The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees

The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees

Safety behavior is vital in reducing injuries and accident in the workplace by identifying the workplace hazard, and to combat them to the minimal accident rate. It has positive influence on both employees and employers behavior towards safety and health. This study explored the relationship between...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ching, Sea Lee
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2017
Subjects:
T55-55.3 Industrial Safety
Industrial Accident Prevention
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/1/s818698_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/2/s818698_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7243
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Subramanian, Chandrakantan
Ibrahim, Hadziroh
topic T55-55.3 Industrial Safety
Industrial Accident Prevention
spellingShingle T55-55.3 Industrial Safety
Industrial Accident Prevention
Ching, Sea Lee
The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
description Safety behavior is vital in reducing injuries and accident in the workplace by identifying the workplace hazard, and to combat them to the minimal accident rate. It has positive influence on both employees and employers behavior towards safety and health. This study explored the relationship between safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas workers in Terengganu. The information was collected by questionnaire distribution to offshore oil and gas workers and the total numbers of workers responded was 170 out of 300. The finding of this study revealed that safety leadership with respect to safety policy is positively significant with safety behavior. Besides, safety motivation is proven that it has positive significant relationship with safety behavior. Besides, the relationship between safety knowledge and safety compliance has a positively significant relationship between these two variables. Lastly, the results obtained from this study also revealed that there is a positively significant relationship between safety leadership with respect to safety motivation with safety participation. The findings give an insightful information and guidance for researchers and practitioners to identify solutions that can help to improve safety and health at workplace.
format Thesis
qualification_name other
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ching, Sea Lee
author_facet Ching, Sea Lee
author_sort Ching, Sea Lee
title The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
title_short The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
title_full The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
title_fullStr The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
title_full_unstemmed The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
title_sort influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2017
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/1/s818698_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/2/s818698_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828180804173824
spelling my-uum-etd.72432021-05-09T02:19:42Z The influence of safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas employees 2017 Ching, Sea Lee Subramanian, Chandrakantan Ibrahim, Hadziroh Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business T55-55.3 Industrial Safety. Industrial Accident Prevention Safety behavior is vital in reducing injuries and accident in the workplace by identifying the workplace hazard, and to combat them to the minimal accident rate. It has positive influence on both employees and employers behavior towards safety and health. This study explored the relationship between safety knowledge, safety leadership, and safety motivation towards safety behavior among offshore oil and gas workers in Terengganu. The information was collected by questionnaire distribution to offshore oil and gas workers and the total numbers of workers responded was 170 out of 300. The finding of this study revealed that safety leadership with respect to safety policy is positively significant with safety behavior. Besides, safety motivation is proven that it has positive significant relationship with safety behavior. Besides, the relationship between safety knowledge and safety compliance has a positively significant relationship between these two variables. Lastly, the results obtained from this study also revealed that there is a positively significant relationship between safety leadership with respect to safety motivation with safety participation. The findings give an insightful information and guidance for researchers and practitioners to identify solutions that can help to improve safety and health at workplace. 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/1/s818698_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7243/2/s818698_02.pdf text eng public other masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Akpan, E. I. (2011). Effective safety and health management policy for improved performance of organizations in Africa. Management, 6(3), 159–165. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.472.8114&rep=rep1&type=pdf Aksorn, T., & Hadikusumo, B.H.W. (2008). Critical success factors influencing safety program performance in Thai construction projects. Safety Science, 46(4), 709–727. Al-Hadir, S., Panuwatwanich, K., & Stewart, R.A. (2015). Empirical analysis of the impacts of safety motivation and safety climate on safety behavior. Retrieved from http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/ handle/10072/54434/86057_1.pdf;jsessionid= D05BAC5C3785DC10162748FB12F05150?sequence=1 Anderson, M. (2005). Behavioural safety and major accident hazards. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 83(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1205/psep.04230 Antonelli, A., Baker, M., McMahon, A., & Wright, M. (2006). Six SME case studies that demonstrate the business benefit of effective management of occupational health and safety. Research Report 504. HSE Books, Sudbury Arboleda, A., Morrow, P.C., Crum, M.R., & Shelley, M. (2003). Management practices as antecedents of safety culture within the trucking industry: similarities and differences by hierarchical level. Journal of Safety Research, 34(2), 189–197, doi:10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00071-3 Authors, F. (2006). Engineering, construction and architectural management article information. Retrieved from AIP Conference Proceedings 1761, 020080. doi: 10.1063/1.4960920 Aswathappa, K. (2004). Human resource and personnel management: Text and cases. (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw–Hill. Barling, J., Loughlin, C., & Kelloway, E.K. (2002). Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 488-496. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.488 Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (1990). The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 231-272. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Bass, B.M., & Avolio, B.J. (1997). Full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Palo Alto,CA: Sage. Becher, E. C., & Chassin, M. R. (2001). Improving quality, minimizing error: Making it happen. Health Affairs, 20(3), 68–81. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.3.68 Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. NY: John Wiley & Sons. Boschee, P. (2014). Improving human performance: Tackling the challenges to develop effective safety cultures. Oil and Gas Facilities, (June), 23. Retrieved from https://www.onepetro.org/ journal-paper/SPE-0614-0018-OGF CFMEU (Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union) (2005).Submission to the New South Wales Government Mine Safety Review 2004. Chen, S., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., & Zheng, X. (2015). Influence of management behavior on the skilled labor migrations unsafe behavior. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(3), 877-893. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1397 Cheng, E.W.L., Li, H., Fang, D.P., & Xie, F. (2004). Construction safety management: An exploratory study from China. Construction Innovation, 4(4), 229–241. doi: 10.1108/14714170410815114 Choudhry, R.M., Fang, D., & Ahmed, S. (2008). Safety management in construction: Best practices in Hong Kong. Journal of professional issues in engineering education and practice. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2008)134:1(20) Christ, G. (2015). Safety 2015: The oil and gas industry's death problem. Retrieved from http://ehstoday.com/safety-leadership/safety-2015-oil-and-gas-industry-s-death-problem Christian, M.S, Bradley, J.C., Wallace, J.C., & Burke, M.J. (2009). Workplace safety: Ameta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103-1127. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0016172. Cooper, M. D. (1998). Improving Safety Culture: A Practical Guide. Wiley: Chichester. Cooper, D. (2010). Safety Leadership: Application in construction site. Supplemento A, Psychology, 32(1), A18-A23. Cordner, L. (2013). Offshore oil and gas safety and security in the Asia Pacific. The need for regional approaches to managing risks. Retrieved from http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/ 2014/07/Monograph2613.pdf Crichton, M. (2005). Attitudes to teamwork, leadership, and stress in oil industry drilling teams. Safety Science 43, 679696. Crocker, M. (1995). The economics of safety management. A paper given to Travers Morgan Ltd at Watford, London, Internal Publication. Davis, J. A. (1971). Elementary survey analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New York: Prentice Hall. DePasquale, J.P., & Geller, E.S. (1999). Critical success factors for behaviour-based safety: A study of twenty industry-wide applications. Journal of Safety Research 30 (4), 237–249. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals, Annual Review of Psychology, 109-33. Evelyn, A.L.T., Florence, Y.Y.Y., & Derrick, S.Y.O. (2005). Fostering safe work behaviour in workers at construction sites, Journal of Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(4), 410-422 Firth-Cozens, J. (2004). Organisational trust: the keystone to patient safety. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 13(1), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2003.007971 Fleming, M. (2012). Assessing employee safety motivation. Retrieved from http://www.worksafebc.com/contact_us/research/ funding_decisions/assets/pdf/2012/rs2010-dg08. pdf. Fraley, C., & Roberts, B. (2005). Patterns of continuity: A dynamic model for conceptualizing the stability of individual differences in psychological constructs across the life course, Psychological Review, 112, 60–74. Garrett, R.B., & Perry, A.J. (1996). A safer way to move patients. Occupational Health and Safety 65 (9), 60–64. Gershwin, M. C. (1994). What workplace education programs need to know about behaviour change: Tapping the work of Kurt Lewin. Retrieved from http://cmapspublic.ihmc.us Ghani, M.K., Abdul Hamid, Z., Mohd Zain, M.Z., Abdul Rahim, A.H., Mohamad Kamar, K.A., & Abdul Rahman, M.A. (2010). Safety in malaysian construction: The challenges and initiatives. Contruction Research Institute Malaysia (CREAM), CIDB Malaysia. Gledart, S., Smith, H.S., Shannon, & Lohfeld, L. (2010). Organizational practices and workplace health and safety: A cross-sectional study in manufacturing companies, Safety Science, 48, 562–569. Gordon, R. (1998). The contribution of human factors to accidents in the offshore oil industry. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 61 (Reliabiliy Engineering and System Safety), 95–108. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S0951832098800033 Griffin, M.A., & Neal, A. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.3.347 Gunningham, N. (2007). Mine safety: Law, regulation, policy. Sydney: Federation Press. Gyekye. S. A. (2005). Workers’ perceptions of workplace safety and job satisfaction. Journal of International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE), Vol.11, No. 3, 291-302. Hakkinen, K. (1995). A learning-by-doing strategy to improve top management involvement in safety. Safety Science, 20(2–3), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7535(95)00028-F Haq, N. (2014, October). Malaysia oil and gas industry: A brief legal introduction. Retrieved from http://www.hhq.com.my/2014/10/malaysias-oil-and-gas-industry-a-brief-legal-introduction/ Hassan, C. C., Basha, O. J., & Hanafi, W. W. (2007). Perception of building construction workers towards safety, health and environment. Journal of Engineering Science and technology, 2(3), 271-279. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Perception+ of+building+construction+workers+towards+safety%2C+health+and+environment Hinze, J. & Appelgate, L.L. (1991). Costs of construction injuries, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 537-550. Hinze, J., Pedersen, C., & Fredley, J. (1998). Identifying Root Causes of Construction Injuries. Journal of Construction, 124(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364 (1998)124:1(67) Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Landy, F. (1995). High reliability process industries: Individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 26(3), 131–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022- 4375(95)00011-E Hofmann, D.A., Morgeson, F.P., & Gerras, S.J. (2003). Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and content specific citizenship: Safety climate as an exemplar. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 170-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.88.1.170 Homans. G.C. (1961). Social behavior. NY: Harcourt Brace. Hopton, J.G. (1969). Accident prevention in the construction industry, Proceedings of the conference safety on construction sites – Discussion, 12-13 March (1969), The Institution of Civil Engineers, London. Hunag, H., Ho, M., Smith, S., & Chen,Y.(2006). Safety climate and self -reported injury: assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38, 425–433. Hsu, S. H., Lee, C. C., Wu, M. C., & Takano, K. (2008). A cross-cultural study of organizational factors on safety: Japanese vs. Taiwanese oil refinery plants. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.03.020 Inness, M., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Stride, C.B. (2010). Transformational Leadership and Employee Safety Performance: A Within-Person, Between-Jobs Design. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , Vol. 15, No. 3, 279–290. http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0019380 Ismail, F., Torrance, J.V., & Abdul Majid, M.Z. (2007). The reflection of management commitment on OSH within the Malaysia construction organisation. Proceeding of the 10th Conference and Exhibition of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Malaysia, 179-185. Johnson, S.E. (2003). Behavioral safety theory: Understanding the theoretical foundation. Journal of Professional Safety, 48 (10). Kane-Urrabazo, C. (2006). Management's role in shaping organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Management. Issues in Collaboration in Nursing Management 14 (3), 188–194 Kane-urrabazo, C., & Paso, E. (2006). Management's role in shaping organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(2000), 188–194. Kanten, S. (2013). The relationships among working conditions, safety climate, safe behavior and occupational accidents: An empirical research on the marble workers. The Microtheme Review,2(4), 173-182 Kapp, A., Smith, M.J., Loushine, T.W. & Hoonakker, P. (2003). Safety and quality management systems in construction: Some insight from contractors. Journal of Management and Engineering, 13(5), 70-75. Khdair, W. A., Shamsudin, F. M., & Subramaniam, C. (2011). A proposed relationship between management practices and safety performance in the oil and gas industry in Iraq. World Review of Busines Research, 1(3), 27–45. Komaki, J., Heinzmann, A.T., & Lawson, L. (1980). Effect of training and feedback: Component analysis of behavioural safety program. Journal of applied psychology, 65(3), 261-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010. 65.3.261 Laman Web Rasmi Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial. Retrieved from http://www.perkeso.gov.my/my/ laporan-tahunan.html Leape, L.L. (1994). Error in medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 272, 1851–1857. Leung, M.Y., Chong, A., Ng, S. T., & Cheung, M. C. K. (2004). Demystifying stakeholders’ commitment and its impacts on construction projects. Construction Management and Economics, 22(7), 701–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000300736 Lu, C., & Yang, C. (2010). Safety leadership and safety behavior in container terminal operations, 48, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.05.003 Mahmood, R., Isa, M. M., Mustafa, M., Aziz, F. A., & Salleh, A. (2010). Safety behaviour: The role of safety commitment. In International Conference on Business and Economic Research (ICBER) (pp. 15-16). Mark, C., & David, C. (2000). Safety training – a special case? Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(9), 481-490, doi:10.1108/03090590010358205 McDonald, N., & Hrymak, V. (2003). Safety behaviour in the construction sector, Report of Health and Safety Authority, Dublin & the Health and Safety Executive, Northern Ireland, 1-82 Mearns, K., Flin, R., Fleming, M., & Gordon, R. (1997). Human and organizational factors, offshore safety report (OTH 543). HSE Books, Suffolk Mearns, K., Whitaker, S. M., & Flin, R. (2003). Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Safety Science, 41(8), 641–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(02)00011-5 Mearns, K., Whitaker, S. M., & Flin, R. (2003). Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Safety Science, 41(8), 641–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(02)00011-5 Meshkati, N. (2006). Safety and human factors considerations in control rooms of oil and gas pipeline systems: conceptual issues and practical observations. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE., 12(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2006.11076669 Minna, P. (2010). Safety Leadership - Towards Better Safety Performance. Retrieved from https://www.prevencionintegral.com/en/canal-orp/ papers/orp-2010/safety-leadership-towards-better-safety-performance Mohamed,S. (2003). Scorecard approach to benchmarking organizational safety culture in construction. Journal of Construction Engineering Management 129 (1), 80-88. Moller, L., Pedersen, & Kines, P. (2011). Why do workers work safely? Development of safety motivation questionnaire scales. Journal of Science Monitor Vol 15 Retrieved from http://ssmon.chb.kth.se/volumes/vol15/10_ Pedersen-Kines.pdf Mullen, J. (2004). Investigating factors that influence individual safety behavior at work. Journal of Safety Research, 35(3), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.011 Mullen, J., Kelloway, K., & Teed, M., (2011). Inconsistent style of leadership as a predictor of safety behavior. Journal of Work and Stress Mthalane, D., Othman, A. A., & Pearl, R. G. (2000). The economic and social impacts of site accidents on the South African society, (1326022687). Neal, A., Griffin,M.A., & Hart, P.M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science 34, 99-109 Neal,A., & Griffin,M.A. (2002). Safety climate and safety behavior. Australian Journal of Management 27, 67-76 Neal, A.F., & Griffin, M.A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 946-953.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010. 91.4.946 O’Dea, A., & Flin, R. (2001). Site managers and safety leadership in the offshore oil and gas industry. Safety Science 37, 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00049-7 O’Dea, A., & Flin, R. (2003). The Role of Managerial Leadership in Determining Workplace Safety Outcome. Research Report 044, Health & Safety Executive. UK O’Toole, M., (2002). The relationship between employees’ perceptions of safety and organizational culture. Journal of Safety Research, 33, 231-243. Panuwatwanich, K., Al-Haadir, S., & Stewart, R. A. (2017). Influence of safety motivation and climate on safety behaviour and outcomes: evidence from the Saudi Arabian construction industry. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 23(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2016.1235424 Porta, M. (2008). A dictionary of epidemiology. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 320 p Probst, T. M., & Estrada, A. X. (2010). Accident under-reporting among employees: Testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(5), 1438–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.027 Richardson, A., & Storr, J. (2010). Patient safety: a literature [corrected] review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration. Int Nurs Rev., 57(1), 12-21. Rivilis, I., Cole, D.C., Frazer, M.B., Kerr, M.S., Wells, R.P., & Ibrahim, S. (2006). Evaluation of a participatory ergonomic intervention aimed at improving musculoskeletal health. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 49, 801–810 Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., & Fong, D. (1998). Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites” International Journal of Project Management. Vol.17, pp,309-315. Schein, E. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership. 3rd edition. Jossey Bass. 437 p. Seibokaite, L., & Endriulaitiene, A. (2012). The role of personality traits, work motivation and organizational safety climate in risky occupational performance of professional drivers. Baltic Journal of Management, 7(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261211195892 Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Seppala, A. (1995). Promoting safety by training supervisors and safety representatives for daily safety work. Safety Science 20, 317–322 Sexton, J. B., Thomas, E. J., & Helmreich, R. L. (2001). Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 320(7237), 745. Siu, O. L., Phillips, D. R., & Leung, T. W. (2003). Age differences in safety attitudes and safety performance in Hong Kong construction workers. Journal of Safety Research, 34(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00072-5 Simard, M., & Marchand, A. (1994). The behaviour of first-line supervisors in accident prevention and effectiveness in occupational safety. Safety Science, 17(3), 169–185. Smith, M.J., Cohen, H.H., Cohen, A., & Cleveland, R.J. (1975). On-site observations of safety practices in plants with differential safety performance. In National Safety Congress Transactions, Vol.12, National Safety Council, Chicago. Subramaniam, C. (2004). Human factors influencing fire safety measures. Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol.13, pp.110–116. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/ 09653560410534243 Sulastre, M.Z., & Faridah, I. (2012). Employers’ behavioral safety compliance factors toward occupational, safety and health improvement in the construction industry. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences 36, 742-751 from file:///C:/Users/CSL/Downloads/Employers%E2%80% 99%20Behavioural%20Safety%20Compliance%20Factors%20toward.pdf Tam, C.M., Fung, I.W.H., & Chan, A.P.C. (2001). Study of attitude changes in people after the implementation of a new safety management system: the supervision plan. Construction Management and Economics 19 (4), 393–403 Tappen, R. M., Weiss, S. A., & Whitehead, D. K. (2004). Essentials of nursing leadership and management. 3rd.Edition. Philadelphia: EA Davis Company. The Official Portal of Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation.(2016) Retrieved from http://www.matrade.gov.my/en/foriegn-buyers-section/70-industry-write-up--services/547-petroleum-oil-a-gas The Oil & Gas Year The Who’s Who of the Global Energy Industry http://www.theoilandgasyear.com/ content/uploads/2015/04/TOGY_MALAYSIA_2015.pdf Uribe, C. L., Schweikhart, S. B., Pathak, D. S., Marsh, G. B., & Fraley, R. R. (2002). Perceived barriers to medical-error reporting: an exploratory investigation. Journal of Healthcare Management, 47(4), 263-279. Varonen, V., & Mattila, M. (2000). The safety climate and its relationship to safety practices, safety of the work environment and occupational accidents eight wood-processing companies,” Accident Analysis and Prevention, vol. 32, pp. 761–769, 2000. Vijayakumar, T. (2007). Achieve total safety culture through behaviour based safety, Proceeding of the 10th conference and exhibition of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Malaysia, 303-313 Vinodkumar, M.N, & Bhasi, M. (2010). Safety management practices and safety behavior: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Journal of Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 2082-2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.06.021 Vinodkumar, M.N., & Bhasi, M. (2011). A study on the impact of management system certification on safety management. Safety Science, 49(3), 498-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010. 11.009 Vogel, L., & Bester, C. J. (2005). A relationshp between accidents types and causes, (July), 233–241. Vredenburgh, A.G. (2002). Organizational safety: Which management practices are most effective in reducing employee injury rates? Journal of safety Research, 33(2), 259-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00016-6 Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation, Oxford: Wiley. Wong, F.K.W, Chan, S.C.M., Tse, R.Y.C., & Love, P.E.D. (2000). Improving safety knowledge through training-The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Safety Research, Vol 33(2), 259-276. http://hdl.handle.net/10397/10112 Wu, T.C. (2001). The correlational study between safety climate and safety performance in four categories of manufacturing industries in the Central Taiwan. Dissertation. Taiwan, Republic of China: National Changhua University of Education. Wu, T., Chang, S., Shu, C., Chen, C., & Wang, C. (2011). Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries : The mediating role of safety climate, 24, 716–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.04.007 Wu, T.C., Chen, C.H., & Li, C.C. (2007). Correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 6(3), 261-272 Yule, S. (2003). Senior management influences on safety in the UK and US energy sectors. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen Yule, S., Flin, R., & Murdy, A. (2007). The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk-taking at work. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 7(2), 137-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2007.011727 Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., & Iverson, R. (2005). High-performance work systems and occupational safety,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, pp.77–93. Retrieved from http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.90.1.77 Zin, Mat, S., & Ismail, F. (2012). Employers’ behavioural safety compliance factors toward occupational, safety and health improvement in the construction industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 36 (June 2011): 742–51. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.081 Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business Research Methods. (7th ed.). South-Western: Thomson Learning Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C. & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods. (8th ed.). South-Western: Cengage Learning Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications. Journal of Applied Psychology 65, 96-102. Retrieved from http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.1.96 Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: testing the effect of group climate on micro accidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology 85, 587–596. Retrieved from http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10. 1037/0021-9010.85.4.587 Zohar, D. (2002). Modifying supervisory practices to improve subunit safety: A leadership-based intervention model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 156-163. Retrieved from http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10. 1037/0021-9010.87.1.156 Zohar, D., & Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 616−628. Retrieved from http://sci-hub.cc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.90.4.616 Zohar, D. (2010). Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(5), 1517–1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009. 12.019

Similar Items