Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah

Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) introduced NILAM Programme in 1999 to encourage reading habits in school. Past research found that NILAM Programme not yet to achieve its objective, but there are excellent schools in NILAM activities that received recognition from MOE. Therefore, this study iden...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/1/Depositpermission_s95082.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/2/s95082_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/3/s95082_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7447
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
eng
advisor Dali, Mohd. Hasani
Saidin, Khaliza
topic LB2801-3095 School administration and organization
spellingShingle LB2801-3095 School administration and organization
Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir
Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
description Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) introduced NILAM Programme in 1999 to encourage reading habits in school. Past research found that NILAM Programme not yet to achieve its objective, but there are excellent schools in NILAM activities that received recognition from MOE. Therefore, this study identifies the best practice of the principal as the literacy leader, internal and external factors which influenced the principal’s literacy leadership, and the role of the principal’s literacy leadership in increasing students’ motivation and reading interest through NILAM Programme. Research was conducted in three excellent schools in NILAM Programme. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews and document analysis. 22 respondents were involved, namely the principal, teachers, School Resource Coaches, Education Technology Officers and students. Document analysis were involved 55 school documents from 2005-2015. Data was thematically analysed through the content analysis method. Research findings showed that there are seven best practice of principal’s literacy leadership, namely the NILAM Programme leader, goal and direction setting, resource manager, change agents, encouraging the students, supporting the teachers and developing leadership. There are five internal factors that has influenced the principal’s literacy leadership, which are NILAM Programme committee, attitude, awareness and principals’ personal factors, strength of School Resource Centre, culture and reading interest, and students’ achievements. The five external factors are the role of government bodies, role of parents and Parent Teacher Association, private agencies, alumni and school recognition. Findings also showed that the principal focus on specific approaches to improving student’s motivation and reading interest. The research inputs produced the Secondary School Literacy Leadership Model as a guide to the principal. It is recommended that NILAM Programme be implemented in principal training, integrated in learning, and the principal’s role in the reading habits needs to be strengthened. Further research in various principal literacy leadership aspects has to be carried out to increase reading habits.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir
author_facet Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir
author_sort Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir
title Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
title_short Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
title_full Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
title_fullStr Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
title_full_unstemmed Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah
title_sort amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi program nilam : kajian kes di negeri kedah
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/1/Depositpermission_s95082.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/2/s95082_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/3/s95082_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828220210708480
spelling my-uum-etd.74472022-10-11T02:52:04Z Amalan terbaik kepimpinan literasi pengetua dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan minat membaca pelajar menerusi Program Nilam : kajian kes di negeri Kedah 2018 Zuridah Hanim, Md. Akhir Dali, Mohd. Hasani Saidin, Khaliza Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences LB2801-3095 School administration and organization Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) introduced NILAM Programme in 1999 to encourage reading habits in school. Past research found that NILAM Programme not yet to achieve its objective, but there are excellent schools in NILAM activities that received recognition from MOE. Therefore, this study identifies the best practice of the principal as the literacy leader, internal and external factors which influenced the principal’s literacy leadership, and the role of the principal’s literacy leadership in increasing students’ motivation and reading interest through NILAM Programme. Research was conducted in three excellent schools in NILAM Programme. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews and document analysis. 22 respondents were involved, namely the principal, teachers, School Resource Coaches, Education Technology Officers and students. Document analysis were involved 55 school documents from 2005-2015. Data was thematically analysed through the content analysis method. Research findings showed that there are seven best practice of principal’s literacy leadership, namely the NILAM Programme leader, goal and direction setting, resource manager, change agents, encouraging the students, supporting the teachers and developing leadership. There are five internal factors that has influenced the principal’s literacy leadership, which are NILAM Programme committee, attitude, awareness and principals’ personal factors, strength of School Resource Centre, culture and reading interest, and students’ achievements. The five external factors are the role of government bodies, role of parents and Parent Teacher Association, private agencies, alumni and school recognition. Findings also showed that the principal focus on specific approaches to improving student’s motivation and reading interest. The research inputs produced the Secondary School Literacy Leadership Model as a guide to the principal. It is recommended that NILAM Programme be implemented in principal training, integrated in learning, and the principal’s role in the reading habits needs to be strengthened. Further research in various principal literacy leadership aspects has to be carried out to increase reading habits. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/1/Depositpermission_s95082.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/2/s95082_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7447/3/s95082_02.pdf text eng public http://sierra.uum.edu.my/record=b1697781~S1 Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Affidah Morni, & Siti Huzaimah Sahari. (2013). The impact of living environment on reading attitudes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101, 415–425. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.215 Alred, A., Labat, M. B., Eadens, D. W., Labat, C. A., & Eadens, D. M. (2016). The impact of principal emotional intelligence on teacher perceptions of school climate. International Research in Higher Education, 1(2), 127–132. http://doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v1n2p127 Anderson, M. H., & Sun, P. Y. T. (2017). Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new “full-range” theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 76–96. http://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12082 Annamalai, S., & Muniandy, B. (2013). Reading habit and attitude among Malaysian Polytechnic Students. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(1), 32–41. Antoniou, F. (2014). One for all or all for one? Do principal’s and teacher’s goal orientations affect students’ achievement in reading, spelling and vocabulary? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 484–490. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.153 Arumugam Raman, Ruuhina Mohd Sani, & Paramjit Kaur. (2014). Facebook as a collaborative and communication tool: A study of Secondary School Students in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155(October), 141–146. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.270 Ayers, B. J., & Miller, M. (2009). Informing adolescent literacy policy and practice : Lessons learned from the striving readers program. Washington DC. Azizi Yahaya, Halimah Maalip, Noordin Yahaya, & Theng, L. T. (2011). Hubungan gaya kepimpinan guru besar dengan faktor-faktor kepimpinan di sekolah cemerlang. Journal of Educational Mangement, 1(March), 48–70. Muat turun dari http://eprints.utm.my/12152/ Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya, & Lim, T. T. (2010). Gaya kepimpinan guru besar dan hubungan dengan faktor-faktor kepimpinan di sekolah penerima anugerah sekolah cemerlang di negeri Melaka. Journal of Science & Mathematics Education. (Unpublished), 1–19. Azlin Norhaini Mansor, Mohd Sattar Rasul, Rose Amnah Abd Rauf, Koh, B. L., Rose Amnah Abd. Rauf, & Koh, B. L. (2012). Developing and sustaining reading habit among teenagers. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, (1997). http://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-012-0017-1 Badariah Sani, Muhamad Noor Wan Chik, Yah Awang Nik, & Nor Adeena Raslee. (2011). The reading motivation and reading strategies used by undergraduates in University Teknologi MARA Dungun, Terengganu. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2(1), 32–39. http://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.1.32-39 Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan. (2004). Laporan kajian penilaian Program NILAM 2004. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan. (2008). Program NILAM: Konsep dan panduan pelaksanaan di sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan. (2014). Laporan I-NILAM. Muat turun daripada http://nilam.tarantula.my/index.php Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan. (2016). Panduan NILAM yang ditambahbaik. Muat turun daripada http://btp.moe.gov.my/media/PSP/Panduan_NILAM_ yang_ditambahbaik.pdf Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan Negeri Kedah. (2017). Koleksi E-Buletin. Muat turun daripada http://btpnkedah.moe.gov.my/ Baker, L., & Wigfield, A. (1999). Dimensions of children’s motivation for reading and their relations to reading activity and reading achievement. Reading Research Quarterlyd, 34(4), 452–477. http://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.34.4.4 Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development: Six theories of child development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Barr, J., & Saltmarsh, S. (2014). “It all comes down to the leadership.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(4), 491–505. http://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213502189 Bean, R., & Lillenstein, J. (2012). Response to intervention and the changing roles of schoolwide personnel. The Reading Teacher, 65(7), 491–501. http://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.01073 Beabout, B. R. (2014). Principles of leading change: An inductive analysis from Post-Katrina New Orleans. Policy Futures in Education, 12(8), 151–172. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-100-7_10 Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open, 2, 8–14. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001 Berg, B. L. (2007). Qualitative research methods for social sciences. 6th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. Bergman, D. (2013). Motivation and middle school readers: The nature of motivation among adolescents struggling readers who made notable gains while in middle school. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3564728). Bickmore, D. L., & Dowell, M.-M. S. (2015). A case study of middle grades leadership in a conversion charter school. NASSP Bulletin, 99(1), 43–69. http://doi.org/10.1177/0192636515575602 Biancarosa, G., and Snow, C. E,. (2004). Reading next - a vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy. A Report to Carnegie Corporation of New York (2nd. Ed) Washington, D.C: Alliance For Excellent Education. Bicknell, M. G. (2015). Effects of a school-wide reading literacy plan on reading skills: a retrospective, quasi-experimental study. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3707413) Blake, B., & Pope, T. (2008). Developmental psychology : Incorporating Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories in classrooms. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 1(1), 59–67. Bokhorst-Heng, W., & Pereira, D. (2008). Non-at-risk adolescents’ attitudes towards reading in a Singapore Secondary School. Journal of Research in Reading, 31(3), 285–301. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2008.00369.x Bongarten, R. T. (2006). Characteristics of an effective literacy principals. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3249525) Booth, D., & Rowsell, J. (2007). The literacy principal. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers. Bowditch, D. (2011). Impact of self -concept and task value on adolescents’ motivation to read: A mixed methods study of fourth, sixth and eight grades. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3492290) Breen, R. L. (2006). A practical guide to focus-group research. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 30(3), 463–475. http://doi.org/10.1080/03098260600927575 Brinson, D., Dwyer, E. J., Scott, P. H., & Foley, V. (2012). Laboratory school leaders provide support for literacy. NALS Journal, 3(1). Brisson, P. M. (2010). The literacy-related practices of principals in high schools with improved student reading achievement. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3424897) Busayo, I. O. (2011). The school library as a foundational step to childrens’ effective reading habits. Library Philosophy and Practice (E-Journal). Cassidy, J., & Ortlieb, E. (2013). What was hot (and not) in literacy: What we can learn. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 57(1), 21–29. http://doi.org/10.1002/JAAL.215 Chan, Y. F., Sidhu, G. K., & Y.F. Chan, S. G. K. (2009). Leadership characteristics of an excellent principal in Malaysia. International Education Studies, 2(4), 106–116. Chen, P. H., & Wu, J. R. (2010). Rewards for reading: their effects on reading motivation. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 3, 1–8. Chen, S. Y. (2009). Functions of reading and adults’ reading interests. Reading Improvement, 108–117. Chettri, K., & Rout, S. K. (2013). Reading habits: An overview. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 14(6), 13–17. Chew, F. P. (2012). Literacy among the secondary schools students in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(6), 546–550. http://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.168 Choy, S. C., Sedhu, D. S., Liew, Y. L., Lee, M. Y., Malenee, A., & Anuar, N. (2015). Influence of culture on students’ awareness of how and why they learn. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 12(1), 49–67. Cohen, S. E. (2011). Motivating Factors : In - School and Out Of School Literacy Practices. University of Kansas. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3450541) Conradi, K., Jang, B. G., Bryant, C., Craft, A., & McKenna, M. C. (2013). Measuring adolescents’ attitudes toward reading: A classroom survey. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 56(7), 565–576. http://doi.org/10.1002/JAAL.183 Cosner, S. (2011). Supporting the initiation and early development of evidence-based grade level collaboration in Urban Elementary School: Key roles and strategies of principals and literacy coordinators. Urban Education, 46(4), 786–827. http://doi.org/10.1177/0042085911399932 Cox, S. C. (2010). Elementary principals’ literacy practices and their relationship to student achievement in reading. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3407611) Crum, K., Sherman, W. H. , & Myran, S. (2009). Best practices of succesful elementary school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(1, 2009), 48–63. http://doi.org/10.1108/09578231011015412 Cresswell, J.W., & Clark, V. L (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Cresswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. United State of America: Sage Publications Incorporated. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. United State of America: Pearson Education Limited Cuevas, J. A., Russell, R. L., & Irving, M. A. (2012). An examination of the effect of customized reading modules on diverse secondary students’ reading comprehension and motivation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 60(3), 445–467. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-012-9244-7 Dai, W. (2013). Correlates of the reading interest of Chinese High School Students in International Schools. Asian Social Science, 9(3). http://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n3p164 Danner, D. M. (2014). Principal leadership strategies: Reforming literacy instruction through data-driven decision-making. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3629584) Darlington., Y. & Scott. D. (2002). Qualitative research in practice: Stories from the field. Buckingham: Open University Press Dempster, N. (2012). Principals leading learning: developing and applying a leadership framework. International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 40(1), 49–62. http://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2011.644316 Dempster, N., Konza, D., Robson, G., Gaffney, M., Lock, G., Mckennariey, K., & Pilots, N. (2012). Principals as literacy leaders: confident, credible and connected. Australian Primary Principals Association. Dempster, N., Smith, C. W., & Johnson, G. (2014). Principals leading literacy in secondary schools. HKPI Monograph Series (Vol. 53). Doepker, G. M., & Ortlieb, E. (2011). Preserving adolescent readership through interest and motivation. International Journal of Education, 3(1), 1–7. Drew, S. V. (2012). Open up the ceiling on the common core state standards: Preparing students for 21st-century literacy-now. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 56(4), 321–330. http://doi.org/10.1002/JAAL.00145 Eacott, S. (2012). “Leadership” and the social: Time, space and the epistemic. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(1), 6–6. http://doi.org/10.1108/09513541311289846 Ediger, M. (1999). The school principal as leader in reading instruction. (Report No. 434324). U.S. Department of Education. Ediger, M. (2000). The school principal as a reading supervisor. Reading Improvement, 37, 20–29. Edwards, J. M. (2010). Dimensions of literacy leadership: An analysis of middlelevel principals’ literacy leadership proficiencies and student reading achievement. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3397792) Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x Erlandson, D. A., Harris., E. L., Skipper., B. L. & Alen., S. D., (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry : A Guide to methods. London: Sage Publications Faggella-luby, M. N., Ware, S. M., & Capozzoli, A. (2009). Adolescent literacy-reviewing adolescent literacy reports: Key components and critical questions. Journal of Educational Research, 41(453). http://doi.org/10.1080/10862960903340199 Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2014). How teacher leaders influence others and understand their leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 3124(December), 1–27. http://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2014.904002 Fayaz Ahmad Lone. (2011). Reading habits of rural and Urban College Students in the 21st Century. Library Philosophy and Practice (E-Journal), paper 586. Fetters, C. W., & Cheek, E. H. (2016). Effective leadership for literacy environment in an Elementary School. Literacy Summit Yearbook. Literacy Professionals & Texas Association for Literacy Education. Fletcher, J. (2017). What can we do to support reading for young adolescent students? International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years, 45(2), 258–271. http://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2015.1078832 Fletcher, J., Grimley, M., & Greenwood, J. (2011). Raising reading achievement in an “at risk”, low socioeconomic, multicultural intermediate school. Journal of Research in Reading, 36(2), 1–23. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2011.01497.x Fletcher, J., Grimley, M., Greenwood, J., & Parkhill, F. (2012). Motivating and improving attitudes to reading in the final years of primary schooling in five New Zealand Schools. Literacy, 46(1), 3–16. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4369.2011.00589.x Fletcher, J., & Nicholas, K. (2016). Leading change in reading for young adolescents: What is happening in New Zealand? International Journal of Leadership in Education Theory and Practice, 3124 (April), 1–18. http://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2016.1157209 Fox, D. K. (2010). Middle level principals` perceptions of the adolescent literacy crisis: A qualitative study. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3488888) Francois, C. (2012). Getting at the core of literacy improvement: A case study of an Urban Secondary School. Education and Urban Society, 46(5), 580–605. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512458116 Francois, C. (2014). Getting at the core of literacy improvement. Education and Urban Society, 46(5), 580–605. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013124512458116 Franzak, J. K. (2006). Zoom: A review of the literature on marginalized adolescent readers, literacy theory, and policy implications. Review of Educational Research, 76(2), 209–248. Froiland, J. M., & Oros, E. (2014). Intrinsic motivation, perceived competence and classroom engagement as longitudinal predictors of adolescent reading achievement. Educational Psychology, 34(2), 119–132. http://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.822964 Fullan, M. (2002). Principals as leaders in a culture of change. Educational Leadership, (May), 16. Muat turun daripada http://www.michaelfullan.ca/media/13396053050. pdf Gadsden, Z. T. (2016). Elementary school instructional leaders’ perceptions of literacy leadership, African American Boys and culturally responsive practice. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 10241045) Gambrell, L. B. (2011). Seven rules of engagement: What’s most important to know about motivation to read. Reading Teacher, 65(3), 172–178. http://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.01024 Garza, J. E., Drysdale, L., Gurr, D., Jacobson, S., & Merchant, B. (2015). Leadership for school success: lessons from effective principals. International Journal of Educational Management, 28(7), 798–811. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2013-0069 Goldman, S. R. (2014). Adolescent literacy : learning and understanding content. The future of children, 22(2), 89–116. http://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2012.0011 Green, T. L. (2017). From positivism to critical theory: school-community relations toward community equity literacy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30(4), 370–387. http://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1253892 Guastella, L. (2004). The relationship between leadership functions of Florida High School principals and adolescent literacy. (Thesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3144886) Guthrie, J. T., & Wigfield, A. (2000). Engagement and motivation in reading. Handbook of Reading Research, 3, 403–422. Guthrie, J. T., Wigfield, A., & Klauda, S. L. (2012). Adolescents’ engagement in academic literacy. Maryland: University of Maryland. Guthrie, J., Wigfield, A., & VonSecker, C. (2000). Effects of integrated instruction on motivation and strategy use in reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 331–341. http://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.92.2.331 Guthrie, J., Wigfield, A., & You, W. (2012). Handbook of research on student engagement. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7 Hallinger, P. (2009). Leadership for 21st century schools: From instructional leadership to leadership for learning. Chair Professors Public Lecture Series of The Hong Kong Institute of Education. Hallinger, P., Bickman, L., & Davis, K. (1996). Principal leadership and student reading achievement. The Elementary School Journal, 96(5), 527–549. Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional leadership behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–248. Handford, V., & Leithwood, K. (2013). Why teachers trust school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 194–212. http://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304706 Harris, A., Jones, M., Cheah, K., Soon L. D. E., & Adams, D. (2017). Exploring principals’ instructional leadership practices in Malaysia: Insights and implications. Journal of Educational Administration, 55. Haslinda Husaini, Rafidah Abdul Aziz, & Shahrom T.M Sulaiman. (2011). Reading habits and attitudes among students in Secondary School. (Research Reports. Research Management Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA). Shah Alam. Muat turun http://eprints.uitm.edu.my/6445/ Haslinda Hussaini, Rafidah Abdul Aziz, Mohd Sharif Mohd Saad, Dang Merduwati Hashim, & Mohd Fazli Baharuddin. (2012). The roles of school resource center in nurturing reading habits and attitudes among secondary school students. In 15th CONSAL General Conference (pp. 1–11). Hasnalee Tubah, & Zulkifley Hamid. (2011). Pengaruh demografi terhadap kemahiran membaca dan memahami dalam kalangan murid-murid Linus. Jurnal Melayu, (6), 29–47. Henderson, C. (2008). From teacher in charge of reading to literacy leader – what is the role of the literacy leader ? An in-depth qualitative study of two literacy leaders. University of Canterbury. Henri, J., Hay, L., & Oberg, D. (2002). An international study on principal influence and information services in schools: synergy in themes and methods. School Libraries Worldwide, 8(1), 49–70. Heri Hidayat, & Siti Aishah. (2013). Read interest co-relational with student study performance In IPS Subject Grade IV (Four) In State Elementary School 1 Pagerwangi Lembang. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2(1). Hernández, J. E. (2013). Culturally responsive instruction: Exploring Latino literacy motivation and engagement in one urban middle school classroom. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses. (UMI 3548761) Herridge, R. L. (2014). A multiple case study of literacy instructional leadership behaviors of elementary principals in North Carolina. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3575627) Holloway, I. (1997), Basic concepts for qualitative research, Abingdon, Oxon, Blackwell Science. Hoewing, B. L. (2011). Orientations of literacy leadership among Elementary School Principals: Demographic and background trends. (Tesis Kedoktoran University of Iowa). Muat turun daripada http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/83 Hopkins, D., Stringfield, S., Harris, A., Stoll, L., & Mackay, T. (2014). School and system improvement: A narrative state-of-the-art review. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 25(2), 257–281. http://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2014.885452 Huang, H. C., Tsai, Y. H., & Huang, S. H. (2015). The relevant factors in promoting reading activities in elementary schools. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 4(2), 62–70. Muat turun daripada http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJERE/ article/view/7728 Huber, S. G. (2004). School leadership and leadership development purpose of school. Journal of Educational Administration, 42(6), 669–684. Huggins, K. S., Klar, H. W., Hammonds, H. L., & Buskey, F. C. (2016). Supporting leadership development: An examination of high school principals’ efforts to develop leaders’ personal capacities. Journal of Research on Leadership Education. http://doi.org/10.1177/1942775116658636 Huguet, B. C. S. (2017). Effective leadership can positively impact school performance. On the Horizon, 25(2), 96–102. http://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-07-2016-0044 Husaina Banu Kenayathulla, Ranjeetham Subramaniam, & Muhamad Faizal A. Ghani. (2015). Pengurusan kewangan di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil di Kuala Kangsar, Perak : Satu kajian kes. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 2(4), 32–46. Hussain Hashim, Shamila Mohamed Shuhidan, Mohd Sazili Shahibi, & Azma Asnawi Abd. Hakim. (2017). Alligning the roles of School Resource Centre with student’s 21st century skills development in Malaysia : A collaborative approach. The Social Sciences, 12(1), 29–34. Ilegbusi. (2013). An analysis of the role of rewards and punishment in motivating school learning. Computing, Information Systems & Development Informatics, 4(1), 35–38. Inderjit, S. (2014). Reading trends and improving reading skills among students in Malaysia. International Journal of Reaserch in Social Sciences, 3(5), 70–81. Irvin, J., Meltzer. J., Dukes., M (2007). Taking action on adolescent literacy: An implementation guide for school leaders. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Alexandria: Virginia USA. Ismail, S. A., Dorner, D., & Oliver, G. (2011). Issues related to information literacy education in Malaysian schools. International Conference on Sosiality and Economics Development, 10, 204–208. Jafre Zainol Abidin, M., Pour-Mohammadi, M., & Choon Lean, O. (2011). The reading habits of Malaysian Chinese University Students. Journal of Studies in Education, 1(1), 1–13. http://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v1i1.1037 Jay, J. E. (2011). Exploring the principal’s role in high poverty school with high literacy achievement. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3453908) Johnson, G., Dempster, N., Klieve, H., & Fluckiger, B. (2014). Principals as literacy leaders with indigenous communities: Leadership for learning to read both ways’. Kingston, Australia: Australian Primary Principals Association. Kamal, M. A., & Normah Othman. (2012a). Students’ perception on the role of library and media teachers. Journal of Educational and Practice, 3(8), 158–166. Kamal, M. A., & Normah Othman. (2012b). Training and development for library and media teachers in selected Malaysian school resource centres. Journal of Education and Practice, 3(6), 77–86. Kamal M. A, & Normah Othman. (2012). Students ’ perception on the role of Library and Media Teachers. Journal of Educaton and Practice, 3(8), 158–166. Karadağ, E., Bektaş, F., Çoğaltay, N., & Yalçın, M. (2015). The effect of educational leadership on students achievement: a meta-analysis study. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16(1), 79–93. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9357-x Kathleen, B. (2015). Elementary principals’ perceptions of preparation programs, licensure and educational background : Did they prepare them to be literacy leaders in schools? (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3688712) Keller, S. A. (2004). Reading education issues : principals’ and teachers’ perceptions. University of Tennesse. Retrieved from http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2277 Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). PISA 2015: programme for international student assessment. Muat turun daripada https://www.moe.gov.my/images/Arkib/PISA2015/ Laporan%20PISA%202015.pdf Kim, J. Y., & Anderson, T. (2011). Reading across the curriculum : a framework for improving the reading abilities and habits of college students. Journal of College Literacy & Learning, 37, 29–40. Kindall, H. D., Crowe, T., & Elsass, A. (2017). The principal’s influence on the novice teacher’s professional development in literacy instruction. Professional Development in Education, 5257(March), 1–4. http://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2017.1299031 Krippendorft, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An introduction to its methodology. United Kingdom: Sage Publicatios. Klauda, S. L., & Wigfield, A. (2012). Relations of perceived parent and friend support for recreational reading with children’s reading motivations. Journal of Literacy Research, 44(1), 3–44. http://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X11431158 Kubanek, J., Snyder, L. H., & Abrams, R. A. (2015). Reward and punishment act as distinct factors in guiding behavior. Cognition, 139, 154–167. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.03.005 Lau, K.L. (2009). Reading motivation, perceptions of reading instruction and reading amount: A comparison of junior and senior secondary students in Hong Kong. Journal of Research in Reading, 32(4), 366–382. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2009.01400.x Lear, J. M. (2017). Principal Perceptions as literacy leaders at High-Need Elementary Schools. Muat turun daripada Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1244. http://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1244 Leithwood, K., Louis, K. S., Anderson, S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2004). Executive summary: How leadership influences student learning. The Wallace Foundation. Liddell, S. E. (2000). The principal’s role in effective literacy programs. Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3054886) Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E., (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. New York: Sage Lo, P., Chao C. C. J., Dukic, Z., Youn, Y., Hirakue, Y., Nakahima, M., & Yang, G. (2014). The roles of the school librarians as information literacy specialists. New Library World, 115(7/8), 314–339. http://doi.org/10.1108/NLW-01-2014-0012 Lockard, S. A. (2013). An analysis of the relationship between elementary principal self-efficacy and 5th grade reading achievement. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3590723) Louick, R., Leider, C. M., Daley, S. G., Proctor, C. P., & Gardner, G. L. (2016). Motivation for reading among struggling middle school readers: A mixed methods study. Learning and Individual Differences, 49, 260–269. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.027 Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia (1992). Dasar Buku Negara. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Malloy, J. A., Marinak, B. A., Gambrell, L. B., & Mazzoni, S. A. (2013). Assessing motivation to read: The motivation to read profile-revised. Reading Teacher, 67(4). http://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1215 Marchand-martella, N. E., Martella, R. C., Modderman, S. L., Petersen, H. M., & Pan, S. (2013). Key areas of effective adolescent literacy programs. Education and Treatment of Children, 36(1), 161–184. Marsh, J. A., & Farrell, C. C. (2015). How leaders can support teachers with datadriven decision making. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(2), 269–289. http://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214537229 Marsh, S. (2015). A model for leadership that improves learning: New insights for schools and scholars. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 14(1), 67–103. http://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2014.983132 Marican, S . (2006). Penyelidikan sains sosial. Batu Caves: Edusystem Sdn. Bhd. Mason, M. (2010). Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative Interviews. Muat turun daripada http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/ fqs/article/view/1428/3027 Massey, S. L. (2012). Leadership in reading who are the literacy team players ? Illnois Reading Council Journal, 40(3), 65–70. Matsumura, L. C., & Wang, E. (2014). Principals’ sensemaking of coaching for ambitious reading instruction in a high-stakes accountability policy environment. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 22(51), 1–37. http://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22n55.2014 Mcanuff-gumbs, M., & Verbeck, K. (2012). A Carribbean-based model of literacy leadership. Carribbean Curriculum, 19, 195–239. McGaha, J. M., & Igo, L. B. (2012). Assessing high school students reading motivation in a voluntary summer reading program. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 55(5), 417–427. http://doi.org/10.1002/JAAL.00050 McGeown, S. P., Duncan, L. G., Griffiths, Y. M., & Stothard, S. E. (2015). Exploring the relationship between adolescent’s reading skills, reading motivation and reading habits. Reading and Writing, 28(4), 545–569. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-014-9537-9 Mcgeown, S. P., Osborne, C., Warhurst, A., Norgate, R., & Duncan, L. G. (2016). Understanding children’s reading activities: Reading motivation, skill and child characteristics as predictors. Journal of Research in Reading, 39(1), 109–125. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12060 McKenna, M. C., Conradi, K., & Meyer, J. P. (2012). Reading attitudes of middle school students: Results of a U.S. survey. Reading Research Quarterly, 47(3), 283–306. http://doi.org/10.1002/RRQ.021 Meltzer, J., & Hamann, E. T. (2004). Meeting the literacy development needs of adolescent english language learners through content area learning - part one : focus on motivation and engagement. Faculty Publications; Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education, Brown University. Meltzer, J., (2002). Adolescent literacy resources: Linking research and practice. LAB at Brown University. Muat turun http://www.brown.edu/academics/education-alliance Meltzer, J., Smith, N. C., & Clark, H. (2001). Adolescent literacy resources: Linking research and practice. LAB at Brown University. Muat turun http://www.brown.edu/academic/educationalliance/ sites/brown.edu.academics.educationalliance/ files/publications/alr_lrp.pdf Meltzer, J., & Ziemba, S. (2006). Getting schoolwide literacy up dan running. Professional Learning, (September), 21–26. Meltzer, J. (2008). Improving literacy and learning at the middle and high school level: What effective literacy leaders know and do. Adolescents Literacy Leadership Forum: Leading for literacy, Best Practices for Succesfull Leadership in Adolescents literacy. 6-11. Merriam, S.B. (2001). Qualitative research and case study application in education. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Pub Merga, M. K. (2014). Peer group and friend influences on the social acceptability of adolescent book reading. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 57(6), 472–482. http://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.273 Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Miller, S. J. (2012). Literacy practices as preditors of reading achievement. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3514920) Mirahida Murad, Mansor Ibrahim, Nurhayati Abdul Malek, Fadzidah Abdullah, & Khairusy Syakirin Has Yun Hashim. (2013). A literature review on developing reading kiosk concept for nurturing reading habit among youth. In International Conference on Architecture and Built Environment 2013 (ICABE2013) (pp. 70–84). Mohamad Fazli Baharuddin. (2016). The role of teacher-librarians and information literacy: A case of four MARA Junior Science Colleges in Kedah, Malaysia. In IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications. http://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4676.8961 Mohamad Jafre Zainol Abidin, Majid Pour - Mohammadi, & Joyce, L. S. (2011). A preliminary study of creative buddy reading program. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(16), 281–286. Mohamad Reza Ahmadi, Hairul Nizam Ismail, & Muhamad Kamarul Abdullah. (2013). The relationship between students’ reading motivation and reading comprehension. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(18), 8–17. Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi. (2013). National language policy and its impacts on second language reading culture. Journal of International Education and Leadership, 3(1), 1–11. Mohd Zairol Masron, Haslinda Hussaini, & Sobariah Awang Mukhtar. (2010). Pemantapan budaya membaca dan pelaksanaan NILAM: Isu dan cabaran. In Seminar Majlis Dekan IPTA 2010 (pp. 1–18). Muat turun daripada versys.uitm.edu.my/prisma/view/viewPdf.php Mokhtari, R. G., Mokhtari, K., Reichard, C., Anne, G. (2009). The Impact of internet and television use on the reading habits and practices of college students. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 52(April), 609–619. http://doi.org/10.1598/JA Mucherah, W., & Herendeen, A. (2013). Motivation for reading and upper primary school students’ academic achievement in reading in Kenya. Reading Psychology, 34(6), 569–593. http://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2012.664249 Murphy, J. (2004). Leadership for literacy: A framework for policy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 15(1), 65–96. Nor Aini Ahmad (2014). Senario menjalankan kajian inkuiri naratif. Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Noraien Mansor. (2017). Exploring perceptions on ESL students ’ reading habits. Journal of Business and Social Development, 5(2), 19–24. Nor Asma Sheirnawani Abdul Rahman, Mohd Asri Mohd Noor, Rohaila Yusof, & Hamidah Yusof. (2015). Kesahan model amalan kepimpinan guru. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, Bil 3(3), 20–31. Ng, J. H. (2004). Inculcating the reading habit through the NILAM programme in schools. Muat turn daripada http://www.ipbl.edu.my/BM/penyelidikan/2005/ ngSTARpaper.pdf. Ng, J. H. (2007). Extending the NILAM Programme with the home connection. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang Tahun 2007, 1–10. Ng, A. Y. M. (2017). School leadership preparation in Malaysia: Aims, content and impact. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 45(6), 1002–1019. http://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216662922 Nurazzura Mohamad Diah, & Baidruel Hairiel Abd Rahim. (2014). The pull factors of minority students’ participation in sport. Asian Journal Of Management Sciences & Education, 3(1), 141–147. OECD (2011). PISA in Focus. Do students today read for pleasure. Muat turun daripada https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisain focus/48624701.pdf OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. Muat turun daripada https://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf Ong, C. H. (2015). Challenges and processes in school turnaround: A Singapore Secondary School Principal’s perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 169–173. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.173 Oplatka, I. (2012). Fifty years of publication pondering the legacies of the Journal of Educational Administration. Journal of Educational Administration, 50(1), 34–56. http://doi.org/10.1108/09578231211196050 Overholt, R., & Szabocsik, S. (2013). Leadership content knowledge for literacy: connecting literacy teachers and their principals. The Clearing House: A Journal Of Educational Strategies, Issues And Ideas 86(2), 53–58. http://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2012.742034 Paige, D. D. (2011). Engaging struggling adolescent readers through situational interest: A model proposing the relationships among extrinsic motivation, oral reading proficiency, comprehension, and academic achievement. Reading Psychology, 32(5), 395–425. http://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2010.495633 Pandian, A. (2000). A Study on readership behaviour among multi-ethnic, multilingual Malaysian Students. Paper presented at the 8th International Literacy and Educational Research Network (LERN) University, Melbourne, July 5-9 Pandian, A. (2011). How Malaysia reads: Individual, homes and school initiatives. In Thailand Conference on Reading 2011 (pp. 1–24). Thailand. Patterson, J. A., Eubank, H., Rathbun, S. E., & Noble, S. (2010). Making sense of an Urban District’s Adolescent Literacy Reform. NASSP Bulletin, 94(3), 227–246. http://doi.org/10.1177/0192636510387826 Patton, M. Q (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. (2nd ed). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Phillips. M. (2005). Creating a culture of literacy: A guide for Middle And High School Principals. National Association of Secondary School Principals. United States of America. Pinello, C. S. (2015). A Regression study: Middle School literacy leadership practices in Virginia. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3669715) Pitcher, S. M., Albright, L. K., DeLaney, C. J., Walker, N. T., Seunarinesingh, K., Mogge, S., Dunston, P. J. (2007). Assessing adolescents’ motivation to read. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 50(5), 378–396. http://doi.org/10.1598/JAAL.50.5.5 Porter, M. L. S. (2001). Reading instructional leadership: A survey of middle level principals in West Virginia Public School. West Virginia University. Muat turun daripada http://medcontent.metapress.com/index/A65RM 03P4874243N.pdf Puzio, K., Newcomer, S. N., & Goff, P. (2015). Supporting literacy differentiation: The principal’s role in a community of practice. Literacy Research and Instruction, 54(2), 135–162. http://doi.org/10.1080/19388071.2014.997944 Radford, J. (2015). Impact of leaders’ Literacy Leadership Practices on the role of the Assistant Princials in Los Angeles County High School. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3739362) Rahimah Ahmad, & Ghavifekr, S. (2014). School leadership for the 21st century: a conceptual overview. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 2(1), 48–61. Raja Abdullah Yaakob, Raja Ahmad Iskandar, & Kamaruzaman Jusoff. (2011). Achieving excellence through information literacy as part of innovative curriculum. Jornal of Arts Science & Commerce, 11(1), 1–10. Ramlan Zainal Abidin, Ahmad Esa, & Wan Mohd Rashid b. Wan Ahmad. (2008). Pendidikan sepanjang hayat : isu, cabaran dan peranan sekolah membangun modal insan dalam komuniti setempat. In Seminar Kebangsaan Pengurusan Pendidikan PKPGB (pp. 1–9). Johor. Ramzi Naseer. (2013). A literacy exercise: An extracurricular reading program as an intervention to enrich student reading habits in Qatar. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 1(1), 61–71. http://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.1n.1p.61 Ratnawati Mohd Asraf, Noorlide Abu Kassim, Ismail Sheikh Ahmad, & Zainurin Abdul Rahman. (2013). The effectiveness of a supplementary reading programme for children in Malaysia’ s remote schools. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21, 125–132. http://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21. sltl.2146 Rhoden, V. (2012). The examination of the relationships among secondary principals leadership behaviors, school climate, and student achievement in an urban context. Muat turun daripada Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 635. http://digitlcommons.fiu.edu/etd/635. Riley, T., & Webster, A. (2016). Principals as literacy leaders with indigenous communities (PALLIC) building relationships: One school’s quest to raise indigenous learners’ literacy. Teaching Education, 27(2), 136–155. http://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2015.1049261 Robinson, J. A. (2008). Principals’ perspectives on adolescent literacy implementation and support in Secondary School: Views through a sociocultural lens. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3315969) Robson, C. (2002). Real world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner researchers. (2nd ed). Oxford : Blackwell Rosnah Ishak, & Muhamad Faizal A. Ghani. (2014). Amalan kepimpinan terbaik untuk sekolah “organisasi pembelajaran”. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 37(2), 35–41. Saidatul Akmar Ismail. (2014). Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian Primary Schools. (Tesis Kedoktoran) Victoria University of Wellington. Muat turun daripada http://hdl.handle.net/10063/3681 SaifulFarik Mat Yatin, Shahrom TM Sulaiman, Hasnah Shuhaimi, Mansor Ibrahim, & Mirahida Murad. (2014). Reading habit and reading activities : a bibliometric study. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(July), 572–585. Samad, A., & Idris, M. S. (2017). Co - curricular importance in secondary school. Educational Technology, 108, 47747–47751. Sanderse, W. (2013). The meaning of role modelling in moral and character education. Journal of Moral Education, 42(1), 28–42. http://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2012.690727 Sanzo, K. L., Sherman, W. H., & Clayton, J. (2015). Leadership practices of successful middle school principals. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(1), 31–45. http://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-12-2014-0039 Schaffner, E., Schiefele, U., & Ulferts, H. (2013). Reading amount as a mediator of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic reading motivation on reading comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 48(4), 369–385. http://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.52 Schiefele, U., Schaffner, E., Möller, J., Wigfield, A., Nolen, S., & Baker, L. (2012). Dimensions of reading motivation and their relation to reading behavior and competence. Reading Research Quarterly, 47(4), 427–463. http://doi.org/10.1002/RRQ.030 Scholastica, N., & Terhile, F. (2015). Impact of old students associations on the management of secondary school in Zone B Senatorial District of Benue State. International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 3(1), 35–45. Shanton, K. D., & Mckinney, M. (2008). Composing literacy leadership in professional development: New meanings of practice and process. National Reading Conference, 294–311. Sharma, S. (2015). Do leadership qualities determine competent principals. Inovare Journal of Education, 3(1), 1–6. Shazila Abdullah, Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim, Roszainora Setia, Razita Mohamad, Ghazali, N., Elangkeeran Sabapathy, Nor Syamimi Iliani Che Hassan. (2012). Reading for pleasure as a means of improving reading comprehension skills. Asian Social Science, 8(13), 233–238. http://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n13p233 Shin, S.H., Slater, C. L., & Backhoff, E. (2012). Principal perceptions and student achievement in reading in Korea, Mexico, and the United States: Educational leadership, school autonomy, and use of test results. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49(3), 489–527. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X12458796 Siah, P.C., & Kwok, W.-L. (2010). The value of reading and the effectiveness of sustained silent reading. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(5), 168–174. http://doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505340 Siti Hadijah Alwi. (2002). Kesedaran dan peranan pengetua membangunkan pusat sumber sekolah (tumpuan kepada sekolah menengah harian di negeri Selangor). Jurnal Pengurusan Dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Slavin, R. E., Cheung, A., Groff, C., & Lake, C. (2010). Effective for middle and programs schools : high synthesis best-evidence. Reading Research Quarterly, 43(3), 290–322. Small, R. V, Shanahan, K. A., & Stasak, M. (2010). The impact of New York’s school libraries on student achievement and motivation: Phase III. School Library Media Research, 13, 1. Spector, J. L., & Jay, A. B. (2011). Leadership for literacy in the 21st century. Association of literacy educators & researchers. Retrieved from www.aleronline.org/resource/resmgr/files/aler_ white_paper_on_literacy.pdf Spencer, K. (2010). Literacy Leaders’ Network: Focused Literacy Leadership. South Australia. Stutz, F., Schaffner, E., & Schiefele, U. (2016). Relations among reading motivation, reading amount, and reading comprehension in the early elementary grades. Learning and Individual Differences, 45, 101–113. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.022 Sullivan, M. P. (2010). Achievement Effects of Sustained Silent Reading. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses Syamsul Fozy Osman, & Ismail Sheikh Ahmad. (2017). The driven readers amongst private higher education institution students : A case study. Pertanika Journal Social Scicences & Humanities, 25(3), 1213–1226. Szeto, E., Lee, T. T. H., & Hallinger, P. (2015). A systematic review of research on educational leadership in Hong Kong, 1995-2014. Journal of Educational Administration, 53(4), 534–553. http://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-03-2015-0027 Taylor, R. T., Zugelder, Z., & Bowman, P. (2013). Literacy coach effectiveness: The need for measurement. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 3(20), 4–17. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-05-2016-0044 Thomas, B. M. (2010). The literacy instructional leader : Perceptions of the importance of areas, responsibility and use of literacy knowledge elementary principals need to lead an effective literacy program. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3438787) Torgesen, J., Houston, D., & Rissman, L. (2007). Improving literacy instruction in Middle and High Schools : A guide for principals. Florida State University. Tovli, E. (2014). “The joy of reading”: An intervention program to increase reading motivation for pupils with learning disabilities. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(4), 69–84. http://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v2i4.496 Townsend, T., Bayetto, A., Dempster, N., Johnson, G., & Stevens, E. (2017). Leadership with a purpose: nine case studies of schools in Tasmania and Victoria where the principal had undertaken the principals as Literacy Leaders (PALL) Program. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 0(0), 1–34. http://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2016.1278245 Trochim, W. M. (2006). The research methods knowledge base, 2nd edition. Muat turun daripada http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/ Unrau, N. J., & Quirk, M. (2014). Reading motivation and reading engagement: clarifying commingled conceptions. Reading Psychology, 35(3), 260–284. http://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2012.684426 Vethamani, M. E., & Nair, P. (2009). Literacy development through the incorporation of literature in language education for Malaysian Secondary School Students. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(2), 153–167. Volk, K. (2008). Leadership and reading: How principals’ perceived knowledge of reading affects student achievement in Maryland Elementary and Middle Schools. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses (UMI 3305405) Wagner, D. A. (2011). What happened to literacy? Historical and conceptual perspectives on literacy in UNESCO. International Journal of Educational Development, 31(3), 319–323. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.11.015 Wan Ab Kadir Wan Dollah, Shamsul Kamal, Ezza Rafedziatwati Kamal, Azman Ibrahim, Hasnah Abdul Rahim, Mohd Zairul Masrom, … Mohamed Effendy Rahmat. (2017). Reading habits among secondary school students. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4(8), 407–416. Wan Ah, W. Z., Hashim, F., Sheikh Ahmad, I., Mohd. Meerah, T. S., Mustapha, S. Z., Mokhtar, F., & Hashim, M. S. (2005). Kesan Program NILAM terhadap tabiat membaca. Jurnal Pendidikan, 39–55. Wigfield, A., Gladstone, J. R., & Turci, L. (2016). Beyond cognition: Reading motivation and reading comprehension. Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 190–195. http://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12184 Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (1997). Relations of children’s motivation for reading to the amount and breadth or their reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 420–432. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.420 Wigfield, A., Guthrie, J. T., Tonks, S., & Perencevich, K. C. (2004). Children’s motivation for reading: Domain specificity and instructional influences. The Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 97(July/August 2004 [Vol. 97(No. 6)]), 299–308. Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J.S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 68-81. Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J.S. (2002). The development of competence beliefs, expectancies for success, and achievement values from childhood through adolescence. In A. Wigfield & J.S. Eccles (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp. 91-120). San Diego: Academic Press. Woods, A. D. (2014). A correlational study of leadership indicators and literacy outcomes: Examining a state adopted leadership assessment model. (Tesis Kedoktoran). University of South Carolina. Muat turun daripada http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2688 Yah Awang Nik, Farok Zakaria, Azizah Hamzah, & Hasif Rafidee Hasbollah. (2012). Reading motivations and reading strategies employed by undergraduates in a Public University in Malaysia. In 6th International Technology, Education and Development (pp. 2421–2427). Muat turun daripada umkeprints.umk.edu.my/488/1/Paper 1.pdf Yin, R.K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd.ed). Newburry Park, CA : Sage Young, M. L. (2012). The middle school reading coach: Exploring the coaching role and understanding the role of the principal in supporting coaching efforts. (Tesis Kedoktoran). Muat turun daripada Proquest Dissertation and Theses Yushiana Mansor, & Norhiyah Mohd Noor. (2011). Use of the School Resource Centre among Malaysian High School Teachers. Library Philosophy and Practice, paper 588. Zurina Khairuddin. (2013). A study of students’ reading interests in a second language. International Education Studies, 6(11), 160–170. http://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n11p160