Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari

Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari

This study was conducted to investigate the level of farmers’ well-being in MADA and outside the MADA rice fields in Perlis. Low levels of well-being amongst these farmers have been associated with attitude problems. It is generally known that the government has provided assistance to farmers to imp...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Azizah, Md Yusof
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
HN Social history and conditions
Social problems
Social reform
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/1/s92951_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/2/s92951_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7760
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Ali, Jamal
Kamaruddin, Roslina
topic HN Social history and conditions
Social problems
Social reform
spellingShingle HN Social history and conditions
Social problems
Social reform
Azizah, Md Yusof
Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
description This study was conducted to investigate the level of farmers’ well-being in MADA and outside the MADA rice fields in Perlis. Low levels of well-being amongst these farmers have been associated with attitude problems. It is generally known that the government has provided assistance to farmers to improve their livelihood assets. Hence, it is claimed that attitude and livelihood assets can affect farmers’ well-being. This study examined the truth regarding the importance of attitude in influencing the well-being of farmers. The general objective of the study was to analyze the role of attitude, livelihood assets, threats and institutions on farmers’ well-being in MADA and outside the MADA areas. The Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Framework (AKL) was used in this study. A total of 347 farmers in MADA and 330 farmers from outside MADA were used as respondents. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data and in developing a model of farmers’ well-being in both areas. The study found that the livelihood assets and the well-being of farmers in the MADA area were better than those outside the MADA area. Threats, livelihood assets and institutions have positively influenced the well-being of farmers in the MADA area. However, institutions were not significant outside the MADA area. All of these variables indirectly affect the farmers’ well-being through the attitude variables. Attitude is a full mediator in connecting threats, livelihood assets and institutions with farmers’ well-being. This means, without the attitude variables, these three variables will not affect the farmers’ well-being. Therefore, proper emphasis should be placed on changing the attitudes of the farmers before implementing any programs to improve well-being. This study proves that attitude is an important variable in improving farmers’ well-being. In terms of policy implications, the government needs to focus on creating a positive attitude amongst farmers so that all efforts undertaken by the government in improving the well-being of the farmers will produce the expected results.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Azizah, Md Yusof
author_facet Azizah, Md Yusof
author_sort Azizah, Md Yusof
title Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
title_short Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
title_full Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
title_fullStr Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
title_full_unstemmed Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
title_sort pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan mada dan luar mada di negeri perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/1/s92951_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/2/s92951_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828262507118592
spelling my-uum-etd.77602021-08-09T04:44:00Z Pengaruh sikap terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani padi di kawasan MADA dan luar MADA di negeri Perlis dengan pendekatan analisis kehidupan lestari 2018 Azizah, Md Yusof Ali, Jamal Kamaruddin, Roslina Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform This study was conducted to investigate the level of farmers’ well-being in MADA and outside the MADA rice fields in Perlis. Low levels of well-being amongst these farmers have been associated with attitude problems. It is generally known that the government has provided assistance to farmers to improve their livelihood assets. Hence, it is claimed that attitude and livelihood assets can affect farmers’ well-being. This study examined the truth regarding the importance of attitude in influencing the well-being of farmers. The general objective of the study was to analyze the role of attitude, livelihood assets, threats and institutions on farmers’ well-being in MADA and outside the MADA areas. The Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Framework (AKL) was used in this study. A total of 347 farmers in MADA and 330 farmers from outside MADA were used as respondents. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data and in developing a model of farmers’ well-being in both areas. The study found that the livelihood assets and the well-being of farmers in the MADA area were better than those outside the MADA area. Threats, livelihood assets and institutions have positively influenced the well-being of farmers in the MADA area. However, institutions were not significant outside the MADA area. All of these variables indirectly affect the farmers’ well-being through the attitude variables. Attitude is a full mediator in connecting threats, livelihood assets and institutions with farmers’ well-being. This means, without the attitude variables, these three variables will not affect the farmers’ well-being. Therefore, proper emphasis should be placed on changing the attitudes of the farmers before implementing any programs to improve well-being. This study proves that attitude is an important variable in improving farmers’ well-being. In terms of policy implications, the government needs to focus on creating a positive attitude amongst farmers so that all efforts undertaken by the government in improving the well-being of the farmers will produce the expected results. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/1/s92951_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7760/2/s92951_02.pdf text eng public https://sierra.uum.edu.my/record=b1698919~S1 Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdul Hamid, Z. A. (2012). Sikap dan persepsi petani terhadap penggunaan herbisid di kawasan pengairan Muda, KEDAH. Persidangan Kebangsaan Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Lestari 2012. Environmental Management Alam, M. M., Siwar, C., Molla, R. I., Toriman, M. E. & Talib, B. (2010). Socioeconomic impacts of climatic change on paddy cultivation: An empirical investigation in Malaysia. Journal of Knowledge Globalization, 3(2). Albadvi, A., Keramati A., & Razmi J. (2007). Assessing the impact of information technology on firm performance considering the role of intervening variables: organizational infrastructures and business process reengineering. International Journal of Production Research. 45(12), 2697-2734. Abdul Ghani, N. (2003). Kualiti Hidup Penduduk Pulau Terengganu: Satu Kajian di Pulau Redang dan Pulau Perhentian (Disertasi PhD). Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia. Abdul Hakim, R., Ismail, R., & Abdul-Razak, N. (2010). The relationship between social capital and quality of life among rural households in Terengganu, Malaysia. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(5). http://www.ssrn.com/link/OIDA-Intl- Journal-Sustainable-Dev.html Adger, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16, 268–281. Elsevier Adrian, A. M., Shahnon H. Norwood & Paul L. Mask. (2005). Producers’ perceptions and attitudes toward precision agriculture technologies. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 48(3), 256-271. Alam, M. M., Siwar, C., & Toriman, M. E, (2012). Climate change adaptation policy in Malaysia: Issues for agricultural sector. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(9), 368-1373, 5. Anderson & Shimokawa, S. (2006). Rural infrastructure and agricultural development. Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics,Tokyo, Japan, May 29-30, 2006 Angner, E. (2008). The philosophical foundations of subjective measures of well-being. capabilities and happiness, 286-298. Anna, N., Siegwart L., Anne B., & Alinda C. (2005). Dimensions of wtell-being and Their measurement: The SPF-IL Scale. Sosial Indikators Research, 73, 313-353. Archer, J., J., Probert, B., & Gage, L. (1987). Attitudes towards wellness. Journal of College Student Personel, 28, 311-317. Ardell, D. B. (1984). Perspectives on the history and future of wellness. wellness perspectives: Journal of Individual Family and Community Wellness, 1(1), 3-23. Areal, F. J., Riesgo L. & Cerezo, E. R. (2011). Attitudes of European farmers towards GM crop adoption. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 9, 945-957. Ashley, C. and Carney, D. (1999) Sustainable Livelihoods: Lessons from early experience. London: Department for International Development. Avci, R., & Gucray, S. (2013). The relationship among interparental conflict, peer, media effects and the violence behaviour of adolescents: the mediator role of attitudes towards violence. Educational Consultancy and Research Center. Awang, A., Shah, A. H. H., & Aiyub K.(2008). Penilaian makna kualiti hidup dan aplikasinya dalam bidang pengurusan persekitaran di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management, 45-68. Awang, Z. (2012). A handbook on SEM: Structural equation modelling using amos graphics. Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made simple. A gentle approach to learning structural equation modeling. MPWS rich publication. Baptiste, I. (2001). Educating lone wolves: pedagogical implications of human capital theory, adult education quarterly. American Association for Adult and Ontinuing Education, 51(3). Bashir, M. K., Mehmood, Y., & Hassan, S. (2010). Impact of agricultural credit on productivity of wheat crop: Evidence from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences,47(4), 405-409. Beardsmore, R., & Randall, C. (2015). Measuring national well-being: International comparisons. Office for National Statistics. Bebbington, A (1999). Capital and capabilities: A framework for analyzing peasant viability, rural livelihood and poverty. World Development, 27(12), 2021-2044. Bhattacharyya, P. (2014). A brief appraisal of transforming living space of South Kolkata. The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2(4). Binkley, M. (1995). Risks, dangers, and rewards in the Nova Scotia Offshore Fishery. Quebec City: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Binswanger, H. P., Khandaker, S.R. & Rosenzweig, M. (1993). How infrastructure and financial institutions affect agricultural output and investment in India. Journal of Development Economics, 41, 337-366. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. Publisher: Wiley- Interscience. ISBN:0-471-01171-1 Bontis, N., (1999). Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: framing and advancing the State of the Field. International Journal of Technologi Management, 18(5-8), 433-462. Bontis, N., & Fitz-enz, J. (2002). Intellectual capital ROI: a causal map of human capital antecedents and consequents. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 3(3), 223-247. Booth, R. (1998). The measurement of intellectual capital. Management Accounting. 76(10), 26-28 Bradshaw, J., Hoelscher, P., & Richardson, D. (2007). An index of child well-being in the European Union. Sosial Indikators Research, 80(1), 133-177. Brazdik, F. (2006). Non-parametric analysis of technical efficiency: Factors affecting efficiency of West Java Rice Farms. Working Paper Series 286. CERGE-EI. Prague. Breuer, K., Hemsworth, P. H., Barnetta, J. L., Matthew, L. R. & Colemand, G. J (2000). Behavioural response to humans and the productivity of commercial dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 66, 273–288. Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K.A. & Long, J.S. [Eds.] Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 136–162. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modelling with AMOS. Basic concepts, applications and programming. 2nd. Edition. Multivariate applications series. Cahyono, S. A., Jariyah, N. A., & Nugroho, N. P. (undated). Distribusi pendapatan rumahtangga petani di Sub DAS Keduang. Prosiding Seminar “Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pengelolaan DAS. Camfield, L., Streuli, N., & Woodhead, M. (2010). Children’s Well-being in Developing Countries: A Conceptual and Methodological Review. European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 398-416. Caminada, K., & Goudswaard K., Effectiveness of poverty reduction in the EU: A descriptive analysis. Poverty and public policy. A Global Journal of Sosial Security, Income, Aid and Welfare. Manuscript 1023. www.bepress.com/pso_poverty. Cao, S., Xu, C., Chen, L., & Wang, X. (2009). Attitudes of farmers in China’s Northern Shaanxi Province towards the land-use change required under the grain for green project and implications for the project’s success. ScienceDirect – Land Use Policy, 26(4), 1182-1194. Cerny, C.A., & Kaiser, H.F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1201_3 Chambers, R., & Conway (1992). Sustainable rural livelihooda: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS Discussion Paper 296, IDS, Brighton, UK. Charles, C-A & Gustav, H. D. (2009). The Comparative role of intervening variables in understanding farmer’s adoption behavior. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting, InterContinental San Juan Resort, Puerto Rico. Chookiat, O. (2011). Thailand secret to world’s largest rice and the future plan. An interviews with president of Thai rice exporters association. Christian, K. (2013). Global development and happiness: How can data on subjective well being inform development theory and practice? IDS working Paper, 2013(432). Chuluun, T., Graham, C., & Myanganbuu, S. (2016). Who is happy in the land of eternal blue sky? Some insights from a first study of wellbeing in Mongolia. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 49-70. doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.506 Chisasa, J., & Makina, D. (2012). Trends in credit to smallholder farmers in South Africa. The International Business & Economics Research Journal, 11(7), 771-784 Chisasa, J. (2013). Bank credit and agricultural output in South Africa:A cobb-douglas empirical analysis. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 12(4). Clark, A. E. & Oswald, A. J. (1994). Unhappiness and unemployment. Economic Journal. 104, 648-659. Coleman et al. (1998). Welfare of production animals: assessment and management of risks. Edited by Frans J. M. S.,& Algers B. Wageningen Academic Publishers. Conceição, P., & Bandura R. (undated). Measuring subjective wellbeing: A summary review of the Literature. Coughenour, M. C., & Swanson L. (1992). Determinants of farmers’ satisfactions with farming and with life: A replication and extension. Southern Rural Sociology, 9(1). Cramm, J. M., Møller V., & Nieboer, A. P. (2012). Individual-and neighbourhood-level indicators of subjective well-being in a small and poor Eastern Cape Township: The effect of health, sosial capital, marital status, and income. Soc Indic Res 105:581–593 Cummins, R. A. (1998). The second approximation to an international standard of life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 43, 307-334. Cummins, R. A., Eckersley, R., Pallant, J., Vugt, J. V. & Misajon, R.(2002). Developing a national index of subjective wellbeing: The Australian unity wellbeing index. Sosial Indicators Research, 64, 159-190. Das, A., Senapati, M., & John, J. (2009). Impact of agricultural credit on agriculture production: an empirical analysis in India. Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 30 (2), 75-107. David, G. B. & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of Public Economics. 88, 1359– 1386. David, J. P. (2013). Relationship among employee perception of their manager’s behavioral integrity, moral distress, and amployee attitudes and well-being. Journal of Business Ethics. 113:51-60. DOI 10.1007/s10551-012-1280-z. Dariush, H., & Karami, E. (2005). The perception of Iranian farmers. Journal of Economic Psychology. 26, 884-901. Dearing, E., & Hamilton, L. C. (2006). Contemporary Advances and Classic Advice for Analyzing Mediating and Moderating Variables. Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development. 71(3), 88-104. Deininger, K. & Binswanger, H. P. (1995). Rent seeking and development of large-scale agriculture in Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Journal of Economic Development and cultural change, 43(3), 493-522. Devereux, S. (2001). Social pension in Namibia and South Africa. IDS Discussion Paper 379, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Devereux, S., Baulch, B., Macauslan I., Phiri A., & Wheeler, S. W. (2006). Vulnerability and sosial protection in Malawi. IDS Discussion Paper 387. Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RE UK Diagne, A & Zeller, M. (2001). Access to credits and it impact on welfare in Malawi. Research Report 116.International Food Policy Research Institute. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data. Diener, E., Suh, M., Lucas, E. & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin. 125(2), 276-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 Diener, E. (2009). Subjective well-being. The Science of well-being, 11-58. The Collected Works of Ed Diener. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. Dienner, E., R. E., Schimmack, U., & Helliwell, J. F. (2009). Well-being for public policy. New York, NY : Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334074.001.0001 Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575. Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2009). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and life satisfaction. The Collected Works of Ed Diener. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. Diener, E., Lucas, E. R., & Oishi, S. (2009). Subjective well-being. Assessing well-being. Social Indicators Research Series 39. The Collected Works of Ed Diener. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. Dodge, R., Daly A., Huyton J. & Sanders L. (2012). The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, l 2(3), 222-235. Doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4 Dolan, P. & White, M. P. (2007). How can measures of subjective well-being be used to inform public policy? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 71-85. Dorward, A., Anderson, S., Clark, S., Keane, B., & Moguel, J.(2001). Asset Functions and Livelihood Strategies: A Framework for Pro-Poor Analysis, Policy and Practice. ADU Working paper 01/01. Dudek, H. (2006). Determinants of poverty in polish farmers’ households – binary choice models approach. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. 9(1), Topic: Economics. Dunn, E. W., Akin, L. B. & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science. 319. 1687-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1150952 Easterlin, R. A. (1974). “Does economic growth improve the human lot?” Some empirical evidence. David, P. A., & Reder, M. W. (Eds), Nations and households in economi growth: essays in honour of moses abramovitz. New York, NY: Academic Press. Easterlin, R. A. (2001). Income and happiness: Towards a unified theory. The Economic Journal, 111, 465-484. Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Building a Better Theory of Well-Being. IZA Discussion Paper No. 742. Ekbom, A. (1998). Some determinants to agricultural productivity – an application to the Kenyan highlands. Paper Presented at the World Conference of Environmental Economics, Venice, Italy. Ekwere, G. E., & Edem, I. D. (2014). Evaluation of Agricultural Credit Facility in Agricultural Production and Rural Development.Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 14(3), 19-26. El-Osta, H. S., Mishra, A. K. & Morehart, M. J. (2007). Determinants of economic wellbeing among U.S. farm operator households. Agricultural Economics, 36, 291-304. El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J. A., Keller, P. S., Cummings, E. M., & Acebo C. (2007). Child emotional insecurity and academic achievement: The role of sleep disruptions. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(1), 29-38. Enwerem, V. A. & Ohajianya, D.O. (2013). Farm size and technical efficiency of rice farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (2), 128-136. Erythrina & Zaini, Z. (2013). Indonesia Rice Check Procedure: an Approach for Acceleration the Adoption of ICM . Paper presented at the High Level Policy Dialogue on Technology Transfer for Smallholder Farmers, Bogor. Estudillo, J. P., Sawada, Y., & Hossain, M. (2005). Sosioeconomic changes and the decline in poverty: A view from three villages in the Philippines, 1985-1997. Asian Economic Journal, 19(4). Fabrica, N. & David, C. (2010). A broader perspective of measuring the well-being of rural Farm and non-farm households. The Third Wye Global Conference Washington-DC. Fahmi, Z., Abu Samah B.,& Abdullah, H. (2013). Paddy industry and paddy farmers well-being: A success recipe for agriculture industry in Malaysia. Asian Sosial Science, 9(3). Fan, A., & Zhang, X. (2004). Infrastructure and regional economic development in rural China. China Economic Review, 15, 203– 214 Felce, D., & Perry, J. (1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement Research in developmental disabilities, 16(1), 51-74. Ferrell, B. (1995). The impact of pain on quality of life. A decade of research. The Nursing Clinics of North America, 30(4), 609. Fred, M. H. (1979). Perception on well-being in Ghana 1970 and 1975. African Studies Reviews, 22(1) , 109-125. Forgeard, M. J. C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(1), 79-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i1.15 Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2000). Happiness, Economy and Institutions. The Economic Journal, 110(466), 918-938. Frey, B. S.,& Stutzer, A. (2002). The Economics of happiness. World Economics, 3(1). Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). What can economists learn from happiness research? Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 402-435. Fujimoto, A. (1983). Farm management analysis of Malay and Chinese farming in Province Wellesley, Malaysia. Developing Economies, 21(1). Fujimoto, A. (1988). The Economics of land tenure and rice production in a doublecroping village in Southern Thailand. The Developing Economies, XXVI-3 Ganpat, W. G., & Bholasingh D. (1999). Attitude of farmers towards farming inTrinidad. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 6(1), 33-38 Gasper, D. (2007). Conceptualizing human needs and well-being. In wellbeing in Developing Countries: New approaches and research strategies. edited by I. Gough and J.A. MacGregor, Cambridge University Press, 47-70. Gough, I., & McGregor, J. (2007). Wellbeing in Developing Countries: From theory to research: Cambridge Univ Press. GLOPP (2008). DFID’s sustainable livelihoods approach and its framework. http://www.glopp.ch/B7/en/html/unit_1_present_2.html#top Grace, J. (2007). Structural Equation Modeling to Analyze Monitoring Data. Science for A Changing World. Grachangnetara, S., & Bumrungtham, P. (2003). Productivity of rice cropping and Irrigation in Thailand. TDRI Quarterly Review. Greewal, R., Cote, J. A., & Baumgartner, H. (2004). Multicolonearity and measurement error in structural equation models: Implications for theory testing. Marketing Science, 23, (4), 519-529. Harun, R., Suhaimee, S., Mohd Amin, M. Z., Sulaiman, N.H.(2015). Benchmarking and prospecting of technological practicesin rice production. Economic and Technology Management Review, 10(b), 77-88. Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. 6th edition. Pearson Hans, E. S. (1943). Attitude research in the department of agriculture. The Public Opinio Quarterly, 7(2), 280-292. Han, T-S., Lin, C. Y-Y., & Chen, M. Y-C. (2008). Developing human modal indicators:A threeway approach. Int. J. Learning and Intellectual Capital, 5(3/4), 387-403 Harsharanjeet, Jagpal, S. (1982). Multicolinearity in structural equation models with unobservable variables. Journal of Marketig Research, 15, 431-439. Helliwell, J. F. (2011). Institutions as enablers of wellbeing: The Singapore prison case study. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(2), 255-265. Doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i2.7 Helfand, M. S.& Levine, E. S. (2004). Farm size and the determinants of productive efficiency in the Brazilian Center-West. Agricultural Economics 31, 241–249 Herck, K. V. (2009). A comparative analysis of rural labour markets. Strructural change in agriculture and rural livelihoods. Hicks, S. (2011). The Measurement of subjective well-being. Paper for Measuring National Well-being Technical Advisory Group. Office for National Statistics. Hoorn, A. V. (2007). A short introduction to subjective well-being: Its measurement, correlates and policy uses. Paper prepared for The International Conference: Is Happiness Measurable and What Do Those Measure Mean For Policy? University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’ Hossain, M., Ut, T. T. & Bose, M. L. (undated). Livelihood systems and dynamics of poverty in a Coastal Province of Vietnam. Hussin, A. (2012). Impact of credit disbursement, area under cultivation, fertilizer consumption and water availability on rice production in Pakistan (1988-2010). Sarhad J. Agric, 28(1), 95-110 Hussin, F., & Mat, A. B. W. (2013). Socio-economic level of paddy farmers under the management of MADA: A case study in the Pendang District, Kedah. Journal of Governance and Development, 9, 79-92. Hussin, F., Ali J., & Zamzuri Noor, M. S. (2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan dan Analisis Data SPSS. Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok. Ibrahim, A. Z., Siwar C., & Abdul Talib, B. (2013). Determining sources of income among paddy farmers in Muda irrigation area, Malaysia. Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS). 17(4), 100-105. Ibrahim, A. Z., & Khalil, S. (2009). Impak perbelanjaan Rancangan Malaysia lima tahun ke atas sektor pertanian dan kemiskinan: Analisa empat dekad. Journal of Ethics, Legal and Governance, 5, 75-93. Ismail, R. (2000). Educational and income inequality in Malaysia. Humanomics, 16(2), 19-40. DOI: 10.1108/eb018851 Inglehart, R., & Klingemann, H. D. (2000). ‘Genes, culture, democracy and happiness’, in E. Diener and E.M. Suh (eds), culture and subjective well-bjameseing, 165-184. Cambridge, MA:Bradford. Iqbal, M., Ahmad, M., Abbas, K., & Mustafa, K. (2003).The Impact of Institutional Credit on Agricultural Production in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 42(4),469-485. Jensen, B. (2012). Ricecheck Recommendations. A management guide for improving rice yields, grain quality, profit and sustainability. Department of Primary Industries. New South Wales. Kamaruddin, R., Ali, J. & Saad, M. N. (2013). Happiness and its influencing factors among paddy farmers in granary area of MADA. Proceedings Book of ICEFMO, 2013, Malaysia Handbook on the Economic, Finance and Management Outlooks. ISBN: 978-969-9347-14-6 Kamaruddin, R., Samsudin, S., Berawi, M. F., Che Mat, S. H. & Hassan, G. A. A. (2013). Developing a sustainable livelihood index of the hardcore poor: Case study in the district of Baling, Kedah. Laporan Akhir Penyelidikan. Universiti Utara Malaysia. Kavithaa, N. V. & Rajkumar, N. V. (2017). Factors contributing the attitude of farm women towards backyard poultry farming in Erode District of Tamilnadu. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(1), 573 – 579. Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C.D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Sosial Psychology, 82, 1007-1022. Kertas Kerja Belum Disemak. www.parlimen.gov.my/hindex/pdf/DR08102003.pdf Khan, M. H. & Maki, D. R. (1979). Effects of farm size on economic efficiency. The case of Paskistan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(1), 64- 69. Kielland, C., Skjerve, E., Ǿsterǻs, O., & Zanella, A.J. (2010). Dairy farmer attitudes and empathy toward animals are associated with animal welfare indicators. J. Dairy Sci., 93,2998-3006. Kreidl, M. (2000). Perceptions of poverty and wealth in western and post-communist countries. Social Justice Research, 13, 151-76. Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Education and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Krobbuaban, B., & Phompakping, B.(2012). Well-being measurement scale for farmers in Northeast Thailand. American Journal of Health Sciences, 393. Kumar, N. C. (2013). Farmer Suicide’s in Karnataka with Globalization Period. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology. 4(9),887-892. Kurosaki, T. Crop Choice, Farm Income, and Political Control in Myanmar. This Version: 14 September 2007 (Previous version: July 2007). www.ier.hitu.ac.jp/~kurosaki/jape_kurosaki2.pdf Lacy, J., G. Beecher, K., Bechaz, S., Clavarella, & Clough, R. (2005). Ricecheck recommendations. A guide to objective rice crop management for improving yields, grain quality and profits, and for economic and environmental sustainability. NSW Department of Primary Industries. Lundvall, J., & Johansson, M. S. (2011). Human-animal interactions in dairy production. Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Lawal, J.O, Omonona, B.T. & Oyinleye, O. D. (2011). Effects of livelihood assets on poverty status of farming households’ in Southwestern, Nigeria. Paper prepared for presentation at the EAAE 2011 Congress Change and Uncertainty. Layard, R., Nickell, S. & Mayraz, G. (2008). The marginal utility of income. Journal of Public Economics, 92(8-9), 1846-1857. Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (2013). Laporan Kajian Indeks Kesejahteraan Keluarga Malaysia 2011. Bahagian Kependudukan LPPKN. Lewis, J. (2014). Income, expenditure and personal well-being, 2011/2012. Office for National Statistics. Lindströ, B., & Henriksson, B. (1996). The essence of existence on the quality of life of children in the Nordic Countries. International Journal of Sosial Welfare, 5(2), 117-118. Lilyan, E., Fulginiti, &. Perrin, R. K. (1998). Agricultural productivity in developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 19, 45-51. Linh, V. H. (2009). Vietnam’s agricultural productivity: A malmquist index approach. Working Paper Series. Vietnam Development Forum. Lydia, Z. (undated). Agricultural investment and productivity in developing countries. Economic and Social Development Department. Lucas (1988). Human capital and economic growth. www.kc.frb.org/publicat/sympos/1992/s92barro.pdf Lun, V. M-C., & Bond, M. H. (2013). Examining the relation of religion and spirituality to subjective well-being across national cultures. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(4), 304-315. Man, N., & Sadiya, S. I. (2009). Off-Farm employment participation among paddy farmers in the Muda Agricultural Development Authority and Kemasin Semerak granary areas of Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 16(2). Mandl, U., Dierx, A., Ilzkovitz F. The effectiveness and efficiency of public spending. Economic Papers. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications Maulana, M. (2004). Peranan luas lahan, intensitas pertahanan dan produktivitas sebagai sumber pertumbuhan padi sawah di Indonesia 1980-2001. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 22, 74-95. Marcos, G. Human capital and firm-level production: Argentine agriculture. http://www.aaep.org.ar/espa/anales/pdf_01/gallacher.pdf Matthew, O. H. (2002). Religion, race/ethnicity, and beliefs about poverty. Social Science Quarterly, 83(3). Matthew, G., Elodie, D., Sophia, D. & Laure, L. (2008). Attitudes to agriculturAnnaal policy and farming futures in the context of the 2003 CAP Reform: A comparison of farmers in selected established and new member states. Journal of Rural Studies, (,24)322-336. McAllister, F. (2005). Wellbeing concepts and challenges. Discussion paper prepared by for the Sustainable Development Research Network McGuire, W. J. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In handbook of Social Psychology, 11, 233-246 Michael, A., Trueblood & Coggins, J. (undated). Intercountry agricultural efficiency and productivity: A malmquist Index Approach. Michaelson, J., Abdallah, S., Steuer, N., Thompson, S. & Marks, N. (2008). National accounts of well-being: bringing real wealth onto the balance sheet. London: nef. Miranda, C. (2002). Sustainable livelihoods approach: Concept and practice. Miyuki, I., Patrick K., Patti K., Simon K., & Joseph, M. (2008). Livelihood diversification strategies, income and soil management strategies: A case study from Kerio Valley, Kenya. Journal of International Development, 20, 380-397. Mohammad, S., Javed, M. S., Ahmad, B., & Mushtaq, K. (2007). Price and non price factors affecting acreage response of wheat in different agro-ecological zones in Punjab: A Co-intergration Analysis. Pak.J Agri Sci,44(2), 370-376. Mohd Shaladdin, Abdul Aziz, W., & Nik Wan (2006). Analisis kesejahteraan hidup nelayan pesisir. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 8, 58-77. Molua, E. L. (2010). Price and non price determinants and acreage response of rice in Cameroon, ARPN. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 5(3), 20-25. Monica, G. R., & Jackeline, V. (2005). Exploring the relationship between hapiness, objective and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Thailand. Paper presented at The Capabilities and Happiness Conference 16-18 June 2005. Moore, K. A., Murphey, D., & Bandy, T. (2012). Positive child well-being: An index based on data for individual children. Matern Child Health J, 16, 119-128. Moser, C. O. N. (1998). The asset vulnerability framework: Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies’. World Development, 26(1), 1-19. Moser, C. O. N., & Dani, A. A. (2008). Assets, livelihoods, and social policy. New Frontiers of Social Policy. Mosley, P. (2005). Risk attitudes in the ‘vicious circle of poverty’. The European Journal of Development Research, 17(1), 59-88. Myers, J. E., & Sweeney, T. J. (2005). Counseling for wellness: Theory, research, and practice: Amer Counseling Assn. Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J., & Witmer, J. M. (2000). The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(3), 251-266. Narayan, D., & Pritchett, L. (1999). Cents and sociability: Household income and social capital in rural Tanzania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(4), 871-897. Nattavudh, P. (2007). Feeling richer or poorer than others: A cross-section and panel analysis of subjective economic status in Indonesia. Asian Economic Journal, 21(2), 169-194. Nazim, N. H. (2010). Public beliefs regarding the causes of poverty during transition: Evidence from the Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia, and Ukraine. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 31(1), 53-74. Nazli, H., Orden D., & Sarker R. (2012). Bt cotton adoption and wellbeing of farmers in Pakistan. Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) Triennial Conference, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. New Economics Foundaion (2010). The role of local government in promoting wellBeing. www.neweconomics.org/projects/five-ways-well-being. Norris, P. E., & Batie, S. S. (1987). “Virgina farmers’ soil conservation decisions: an application of tobit analysis.” Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics 19:79-90. Noor, M. Z, & Hussein, M. A. (1986). The impact of free fertilizer subsidy scheme on economic efficiency of paddy farmers in West Malaysia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 3, 12-29. OECD (2001) The Wellbeing of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital, Education and Skills.OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, Paris, France. Office for National Statistic. (2014). Economic well-being-Framework and Indicators. ww.ons.gov.uk. Oluwatayo, I. B. (2015). Healthcare Service Delivery System and Households’ Welfare Status in Urban Southwest Nigeria. J Hum Ecol, 50(2), 181-187 Onianwa, O., Wheelock G., Gyawali B, Gan J., Dubois M, & Schelhas, J. (2004). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation Behavior of Limited Resourse Farmers in Agricultural Cost-share Programs in Alabama. Journal of Agribusiness, 22(1), 17-29. Oort, F. (2005). Using Structural Equation Modeling to Detect Response Shifts and True Change. Quality of Life Research, 14(3), 587-598. Oort, F., Visser, M., & Sprangers, M. (2005). An application of structural equation modeling to detect response shifts and true change in quality of life data from cancer patients undergoing invasive surgery. Quality of Life Research, 14(3), 599-609. Osberg, L., & Sharpe, A. (2010). How are we doing? The index of economic well-being. challenge, 53(4), 25–42.. Oswald, A. J. (1997). Happiness and economic performance. The Economic Journal, 107(445), 1815-1831. Pensuk, A, & Rajendra, P. S. (2007). Effect of land use change on rural livelihoods: a case study of phatthalung watershed, Southern Thailand. GMSARN International Conference on Sustainable Development Challenges and Opportunities flor GMS, 12-14. Pinckney, T. C. (undated). Human Capital and Agricultural Productivity. Pollnac, R. B., & Poggie, J. J. (2008). Happiness, well-being and psychocultural adaptation to the stresses associated with marine fishing. Human Ecology Review, 15(2). Pontin, E., Schwannauer, M., Tai S., & Kinderman, P. (2013). A UK validation of A general measure of subjective well-being: The modified BBC subjective well-being scale (BBC-SWB). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 11:150. Doi:10.1186/1477-11-150 Prathap, D. P., & Ponnusamy, K. A. (2006). Factors influencing the attitude of farmers of Tamil Nadu, India towards rabbit farming. Livestock Research For Rural Development. 18(5). Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3) 879-891. Putnam, R. D. (1995).Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics, 28(4), 664-683 Putnam, R. D. Rabobank (2011). It’s more than the economy, stupid! it’s all about wellbeing. Economic Research Department. The Netherlands. Renwick, R. (2006). The Quality life model. http://www.utoronto.ca/qol/concepts.htm, pada 8/4/2012 Report No. 13431 – CE Sri Lanka poverty assessment. 11 Januari 1995. wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/.../INDEX/multi0page.txt Rima, N. S. (2014). Agricultural Credit flow of Commercial Banks and Impact on Agricultural production in Nepal. Scholars Journal of Art, Humanities and Social Science, 2(2), 372-376. Robison, L. J., Schmid, A. A., & Siles, M. E. (2000). Is social capital really capital? Review of Social Economy. Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A Review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing in S Fiske (ed) Annual Review of Psychology Sacks, D. W., Stevenson B., & Wolfers, J. (2012). The new stylized facts about income and subjective well-being. American Psychological Association. Sadeghi, J. M., Toodehroosta, M. & Amini, A. (2012). Determinants of poverty in rural areas: Case of Savejbolagh Farmers in Iran. Working Paper0112. Salam, SAAB (2009). Sustainable livelihood approach in rural development. Economic And Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). Saleem, M. A., & Jan, F. A. (2011). The impact of agricultural credit on agricultural productivity in Dera Ismail Khan (District) Khyber Pakhtonkhawa Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management,3(2), 38-44. Schneider, L., & Schimmack , U. (2009). Self-informant agreement in well-being ratings: A meta-analysis. Social Indicators Research, 94, 363-376. Doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9440-y Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable rural Livelihood. A framework for analysia. IDS working Paper 72. Institute of Development Studies. Seedhouse, D. (1995).‘Well-being’: health promotion’s red herring. Health Promotion International, 10(1), 61. Seligment, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish – A new understanding of happiness and well-being -and how to achieve Them. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Sen, A. (2000). Merit and justice”, in Arrow, K., Bowels, S. and Durlauf, S. (Eds), Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton University Press, Princeton. NJ. 5-16. Shafiai, M. H. M., & Moi, M. R. (2015). Financial problems among farmers in Malaysia: Islamic agricultural finance as a possible solution. Asian Social Science, 11(4), 1. Shafii, H., & Miskam, N. (2011). Pembentukan penunjuk dan indeks kualiti hidup bagi mengukur kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat di pekan Parit Raja, Johor. dalam “Kertas Kerja Persidangan Kebangsaan; Geografi dan Alam Sekitar Kali ke 3”. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim. Sharpe, A. & Smith, J. (2005). Measuring the impact of research on well-being: a survey of indicators of wellbeing. Report prepared for the Centre for the Study of Living Standards for the Prime Minister’s Advisory Council on Science and Technology. Shibia, M. G. (2010). Determinants of attitudes and perceptions on resource use and management of marsabit reserve, Kenya. Journal of Hum Ecol, 30(1), 55-62. Shin, D., & Johnson, D. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life. Social Indikators Research, 5(1), 475-492. Shiva, V., & Kunwar, J. (2006). Farmers’ Suicide in India. New Delhi:Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology. Sial, M. H., Awan, M. S. & Waqas, M. (2011). Role of Institutional Credit on Agricultural Production:A Time Series Analysis of Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Finance,3(2) Singh, R., Brennan, J., & Lacy, J. (undated). Economic assessment of partial adoption of extension programs: the case of the ricecheck program in Australia. Extension Farming Systems Journal.5(1). Singh, R.P., Brennan, J. P., & Lacy, J., (2005). An economic evaluation of the ricecheck extension program in NSW. Paper presented for the 50th annual conference of the Australian Agriculture and Resource Economic Society, Manly. Siwar, C., Nor Diana, M. I., Basri, A. T., & Berma, M. (2012). Socioeconomic impact on farmers in Malaysia: A case study on integrated agricultural development project. American Journal of Applied Science, 9(4), 579-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.579.583 Siwar, C., Yasar, M., Ghazali, R., & Mohd Idris, N. D. (2013). Vulnerability and sustainable livelihood of paddy farmers in the North Terengganu Integrated Agriculture Development Area (IADA KETARA), Malaysia. Prosiding PERKEM VIII, Jilid 2 ,778-789. “Dasar Awam Dalam Era Transformasi Ekonomi: Cabaran dan Halatuju” Johor Bahru. Smith, C. L., & Clay, P. M. (2010). Measuring subjective and objective well-being: Analyses from five marine commercial fisheries. Human Organization, 69(2). Smith, J. D. & Morgan, J.N. (2012). Variability of economic well-being and its determinants. The American Economic Review, 60(2), 286-295. Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J.(2008). Economic growth and subjective well-being: Reassessing the Easterlin paradox. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1-87. Stockley, D. Human capital – Definition, concept dan importance. http://derekstockley.com.au/a-human-resources.html. dicapai pada 4 Mei 2011. Stratham, J., & Chase, E. (2010). Childhood wellbeing – A brief overview. Loughborough: Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre. Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J. (2009). Report by The Commission On The Measurement on Economic Performance and Sosial Progress. Paris: The Commission On Economic and Social Progress. Sugiyanto, C., Subiyantini W., & Giyanti, S. (2006). Should farmers apply organic fertilizer? The 8th Indonesian Regional Science Association Conference. Sulaiman, J., Azman, A., & Senadjki, A.(2014). Comparing vulnerability to poverty: A case study in the Northern Region of Malaysia. International Journal of Social Work and Human Services Practice, 2(2) , 24-29. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, USA: Allyn and Bacon. Tacoli, C. (1998). Rural urban linkages and sustainable rural livelihoods,. Sustainable Livelihoods: : What contribution can we make? D. Carney. London: 67-82. Tacoli, C. (1999). Rural-urban interactions. University of Birmingham, International Development Department. Tacoli, C. (2002). Changing rural-urban interactions in sub-Saharan Africa and their impact on livelihoods. Working paper series on Rural-Urban Interactions and livelihood Strategies. Wing Paper Series on Rural-Urban Interactions and Llihood Tanaka, J. S., & Huba, G. J. (1985). A fit index for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 197–201. Taneerananon, S. (2005). Demographic behaviour responses to poverty: Findings from the participatory poverty assessment of Thailand. Paper presented at the IUSSP XXV International Population Conference, Tours, France. Teddlie, C. & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 1:77. DOI: 10.1177/2345678906292430 Tey, Y. S. (2010). Malaysia’s strategic food security approach. Review Article. International Food Research Journal, 17, 501-507. The Well-being of Nations. (2001). The role of human and social capital. Education and skill. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, OECD. Thepent, V., & Chamsing, A. (2009). Agricultural mechanization development in Thailand. The Fifth Session of The Technical Committee of APCAEM., Los Banos, Philippines. Thomas, J. (2009). Working paper: Current measures and the challenges of measuring children’s wellbeing. Newport: Office for National Statistics. Tim, J. Coelli & Rao, D. S. P. (2003). Total factor productivity growth in agriculture: A malmquist index analysis of 93 Countries, 1980-2000. International Association of Agricultural Economics (IAAC) Conference. Durban. Travis, J., & Ryan, R. (2004). Wellness index: A self-assessment of health and vitality: Celestial Arts. Tey, Y. S, Darham, S., Mohd Noh, A. F. & Idris, N. (2010). Acreage response of paddy in Malaysia. Agric Econ-Czech, 56(3), 135-140. Twenge, J. (2000). The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism,1952-1993. Journal of Personality and Sosial psychology, 79, 1007-1021 Unicef Office of Research.(2013). Child well-being in rich countries: A comparative overview. Innocenti Report Card 11. Unicef Office of Research, Florence. Unit Perancang Ekonomi. (1999). Usaha ke arah peningkatan kualiti hidup: Kualiti hidup Malaysia 1999. Jabatan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Berhad. Veenhoven, R. (2002). Why social policy needs subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 58, 33-45. http://www2.eur.nl/fsw/research/veenhoven/index2.htm Veenhoven, R. (2006). How do we assess how happy we are? Tenets, implications and tenability of three theories. Paper conference on ‘New Directions in the Study of Happiness: United States and International Perspectives’, University of Notre Dame, USA, October 22-24. Villano, R., & Fleming, E.(2006). Technical inefficiency and production risk in rice farming: Evidence from Central Luzon Philippines. Asian Economic Journal, 20(1), 29-46. Waldron, S. (2010). Measuring subjective wellbeing in the UK. Office for National Statistics working paper. Wang, X., Yao, S., Liu, J., & Xin, X.(2007). Measuring rural poverty in China:A case study approach. PMMA Working paper Wheeler, S. (2005). Factors influencing agricultural professionals’ attitudes towards organic agriculture and Biotechnology. Centre for Regulation and Market Analysis, University of South Australia Wills, E. (2007). Spirituality and subjective well-being: Evidences for a new domain in the personal well-being index. J Happiness Stud, 10, 49-69. Wisner, B., Blaikie, Cannon, P. T., & Davis I.(2003) At Risk: Natural Hazards, Peoples’ Vulnerability and Disasters, 2nd edition. London: Routledge. Woolcock, M. & Narayan, D. (2000). Social Capital: Implication for Development Theory, Research and Policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2). Wu, H., Ding, S., Pandey, S., & Tao, D. (2010). Assessing the impact of agricultural technology adoption on farmers’ well-being using propensity-score matching analysis in rural China. Asian Economic Journal, 24(2), 141–160. Yadav, P. & Sharma, A.K. (2015). Agriculture credit in developing economies: A review of relevant literature. International Journal of Economics and Finance; 7(12) Yao, S. (1996).The determinants of cereal crop production of the peasant farm sector in Ethiopia, 1981-1987. Journal of International Development, 8(1), 69-82 Yao, R. T., Shively, G. E. (2007). Technical change and productive efficiency: Irrigated rice in the Philippines. Asian Economic Journal, 21(2), 155-168. Yao, R. T., Shively, G. E. & William, A. (2005). Masters. How successful are government interventions in food markets? Insights from the Philippine rice market. Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University. Staff Paper #05-06. Yassin, S. M., Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Hassan, M. S., Othman, M. S., Abu Samah B., Abu Samah, A., & Ramli, S. A. (2012). The quality of life and human development index of community living along Pahang and Muar rivers: a case of communities in Pekan, Bahau and Muar. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(6), 90-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n6p90 Yoshino, M. (undated). Rice production and climate change in monsoon Asia: Problem in the 21st Century. Yotopoulos, P. A and Lau, L. J. (1973). “Test of relative economic efficiency: some further results. American Journal of Economics review, 63(1), 214-223 Yusof, M. A., Ali J., & Kamaruddin, R. (2013). Kesejahteraan Hidup: Kajian Petani di Kawasan Penanaman Padi di Negeri Perlis. Prosiding Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia Ke VIII Jilid 3,1177-1. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Yusof, M. A., Ali, J., & Kamaruddin, R. (2016). Kepentingan Sikap Kepada Kesejahteraan Hidup Petani MADA: Kajian Kes Petani MADA. Proceedings The 3rd Annual ECoFI Symposium Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking AES 2016, 3, 157-165. Yussoff , E. (1986). Rice production in West Malaysia-technology needs in the next decade. Proceeding of the National Rice Conference 1986, .307-329. Yusoff, M. S. B. (2011). Psychometric properties of the learning approach inventory: A confirmatory factor analysis. Education in Medicine Journal, 3 (2), e24-e31. Zaimah, R et al. (2012). Kualiti Hidup dan Kesejahteraan Belia: Kajian ke atas Pekerja Sektor Awam Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 8(6), 150 -156. Zulkefli, A. H. (1986). Pengeluaran beras di dalam kawasan projek pembangunan pertanian Bersepadu (Eds.), Proceeding of the National Rice Conference, 265-275 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_production_in_Thailand. 3th June 2010. ____________Sekinchans Paddy: Not a Fairy Tale Venture. 21st May 2008. ____________ Thailand Experiences. The Thai Attitude to Work. http://www.chiangmai- chiangrai.com/thai_attitude_to_work.html. 6th June 2010. ___________Rice Production in Thailand. Museum of Learning. http://www . museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Rice_production_in_Thailand. 15 Febuari 2011. ___________ Rice News. Our Next Green Revolusion? http://www.asiarice.org/sections/Whatsnew/Thailand71.htm. dicapai pada 6 Jun 2010 http://nwia.idwellness.org/2011/02/28/definitions-of-wellbeing-quality-of-life-andwellness/ dicapai pada 25 september 2014. http://www.kenpro.org/sample-size-determination-using-krejcie-and-morgan-table/ The Nation, 11 August 2005. Rice News: Thailand. Dicapai dari: http://www.asiarice.org/sections/Whatsnew/Thailand71.htm. Dicapai pada: 6/6/2010 EDITORIAL: Our next green revolution?

Similar Items