Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity

A Quick Response (QR) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores characters and can be read by any smartphone camera. The QR code has the capability to encode various data formats and languages; nevertheless, existing black and white QR code offers limited data storage. Even though there exist re...

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Main Author:	Azizi, Abas
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng eng
Published:	2018
Subjects:	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/1/Depositpermission_s95813.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/2/s95813_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/3/s95813_02.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.7470
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng eng
advisor	Yusof, Yuhanis Kabir Ahmad, Fauzana
topic	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science
spellingShingle	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science Azizi, Abas Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
description	A Quick Response (QR) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores characters and can be read by any smartphone camera. The QR code has the capability to encode various data formats and languages; nevertheless, existing black and white QR code offers limited data storage. Even though there exist research on coloured QR Code to increase the storage capacity, requirement for larger data capacity by end user keep increasing. Hence, this thesis proposes a coloured QR Code algorithm which utilizes RGB colour combination to allow a larger data storage. The proposed algorithm integrates the use of compression, multiplexing, and multilayer techniques in encoding and decoding the QR code. Furthermore, it also introduces a partial encoding/decoding algorithm that allows the stored data to be manipulated. The algorithm that includes encoding and decoding processes is based on the red, green, and blue (RGB) colour techniques, which are used to create high capacity coloured QR code. This is realised in the experiments that store American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters. The ASCII text characters are used as an input and performance is measured by the number of characters that can be stored in a single black and white QR code version 40 (i.e. the benchmark) and also the coloured QR code. Other experiment metrics include percentage of missing characters, number of produced QR code, and elapsed time to create the QR code. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm stores 29 times more characters than the black and white QR code and 9 times more than other coloured QR code. Hence, this shows that the coloured QR Code has the potential of becoming a useful mini-data storage as it does not rely on internet connection.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Ph.D.
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Azizi, Abas
author_facet	Azizi, Abas
author_sort	Azizi, Abas
title	Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
title_short	Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
title_full	Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
title_fullStr	Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
title_full_unstemmed	Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity
title_sort	using rgb colour combination in coloured quick response (qr) code algorithm to enhance qr code capacity
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2018
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/1/Depositpermission_s95813.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/2/s95813_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/3/s95813_02.pdf
_version_	1747828223704563712
spelling	my-uum-etd.74702021-08-09T04:44:56Z Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity 2018 Azizi, Abas Yusof, Yuhanis Kabir Ahmad, Fauzana Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science A Quick Response (QR) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores characters and can be read by any smartphone camera. The QR code has the capability to encode various data formats and languages; nevertheless, existing black and white QR code offers limited data storage. Even though there exist research on coloured QR Code to increase the storage capacity, requirement for larger data capacity by end user keep increasing. Hence, this thesis proposes a coloured QR Code algorithm which utilizes RGB colour combination to allow a larger data storage. The proposed algorithm integrates the use of compression, multiplexing, and multilayer techniques in encoding and decoding the QR code. Furthermore, it also introduces a partial encoding/decoding algorithm that allows the stored data to be manipulated. The algorithm that includes encoding and decoding processes is based on the red, green, and blue (RGB) colour techniques, which are used to create high capacity coloured QR code. This is realised in the experiments that store American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters. The ASCII text characters are used as an input and performance is measured by the number of characters that can be stored in a single black and white QR code version 40 (i.e. the benchmark) and also the coloured QR code. Other experiment metrics include percentage of missing characters, number of produced QR code, and elapsed time to create the QR code. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm stores 29 times more characters than the black and white QR code and 9 times more than other coloured QR code. Hence, this shows that the coloured QR Code has the potential of becoming a useful mini-data storage as it does not rely on internet connection. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/1/Depositpermission_s95813.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/2/s95813_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7470/3/s95813_02.pdf text eng public http://sierra.uum.edu.my/record=b1697939~S1 Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abas, A., Yusof, Y., & Ahmad, F. K. (2017). Expanding the data capacity of QR codes using multiple compression algorithms and base64 encode/decode. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 9(2–2). Ahlawat, S., & Rana, C. (2017). A Review on QR Codes : Colored and Image Embedded. 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