Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students

An important aspect needed for promoting entrepreneurship is the encouragement of individuals by endowing them with the required skills and knowledge for recognizing the opportunities and turning these opportunities into successful ventures. Entrepreneurial opportunities recognition is considered as...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z.
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2018
Subjects:	HB615-715 Entrepreneurship Risk and uncertainty Property
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/1/s900294_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/2/s900294_02.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.8012
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Hashim, Norashidah
topic	HB615-715 Entrepreneurship Risk and uncertainty Property
spellingShingle	HB615-715 Entrepreneurship Risk and uncertainty Property Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z. Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
description	An important aspect needed for promoting entrepreneurship is the encouragement of individuals by endowing them with the required skills and knowledge for recognizing the opportunities and turning these opportunities into successful ventures. Entrepreneurial opportunities recognition is considered as a specific human capital that can be learned through entrepreneurship education which has an effect on entrepreneurial career option. Based on the insights of the dynamic view of the human capital theory this study investigated the mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR) on the relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) in terms of (Know-what, Know-why, Know-who and Know-how) and entrepreneurial career options (ECO) among Palestinian undergraduate students from business program. Furthermore, there are 4199 students in 13 Palestinian universities, and this comprised the study population. Data of the study was collected from final year students across six universities in Palestine during the 2016/2017 academic session using structured survey questionnaires. The study used the structural equation modelling Smart-PLS (3.0) to test the data obtained from a sample of 291 respondents, and to analyze the hypotheses. The findings revealed a significant positive association between EE, Know-why, Know-who, Know-how and the students' entrepreneurial career options. However, the study found no significant association between Know-what and the students' entrepreneurial career options. In addition, the study established that EOR significantly mediate the association between EE and the students' entrepreneurial career options. On the contrary, the study revealed that entrepreneurial opportunity recognition does not have a significant mediating effect on the association between know-what and ECO. The findings of the study provide important insights to academic institutions, educators and policy-makers to further comprehend the influences of EE, Know-why, Know-who, Know-how and EOR on students' entrepreneurial career options. The study recommended, that policy-makers should create an entrepreneurship education program that encourages students' entrepreneurial career options. Finally, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Ph.D.
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z.
author_facet	Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z.
author_sort	Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z.
title	Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
title_short	Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
title_full	Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
title_fullStr	Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students
title_sort	relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among palestinian undergraduate students
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate	2018
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/1/s900294_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/2/s900294_02.pdf
_version_	1747828306494881792
spelling	my-uum-etd.80122021-08-09T03:13:09Z Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students 2018 Abuzuhri, Nidal Mohammed Z. Hashim, Norashidah Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HB615-715 Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property An important aspect needed for promoting entrepreneurship is the encouragement of individuals by endowing them with the required skills and knowledge for recognizing the opportunities and turning these opportunities into successful ventures. Entrepreneurial opportunities recognition is considered as a specific human capital that can be learned through entrepreneurship education which has an effect on entrepreneurial career option. Based on the insights of the dynamic view of the human capital theory this study investigated the mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR) on the relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) in terms of (Know-what, Know-why, Know-who and Know-how) and entrepreneurial career options (ECO) among Palestinian undergraduate students from business program. Furthermore, there are 4199 students in 13 Palestinian universities, and this comprised the study population. Data of the study was collected from final year students across six universities in Palestine during the 2016/2017 academic session using structured survey questionnaires. The study used the structural equation modelling Smart-PLS (3.0) to test the data obtained from a sample of 291 respondents, and to analyze the hypotheses. The findings revealed a significant positive association between EE, Know-why, Know-who, Know-how and the students' entrepreneurial career options. However, the study found no significant association between Know-what and the students' entrepreneurial career options. In addition, the study established that EOR significantly mediate the association between EE and the students' entrepreneurial career options. On the contrary, the study revealed that entrepreneurial opportunity recognition does not have a significant mediating effect on the association between know-what and ECO. The findings of the study provide important insights to academic institutions, educators and policy-makers to further comprehend the influences of EE, Know-why, Know-who, Know-how and EOR on students' entrepreneurial career options. The study recommended, that policy-makers should create an entrepreneurship education program that encourages students' entrepreneurial career options. Finally, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/1/s900294_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/8012/2/s900294_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdulai, A. (2015). Entrepreneurship education and its impact on selfemployment intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 57-63. Abebe, M. A. (2012). Social and institutional predictors of entrepreneurial career intention: evidence from Hispanic adults in the US. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 20(01), 1-23. Ackerman, P. L., & Humphreys, L. G. (1990). Individual differences theory in industrial and organizational psychology. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 1, 223-282. Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., & Autio, E. (2016). Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2015: Springer. Acs, Z. J., & Varga, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, agglomeration and technological change. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 323-334. Aderemi, H., Ilori, M., Siyanbola, W., Adegbite, S., & Abereijo, I. (2009). An Assessment of the Choice and Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Technological and Non-technological Enterprises in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 5(1), 25. Ahmad, S. Z., Xavier, S. R., & Rahim Abu Bakar, A. (2014). Examining entrepreneurial intention through cognitive approach using Malaysia GEM data. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(3), 449-464. Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Ahmad, Z., Shaukat, M. Z., Usman, A., Rehman, W.-u., & Ahmed, N. (2010). Determinants of students' entrepreneurial career intentions: Evidence from business graduates. European journal of social sciences, 15(2), 14-22. Ajzen. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior Action control (pp. 11-39): Springer. Ajzen. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211. Ajzen, & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Al-Wadi, M. (2005). Small-Scale Business Challenges, with Special Reference to their Role in the Development of Jordan. Arab Management Journal, 25(1), 1-43. Albert, P ., Fournier, R., & Marion, S. (1991). Developing entrepreneurial attitudes and management competence among scientists: the Groupe ESC Lyon's experience. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 3(4), 349-362. Alcalde, L., F, D. M.-M., & Rodriguez, R. G. (2002). Characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs in Germany. Paper presented at the 42nd ERSA Conference, Dortmund. Altinay, L., Madanoglu, M., Daniele, R., & Lashley, C. (2012). The influence of family tradition and psychological traits on entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 489-499. Ammal, A , & Mathi, K. M. (2014). attitudes of Undergraduate Students towards Entrepreneurship as a career choice in Oman. Journal of international academic research for multidisciplinary, 2(6). Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 411. Antoncic, B. (2006). Impacts of diversification and coiporate entrepreneurship strategy making on growth and profitability: A normative model. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 14(01), 49-63. Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123. Ardic hvili, A., & Cardozo, R. N. (2000). A model of the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(02), 103-119. Arend, R. J. (2014). Promises, premises... An alternative view on the effects of the Shane and Venkataraman 2000 AMR Note. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(1), 38-50. Arenius, P., & Minniti, M. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247. Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of marketing research, 396-402. Audet, J. (2004). A longitudinal study of the entreprenetuial intentions of university students. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 10 No. 1, pp. 3-16. Audretsch, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship research. Management Decision, 50(5), 755-764. Austin, M. J., & Nauta, M. M. (2016). Entrepreneurial role-model exposure, selfefficacy, and women's entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of career development, 43(3), 260-272. Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M., & Ulfstedt, T. (1997). Entrepreneurial intent among students: testing an intent model in Asia, Scandinavia and USA. Aziz, N., Friedman, B., & Sayfullin, S. (2012). Motives and perceived problems of students as aspiring entrepreneurs: Differences across the Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and the United States. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(13). Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 38(2), 217-254. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian journal of social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child development, 72(1), 187-206. Bandura, A, & Walters, R.H. (1977). Social learning theory. Bank, W. (2013). Framing the global landscape of entrepreneurship education and training programs. In R. N. 78983 (Ed.): World Bank Bank, W. (2016). Doing Business, Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency. Washington: World Bank Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The Partial Least Squares (pis) Approach to Casual Modeling: Personal Computer Adoption Ans Use as an Illustration. Baron. (2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs "connect the dots" to identify new business opportunities. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 104-119. Baron, & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. Baron, & Markman, G. D. (2003). Beyond social capital: The role of entrepreneurs' social competence in their financial success. Journal of business Venturing, 18(1), 41-60. Baron, & Tang, J. (2008). Entrepreneurs϶ Social Skills and New Venture Performance: Mediating Mechanisms and Cultural Generality. Journal of Management. Baron, R. A. (2012). Entrepreneurship: An evidence-based guide: Edward Elgar Publishing. Baumol, W. J. (2004). Entrepreneurial cultures and countercultures. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 316-326. Bechard, J.-P., & Toulouse, J.-M. (1998). Validation of a didactic model for the analysis of training objectives in entrepreneurship. Journal of business Venturing, 13(4), 317-332. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education: University of Chicago press. Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education: University of Chicago press. Berg, N. (2002). Non-response bias. University of Texas at Dallas. Bernhofer, L. B., & Li, J. (2014). Understanding the entrepreneurial intention of Chinese students: The preliminary findings of the China Project of. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 6(1), 21-37. Bernstein, l. H., & Nunnally, J. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGrawHill. Oliva, TA, Oliver, RL, & MacMillan, IC (1992). A catastrophe model for developing service satisfaction strategies. Journal of Marketing, 56, 83-95. Beynon, M., Jones, P., Packham, G., & Pickernell, D. (2014). Investigating the motivation for enterprise education: a CaRBS based exposition. International Journal 4 Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 20(6), 584-612. Bhagavatula, S., Elfring, T., Van Tilburg, A., & Van De Bunt, G. G. (2010). How social and human capital influence opportunity recognition and resource mobilization in India's handloom industry. Journal of business Venturing, 25(3), 245-260. Bignotti, A. (2013). Factors Relating to Entrepreneurial Career Choice of Secondary School Students. University of Pretoria. Bilge, H., & BAL, V. (2012). Entrepreneurship aptitude: An empirical study on undergraduate and vocational high school students in Celal Bayar University. Journal of Siileyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences Year, 2(16). Birch, D. L. (1989). Change, innovation, and job generation. Journal of Labor Research. 10(1), 33-38. Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of management review, 13(3), 442-453. Bird, B. (1989). Entrepreneurial behavior. Glenview, ILL: Scott, Foresman and Company; Starr, JA, & Fondas, N., A model of entrepreneurial socialization. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 17(1), 67-76. Block, J. H., Hoogerheide, L., & Tburik, R. (2011). Education and entrepreneurial choice: An instrumental variables analysis. International Small Business Journal, 0266242611400470. Block, J. H., Hoogerheide, L., & Thurik, R. (2013). Education and entrepreneurial choice: An instrumental variables analysis. International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 23-33. Bosma, N., & Harding, R. (2007). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2006 Summary Report. London, UK: London Business School & Babson College. Bosma N., Wennekers, S., & Amoros, J.E. (2012). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Extended Report 2011: Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurial Employees Across the Globe: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18, 63-63. Brana, S. (2008). Microcredit in France: Does gender matter. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Conference-Nice. Brice Jr, J., & Nelson, M. (2008). The impact of occupational preferences on the intent to pursue an entrepreneurial career. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 14(112), 13. Bridgstock, R. (2005). Australian artists, starving and well-nourished: what can we learn from the prototypical protean career? Australian Journal of Career Development, 14(3), 40-47. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Hatt, M. M. (2001). From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 64-78. Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press. 4th edition. Buttar, H. M. (2015). Formation of entrepreneurial career intentions: the role of sociocognitive factors. Journal of Employment Counseling, 52(1), 2-17. Byabashaija, W., & Katono, I. (2011). The impact of college entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention to start a business in Uganda. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(01), 127-144. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS; Basic Concepts, Application and Programming (2nd edition). . New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. Callaghan, W., Wilson, B., Ringle, C. M., & Henseler, J. (2007). Exploring causal path directionality for a marketing model using Cohen's path method. Camelo-Ordaz, C., Diánez-González, J.P., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2016). The influence of gender on entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of perceptual factors. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. Campbell, J. R., & De Nardi, M. (2009). A conversation with 590 nascent entrepreneurs. Annals of Finance, 5(3-4), 313-340. Cappellen, T., & Janssens, M. (2008). Global managers' career competencies. Career Development International, 13(6), 514-537. Carland, J.C., & Carland, J. W. (2010). Entrepreneurship education: building for the future. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 22(2), 40. Carrier, C. (2007). Strategies for teaching entrepreneurship: What else beyond lectures, case studies and business plans. Handbook of research in entrepreneurship education, 1, 143-159. Carsrud, A., & Brann back, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 9-26. Cassell. C., & Fillis, I. (2006). A biographical approach to researching entrepreneurship in the smaller firm. Management Decision, 44(2), 198-212. Cavana, R. Y., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods: John Wiley & Sons Australia. Cepeda, N. J ., Pashler, H., Yul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological bulletin, 132(3), 354. Chang, Liu, J. Y., & Huang. (2013). A study of the relationship between entrepreneurship courses and opportunity identification: An empirical survey. Asia Pacific Management Review. Chang, J., & Rieple, A. (20 13). Assessing students' entrepreneurial skills development in live projects. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 20(1), 225-241. Charney, A., & Libecap, G.D. (2000). The impact of entrepreneurship education: an evaluation of the Berger Entrepreneurship Program at the University of Arizona, 1985-1999. Available at SSRN 1262343. Charney, A. H., & Libecap, G. D. (2003). The contribution of entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the Berger program. International journal of entrepreneurship education, 1(3), 385-418. Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G ., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of business Venturing, 13(4), 295-316. Chernick, M. (2008). Bootstrap methods: A guide for practitioners and researchers, John Wilery & Sons. Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to stuctural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336. Chu, H. M., Benzing, C., & McGee, C. (2007). Ghanaian and Kenyan entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis of their motivations, success characteristics and problems. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(03), 295-322. Chun-Mei, C., Chien-Hua, S., & HSIAO, H.-C. (2011). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Learning Behavior-Using Entrepreneurial Intention as the Mediator Variable. International Business and Management, 3(2), 7-11. Churchill Jr., G. A., & Iacobucci, D. (2004). Marketing Research Methodological Foundations. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Clark, B. W., Davis, C. H., & Hamish, V. C. (1984). Do courses in entrepreneurship aid in new venture creation? Journal of Small Business Management (pre-1986), 22(000002), 26. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Hilsdale. NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 2. Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human performance, 17(1), 95-117. Commission, E. (2006). Entrepreneurship education m Europe: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning: European Commission. COMMISSION, E. (2015). Entrepreneurship Education: A Road to Success. A Compilation of Evidence on the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Strategies and Measures. Luxembourg: Office of the European Union. Commission, E. (March 2012). Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education. Biussels: European Commission. Communities, C. o. t. E. (2006). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Fostering entrepreneurial mindsets through education and learning.. Contín-Pilatt, I., & Larraza-Kintana, M. (2015). Do entrepreneurial role models influence the nascent entrepreneurial activity of immigrants? Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1146-1163. Cooper, J., & Schindler, M. (2008). Perfect Sample Size in Research: Macmillan. New Jersey. Cope, J. (2003). Entrepreneurial learning and critical reflection discontinuous events as triggers for 'higher-level'learning. Management learning, 34(4), 429-450. Corbett, A. C. (2005). Experiential learning within the process of opportunity identification and exploitation. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), 473-491. Corbett, A. C. (2007). Learning asymmetries and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of business Venturing, 22(1), 97-118. Corner, P. D., & Ho, M. (2010). How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(4), 635-659. Costa, S. F., Caetano, A., & Santos, S. C. (2016). Entrepreneurship as a Career Option: Do Temporary Workers Have the Competencies, Intention and Willingness to Become Entrepreneurs? Journal of Entrepreneurship, 25(2), 129-154. Creswell, J. W. (2013a). Qualitative inquity and research design: Choosing among five approaches: Sage. Creswell, J. W. (2013b). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications. Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research, 209-240. Dahalan, N., Jaafar, M., & Rosdi, S. A. M. (2015). Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention Among Rural Community: the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition. Paper presented at the SHS Web of Conferences. Damaraju, N. L., Barney, J., & Dess, G. (2010). Stigma and entrepreneurial risk taking. Paper presented at the summer conference of Opening up Innovation: Strategy, Organization and Technology, London, UK. Davidsson, P. (1995). Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 7(1), 41-62. Davidsson, P. (2004). Researching Entrepreneurship. Boston, MA: : Springer. Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of business Venturing, 18(3), 301-331. De Carolis, D. M., Litzky, B. E., & Eddleston, K. A. (2009). Why networks enhance the progress of new venture creation: The influence of social capital and cognition. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(2), 527-545. De Carolis, D. M., & Saparito, P. (2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: A theoretical framework. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(1), 41-56. De Clercq, D., Honig, B., & Martin, B. (2013). The roles of learning orientation and passion for work in the formation of entrepreneurial intention. International Small Business Journal, 31(6), 652-676. Deci, E. L. (1972). Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 22(1), 113. Decker, W. H., Calo, T. J., & Weer, C. H. (2012). Affiliation motivation and interest in entrepreneurial careers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(3), 302-320. DeFillippi, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1994). The boundaryless career: A competency-based perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 307-324. Delmar, F., & Davidsson, P. (2000). Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12(1), 1-23. Detienne, D. R., & Chandler, G. N. (2004). Opportunity identification and its role in the entrepreneurial classroom: A pedagogical approach and empirical test. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 242-257. Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263-282. Dimov, D. (2007a). Beyond the single-person, single-insight attribution in understanding entrepreneurial opportunities. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(5), 713-731. Dimov, D. (2007b). From opportunity insight to opportunity intention: The importance of person-situation learning match. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(4), 561-583. Dohse, D., & Walter, S. G. (2012). Knowledge context and entrepreneurial intentions among students. Small Business Economics, 39(4), 877-895. Donckels, R. (1991). Education and entrepreneurship experiences from secondary and university education in Belgium. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 35-42. Douglas, E. J ., & Fitzsimmons, J. R. (2008). Individual Intentions Towards Entrepreneurship vs Intrapreneurship. Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(3), 81-90. Drennan, J., Kennedy, J., & Renfrow, P. (2005). Impact of childhood experiences on the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6(4), 231-238. Drncker, P. F. (1985). Entrepreneurial strategies, innovation and entrepreneurship practice and principles: Harper & Row, New York. Duarte, P. A. O., & Raposo, M. L. B. (2010). A PLS model to study brand preference: An application to the mobile phone market Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 449-485): Springer. Dutta, D. K., Li, J., & Merenda, M. (2011). Fostering entrepreneurship: impact of specialization and diversity in education. International entrepreneurship and management journal. 7(2), 163-179. Dyer Jr, W. G. (1994). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 7-22. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109-132. Eckhardt, J. T., & Shane, S. A. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349. Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. S., & Brush, C. G. (2008). Entrepreneurship education: Correspondence between practices of nascent entrepreneurs and textbook presciptions for success. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(1), 56-70. Ekpoh, U. I., & Edet, A. O. (2011). Entrepreneurship education and career intentions of tertiary education students in Akwalbom and Cross River States, Nigeria. International Education Studies, 4(1), 172. Elfarra, P. D. M. M. (2015). Entrepreneurship Development In The Gaza Strip. Islamic University- Faculty of Commerce. Gaza - Palestine Elfving, J., Brannback, M., & Carsrud, A. (2009). Toward a contextual model of entrepreneurial intentions Understanding the entrepreneurial mind (pp. 23-33): Springer. Ellen, A. D. (2010). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Finland: implications for education. Advances in Management, 3(7), 28-35. Elliott, A. C., & Woodward, W. A. (2007). Statistical analysis quick reference guidebook: With SPSS examples: Sage. Engle, R. L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J. V., Schlaegel, C., Delanoe, S., Alvarado, I., ... Wolff, B. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen's model of planned behavior. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(1), 35-57. Esfandabadi, H. M., Farsi, J. Y., Mobaraki, M. H., & Esfandabadi, A. R. M. (2016). The Effect of Social Capital on Opportunity Recognition in Entrepreneurs as Mediated by the Social Network: A Case of Managers in the Science and Technology Park of the University of Tehran. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2016. Ethugala, C. V. (2011). Expectations of the Private and Civil Stakeholders Responsiveness of the State Sector: Tea Industry of Sri Lanka. Journal of APBITM. 1(1), 13-19. Falck, Heblich, S., & Luedemann, E. (2012). Identity and entrepreneurship: do school peers shape entrepreneurial intentions? Small Business Economics, 39(1), 39-59. Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling: University of Akron Press. Farrington, S., Gray, B., & Sharp, G. (2011). Perceptions of an entrepreneurial career: Do small business owners and university students concur? Management Dynamics, 20(2), 2. Fatima, S., Iqbal, Rehman, F., & Ali, M. (2011). A study of factors affecting opportunity recognition process - Case study of Pakistan an opportunity recognition process framework. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(8). 1106-1124. Fatoki, O. O. (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 87. Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2005). Using the theory of planned behaviour to assess entrepreneurship teaching programmes. Center for Research in Change, Innovation and Strategy of Louvain School of Management, Working Paper, 5, 2005. Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2008). From craft to science: Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education. Journal of European industrial training, 32(7), 569-593. Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2009). Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Training: Predispositions and Impact on the Intention to Go into Business. M@ n@ gement, 12(3), 176-203. Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93. Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006a). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European industrial training, 30(9), 701-720. Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006b). Effect and counter-effect of entrepreneurship education and social context on student's intentions. £studios de economia aplicada, 24(2), 509-524. Fayolle, A., & K.landt, H. (2006). International entrepreneurship education: Issues and newness: Edward Elgar Publishing. Feldman, D. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2000). Career patterns of the self-employed: Career motivations and career outcomes. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), 53. Fenton, M., & Barry, A. (2014). Breathing space-graduate entrepreneurs' perspectives of entrepreneurship education in higher education. Education + Training, 56(8/9), 733-744. FERNANDES, V. (2012). (Re) discovering the PLS approach in management science. M@n@gement. 15(1). Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd Ed.). London Sage publications. Fiet, J. O. (1996). The informational basis of entrepreneurial discovery. Small Business Economics, 8(6), 419-430. Fiet, J. O. (2001a). The pedagogical side of entrepreneurship theory. Journal of business Venturing, 16(2), 101-117. Fiet, J. O. (2001b). The theoretical side of teaching entrepreneurship. Journal of business Venturing, 16(1), 1-24. Fiet, J. O. (2002). The systematic search for entrepreneurial discoveries; ABC-CLIO. Fitzsimmons, J. R., & Douglas, E. J. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440. Flury, B., & Riedwyl, H. (1988). Multivariate Statistics: A Practical Approach. London Chapman and Hall/CRC. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 382-388. Foundation, E. T. (2014). Labour market and employment policies in Palestine: European Training Foundation Franco, M., Haase, H., & Lautenschlager, A. (2010). Students' entrepreneurial intentions: an inter-regional comparison. Education + Training, 52(4), 260-275. Frank, H., Korunka, C., Lueger, M., & MugJer, J. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and education in Austrian secondary schools: Status quo and recommendations. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 12(2), 259-273. Frese, M., Krauss, S. I., Keith, N., Escher, S., Grabark.iewicz, R., Luneng, S. T., ...Friedrich, C. (2007). Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries. Journal of Applied Psychology. 92(6), 1481. Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14-38. Gaglio, & Katz. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16(2), 95-111. Gaglio, C. M. (1997). Opportunity identification. Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth, 3, 139-202. Gaglio, C. M., & Katz, J. A. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16(2), 95-111. Galloway, L., & Brown, W. (2002). Entrepreneurship education at university: a driver in the creation of high growth firms? Education+ Training, 44(819), 398-405. Garg. A., Matshediso, I., & Garg, D. (2011). An individual"s motivation to become entrepreneur: evidences from a mineral based economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 12(1), 109-127. Gartner, W. B. (1989). Some suggestions for research on entreprenemial traits and characteristics. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 14(1), 27-37. Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2011). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications: Pearson Higher Ed. Gayle Baugh, S., Sullivan, S. E., & Molloy, J. C. (2005). Development networks: Literature review and future research. Career Development International, 10(6/7), 536-547. Geissler. M., & Zanger, C. (2010). Factors on the perception of entrepreneurial opportunities and their influence on entrepreneurial intention-an empirical study. Paper presented at the ICSB World Conference Proceedings. GEM. (2012). Palestine Country Report. Ramallah - Palestine The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. George, N. M., Parida, V., Lahti, T., & Wincent, J. (2016). A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: insights on influencing factors. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 12(2), 309-350. Giacomin, O., Janssen, F., Pruett, M., Shinnar, R. S., Llopis, F., & Toney, B. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions, motivations and barriers: Differences among American, Asian and European students. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 7(2), 219-238. Gibb, A (2010). Towards the entrepreneurial university: entrepreneurship education as a lever for change. National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship Policy Paper# 003. Unpublished document. Gibcus, P., de Kok, J., Snijders, J., Smit, .J., & van der Linden, B. (2012). Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education: EIM Business & Policy Research/European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry.. Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., Graf, J. M., & Kampschulte, A. (2012). Creativity in the opportunity identification process and the moderating effect of diversity of information. Journal of business Venturing, 27(5), 559-576. Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., Kahara-Kawuki, A., Katono, I. W., Kyejjusa, S., Ngoma, M., ... Orobia, L. (2015). Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: Evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(1), 69-94. Gird, A., & Bagraim, J. J. (2008). The theory of planned behaviour as predictor of entrepreneurial intent amongst final-year university students. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(4), 711-724. Godsey, M. L., & Sebora, T. C. (2011). Entrepreneur role models and high school entrepreneurship career choice: Results of a field experiment. Small Business Institute® Journal, 5(1). Gonnan, G., Hanlon, D., & King, W. (1997). Some research perspectives on entrepreneurship education, enterprise education and education for small business management: a ten-year literature review. International Srnall Business Journal, 15(3), 56-77. Gorondutse, A. H., & Hilman, H. (2013). An Examination of Business Social Responsibility (BSR) On the Local Environment: A Proposed Framework on the Relationship between BSR and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Performance. Information Management and Business Review, 5(2), 66. Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation, & Skills. (2015). Entrepreneurship skills: literature and policy review. Green, E., & Tull, D. Albaum, (1988). Research for marketing decisions. Gregoire, D. A., Shepherd, D. A., & Lambert, L. S. (2010). Measuring opportunity-recognition beliefs illustrating and validating an experimental approach. Organizational Research Methods, 13(1), 114-145. Groenewald, J., Co, J., Mitchell, B., Nayager, T., Van Zyl, J., Visser, K., . . . Emanuel, B. (2006). Entrepreneurship: Fresh perspectives. Pretoria: Prentice Hall. Grozdanić, R. (2008). Female Entrepreneurship in Serbia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Challenges of Economic Sciences in the 21st Century. Gupta, V. K., & Bhawe, N. M. (2007). The influence of proactive personality and stereotype threat on women's entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(4), 73-85. Haase, H., & LautenschlaGer, A. (2011). Career choice motivations of university students. International Journal of Business Administration, 2(1), 2. Hair, Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. . Hair, Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Hair, Wolfinbarger, M. F., Ortinau, D. J., & Bush, R. P. (2008). Essentials of marketing research: McGraw-Hill/Higher Education. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: SAGE Publications. Hajizadeh, A., & Zali, M. (2016). Prior knowledge, cognitive characteristics and opportunity recognition. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(1), 63-83. Hanapi, Z., & Nordin, M. S. (2014). Unemployment among Malaysia graduates: Graduates’ attributes, lecturers’ competency and quality of education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 1056-1063. Hannon , P. (2007). Enterprise for all? The fragility of enterprise provision across England's HEIs. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 14(2), 183-210. Hannon, P. D. (2005). Philosophies of enterprise and entrepreneurship education and challenges for higher education in the UK. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6(2), 105-114. Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 4(1), 28-50. Hansen, D. J., Lumpkin, G., & Hills, G. E. (2011). A multidimensional examination of a creativity-based opportunity recognition model. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(5), 515-533. Hattab, H. W. (2014). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Egypt. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 1-18. Hayek, F. A. (1945). The use of knowledge in society. The American Economic Review, 35(4), 519-530. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication monographs, 76(4), 408-420. Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate behavioral research, 45(4), 627-660. Haynie, J. M., Shepherd, D. A., & McMullen, J. S. (2009). An opportunity for me? The role of resources in opportunity evaluation decisions. Journal of Management studies, 46(3), 337-361. Helm, S., Eggert, A., & Garnefeld, I. (2010). Modeling the impact of corporate reputation on customer satisfaction and loyalty using partial least squares. Handbook of partial least squares, 515-534. Henderson, R., & Robertson, M. (1999). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adult attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career. Education+ Training, 41(5), 236-245. Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005a). Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part I. Education+ Training, 47(2), 98-111. Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005b). Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part II. Education+ Training, 47(3), 158-169. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319): Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 1-16. Herath, H. (2014). Conceptualizing the role of opportunity recognition in entrepreneurial career success. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology, 1(3). Herman, E., & Stefanescu, D. (2017). Can higher education stimulate entrepreneurial intentions among engineering and business students? Educational Studies, 43(3), 312-327. Higgins, D., Smith, K., & Mirza, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial education: Reflexive approaches to entrepreneurial learning in practice. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(2), 135-160. Hills, G. E. (1988). Variations in university entrepreneurship education: An empirical study of an evolving field. Journal of business Venturing, 3(2), 109-122. Hills, G. E. (1995). Opportunity recognition by successful entrepreneurs: A pilot study. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 15, 105-117. Hirschi, A. (2013). Career decision making, stability, and actualization of career intentions: the case of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Career Assessment, 1069072712475287. Hirschi, A., & Fischer, S. (2013). Work values as predictors of entrepreneurial career intentions. Career Development International, 18(3), 216-231. Hisrisch, R., & Peters, M. (1989). Entrepreneurship. Starting, Developing and Managing a New Enterprise. Homewood, IL: Irwin In: Davidsson, P.(2004). Researching Entrepreneurship: Springer, Boston. Histrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2010). Entrepreneurship (8th Edition ed. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hnátek, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial Thinking as a Key Factor of Family Business Success. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 342-348. Hofer, A.-R., Potter, J., Fayolle, A., Gulbrandsen, M., Hannon, P., Harding, R., . . . Phan, P. H. (2010). From strategy to practice in university entrepreneurship support. Hofer, A. R., & Potter., J. (2012). University Entrepreneurship Support: Policy Issues, Good Practices and Recommendations (O. L. E. a. E. D. (LEED), Trans.). Holland, D. V., & Garrett, R. (2013). Entrepreneurs’ start-up versus persistence decisions: A critical evaluation of expectancy and value. International Small Business Journal, 0266242613480375. Holmgren, C., From, J., Olofsson, A., & Karlsson, H. (2005). Entrepreneurship education: Salvation or damnation? Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 8, 7. Honig, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 258-273. Hood, J. N., & Young, J. E. (1993). Entrepreneurship's requisite areas of development: A survey of top executives in successful entrepreneurial firms. Journal of business Venturing, 8(2), 115-135. Hou, S.-T. (2008). Antecedents and consequence of entrepreneurial alertness in franchise chain. Paper presented at the Management of Innovation and Technology, 2008. ICMIT 2008. 4th IEEE International Conference on. Hunt, J. M. (1965). Intrinsic motivation and its role in psychological development. Paper presented at the Nebraska symposium on motivation. Iakovleva, T., Kolvereid, L., & Stephan, U. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries. Education+ Training, 53(5), 353-370. Ibrahim, N. M. N., & Mahmood, R. (2016). Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. International Business Management, 10(12), 2444-2452. Ifedili, C. J., & Ofoegbu, F. (2011). Managing entrepreneurship education in Nigerian universities. European Journal of Educational Studies, 3(1). Inkson, K., & Arthur, M. B. (2001). How to be a successful career capitalist. Organizational dynamics, 30(1), 48-61. Inkson, K., Furbish, D., & Parker, P. (2002). Fast forward: careers research in New Zealand. Australian Journal of Career Development, 11(3), 36-45. Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Integrating entrepreneurship and strategic management actions to create firm wealth. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 49-63. Ismail, M., Khalid, S. A., Othman, M., Jusoff, H. K., Rahman, N. A., Kassim, K. M., & Zain, R. S. (2009). Entrepreneurial intention among Malaysian undergraduates. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(10), 54. Jaafar, M., & Rashid Abdul Aziz, A. (2008). Entrepreneurship education in developing country: Exploration on its necessity in the construction programme. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(2), 178-189. Jack, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (1998). Entrepreneurship education within the condition of entreprenology. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Conference on Enterprise and Learning. Jain, R., & Ali, S. W. (2013). Self-efficacy beliefs, marketing orientation and attitude orientation of Indian Entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 71-95. Jane, W. H., Moy, Luk, V. W., & Wright, P. C. (2003). Perceptions of entrepreneurship as a career: Views of young people in Hong Kong. Equal Opportunities International, 22(4), 16-40. Jiang, Z., & Park, D. S. (2012). Career decision-making self-efficacy as a moderator in the relationships of entrepreneurial career intention with emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence. African Journal of Business Management, 6(30), 8862. Johannisson, B. (1991). University training for entrepreneurship: Swedish approaches. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 3(1), 67-82. Johannisson, B., Landstrom, H., & Rosenberg, J. (1998). University training for entrepreneurship—an action frame of reference. European Journal of Engineering Education, 23(4), 477-496. Johnson, & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches: Sage. Johnson, B. R. (1990). Toward a multidimensional model of entrepreneurship: The case of achievement motivation and the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 14(3), 39-54. Jones, P., Jones, A., Packham, G., Miller, C., Nabi, G., & Holden, R. (2008). Student attitudes towards enterprise education in Poland: a positive impact. Education+ Training, 50(7), 597-614. Jones, P., Miller, C., Jones, A., Packham, G., Pickernell, D., Zbierowski, P., . . . Liñán, F. (2011). Attitudes and motivations of Polish students towards entrepreneurial activity. Education+ Training, 53(5), 416-432. Jose-Luis, Hervas-Oliver Jaén, Inmaculada Liñán, & Francisco. (2013). Work values in a changing economic environment: the role of entrepreneurial capital. International Journal of Manpower, 34(8), 939-960. José Luis Martínez Campo. (2011). Analysis of the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Prospectiva, 9(2), 14-21. Josien, L., & Sybrowsky, J. (2013). Teaching entrepreneurship in action: Using ebay as an educational tool. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 16, 1. Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J., Lans, T., Aazami, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). Fostering students’ competence in identifying business opportunities in entrepreneurship education. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(2), 215-229. Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J., Lans, T., Chizari, M., Mulder, M., & Mahdei, K. N. (2013). Understanding role models and gender influences on entrepreneurial intentions among college students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 204-214. Karimi, S., Chizari, M., Biemans, H. J., & Mulder, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship education in Iranian higher education: The current state and challenges. European Journal of Scientific Research, 48(1), 35-50. Katz, J. A. (1991). The institution and infrastructure of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 15(3), 85-102. Katz, J. A. (2003). The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education: 1876–1999. Journal of business Venturing, 18(2), 283-300. Kelley, D. J., Singer, S., & Herrington, M. (2012). The global entrepreneurship monitor. 2011 Global Report, GEM 2011, 7. Kent, C. A. (1989). The treatment of entrepreneurship in principles of economics textbooks. The Journal of Economic Education, 20(2), 153-164. Kent, C. A. (1990). Entrepreneurship education: Current developments, future directions: Greenwood Publishing Group. Keogh, W., & Galloway, L. (2004). Teaching enterprise in vocational disciplines: reflecting on positive experience. Management Decision, 42(3/4), 531-541. Kerr, G., & Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2011). The Bridge to Retirement Older Workers’ Engagement in Post-Career Entrepreneurship and Wage-and-Salary Employment. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 55-76. Kihlstrom, R. E., & Laffont, J.-J. (1979). A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion. The Journal of Political Economy, 719-748. Kim-Soon, N., Ahmad, A. R., Saberi, A. Z. M., & Tat, H. H. (2013). Discriminate analyses of motivators and obstacles on youth entrepreneurial intention. Asian Social Science, 9(17), 53. Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: can business schools meet the challenge? Education+ Training, 46(8/9), 510-519. Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press, Chicago, IL. Kirzner, I. M. (1979). Perception, opportunity, and profit: Studies in the theory of entrepreneurship: Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner, I. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. Journal of economic Literature, 35(1), 60-85. Kirzner, I. M. (1999). Creativity and/or alertness: A reconsideration of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur. The Review of Austrian Economics, 11(1), 5-17. Kitson, M., Martin, R., & Tyler, P. (2004). Regional competitiveness: an elusive yet key concept? Regional studies, 38(9), 991-999. Kline, R. B. (2012). Principles and Practices of Structural Equation Modelling. (5th edition) New York: The Guilford Press. Klyver, K. (2007). Shifting family involvement during the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 13(5), 258-277. Klyver, K., & Schøtt, T. (2008). Who will develop entrepreneurial intentions? How social network structure shapes entrepreneurial intentions. Paper presented at the ICSB World Conference Proceedings. Knight, R. M. (1987). Can business schools produce entrepreneurs? An empirical study. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 17-26. Kolb, D. (1984). Experience as the source of learning and development Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs. Kolvereid, L. (1996a). Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20(3), 23-32. Kolvereid, L. (1996b). Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 47-58. Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of business Venturing, 21(6), 866-885. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques: New Age International. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educ psychol meas. Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person- supervisor fit. Personnel psychology, 58(2), 281-342. Krueger, Reilly , M., & Carsrud , A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432. Krueger, Reilly, M., & Carsrud, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432. Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330. Krumboltz, J. D., Mitchell, A. M., & Jones, G. B. (1976). A social learning theory of career selection. The counseling psychologist, 6(1), 71-81. Krumwiede, D., Hackert, A. M., Tokle, J., & Vokurka, R. J. (2012). The practice of corporate social responsibility in different countries: a study of firms in Canada, Hungary, Italy, Lebanon, Taiwan and the United States. International journal of Management, 29(1), 389. Kunday, O., & Çakir, C. (2014). The moderating role of entrepreneurship education and family tradition on the relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,, 4 (9), 25-34. Kunday, Ö., & Çakir, C. (2014). The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Family Tradition on the Relationship between Self-Esteem and Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(9 (1)), 25-34. Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 577-598. Kuratko, D. F. (2009). Introduction to entrepreneurship: South-Western Australia and UK. Kwon, S.-W., & Adler, P. S. (2014). Social capital: Maturation of a field of research. Academy of management review, 39(4), 412-422. Lanero, A., Vázquez, J.-L., & Aza, C. L. (2015). Social cognitive determinants of entrepreneurial career choice in university students. International Small Business Journal, 0266242615612882. Lange, J. E., Marram, E., Jawahar, A. S., Yong, W., & Bygrave, W. (2011). Does an entrepreneurship education have lasting value? A study of careers of 4,000 alumni. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 31(6), 2. Lau, P. V. (2002). Developing and validating the entrepreneurial career success scale and testing its antecedents and consequences in the context of Southeast Asian values. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Lazear. (2004). Balanced skills and entrepreneurship. The American Economic Review, 94(2), 208-211. Lazear. (2005). Entrepreneurship. Journal of Labor Economics 23 (4), 649–680. Lee, L., Wong, P. K., Der Foo, M., & Leung, A. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of business Venturing, 26(1), 124-136. Lee, S. M., Chang, D., & Lim, S.-B. (2005). Impact of entrepreneurship education: A comparative study of the US and Korea. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 1(1), 27-43. Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (1996). Social cognitive approach to career development: An overview. The Career Development Quarterly, 44(4), 310-321. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79-122. Lewrick, M., Omar, M., Raeside, R., & Sailer, K. (2011). Education for entrepreneurship and innovation:“Management capabilities for sustainable growth and success”. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 6(1/2), 1-18. Lichtman, M. (2012). Qualitative Research in Education: A User's Guide: A User's Guide: Sage. Lim, W. L., & Xavier, S. R. (2015). Opportunity recognition framework: Exploring the technology entrepreneurs. American Journal of economics, 5(2), 105-111. Linan, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions? International entrepreneurship and management journal, 4(3), 257-272. Liñán, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3(1), 11-35. Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and Cross‐Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617. Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 7(2), 195-218. Liñán, F., Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2011). Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(3-4), 187-215. Lo, C. T. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. (Doctor of Philosophy), CityU university of Hong Kong. Lockwood, P. (2006). ” Someone Like Me can be Successful”: Do College Students Need Same-Gender Role Models? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(1), 36-46. Lourenço, F., & Jayawarna, D. (2011). The effect of creativity on post-training outcomes in enterprise education. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 17(3), 224-244. Lumpkin, Hills, G. E., & Shrader, R. C. (2004). Opportunity recognition. Entrepreneurship: The way ahead, 73-90. Lumpkin , & Lichtenstein, B. B. (2005). The role of organizational learning in the opportunity‐recognition process. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), 451-472. Lumpkin, & Lichtenstein, B. B. (2005). The role of organizational learning in the opportunity‐recognition process. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), 451-472. Lumpkin, G. T., G. E. Hills, and R. C. Shrader. (2004). “Opportunity Recognition,” in Entrepreneurship the Way Ahead. In H. P. Welsch (Ed.), (pp. 73–90). London: Routledge. Lundvall, B.-å. (1998). Why study national systems and national styles of innovation? Technology analysis & strategic management, 10(4), 403-422. Lynety, C., & Olawale, O. F. (2012). Triggers and Barriers to Latent Entrepreneurship in High Schools in South Africa. J Soc Sci, 31(3), 307-318. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate behavioral research, 39(1), 99-128. Maina, R. W. (2011). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among Kenyan college graduates. KCA Journal of Business Management, 3(2). Malchow-Møller, N., Schjerning, B., & Sørensen, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship, job creation and wage growth. Small Business Economics, 36(1), 15-32. Malebana, M. (2016). The influencing role of social capital in the formation of entrepreneurial intention. Southern African Business Review, 20(1), 51-70. Malhotra, N. K. (2008). Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e: Pearson Education India. Marina, Westhead, P., Matlay, H., & N. Parsyak, V. (2013). Entrepreneurial assets and mindsets: benefit from university entrepreneurship education investment. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 748-762. Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224. Martinez, A., Levie, J., Kelley, D., Sæmundsson, R., & Schøtt, T. (2010). A global perspective on entrepreneurship education and training. GERA/GEM. Martínez, A. C., Levie, J., Kelley, D. J., Sæmundsson, R. J., & Schøtt, T. (2010). Global entrepreneurship monitor special report: A global perspective on entrepreneurship and training. Babson Park, MA: Babson College. MAS. (2012). Entrepreneurship Education in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: An Exploratory Study Palestine, Ramallah Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS) MAS. (2014). Policies for Scaling up Youth Entrepreneurship in the State of Palestine (pp. 12). Ramallah - Palestine: Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS) Matlay. (2005). Entrepreneurship education in UK business schools: conceptual, contextual and policy considerations. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 12(4), 627-643. Matlay, H. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in the UK: a critical analysis of stakeholder involvement and expectations. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 16(2), 355-368. Matlay, H. (2010). Introduction: contemporary perspectives on entrepreneurship education and training. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 17(4). Matlay, H., & Mitra, J. (2002). Entrepreneurship and learning: the double act in the triple helix. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 3(1), 7-16. Matlay, H., Mohamad, N., Lim, H.-E., Yusof, N., & Soon, J.-J. (2015). Estimating the effect of entrepreneur education on graduates’ intention to be entrepreneurs. Education+ Training, 57(8/9), 874-890. Matlay, H., & Storey, D. (2003). Should you become an entrepreneur? Positive and negative factors affecting individual career choices. Mercia Fest, Warwick University, Coventry, June. Matley, H., & Hegarty, C. (2006). It's not an exact science: teaching entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland. Education+ Training, 48(5), 322-335. McGrath, R. G., & MacMillan, I. C. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty (Vol. 284): Harvard Business Press. McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of management review, 31(1), 132-152. McStay, D. (2008). An investigation of undergaduate student self-employment intention and the impact of entrepreneurship education and previous entrepreneurial experience. Theses, 18. Meher, R., & Sahoo, R. (2008). Socio-economic Background of the Entrepreneurs and the Industrial Climate of the Small Scale Sector Industries in Orissa. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 169-188. Mejri, K., & Umemoto, K. (2010). Small-and medium-sized enterprise internationalization: Towards the knowledge-based model. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 156-167. Mhango, M. W. (2006). Assessing entrepreneurial career intentions of family and consumer sciences students in higher education: a model testing approach: ProQuest. Michelacci, C. (2003). Low returns in R&D due to the lack of entrepreneurial skills. The Economic Journal, 113(484), 207-225. Mohd, R., Kirana, K., Kamaruddin, B. H., Zainuddin, A., & Ghazali, M. C. (2014). The Mediatory Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Religious Values and Entrepreneurial Orientations: A Case of Malay Owner Managers of SMEs in Manufacturing Industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 96-104. Mohebi, F., & Rabiee, A. (2014). Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition. International Journal, 3(4). Molaei, R., Reza Zali, M., Hasan Mobaraki, M., & Yadollahi Farsi, J. (2014). The impact of entrepreneurial ideas and cognitive style on students entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 140-162. Mooi, E., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics. Morgan, N. A., Kaleka, A., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2004). Antecedents of export venture performance: A theoretical model and empirical assessment. Journal of marketing, 68(1), 90-108. Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2011). A cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of career development, 0894845310384481. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S. (2013). A competency‐based perspective on entrepreneurship education: conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. Mosey, S., & Binks, M. (2011). Developing opportunity-identification capabilities in the classroom: visual evidence for changing mental frames. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(2), 277-295. Muhammad, N., Maheran, N., Jantan, M., & Md Taib, F. (2010). Moderating effect of information processing capacity to investment decision making and environmental scanning/Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad, Muhamad Jantan, Fauziah Md Taib. Business Management Quarterly Review, 1(1), 9-22. Mushtaq, H. A., Niazi, C., & Hunjra, A. I. (2011). Planned behavior entrepreneurship and intention to create a new venture among young graduates. Management & Marketing, 6(3), 437. Nabi, G., & Liñán, F. (2011). Graduate entrepreneurship in the developing world: intentions, education and development. Education+ Training, 53(5), 325-334. Nabi, G., & Liñán, F. (2013). Considering business start-up in recession time: The role of risk perception and economic context in shaping the entrepreneurial intent. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(6), 633-655. Naktiyok, A., Karabey, C. N., & Gulluce, A. C. (2010). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: the Turkish case. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 6(4), 419-435. Nandram, S. S., & Samsom, K. J. (2006). The spirit of entrepreneurship: exploring the essence of entrepreneurship through personal stories: Springer Science & Business Media. Nasiru, A., Keat, O. Y., & Bhatti, M. A. (2015). Influence of perceived university support, perceived effective entrepreneurship education, perceived creativity disposition, entrepreneurial passion for inventing and founding on entrepreneurial intention. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 88. Ndedi, A. (2012). Principles on Corporate Entrepreneurship and Strategy: Lap Lambert Academic Publ. Neck, H. M., & Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70. Neuman, W. L. (2004). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Pearson. Newbert, S. L., Tornikoski, E. T., & Quigley, N. R. (2013). Exploring the evolution of supporter networks in the creation of new organizations. Journal of business Venturing, 28(2), 281-298. Niammuad, D., Napompech, K., & Suwanmaneepong, S. (2014). The Mediating Effect Of Opportunity Recognition On Incubated—Entrepreneurial Innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 18(03), 1440005. Nicolaou, N., Shane, S., Cherkas, L., & Spector, T. D. (2009). Opportunity recognition and the tendency to be an entrepreneur: A bivariate genetics perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110(2), 108-117. Nieuwenhuizen, C., & Groenewald, D. (2008). Entrepreneurs' learning preferences: a guide for entrepreneurship education. Acta Commercii, 8(1), 128-144. Nikraftar, T., Hosseini, E., & Laesser, C. (2016). Factors affecting entrepreneurial opportunities recognition in tourism small and medium sized enterprises. Tourism Review, 71(1). Nishantha, B. (2009). Influence of personality traits and socio-demographic background of undergraduate students on motivation for entrepreneurial career: The Case of Sri Lanka. Njoroge, C. W., & Gathungu, J. M. (2013). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Education and Training on Development of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Githunguri District-Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(8), 1-12. Nordin, N., Samsudin, M. A., & Zain, A. N. M. (2015). Developing Malaysian undergraduates’ innovation orientation: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Nwankwo, B. E., Kanu, G. C., Marire, M. I., Balogun, S. K., & Uhiara, A. C. (2012). Gender-role orientation and self-efficacy as correlates of entrepreneurial intention. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6), 09-26. O'Connor, A. (2013). A conceptual framework for entrepreneurship education policy: Meeting government and economic purposes. Journal of business Venturing, 28(4), 546-563. Olakitan, O. O. (2014). The influence of some personality factors on entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(1).

Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial career option among Palestinian undergraduate students

Similar Items