Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu

Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu

Teacher engagement is an important element in improving teacher performance and school productivity. Teacher workload, work pressure, work resources and organizational socialization processes are among the factors that influence the behavior and the engagement of teachers. This study was carried out...

全面介紹

Saved in:
書目詳細資料
主要作者: Rozita, Abdullah
格式: Thesis
語言:eng
eng
出版: 2019
主題:
HD58.9 Organizational Effectiveness.
LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
在線閱讀:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/1/s93290_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/2/s93290_02.pdf
標簽: 添加標簽
沒有標簽, 成為第一個標記此記錄!
id my-uum-etd.7998
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Tengku Ariffin, Tengku Faekah
Awang Hashim, Rosna
topic HD58.9 Organizational Effectiveness.
LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
spellingShingle HD58.9 Organizational Effectiveness.
LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
Rozita, Abdullah
Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
description Teacher engagement is an important element in improving teacher performance and school productivity. Teacher workload, work pressure, work resources and organizational socialization processes are among the factors that influence the behavior and the engagement of teachers. This study was carried out among new teachers, primarily to identify the influence of organizational socialization factors and proactive behaviors on their engagement, whether directly or indirectly through self-adaptation (self-efficacy factors, clarity of role, social acceptance) which are proposed as the mediators. This study uses a quantitative research method which is a survey study involving the testing of structured models. The data were collected through cross sectional through a questionnaire developed based on the instrument that adapted and tested the validity and reliability. The sample was 312 secondary school teachers from eight districts in Kedah. The results of the study showed that gender and teacher work experience are not significant in differentiating the level of organizational socialization, proactive behavior and new teacher engagement; and all study constructs have positive and significant relationships. Model testing also demonstrates self efficacy and social acceptance as significant mediators to explain the indirect influence of organizational socialization factors and proactive behavior towards new teacher engagement. Theoritically, this study provides empirical evidence on the merging of Bandura's Learning Theory and Job Demand Resources Model. Practically, the findings of the study can be used as a guidance for the Ministry of Education in their efforts to improve the quality of the new teacher induction programme by taking into account the socialization of the organization which includes interpersonal relationships, the application of pedagogical skills and the knowledge of teacher career development. The effort will create self-esteem and sense of belonging among school children, thereby enhancing the engagement of new teachers.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Rozita, Abdullah
author_facet Rozita, Abdullah
author_sort Rozita, Abdullah
title Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
title_short Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
title_full Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
title_fullStr Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
title_full_unstemmed Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
title_sort hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate 2019
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/1/s93290_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/2/s93290_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828304397729792
spelling my-uum-etd.79982022-04-13T03:06:52Z Hasil penyesuaian diri sebagai perantara bagi hubungan sosialisasi organisasi, tingkah laku proaktif dan keterlibatan kerja guru baharu 2019 Rozita, Abdullah Tengku Ariffin, Tengku Faekah Awang Hashim, Rosna Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences HD58.9 Organizational Effectiveness. LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice) Teacher engagement is an important element in improving teacher performance and school productivity. Teacher workload, work pressure, work resources and organizational socialization processes are among the factors that influence the behavior and the engagement of teachers. This study was carried out among new teachers, primarily to identify the influence of organizational socialization factors and proactive behaviors on their engagement, whether directly or indirectly through self-adaptation (self-efficacy factors, clarity of role, social acceptance) which are proposed as the mediators. This study uses a quantitative research method which is a survey study involving the testing of structured models. The data were collected through cross sectional through a questionnaire developed based on the instrument that adapted and tested the validity and reliability. The sample was 312 secondary school teachers from eight districts in Kedah. The results of the study showed that gender and teacher work experience are not significant in differentiating the level of organizational socialization, proactive behavior and new teacher engagement; and all study constructs have positive and significant relationships. Model testing also demonstrates self efficacy and social acceptance as significant mediators to explain the indirect influence of organizational socialization factors and proactive behavior towards new teacher engagement. Theoritically, this study provides empirical evidence on the merging of Bandura's Learning Theory and Job Demand Resources Model. Practically, the findings of the study can be used as a guidance for the Ministry of Education in their efforts to improve the quality of the new teacher induction programme by taking into account the socialization of the organization which includes interpersonal relationships, the application of pedagogical skills and the knowledge of teacher career development. The effort will create self-esteem and sense of belonging among school children, thereby enhancing the engagement of new teachers. 2019 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/1/s93290_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7998/2/s93290_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Adkins, C. (1995). Previous work experience and organizational socialization: A longitudinal examination. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 839-862. Affendi, F. (2014). Tahap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan guru kolej vokasional: pendekatan structural equation model (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia). Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Sosioekonomi. (Edisi Ketiga). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Agarwal, U. A., Datta, S., Blake-Beard, S., & Bhargava, S. (2012). Linking LMX, innovative work behaviour and turnover intentions: The mediating role of work engagement. Career Development International, 208-230. Allen, T. D., Eby, L.T., & Lentz, E. (2006). Mentorship behaviors and mentorship quality associated with formal mentoring programs: Closing the gap between research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 567-578. Alok, K. (2013). Work Engagement in India A Factorial Validation Study of UWES- 9 Scale. Management and Labour Studies, 53-62. Albrecht, S. L. (2012). The influence of job, team and organizational level resources on employee well-being, engagement, commitment and extra-role performance: Test of a model. International Journal of Manpower, 33(7), 840-853. Antonacopoulou, E. P., Guttel, W.H. & Kepler, J. (2010). Staff induction practices and organizational socialization a review and extension of the debate. Society and Business Review, 22-47. Ardts, J., Jansen, P., & van der Velde, M. (2001). The breaking in of new employees: effectiveness of socialisation tactics and personnel instruments. Journal of Management Development, 20(2), 159-167. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Rozavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education (6th. ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Ashford, S. J. (1986). Feedback seeking in individual adaptation: a resources perspectice. Academy of Management Journal, 29(3), 465-487. Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: A role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology ,1, 199-214. Ashforth, B. E., & Saks, A. M. (1996). Socialization Tactics: longitudinal effect on a newcomer adjustment. Academy of Management Journal, Vol.1, 149-178. Ashforth, B. E., Sluss, D. M., & Saks, A. M. (2007). Socialization tactics, proactive behavior, and newcomer learning: Integrating socialization models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 447-462. Ashforth, B. E, Saks, A. M., & Lee, R. T. (1997). On the dimensionality of Jones' (1986) measures of organizational socialization tactics. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 5, 200-214. Azizah Sarkowi. (2012). Penilaian Program praktikum Model Pembentukan dan Peningkatan Kualiti Guru Praperkhidmatan di Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia. Changloon: Universiti Utara Malaysia. Azizi Yahaya, & Norliza Othman. (2008). Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan stress dalam kalangan Guru Sains dan Matematik di Sekolah Menengah Daerah Johor Bahru. In Permasalahan dalam pendidikan sains dan matematik (pp. 73-108). UTM. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13, 209 - 223. Bakker A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147-154. Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopopulou. (2009). The crossover of daily work engagement: Test of an actor-partner interdependance model. Journal of applied Psychology, 94 (6), 1562-1572. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using The Job Demand- Resources Model To Predict Burnout And Performance. Human Resources Management, 83-104. Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement particularly when job demands are high. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 274-284. Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 189-206. Bakker, A., Demerouti, E., & Brummelhuis, L. (2012). Work engagement, performance, and active learning: The role of conscientiousness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 555-564. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 309-328. Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. New York: Psychology Press. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action; A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: NY: Freeman. Bauer, T. N., & Erdogen, B. (2015). Oxford Handbook of Leader-member Exchange. Oxford Press. Bauer, T. N., Erdogan, B., Liden, R. C., & Wayne, S. J. (2006). A longitudinal study of the moderating role of extraversion: Leader-member exchange, performance and turnover during new executive development. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 298-310. Bauer, T. N., & Erdogan, B. (2010a). Organizational Socialization: The effective onboarding of new employees. In H. W. S. Zedeck, APA Handbook of I/O Psychology, Volume III (pp. 2-35). Washington, DC: APA Press. Bauer, T. N., & Green, S. G. (1998). Testing the combined effects of newcomer information seeking and manager behavior on socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 72-83. Bauer, T. N., Bodner, T., Erdogen, B., Truxillo, D. M. & Tucker, J. S. (2007). Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: a meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 92, 707-721. Bardwick, J. M. (1986). The Plateauing Trap, Part 1: Getting Caught. Personnel, 63(10), 46-51. Berger, C. R. (1979). Beyond initial understanding: Uncertainty, understanding and the development of interpersonal relationship. Language and social psychology. 122-144. Bhal, K. T., Gulati, N., & Ansari, M. A (2009). Leader-member exchange and subordinate outcomes: test of mediation model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 106-115. Blase, J. (1991). The Politics of Life in Schools. Thousands Oaks: Carwin Press, Inc. Blau, G. J. (1985). A multiple study investigation of the dimensionality of job involvement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27, 19-36. Boakye, C., & Ampiah, J. G. (2017). Challenges and Solutions: The Experiences of Newly Qualified Science Teachers. SAGE Open, 1-10. Boone, H.N.J., & Boone, D.A. (2012) Analyzing Likert Data. Journal of Extension. 1-5 Boyd, C. M., Bakker, A. B., Pignata, S., Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, N., & Stough, C. (2011). A longitudinal Test of the Job Demand-Resources Model among Australian University Academics. Applied Psychology, 112-140. Breevart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. & Hetland, J. (2012). The measurement of State Work Engagement. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1-8. Brislin, R. (1970). Back translation for cross-cultured research. Journal of crosscultured Psychology, 1, 185-216. Brown, T. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press. New York: NY. Buckingham, M., & Coffman, C. (1999). First, break all the rules: What the world's greatest managers do differently. New York: Simon and Schuster. Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., Singh, P., Alayoglu, N., & Koyuncu, K. (2012). Gender differences in work experience and work outcomes among Turkish managers and professionals. Continuing signs of progress. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23-35. Button, B. (2003). A study examining the use of transformational leadership practice for teacher development. Dissertation Master of Science (Education). University of Wisconsin Stout: Menomonie,WI. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, application and programming (2nd. Ed). New York: Routledge. Cable, D. M., & Parsons, K. (2001). Socialization tactics and Person-organization fit. Personnel Psychology, 54, 1-24. Cardon, M. (2001). The impact of anticipated tenure on satisfaction, commitment and performance of newcomers. Annual Meeting for the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago. Cawyer, C. S. (2002). Mentoring to facilitate socialization: the case of the new faculty member. Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 225-242. Cecilia, B., & Ampiah, J. G. (2017). Challenges and Solutions: The Experiences Of Newly Qualified Science Teacher. Sage Open, 1-10. Chan, D., & Schmitt, N. (2000). Interindividual differences in intraindividual changes in proactivity during organizational entry: A latent growth modeling approach to understanding newcomer adaptation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 190-210. Chao, G.T., O' Leary-Kelly, A. M., Wolf, S., Klein, H. J., & Gardner, P. D. (1994). Organizational socialization: Its content and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 730-743. Chaudhary, B. P. (2016). Factors affecting employee engagement for various generations of employee in Nepal Telecom Pvt. Ltd. International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 107-112. Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S., & Barua, M. K. (2012). Relationships between occupational self efficacy,human resources development climate and work engagement. Team Performance Management: An International Journal 18 (7/8), 370-383 Chee, L. K., & Chan, K. W. (1996). Job satisfaction and conflict among tehnical employees in selected Malaysian engineering firms. Journal of Management, 45-62. Chia Huei Wu, & Parker, S. K. (2014). The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior: A Perspective From Attachment Theory. Journal of Management, 1-25. Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relation with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64, 89 - 136. Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah Penyelidikan Buku 1. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill. Chughtai, A. A., & Buckley, F. (2011). Work Engagement: Antecedents, the mediating role of learning goal orientation and job performance. Career Development International, 684-705. Chughtai, A. A., & Buckley, F. (2009). Linking trust in the principal to school outcomes: The mediating role of organizational odentification and work engagement. International Journal Of Educational Management, 574-569. Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Carleton, L. Z., Shuang Yee Pui, Baltes, B.B. (2016). All Work and No Play? A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates and Outcomes of Workaholism. Journal of Management, 1-38. Coakes, S. J. (2003). SPSS: Analysis without anguish, version 11.0 for windows. New South Wales: John Willey & Sons. Coakes, S. J., Steed, L., & Ong, C. (2009). SPSS version 16.0 for Windows: Analysis without anguish. Qld, Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Cochran, J. D. (2001). Role outcomes of school division socialization tactics for middle schoop principles in Virginia. Doctoral Dissertation. Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Comer, D. R. (1991). Organization newcomers acquisition of information from peers. Management Communication Quarterly, 64-89. Cooper-Thomas, H. & Anderson, N. (2002). Newcomer adjustment: The relationship between organizational socialization tactics, information acquisition and attitudes. Journal of occupational and organizational Psychology,75, 423-437. Cooper-Thomas, H., & Anderson, N. (2005). Organizational Socialization: A field study into socialization success and rate. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 116-128. Cotter, E.W., & Fouad, N. A. (2013). Examining burnout and engagement in layoff survivors: The role of personal strengths. Journal of Career Development, 424-444. Crant, J. M. (1995). The Proactive Personality Scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 532-537 Crant, J. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-462. Crawford, E. R, LePine, J. A. & Rich, B. I (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: a theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of applied psychology, vol.95, 834-848. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research Planning, conducting, evaluating quantitative research. USA: Pearson Practice Hall. Damman, M., Henkens, K., & Kalmijn, M. (2013). Late-Career Work Disengagement: The Role of Proximity to Retirement and Career Experiences. Journal of Gerontology, 455-463. Danielson, M. M. (2004). A theory of continuous socialization for organizational renewal. Human Resource Development Review, 3(4), 354-384. Dawi, A. H. (2002). Penteorian Sosiologi dan Pendidikan. Tanjong Malim : Quantum Books. Day, C. (2000). Stories of Change and Professional development: The cost of Commitment. In C. D. Moller, The life and work of teachers: International perspectives in changing times (pp. 109-129). London: falmer Press. Deci, W. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum. Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2007). The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: A good alternative to measure burout (and engagement). In J. H. (Eds), Handbook of stress and burnout in health care. New York: Nova science. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The Job Demands-Resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499-512. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Vardakou, I., & Kantas, A. (2003). The convergent validity of two burnout instrument. European journal of psychological Assesment,18, 296-307. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Ebbinghaus. (2002). From mental strain to burnout. European Journal of work and Organizational Psychology, 11, 423-441. Demerouti, E., Shimazu, A., Bakker, A. B., Shimada, K., & Kawakami, N. (2013). Work-self balance: A longitudinal study on the effects of job demand and resources on personal functioning in Japanese working parents. Work & Stress, 223-243. DeWall, C. N., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). Social acceptance and rejection: The sweet and the bitter. Psychological Science, 256-260. Dickson, M., Riddlebarger, J., Stringer, P., Tennant, L., & Kennetz, K. (2014). Challenges faces by Novice Emirati teachers. Journal of Research in Education.1-10. Dixon, K. E. (2012). Socialization, social support and cognitive theory: An examination of the graduate teaching assistant. Dissertation, University of Kentucky Emmerik, I. J. H. V., Euwema, M. C., Geschiere, M., & Schouten, M. F. A. G. (2006). Networking your way through the organization: Gender differences in the relationship between network participation and career satisfaction. Women In Management Review, 54-66. Fatiha Senom, Abdul Razak Zakaria, & Shanina Sharatol Ahmad Shah. (2013). Novice Teachers’ Challenges and Survival: Where do Malaysian ESL Teachers Stand? American Journal of Educational Research, 119-125. Fatimah Affendi (2014). Tahap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan guru Kolej Vokasional: Pendekatan Structural Equation Model. Laporan Projek Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional. Feldman, D. (1976). A contigency theory of socialization. Administrative Science Quaterly, 21, 433-452. Feldman, D. (1981). The multiple socialization of organization members. Academy of Management Review, 6, 309-318. Fida, R., Paciello M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2015). An Integrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotion and Moral Disengagement. Journal of business ethics, 131-144. Filstad, C. (2004). How newcomers use role models in organizational socialization. Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 16, No.7, 396-409. Filstad, C. (2011). Organizational commitment through organizational socialization tactics. Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol.23, 376-390. Fisher, C. (1985). Social support and adjustment to work: a longitudinal study. Journal of Management, 11(3), 39-53. Fisher, C. (1986). Organizational socialization: An integrative review. In K. M. G.R.Ferris, Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol.4) (pp. 101-145). Greenwich: CT: JAI Press. Framework, D. (2000). The Dakar Framework for Action Paris. UNESCO. Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001). Personal initiative. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, 133–187. Frone, M. R., Russell, M., Cooper, L. M. (1995). Job stressor, job involvement and employee health: A test of identity theory. Journal of occupational & organizational Psychology, 68(1), 1-11. Gallup Organization. (2006). Feeling good matters in the workplace. Gallup Management Journal, 1-2. Gallup, N. (2016). State Of The American Workplace. Washington D.C: Gallup. Gardner, R. D. (2010). Should I stay or should I go? Factors that influence the retention, turnover, and attrition of k-12 music teachers in the United States. Arts Education Policy Review, 112-121. Giallo, R. & Little, E. 2003. Classroom behavior problems: The relationship between preparedness, classroom experiences, and self-efficacy in graduate and student teachers. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology 3: 21-34 Goe, L. (2007). The Link Between Teacher Quality and Student Outcomes: A Reseach Synthesis. Washington: National Comprehensive Centre For Teacher Quality. Goddard, R. D. (2002). A theoretical and empirical analysis of the measurement of collective efficacy: The development of a short form. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(1), 97-110 Gonzalez-Roma, V., Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Lloret, S. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Independant factors or opposite poles? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 16 Govindarajo, N. S., Kumar, D., & Ramulu, S.S. (2014). Why Workers Disengage? Asian Social Science, 12. Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years; Applying a multi-level multidomain perspective. TheLleadership Quarterly, 6, 219-247. Griffin, A. B. C., Collela, A., & Goparaju, S. (2000). Newcomer and organizational socialization tactics: An interactionist perspectives. Human Resources Management Review, 10, 453-474. Gruman, J. A, Saks. A. M., & Zweig, D. L. (2006). Organizational socialization tactics and newcomers proactive behaviors: An integrative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior,69, 90-104. Hackman, J. R, & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading: MA: Addison- Wesley. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River. NJ. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th.ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Hakanen, J. J. (2002). From burnout to job engagement-validation of the Finnish version of an instrument for measuring job engagement (UWES) in an educational organization. Tyo ja Ihminen, 16, 42-58. Hakanen, J. J. (2008). Positive gain spirals at work: From job resources to work engagement, personal initiative and work-unit innovativeness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 78-91. Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43, 495–513 Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Demerouti, E. (2005). The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: Investigating the English translation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Work & Stress,19, 208-220. Hall, D. (1987). Careers and socialization. Journal of management, 13(2), 301- 321. Hallberg, U. G. (2007). Type A behavior and work situation: Associations with burnout and work engagement. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 135-142. Hart, A. (1994). Leadership as Social Validation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. New Orleans, LA. Harter, J. (2017). Dismal Employee Engagement is a sign of global mismanagement. Gallup Blog, p.1. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement and business outcomes, A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268-279. Harvey, T. (1990). Checklist for change. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Hastings, M., & Agrawal, S. (2015). Lack of Teacher Engagement Linked to 2.3 Million Missed Workdays. Gallup Research Group. Herzberg, F.I. (1966). Work and the nature of man. Oxford, England: World. Hewitt, A. (2013). Trends in Global Engagment Report. London: Aon Hewitt. Hewitt, A. (2016). Actively Disengaged & Staying; Dealing with "Prisoners" in the workplace. London: Hewitt Aon. Hirschi, A., Lee, B., Porfeli, E. J., & Vondracek, F. W. (2013). Proactive motivation and engagement in career behaviors: Investigating Direct, Mediated and moderated effects. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31-40. Hobfoll, S. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. Hoy, W. (1968). The Influence of Experience on the Beginning Teacher. The School Review, 312 - 321. Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal 93(4): 356-372 Hu, Q., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2017). How are changes in exposure to job demands and job resources related to burnout and engagement? A longitudinal study among Chinese nurses and police officers. Stress and Health, 33(5), 631-644. Hudson, P. (2012). How can schools support beginning teachers? A call for timely induction and mentoring for effective teaching. Australian Journal of Teacher, 70-84. Humphrey, D. C. (2007). Teacher induction in Illinios and Ohio: a preliminary analysis. USA: Joyce Foundation. Iddagoda, A., Opatha, H. H. P., & Gunawardana, K. (2015). Employee engagement: conceptual clarification from existing confusion and towards an instrument of measuring it. Proceeding of 12th. International Conference on Business management. University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Hlmn 1-26 Inge Kaul, I., Goldstone, L., Hausner, B., Menon, S., & Jin Wei (2017). Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Media Zone. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/. Ingersoll, R., & Smith, T. M. (2003). The Wrong Solution To The Teacher Shortage. Pennsylvania: GSE Publications. Ingersoll, R., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: a critical review of the research. Review of Education Research, 201-233. Institut Tadbiran Awam, M. (1991). Nilai dan etika dalam Perkhidmatan Awam. Kuala Lumpur. Ivancevich. M. J. & Matteson., M. T. (1987). Organizational Behavior and Management, Business Publishing, Inc., Texas. Jablin, F. (1984). Assimilating new members into organizations. In R. Bostrom, Communication yearbook 8 (pp. 594-626). Beverly Hills: Sage. Janain Burut, & Ramlee Mustapha. (2015). Inovasi Dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Proceeding " 6th. Pedagogy International Seminar 2015, 425-829 Jami'ah, S. (2010, Mei 3). Guru terbabit dadah, kurang disiplin tak layak jadi pendidik. Retrieved from Berita Harian: http:///www.bharian.com.my Jessica Xu, & Helena-Cooper, T. (2011). How can leaders achieve high employee engagement. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, Vol. 32(4), 399-416. Jianhua Ge, Xuemei Su, & Yan Zhou. (2010). Organizational identification and organizational citizenship behavior: an empirical research of Chines hightech manufacturing enterprises. Nnakai Business Review International,Vol 1,No 2, 166-179. Jie Chen, & Derek, E. (2011). The missing link in newcomer adjustment: The role of perceived organizational support. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol.19, 71-88. Jimmieson, N. L., Hannam, R. L., & Yeo, G. B. (2010). Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Job Efficacy: Implication For Student Quality of School Life. British Journal of Psychology, 453-479. John, O. P. & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Measurement: Reliability construct validation and scale construction. In H. R. (Eds.), Handbook of research method in social and personality psychology (pp. 339-369). New York: Cambridge University Press. Jones, G. R.(1986). Socialization tactics, self-efficacy and newcomers' adjustment to organizations. Academy of Management Journal,29, 262-279. Jones, G. R. (2007). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change,. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Judeh, M. (2011). Role Ambiguity And Role Conflict as Mediators of The Relationship between Socialization and Organizational Commitment. International Business Research, 11. Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. Oxford, England: John Wiley. Kahn, W. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, Vol.33, 692-724. Kahn, W. (1992). To be full there: Psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 321-349. Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.88, 779-794. Kanungo, R. (1982). Measurementof job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349. Karatepe, O. (2011). Procedural justice, work engagement, and job outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 855-878. Katz, R. (1985). Organizational stress and early socialization experiences. New York: Wiley. Kaul, I., Goldstone, L., Hausne, B., Menon. S., & Wei, J. (1990). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). TIMSS dan PISA Kajian Malaysia 2015. Malaysia: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2016). Laporan Mesyuarat MKB. Putra Jaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2017). Teks Ucapan sempena Hari Guru, 2017, Dato' Seri Mahdzir bin Khalid, Menteri Pendidikan Malaysia Kim, K., & Roth, G. (2011). Novice teacher and their acquisition of work-related information. Current issues in education, 14(1), 1-28. Kim, T., Cable, D. M., & Kim, S. (2005). Socialization tactics, employee proactivity and person-organization fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 232-241. King, R. C., Weldong Xia, Quick, J. C., & Sethi, V. (2005). Socialization and organizational outcomes of information technologies professionals. Career Development International, Vol. 10, 26-51. Kirk, J., & Miller, M.L. (1986). Reliability and validity in qualitative research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd. ed.). New York: Guilford. Korte, R. (2009). How newcomers learn the social norms of an organization: A case study of the socialization of newly hired engineers. Human Resources Development Quarterly, V.20, no. 3, 285-306. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. Kumar, D. M., Govindarajo, N. S., & Ramulu, S. (2014). Instrumen-Ergonomics Issues (IEI) Integrating Mixed Mode Of Research in Instrument Construction. Asian Social Science, 1-10. Kutsyuruba, B., Walker, K., & Noonan, B. (2011). Restoring Broken Trust in the Work of School Principals. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 39(2). Lacey, C. (1977). The Socialization of Teachers. London: Methuen. Larson, K. R .E., & Bell, A. A. (2013). Newcomer adjustment among recent college graduates: An integrative literature review. Human Resources Development Review, 284-307. Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Van Doornen, L. J. P. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 521-532. Lapierre, L. M., & Hackett, R. D. (2007). Trait conscientiousness, leader-member exchange, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour: A test of an integrative model. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 539-554. Leary, M. (2010). Affiliation, acceptance and belonging. New York: Wiley. Leithwood, K., Steinbach, R., & Begley, P. (1992). Socialization experiences: Becoming a principal in Canada. Becoming a principal: The challenges of beginning leadership, 284-307. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, interpersonal relationships and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 407-416. Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2011). Theories of Human Communication (10th.ed). Long Grove, Illinios: Waveland. Ling, M. (2012). The influence of transformational leadership on teacher Commitment towards organization, teaching profession, and student learning in secondary schools in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal for Educational Studies, 155-178. Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2007). Does a positive gain spiral of resources, efficacy beliefs and engagement exist?. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 825-841. Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense-making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly,25, 226-251. Louis, M. R., Posner, B. Z., & Powell, G. N. (1983). The availability and helpfulness of socialization practices. Personnel Psychology, 36, 857-866. Luthans, F. (2003). Positive organizational behavior (POB): Implications for leadership and HR development and motivation. In R. S. Begley (Eds.), Motivation and leadership at work (pp. 178-195). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. Lynch, D. E., & Yeigh, T. (2013). Developing a mentoring platform for successful engagement of preservice teachers wth their professional learning experence. In Teacher education in Australia: Investigation into Programming, Practicuum an Partnership (pp. 109-122). Autralia: Oxford Global Press. Education. (2015). Maanen, J. V., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. Staw (ed), Research in organizational behavior, Vol. 1 (pp. 209-264). Greenwich: CT: JAI Press. Mahmood, W. B. (2010). Sikap kakitangan terhadap perubahan organisasi. Buletin INTAN, Jilid 35, 25-30. Major, D. A., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Chao, G. T., & Gardner, P. D. (1995). A longitudinal investigation of newcomers expectations, early socialization outcomes and the moderating effects of role development factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 418-431. Mang, C. K. (2008). Kualiti guru permulaan keluaran sebuah Institut Perguruan: Satu tinjauan dari perspektif pentadbir sekolah. Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan, Jld.23, 49-67. Martin, T. N., Hafer, J. C. (1995). Turnover is linked to job involvement and organizational commitment. Telemarketing, 13, 106-111. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco,C.A: Jossey - Bass. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manual (3rd. ed.). Palo Alto. CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Maslyn, J., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2001). Leader Member Exchange and its dimnesion: Effects of self-effort and others's effect on relationship quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 697-708. Mat Zaini Abdullah, Rafisah Osman, & Fauziah, Md Jaafar. (2016). Model Motivasi Kerja Guru Berdasarkan Spesifikasi Tugas dan Pengalaman Psikologi. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 253-286. Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job Demands and Resources as antecedents of work engagement: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 149-171. May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 11-37. McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achievement society. Princenton, NJ: Von Nostrand. McGregor, D. (1960). Theory X and theory Y. Organization theory, 358, 374. Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. &. (Eds), Handbook of work and organizationa psychology, Vol. 2: Work psychology (pp. 5-33). Hove: Psychology Press. Merry, J. (2013). "Aon Hewittt's 2013 trends in global engagement: where do organizations need to focus attention? Strategis HR Review, 24-31. Miller, V. D., & Jablin, F. M. (1991). Information seeking during organizational seeking process: Influences, tactics, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 92-120. Miller, V. D. (1996). An Experimental study of newcomers information seeking behavior during organizational entry. Communication Studies, 1-24. Mo Wang, John Kammeyer-Mueller, Yihao Liu, & Yixuan Li. (2014). Context, socialization, and newcomer learning. Organizational Psychology Review, 1-23. Mohamed Sani Ibrahim, & Bity Salwana Alias. (2009). Reaksi guru terhadap penilaian presrasi. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 45-80. Mohammed Sani Ibrahim (2002). Pendidikan Guru yang Bersepadudan dinamik. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Profesion Perguruan. Bangi: Penerbitan Fakulti Pendidikan, UKM. Mohd Shaladdin Muda, & Nik Wan Omar. (2006). Model Peramal Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan di Komuniti Pesisir Trengganu. International Journal of Management Studies, 123-142. Mohd Majid Konting. (1990). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Morrison, E. (1993). Longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 173-183. Morrison, E. (1993a). Newcomer information seeking: Exploring types, modes, sources and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 557-589. Muhammad Jantan, Juhary Ali, & Lee Hock Chuan. (1997). Factors affecting employee retention in the manufacturing firms. Asian Academy of Management Conference. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia. Mukherjee, A., & Malhotra, N. (2006). Does role clarity explain employee-perceived service quality? A study of antecedents and consequences in call centres. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 17(5), 444-473. Myers, S. A. (1995). Exploring the Assimilation Stage of Graduate Teaching Assistant Socialization: A Preliminary Investigation. Annual Meeting of The Speech Communication Association. Ohio: Kent State University Nabeel, T., & Zafar, H. (2011). Teacher's Efficacy as Predictor of Self-Efficacy Among Students In Pakistan. International Association of Multi disciplinary Research Journal, 15. Nandal, V., & Krishnan, V. R. (2000). Charismatic Leadership and Self Efficacy : Importance of Role Clarity. Management & Labour Studies, 13. Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (1991). Social support and newcomer adjustment in organization: Attachement theory at work? Journal of Organizational Behavior,12, 543-554. Ng Lee Pheng. (2015). The moderating effects of job demand between job resources,work life enrichment, and core self evaluations on work engagement among acdemics in Malaysian public universities. Unpublished dissertation. Universiti Utara Malysia: Kedah. Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill. Norashimah Ismail, Jamaliah Abdul Hamid, Foo Say Fooi, Suhaida Abdul Kadir. (2009). Amalan Taktik Sosialisasi Pengetua Baru: Satu kajian kes di Pulau Pinang. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia,34(2), 93-109. Norasmah Osman, Zamri Mohamed, dan Mohamed Sani Ibrahim. (2006). Kesediaan Profesionalisme Guru Novis: Cadangan Model Latihan. Bangi: Penerbitan Fakulti Pendidikan, UKM. Nordin Abu Bakar. (1994). Cabaran Pendidikan guru: Falsafah dan strategi dalam pembentukan guru yang unggul. In R. A. Noor, Pendidikan guru: Cabaran, falsafah dan strategi dalam pembentukan guru yang unggul. Malaysia: Masa Enterprise. Noriati Abdul Rashid, Boon Pong Ying, Sharifah Fakhriah Syed Ahmad, & Zuraidah Abdul Majid. (2010). Guru Dan Cabaran Semasa. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp. 86-113, 190-255. Ooi Chew Hong, & Aziah Ismail. (2015). Sokongan pihak pengurusan sekolah terhadap tekanan kerja guru di sekolah kebangsaan dan sekolah jenis kebangsaan cina. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 42-57. Ostroff, C., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (1992). Organizational socialization as a learning process: the role of information acquisition. Personnel Psychology, 849-874. Pallant, J. F. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis with SPSS. New York, NY: McGrath Hill. Park, J., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Generation effects on work engagement among US hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4), 1195-1202. Parker, M. (2010). Mentoring Practices to Keep Teachers in School. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 111-124. Parker, S., & Collins, C. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviour. Journal of Management, 633-662. Parker, J., Osei-Himah,V., Asare, I., & Ackah, J. K., (2018). Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching Integrated Science in Teaching Integrated Science in Junior High Schools in Aowin Municipality-Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice, 65-68. Parsons, J., & Prick, W. (2008). Why Professors Hates Their Jobs: A Crique of the Pedagogy of Academics Disengagement. Study of Leadership and Ethics of UCES 13th. Annual Values of Leadership Conference (pp. 1-31). Canada: British Columbia. Perrot, S., Roussel, P., & Bauer, T.N. (2012). Organizational socialization tactics: Determining the relative impact of context, content, and social tactics. Revue de Gestion des Ressources Humaines, 23-37. Piggot-Irvine, E., Aitken, H., Ritchie, J., Ferguson, P. B., & McGrath, F. (2009). Induction of Newly Qualified Teachers in New Zealand. Asia Pasific Journal of Teacher Education, 175-198. Prasad, B. (2016). Factors affecting employee engagement for various generations of employees in Nepal Telecom Pt.Ltd. International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 107-112. Qiao Hu, Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2017). How are changes in exposure to job demands and job resources related to burnout and engagement? A longitudinal study among Chinese nurses and police officers. Stress and Health, 1-14. Quick, J.C. & Nelson, D. L. (1991). Social support and newcomer adjustment in organizations.Attachment theory at work ? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 543-554. Rahmah Murshidi, Mohd Majid Konting, Habibah Elias & Foo Say Fooi. 2006. Sense of efficacy among beginning teachers in Sarawak. Teaching Education 17(3): 265-275. Reichers, A. E. (1987). An interactionist perspectives on newcomer socialization rates. Academy of Management Review, 12, 278-287. Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: antecedents and effects. Academy of Management Journal, 617-635. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science quaterly, Vol. 15, pp 150-163 Rosli Yaacob. (2007). Sosialisasi Guru Permulaan di sekolah rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan, 135-147. Rosli Yaacob, & Wan Hasmah Wan Mamat (2006). Sosialisasi guru permulaan di sekolah rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan, 27 (1). pp. 135-147, Universiti Malaya Rusmini Ku Ahmad (2006). A study of relationship between leadership, teachers’ commitment, and teachers’ competency with school effectiveness (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok Malaysia Saks, A. M. (1994). Moderating effects of self efficacy for the relationship between training method an anxiety and stress reactions of newcomers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 639-654. Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology,21, 600-619. Saks, A. M. (2011). Getting newcomers engaged: the role of socialization tactics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 383-402. Saks, A. M. & Gruman, J. A. (2010). Organizational socialization and newcomer engagement. In S. E. Albrecht, Handbook of Employee Engagement : Prospectives, Issues, Research and practices (pp. 297-308). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997a). Organizational socialization: Making sense of past and present as a prologue for the future. Journal of Vocational Behavior,51, 234-279. Saks, A. M., Uggerslev, K. L., & Fassina, N .E. (2007). Socialization tactics and newcomer adjustment: A meta-anlytic review and test of a model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 413-446. Salanova, M. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behavior: A cross-national study. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 19, 226-231. Salanova, M., Bakker, A. B., & Llorens, S.(2006). Flow at work: Evidence for an upward spiral of personal and organizational resources. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(1), 1 - 22. Salanova, M., Lorente, L., Chambel, M., & Martinez, I. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses' extra-role performance: The mediting role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2256-2266. Salanova, M., Preiro, J. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2002). Self-efficacy specificity and burnout among information technology workers: An extension of the job demand-control model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1-25. Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiro, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217-1227. Sapora Sipon. (2007). The status and future challenges of schooll guidance and counselling services in Malaysia. Jurnal PERKAMA. Sapora Sipon. (2010). Stres Kerja Guru-Punca, Kesan dan Strategi Gaya Tindak. Prosiding Seminar Profesional Perguruan, (pp. 224-233). Sapora Sipon. (2007). Keberkesanan Kaunseling Kelompok pemusatan insan, rasional emotif tingkah laku dan psikologi ad-Din ke atas tahap tekanan, kepuasan kerja, strategi berdaya tindak dan sokongan sosial guru. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. UKM Sass, D. M., Seal, A. K., & Martin, N. K. (2011). Predicting teacher retention using stress and support variables. Journal of Educational Administration, 200-215. Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: Two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92 Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. In M. L. (Eds), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. New York: Psychology Press. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Rhenen, W. V. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 893-917. Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: On the differences between wirk engagement and workaholism. In R. Burke, Work hours and work addiction (pp. 193-252). North hampton, UK: Edward Elgar. Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Workaholism, burnout and engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 173 - 203. Schaufeli, W. (2012). Work engagement: What do we know and where do we go?. Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 3-10. Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). UWES-Utrecht Work Engagement Scale : Test Manual. Utrecht University: Department of Psychology. Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sampel study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315. Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implication for organizations. In D. S. S. W. Gilliland, Research in Social Issues in Mangement (Volume 5): Managing Social and Ethical Issues in Organization. Greenwich: CT: Information Age Publishers. Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I., Pinti, M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 33(5)2-20, 464-481. Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43, 495-513. Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Seers, A. (1989). 'Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118-135 Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416. Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54(4), 845-874. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist,55(1), 5-14. Settoon, R. P., & Adkins, C. L. (1997). Newcomer socialization: The role of supervisors, coworkers, friends and family members. Journal of Business and Psychology, 11, 112-124. Shuck, B., & Geio, T. G. (2014). Employee Engagement and Well Being: A Moderation Model and Implications for Practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 43-58. Shuck, B., & Wollard, K. (2011). Employee Engagement and HRD: A Seminal Review. Human Resources Development Review (9), 89-110. Shuck, B., Ghosh, R., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2012). The Jingle Jangle of Employee Engagement: Further Exploration of the emerging construct and implications for workplace learning and performance. Human Resources Development Review, 11-35. Sidek Mohd Noah. (2002). Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan: Falsafah, Teori dan Praktis. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia. Simosi, M. (2010). The role of social socialization tactics in the relationship between socialization content and newcomers’ affective commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 301-327. Sekaran, U. (2005). Research methods for business – a skill building approach (4th edition). John Wiley and Sons, New York. Siti Zohara Yassin. (2006). Proses Sosialisasi Organisasi Guru Sandaran Terlatih dalam melaksanakan peengajaran dan pembelajaran. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. UKM Siti Zohara Yassin. (2007). Kewujudan sistem sokongan membantu sosialisasi guru sandaran terlatih(GST) di sekolah. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Sabah: Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asyptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in Structural Equation Models. Sociological Methodology, 290. Sonnentag, S. (2008). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528. Spagnoli, P., Caetano, A., Tanucci, G., & Article, V. L. D. S (2012). Informationseeking behaviour implicit and explicit strategies during the organizational entry process Paola. The Journal of the Ibero American Academy of Management, 6-28. Sparrowe, R., & Liden, R. (1997). Process and structure in leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Review, 522-552. Srikanth, P. B., & Jomon, M. G. (2013). Role Ambiguty and Role Performance Effectiveness: Moderating The Effect of Feedback Seeking Behaviour. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 105-127. Staton, A.Q. & Hunt, S.L. (1992). Teacher socialization: Review and conceptualization. Communication Education, 14, 109-137. Staton, A. Q., & Hunt, S. L. (1992). Teacher Socialization: Review and Conceptualization. Communication Education, 109 - 137. Steers, R. M., & Black, J. (1994). Organisational behaviour. Steyn, G. M. (2004). Problems of and support for beginner educators. Africa Education Review, 81-94. Stoeber, J., & Damian, L. E. (2016). Perfectionism in Employees: Work Engagement, Workholism and Burnout. In Sirios, F. M. & Molnar, D. S., Perfectionism, health and well being (pp. 265-284). New York: Springer. Storm, K., & Rothmann, I. (2003). A psychometric analysis of the Utrecht work Engagement Scale in the South African police service. Journal of industrial Psychology, 29, 62-70. Sulea, C., Virga, D., Maricutoiu, L. P., Schaufeli, W. B., Dumitru, C. Z., & Sara, F. A. (2012). Work engagement as mediator between job characteristics and positive and negative extra role behavior. Career Development International, 188-207. Sundaray, B. K. (2011). Employee engagement: A driver of organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(8), 53-59. Syed Azizi Wafa, & Tan Kim Sek. (1997). Factors contributing to organizational socialization. Asian Academy of Management Conference. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia. Syed Ismail Mustapa, & Ahmad Subki Miskon. (2010). Guru dan Cabaran Semasa. Puchong: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn Bhd. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson International Edition. Takeuchi, N., Takeuchi, T., & Takeuchi, T. (2007). Workplace interpersonal factors affecting newcomers socialization. In Proceeding of the International Conference on Applied Business Research (ICABR). pp 21-25. Taormina, R.J. (1997), “Organizational socialization: a multi-domain, continuous process model”, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 29-47. Torrente, P., Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Teams make it work: How team work engagement mediates between social resources and performance in teams. Psicothema, 106-112. Tuttle, M. (2002). Integrating an Interactionist Perspectives into the Theory of Organizational Socialization. In Academy of Human resources Development (AHRD) Conference Proceedings. Honolulu, Hawaii. Uzoamaka, P. A & Greenhaus, H. J. (1999). Effective socialization of employees: socialization content perspective. Journal of Managerial Issues, 11(3), 315-329. UNESCO. (2000). Dakar Framework For Action, Education For All: Meetings our collective commitments. France: UNESCO. Varma, S., Kaura, V., & Mathur, D. R. (2013). Employee Engagement, Job satisfaction and Customer satisfaction : A Linkage. Tenth AIMS International Conference on Managemant, (pp. 1360-1365). India. Veenman, S. (1984). Perceived Problem of Beginning Teachers. Review of Education Research, 143 - 178. Wall, N. D., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). Social Acceptance and Rejection: The Sweet and the Bitter. Current Directions in Psychological, 256-260. Wanberg, C. R. & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of Applied Psychology,85, 373-385. Wang, M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J., Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2015). Context, socialization, and newcomer learning. Organizational Psychology Review, 5(1), 3-25. Wanous, J. (1992). Organizational Entry: Recruitment, Selection and Socialization of Newcomers (2nd Edition). Reading MA: Addison-Wesley. Warr, P., & Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job Engagement, job satisfaction and contrasting Associations with Person-Job Fit. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1-22. Wesson, M. J. & Gogus, C. I. (2005). Shaking hands with a computer: An examination of two methods of organizational newcomer orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1018-1026. Wilkinson, C., Pennington, T. R., Whiting, E., Newberry, M., Feinauer, E., Losser, J., Haslem, L., & Hall, A. (2014). Triad relationship and member satisfaction with paired placement of student teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 160-184. Wright, T. (2003). Positive Organizational behavior: An idea whose time has truly come. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 437-442. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 121 - 141. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Heuven. E., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight engagagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 345-356. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Kantas, A. (2007). The measurement of burnout and engagement. A cross-cultural study comparing Greece and The Netherlands. New Review of Social Pschology.40-52 Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.74 (3), 235-244. Xu Jessica., & Thomas, H. C. (2011). How can leaders achieve high employee engagement? Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 399-416. Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (1990). Guru dan Perguruan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Yahya Don, & Yaakob Daud. (2011). Kompetensi emosi dan kepimpinan transformasional di sekolah berkesan dan sekolah kurang berkesan. Malaysian Journal of Learning ang Instruction, Vol. 8, 151-181. Yang Jixia., Gong Yaping., & Huo Yuanyuan. (2011). Proactive personality. social capital, helping and turnover intentions . Journal of Managerial Psychology, 739-760. Ye He, & Cooper, J. (2011). Struggles and Strategies: Voices of 5 Novice Secondary Teacher. Teacher Education Quartery, 97-116. Yi-Wen Zhang., & Yi-Qun Can. (2005). The Chinese Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: An examination of reliability and validity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13, 268-270. Yong Shee Mun, Mohamad Nadzli Suhaimi, Shahida Shafikah Abdullah, Shahrar Abdul Rahman, & Nik Kamarul Nik Mat. (2013). Employee Engagement: A Study from the Private Sector in Malaysia. Human Resources Management Research, 43-48. Yun, S., Takeuchi, R., & Liu, W. (2007). Employee self-enhancement motives and job performances behaviors: Investigating the moderating effects of employee role ambiguity and managerial perceptions of employee commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 745 - 756. Yusni Zaini Yusof, Rosna Awang Hashim, & Tengku Faekah Tengku Ariffin. (2015). Pemodelan Hubungan antara Kesejahteraan Hidup, Keserakanan dan kesejahteraan di tempat kerja dengan Efikasi Guru Secara Kolektif. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 177-204. Yusof Boon, & Tumirah Jemon. (2011). Pelaksanaan Program Induksi Guru Permulaan di Sekolah Kebangsaan Zon Skudai. Journal of Educational Management, 70-88. Zaini, H. (2004). Kerjaya dan organisasi. Kuala Lumpur: Insititut tadbiran Awam Negara. Zurida Johari, Khalid Ismail, Shuki Osman, Ahmad Tajuddin Othman,. (2009). Pengaruh Jenis Latihan Guru dan Pengalaman Mengajar Terhadap Efikasi Guru Sekolah Menengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 3-14.

相似書籍