questionnaires method has been employed for this study. Based on simple random sampling method the questionnaires were distributed to all of 213 final year students of Computer Science and Multimedia Faculty at XYZ University College to gather the data. A total of 150 useable responses were obtained and used for the purpose of data analysis. IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, Version 22.0 was used to analyze the collected data. The results of regression analysis revealed that all three factors which were meaningful work, professional growth opportunity and work-life balance have a significant relationship with intention to apply for a job. While professional growth opportunity was the most influential factor on the intention to apply for a job. The findings can form the basis for useful recommendation to employers to plan and improve their recruitment strategies in order to attract the top qualified talents
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Sariani, Ab. Ghani
author_facet Sariani, Ab. Ghani
author_sort Sariani, Ab. Ghani
title Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
title_short Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
title_full Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
title_fullStr Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college
title_sort factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ict industry : a perspective of final year students at xyz university college
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2017
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/1/s818125_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/2/s818125_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828174667907072
spelling my-uum-etd.72142021-08-18T06:51:28Z Factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry : a perspective of final year students at XYZ university college 2017 Sariani, Ab. Ghani Azizan, Norizan Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management. Employment This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing intention to apply for a job among millennials in ICT industry. The perspectives of final year students of Computer Science and Multimedia Faculty at XYZ University College have been studied. It is crucial for the organizations to understand the preferences of this generation toward employment attributes in order to attract talented candidates to apply for a job vacancy and subsequently join the organization. This study focuses on millennials as currently they are dominating the Malaysian workforce, while final year undergraduate students were chosen because most likely they will be dealing with the decision to apply for a job after completing their studies. Quantitative approach with self-administered questionnaires method has been employed for this study. Based on simple random sampling method the questionnaires were distributed to all of 213 final year students of Computer Science and Multimedia Faculty at XYZ University College to gather the data. A total of 150 useable responses were obtained and used for the purpose of data analysis. IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, Version 22.0 was used to analyze the collected data. The results of regression analysis revealed that all three factors which were meaningful work, professional growth opportunity and work-life balance have a significant relationship with intention to apply for a job. While professional growth opportunity was the most influential factor on the intention to apply for a job. The findings can form the basis for useful recommendation to employers to plan and improve their recruitment strategies in order to attract the top qualified talents 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/1/s818125_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7214/2/s818125_02.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Acarlar, G. & Bilgic, R. (2012). Factors influencing applicant willingness to apply for the advertised job opening. The mediational role of credibility, satisfaction and attraction. The International Journal of Human Resources Management, 24(1), 1-28. Albion, M. J. (2004). A measure of attitudes towards flexible work options. Australian Journal of Management, 29(2), 275-294. Albarracin, D., Fishbein, M., Johnson, B., & Muellerleile, O. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychologies Bulletin, 127, 142-161. Alexander, C.S. & Sysko, J.M. (2011). A study of the cognitive determinants of Generation Y's entitlement mentality. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 6(2), 63-68. Alsop, R. (2008). The trophy kids grow up: How the millennial generation is shaking up the workplace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Armstrong, M. (2006). Strategic human resource management. A guide to action. London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page. Bakanauskiene, I., Bendaraviciene, R., & Bucinskaite, I. (2016). Employer’s attractiveness: Generation Y employment expectations in Lithuania. Human Resource Management & Ergonomics. X, 6-22. Balda, J. B. & Mora, F. (2011). Adapting leadership theory and practice for the networked, millennial generation. Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(3), 13-24. Baldonado, A. & Spangenburg, J. (2009). Leadership and the future: Gen Y workers and Two-Factor Theory. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 15(1), 99-103. Bamford, C. (2011). Mentoring in the twenty-first century. Leadership in Health Services, 24(2) 150-163. Bannon, S., Ford, K. & Meltzer, L. (2011). Understanding millennials in the workplace. The CPA Journal. 61-65. Baruch, Y. (2004). Managing careers: Theory and practice. London: FT Prentice Hall. Benner, C. (2002). Work in the new economy. Flexible labor markets in Silicon Valley. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Bessette, J. L. (2003). Meaningful work: A study of human resource professional in the Nevada gaming industry. University of Nevada, Reno. Blazovich, J., Smith, K. & Smith, L. (2014). Employee-friendly organizations and work-life-balance: Is there an impact on financial performance and risk level? Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 18(2), 1-11. Bremmer, N. & Carriere, J. (2011). The effects of skill variety, task significance, task identity and autonomy on occupational burnout in a hospital setting and the mediating effect of work meaningfulness. Working Paper, University of Ottawa. Bright, L. (2010). Why age matters in the work preferences of public employees: A comparison of three age-related explanations. Public Personnel Management, 39(1), 1-14. Broadbridge, A., Maxwell, G. & Ogden, S. (2009). Selling retailing to generation Y graduates: Recruitment challenges and opportunities. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 19 (4), 405-420. Bui, Y. N. (2014). How to write a master’s thesis. 2nd ed. United States: SAGE Publication. Carayannis, E. G. & Sagi, J. (2002). Exploiting opportunities of the new economy: Developing nations in support of the ICT Industry. Technovation, 22, 517–524. Carless, S. & Imber, A. (2007). Job and organizational characteristics. A construct evaluation of applicant perception. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 328-341. Cekada, T. L. (2012). Training a multigenerational workforce. Professional Safety, 57(3), 40-44. Cennamo, L. & Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organization values fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8): 891–906. CGD (Commission on Growth and Development) (2008). The growth report: Strategies for sustained growth and inclusive development. Washington: The World Bank. Chapman, D. S., Uggerslev, K. L., Carroll, S. A., Piasentin, K. A. & Jones, D. A. (2005). Applicant attraction to organizations and job choice: A meta-analytic review of the correlates of recruiting outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5): 928–944. Chen, Y. (2013). Effect of reverse mentoring on traditional mentoring functions. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 199-208. Claire-Ostwald, B. S. (2012). How to coach generation Y. Coaching at Work, 7(6), 54-55. Corporaal S. & Riemsdijk M. (2013). Attractive work for Generation Y: Comparing young job seekers’pPreferences with job and organizational characteristics of companies in healthcare, tech industry and the public sector. Saxion University of Applied Sciences. Corporate Leadership Council (2005). HR consideration for engaging Generation Y employers. Washington, DC: Corporate Executive Board. Costanza, D., Badger, J., Fraser, R., Severt, J. & Gade, P. (2012). Generational differences in work-related attitudes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business & Psychology, 27(4), 375-394. doi: 10.1007/s10869-012-9259-4 D’Amato, A., & Herzfeldt, R. (2008). Learning orientation, organizational commitment and talent retention across generations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 929-953. D’Netto, B. (2011). Generation Y: Human resource management implications. Retrieved from http://www.wbiconpro.com/452-Brian.pdf Deery, M. (2008). Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20 (7), 792-806. Deloitte (2016). 2016 Global mobile consumer survey: US edition. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/technology -media-and-telecommunications/articles/global -mobile-consumer-survey-us-edition.html Deloitte (2017). Apprehensive Millennials: Seeking stability and opportunities in an uncertain world. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ global/Documents/About-Deloitte/gx-deloitte-millennial-survey-2017-executive-summary.pdf Department of Statistic Malaysia (2017). Labour Force Survey Report, Malaysia, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r= column/cthemeByCat&cat=126&bul_id=SGZCNnMrWW9ZTE dpYys4YW0yRlhoQT09&menu_id=U3VPMldoYUxzVzFaYmNkWXZteGduZz09 Dessler, G. (2015). Human resource management, 14th ed. Pearson Education Limited. Edinburgh Gate: England Dries, N., Pepermans, R. & DeKerpel, E. (2008). Exploring four generations’ beliefs about career: Is “satisfied” the new “successful”? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 907-928. doi: org/10.1108/02683940810904394 Economic Planning Unit (2016). 11th Malaysia Plan Strategy Paper 15: Driving ICT in the Knowledge Economy. Retrieved from: http://www.epu.gov.my/sites/default/files/ Strategy%20Paper%2015.pdf Economist (2009). Public-service careers: A tough search for talent. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/world/internatinal/ displaystory.cfm?story_id=14753826. Eisner, S. P. (2005). Managing Generation Y. SAM Advanced Management Journal, Autumn ed., 4-15. Erickson, T. J. (2009, February). Gen Y in the workforce: How I learned to love millennials and stop worrying about what they are doing with their iPhones: Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2009/02/gen-y-in-the-workforce- 2. Evers, H-D, Nordin, R. & Nienkemper, P. (2010). Knowledge cluster formation in Peninsular Malaysia: The emergence of an epistemic landscape. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Retrieved from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691008 Fernandez, S. (2009). Comparing Generation X to Generation Y in work-related belief. Master’s Theses. Fieshbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour; An introduction to theory and research. Reading, Addison-Wesley: MA Galyani, M. G. & Moballeghi, M. (2008). How do we measure use of scientific journals? A note on research methodologies. Scientometrics, 76(1) 125-133 Gelbart, N. (2012). Gen Y: Who? Where? Y? Retrieved from http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/News-Media/Charter/Charterarticles/Business-management/2012-08-Who-Where-Y.aspx. Glass, A. (2007). Understanding generational differences for competitive success. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(2), 98-103. Gomes, D. & Neves, J. (2011). Organizational attractiveness and prospective applicants’ intentions to apply. Personnel Review, 40(6), 684-699 Great Place to Work (2014). What is a great workplace? Retrieved from: http://www.greatplacetowork.com/our-approach/ what-is-a-great-workplace. Greener, S. (2008). Business research methods. Copenhagen: Ventus Publishing ApS. Retrieved from https://kosalmath.files.wordpress.com/ 2010/08/introduction-to-research-methods.pdf Gunavathy, J. S. (2011). Work-life balance interventions prevalent in the Indian industry. South Asian Journal of Management, 18(2), 108-127. Hackman, J. & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory, Organizational Behaviour & human Performance, 16, 250-279. Hair, J. F. Jr., Money, A. H., Samouel, P. & Page, M. (2007). Research methods for business. West Sussex: Wiley Hansen, J. C. & Leuty, M. E. (2012). Work Values across Generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), 34-52. Harbi, S., Amamou, M. & Anderson, A. (2009). Establishing a High-Tech Industry; The Tunisian ICT experience. Science Direct, 29, 465-80. Hartman, J. L. & McCambrigde, J. (2011). Optimizing millennials’ communication styles. Business Communication Quarterly, 74(1), 22-44. Hay Group (2013). Gen Y and the world of work. Retrieved from https://social.hays.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Hays_Report_V4_02122013_ online.pdf Heinze, N. (2007). Why college undergraduates intend to pursue the information technology major: A multi-theoretical perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, United States: Florida. Helyer, R. & Lee, D. (2012). The twenty-first century multiple generation workforce: Overlaps and differences but also challenges and benefits. Education + Training, 54(7) 565-578. Hershatter, A. & Epstein, M. (2010). Millennials and the world of work: An organisation and management perspective. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25 (2), 211-23. Hewlet, S. A., Sherbin, L., & Sumberg, K. (2009). How gen y & boomers will reshape your agenda. Harvard Business Review, 87(7/8), 71-76. Highhouse, S., Lievens, F. & Sinar, E. F. (2003). Measuring attraction to organizations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(6): 986–100. Howe, N. & Strauss, W. (2007). The Next 20 Years: How customer and workforce attitudes will evolve. Harvard Business Review, 85, 41-52. Hutchinson, D., Brown, J. & Longworth, K. (2012). Attracting and maintaining the Y generation in nursing: a literature review. Journal of Nursing Management, 20, 444-450. Hyde, A. (2003). Working in Silicon Valley: Economic and legal analysis of a high velocity labor market. New York: Armonk. Isaksen, J. (2000). Constructing meaning despite the drudgery of repetitive work. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 40(3), 84-107. Jiang, T. & Iles, P. (2011). Employer-brand equity, organizational attractiveness and talent management in the Zhejiang private sector, China. Journal of Technology Management in China, 6(1): 97–110. Jyothi S.V. & Jyothi, P. (2012). Assessing work-life balance: From emotional intelligence and role efficacy of career women. Advances in Management, 5 (6), 35-43. Karkhanis, T. A. (2014). Impact of employer branding and applicants’ intentions to apply. An International Journal of Management Studies, 4(3). Retrieved from www.mgmt2day.griet.ac.in Khoo, J. (2009). Overcoming IT skills shortage through innovative HR imperatives for sustainable organisation in Ramachandran Ramasamy, ed. ICT Strategic Review 2009/10: Innovation the Way Forward. Kuala Lumpur, PIKOM/MOSTI: 133-140. Kmiotek, K. (2014). Professional development as a motivator of generation Y. CBU International Conference on Innovation. Technology Transfer and Education. 160-168 KPMG Investment Management and Funds (2007). Beyond the baby boomers: the rise of Generation Y. Opportunities and challenges for the funds management industry. Retrieved from http://bernardsalt.com.au/wpdev/wpcontent/ uploads/2015/12/Beyond_the_Baby_Boomers.pdf Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610 Kristensen, T.S., Hannerz, H., Hogh, A. & Borg, V. (2005). The Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire-a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 31(6), 438-449 Kupperschmidt, B. (2000). Multigeneration employees: Strategies for effective management. The Health Care Manager, 19, 65-76. Kyle, C. (2009). Millennials know what they want. Saskatoon Star Pheonix. Retrieved from http:www.canada.com/Business/Millennilas+know+ what+they+want/1494997/story.html Lindquist, T. (2008). Recruiting the millennium generation: The New CPA. The CPA Journal, 78(8), 56-59. Lowe, D., Levitt, K., & Wilson, T. (2008). Solutions for retaining generation Y employees in the workplace. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 3(3), 43-57. Lub, X., Bijvank, M.N., Bal, P.M., Blomme, R. & Schalk, R. (2012). Different or alike? Exploring the psychological contract and commitment of different generations of hospitality workers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 24(40, 553-573. doi: 1108/09596111211226824 Mai, Y. V. (2015). Millennials in the workplace. The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN. Malone, E. K. & Issa, R. A. (2013). Work-life balance and organizational commitment of women in the U.S. Construction Industry. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 139(2), 87-98. Mat Nor, N. (2007). Understanding the contribution of human resource management in the knowledge-based economy: Some evidences on the multimedia super corridor (MSC) status companies in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 9th International Human Resource Management Conference: Changes in Society, Changes in Organisations, and the Changing Role of HRM, Managing International Human Resources in a Complex World, (Tallinn, 12-15 June), Tallin. McCrindle, M. & Wolfinger, E. (2011). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the Global Generations. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd. Retrieved from http://mccrindle.com.au/ABCXYZ/downloads/TheABCofXYZ-Chapter-Preview.pdf McDermott, E., Mangan, J. and O’Connor, M. (2006), Graduate development programmes and satisfaction levels. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30(6), 456-71. McDonalds, K.S., & Hite, L.M. (2008). The next generation of career success: Implications for HRD. Advance in Developing Human Resources, 10, 86-103. McGraw, P., & Heidtman, D., (2009).Work life balance in Australian legal firms. International Journal of Employment Studies, 17(2), 1-33. McLeod, S. (2008). Erik Erikson psychological stages. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org /Erik-Erikson.html Meier, J. and Crocker, M. (2010). Generation Y in the workforce: Managerial challenges. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6(1), 68-79. Miller, J. (2006, April). Catching generation Y. CMA Management, 80(2), 13-14. Ministry of Human Resources (2016). Statistik Pekerjaan dan Perburuhan Siri 9 Bil. 3/2016 September. Retrieved from http://myhos.mohr.gov.my/ebook/istatistik3_2016/ bil3_2016.pdf Morrison, N (2015). Effectively recruiting millennial talent: Strategies for success. Quality Cities. 30-31. Murphy, W. (2012). Reverse mentoring at work: Fostering cross-generational learning and developing millennial leaders. Human Resource Management, 51(4), 549-573. Myers, K.K. and Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on millennials’ organizational relationships and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25 (2), 225-38. Ng, E. S. W., Schweitzer, L. & Lyons, S. T. (2010). New generation, great expectations: A field study of the millennial generation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 281–292. OECD (2006). ICT skills and employment. OECD information technology outlook 2006. Paris: OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/ internet/ieconomy/37487604.pdf OECD (2013). Southeast Asian economic outlook 2013: With perspectives on China and India. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/storage/ images/2013/economic/iai/SAEO2013%20Complete% 20light.pdf Oppel, W. A. (2007). Generational diversity: the future of the American workforce. Leadership Advance Online, 9, 1-3. Parry, E. & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1): 79–96. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials: A portrait of generation next. Retrieved from http://pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/ millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change-pdf PIKOM (2014). IT Job Market Outlook in Malaysia 2014. Retrieved from http://www.pikom.org.my/2014/ICT_Job_Market_Outlook_2014/140714_ICTJOBMARKET14_softcopy.pdf Plink, D. (2009). Retention Y what is the key to retention of generation Y? Whitepaper Generation Y. CRF Institute. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2012). Millennials at work: Reshaping the workforce. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/services/consulting/documents/millennials-at-work.pdf Puybaraud, M. (2010). Generation Y and the workplace annual report 2010, United Kingdom: Global Workplace Innovation. Retrieved from http://www.gbcsa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/NZGBC-Gen-Y-and-The-Workplace-Annual-Report-2010.pdf Randolph, N. (2008). Recruiting generation Y. San Diego Business Journal, 29(14), 19-19. Rawlins, C., Indvik, J. & Johnson, P. (2008). Understanding the new generation: What the millennial cohort absolutely, positively, must have at work. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 12(2), 1-8. Reynolds, L., Bush E.C. & Geist, R. (2008). The gen Y imperative. Communication World, 25 (2) 19-22. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2015). Organizational behavior (16th Ed.). Pearson Education Ltd. Edinburg Gate: England. Robert Half International and Yahoo!HotJobs (2008). What millennial workers want: How to attract and retain gen Y employees. Retrieved from: http://www.hotjobsresources.com/pdfs/MillennialWorkers.pdf. Robert Walters Sixth Whitepaper (n.d.). Attracting and retaining millennial professionals. Retrieved from https://www.robertwalters.com/content/dam/robert-walters/corporate/news-and-pr/files/whitepapers/attracting-and-retaining-millennials-UK.pdf Roongrerngsuke, S. & Liefooghe, A. (2013). Attracting gold-collar workers: Comparing organizational attractiveness and work-related values across generations in China, India and Thailand. Asia Pacific Business Review, 19 (3): 337–355. doi: 10.1080/13602381.2012.747784 Ross, P. & Ali, Y. (2011). Antecedents of employees’ loyalty in an emerging economy: The Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor Labour and Industry, 25-51. Sayers, R. (2007). The right staff from X to Y. Library Management, 28(8), 474-487. doi: 10.1108/01435120710837765 Shaffer, J. (2008). Gen Y Talent: How to attract and retain the young and the restless. Saba White Paper. Sharif, S. (2017). Statistics for nonstatisticians: Basic guide to SPSS. Ayer Hitam, Kedah: Muna Management Services & Enterprise Smith, K. T. (2010). Work-life balance perspectives of marketing professionals in generation Y. Services Marketing Quarterly, 31(4), 434-447. doi:10.1080/15332969.2010.510724 Smola, K. W. & Sutton, C. D. (2002). Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4): 363–382. doi:10.1002/job.147 Szamosi, L. T. (2006). Just what are tomorrow's SME employees looking for? Education and Training, 48(8/9), 654-665. doi: 10.1108/00400910610710074 Tan, K.S. & James, T. (2016). Managing skills challenges in ASEAN-5. Singapore Management University (SMU), J.P. Morgan. Retrieved from https://socsc.smu.edu.sg Tay, A. (2011). Managing generational diversity at the workplace: expectations and perceptions of different generations of employees. African Journal of Business Management, 5(2), 249-255. Retrieved from http:www.academicjournals.org/AJBM Tay, A., & Lee, S. T. (2012). Historical moments that are meaningful to the three generations of employees in Malaysia. World Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 48-56. Retrieved from http://wbiaus.org/5.%20Lee%20Su.pdf Terjesen, S., Vinnicombe, S. & Freeman, C. (2007). Attracting generation Y graduates: Organisational attributes, likelihood to apply and sex differences. Career Development International, 12 (6): 504–522. doi: 10.1108/13620430710821994 Tulgan, B. (2009). Not everyone gets a trophy: how to manage generation y. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J. & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36(5): 1117–1142. Universum (2014). Thailand’s most attractive employers – Law student 2014. Retrieved from http://universumglobal.com/rankings/thailand/student/2014/law/. Visser, F. & Williams, L. (2006). Work-life balance: rhetoric versus reality? London: The Work Foundation Warmerdam, A., Lewis, I. & Banks, T. (2015). Gen Y recruitment: Understanding graduate intentions to join an organization using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Education + Training, 57(5), 560-574. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0149206309352246 Williamson, I. O., Lepak, D. P., & King, J. (2003). The effect of company recruitment web site orientation on individuals' perceptions of organizational attractiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 242-263. doi: 10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00043-5 Woon, K. Y. (2012). Factors Influencing Generation Y’s Job Application Intention. Master Thesis. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. World Bank (2010) Malaysia Economic Monitor: Growth through Innovation. Bangkok: The World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMALAYSIA/Resources/324392-1271308532887/mem_april2010_fullreport.pdf Yahya, F. & Kaur, A. (2008). Indian skilled workers and professional talent in Southeast Asia. UNEAC Asia Papers: Special Issue Migration and Security: Political, Social and Economic Contexts of Migration, 23: 19-32. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/1356212/Indian_Skilled_Workers_and_Professional_Talent_in_Southeast_Asia Yeaton, K. (2008). Recruiting and managing the 'Why?' Generation: Gen Y. The CPA Journal, 78(4), 68-72. Zagenczyk, T., Gibney, R., Few, W. W., & Scott, K. (2011). Psychological contracts and organizational identification: The mediating effect of perceived organizational support. Journal of Labor Research, 32, 254-281. doi: 10.1007/s12122-011-9111-z Zemke, R., Raines, C. & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at work: Managing the clash of veterans, boomers, Xers, and nexters in your workplace. AMACOM: New York. Zhang, W. (2007). Why IS. Understanding undergraduate students’ intention to choose an information system major. Journal of Information Systems Education, 18(4), 447-458. Retrieved from http://jise.org/Volume18/18-4/Pdf/V18N4P447-abs.pdf Zigarmi, D., Houson, D., Witt, D. & Diehl, J. (2011). What important in creating a motivating work environment and whose job is it? Employee Work Passion, the Ken Blanchard Companies, 4, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.blanchardnederland.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Blanchard_Employee_Passion_Vol_4.pdf Zikmund, W. (2003). Business research methods (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.