Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan

Recently, there have been issues involving police officers in the misuse of power which gave a negative image to the police force. To counter these problems, the management imposed tighter procedure to ensure the officers would not misuse the power they have. However, with the tightening of the proc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Arjunaidi, Mohamed
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 1997
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/1/Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/2/1.Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.819
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
topic HV Social Pathology
Social and Public Welfare
spellingShingle HV Social Pathology
Social and Public Welfare
Arjunaidi, Mohamed
Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
description Recently, there have been issues involving police officers in the misuse of power which gave a negative image to the police force. To counter these problems, the management imposed tighter procedure to ensure the officers would not misuse the power they have. However, with the tightening of the procedure, it was observed that the stress level among the officer also increased. Besides that, the officers are also having problem in fostering a good relationship with the public. As law enforcers they have to maintain some distance in their relationship with the public. However, at the same time police officers also need the full cooperation from the public especially in crime prevention and detection. They need information and public support to ensure effective policing. With the changes happening in the society officers have to adjust their paradigm or their way of thinking that is from being a law enforcer to an agent who gives service to the public. To have a good relationship they need to create a good image to the public. Those factors contribute to stress among police officers. This study therefore looks into the phenomena, and will investigate the contributing factors. For that purpose the researcher used stratified random sampling to choose the respondent from the Kangar Police District. By using descriptive analysis, multiple regression, correlation and ANOVA the researcher found that among the factors contributing significantly to stress are marital status, educational background, working environment, social relationship, organizational structure, work load and organizational culture. Age factor, rank in organization and working experience however are not significantly contribute to the stress level. The study also found that the stress level among the officers in Kangar are quit low eventhough they have negative perception on other factors that was found to be correlated and related significantly with stress. The future study therefore needs to explore further the other factors that may contribute to stress.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Arjunaidi, Mohamed
author_facet Arjunaidi, Mohamed
author_sort Arjunaidi, Mohamed
title Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
title_short Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
title_full Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
title_fullStr Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
title_full_unstemmed Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan
title_sort faktor demografi, persekitaran dan organisasi yang berkaitan dengan ketegangan
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Sekolah Siswazah
publishDate 1997
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/1/Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/2/1.Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf
_version_ 1747827003566850048
spelling my-uum-etd.8192013-07-24T12:09:09Z Faktor Demografi, Persekitaran Dan Organisasi Yang Berkaitan Dengan Ketegangan 1997 Arjunaidi, Mohamed Sekolah Siswazah Graduate School HV Social Pathology. Social and Public Welfare Recently, there have been issues involving police officers in the misuse of power which gave a negative image to the police force. To counter these problems, the management imposed tighter procedure to ensure the officers would not misuse the power they have. However, with the tightening of the procedure, it was observed that the stress level among the officer also increased. Besides that, the officers are also having problem in fostering a good relationship with the public. As law enforcers they have to maintain some distance in their relationship with the public. However, at the same time police officers also need the full cooperation from the public especially in crime prevention and detection. They need information and public support to ensure effective policing. With the changes happening in the society officers have to adjust their paradigm or their way of thinking that is from being a law enforcer to an agent who gives service to the public. To have a good relationship they need to create a good image to the public. Those factors contribute to stress among police officers. This study therefore looks into the phenomena, and will investigate the contributing factors. For that purpose the researcher used stratified random sampling to choose the respondent from the Kangar Police District. By using descriptive analysis, multiple regression, correlation and ANOVA the researcher found that among the factors contributing significantly to stress are marital status, educational background, working environment, social relationship, organizational structure, work load and organizational culture. Age factor, rank in organization and working experience however are not significantly contribute to the stress level. The study also found that the stress level among the officers in Kangar are quit low eventhough they have negative perception on other factors that was found to be correlated and related significantly with stress. The future study therefore needs to explore further the other factors that may contribute to stress. 1997 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/1/Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf application/pdf eng validuser https://etd.uum.edu.my/819/2/1.Arjunaidi_Mohamed.pdf application/pdf eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Ainsworth, P.B. dan Pease, K. Police Work. British Psychological Society and Methuen. London. 1987. Ainsworth, P.B. Psychology and Policing In A Changing World. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester. 1995. Akta Polis. 1967. (Pindaan 1990). Percetakan Negara. Kuala Lumpur. Aldred, C. "U.K. Ruling Focuses Attention to Job Stress". Business Insurance. Vol. 28. Dec. 1994. Anthony, W.P., Perrewe, P.L. dan Kacmar, KM., Strategic Human Resource Management. Harcourt Brace Jovanovk College Publisher. Fort Worth. 1993. Azham Md . Ali. “Curbing Negative Stress”. Malaysian Management Review. Vol. 26 No. 3. December 1991. ms. 51 - 62. Banto, M. The Policeman In The Community. Basic Books Inc. New York. 1984. Beehr, T. A., Johnson, L. B., Nieva, R., dan Hurrell, J. J. Jr. ‘Occupational Stress: Coping of Police and Their Spouse; Commentary: Police Work, Occupational Stress, and Individual Coping”. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 16. Jan. 1995. ms. 3 - 28. Benson, H. and Allen, R.L. “How Much Stress Is Too Much”, The Executive Dilemma; Handling People Problems At Work. Harvard Business Review Executives Books Series. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 1980. ms. 557-567. Bradley, D., Walker, N. dan Wilkie, R. Managing the Police: Law, Organisational and Democracy. Harvester Press. Brighton. 1986. Brehm, S. S. dan Kassin, S. M. Social Psychology. (3rd. Edition) Houghton Miffin Company. Boston. 1996. Brown, J. M. dan Campbell, E. A. 'More Equal Than Others'. Police. Oktober 1990. ms. 18. Brown, J.M. dan Campbell, E. A. Stress and Policing: Sources and Strategies. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1994. Buhler, P. 'Stress Management'. dalam Supervision. Vol. 54. No. 5. 1993. ms. 17-19. Burke, R.J. “Issues and Implications for Health Care Delivery Systems: A Canadian Perspective.” dalam Quick, J.C., Bhagat, R.S., Dalton, J.E. dan Quick, J.D. Work Stress: Health Care Systems In The Workplace. Praeger. New York. 1987. Cain, M.E. Society and the Policeman’s Role. Routledge and Keegan Paul. London. 1973. Cartwright, S., Cooper, C. L., dan Barron, A. “An Investigation of the Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Accidents Amongst Company Car Drivers”. Journal of General Management. Vol. 19. No. 2. 1993. Charlesworth, E.A. dan Nathan, R.G. Psychological Stress: Issues in Research. Appleton-Century-Croft. New York. 1962. Chong. Y.F. Sistem Kawalan Lokap dan Orang-orang Tahanan di Malaysia; Satu Kajian. Kertas Projek Diploma Sains Kepolisan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1990. Cooper, C.L. dan Marshall, J. ‘Occupational Source of Stress: A Review of The Literature Relating to Coronary Heart Disease and Mental III Health”. Journal of Occupational Psychology. 49. 1976. ms. 11 - 28. Cooper, C.L., dan Sutherland, V.J., ‘The Stress of the Executive Lifestyle: Trend in the 1990s”. Management Decision. Vol. 30. No. 6. 1992. ms. 64 - 68. Cox, S.M. Police: Practices, Perspektives, Problems. Allyn and Bacon. Boston. 1996. Cox, T. dan Mackay, C. "A Transactional Approach to Occupational Stress". dalam Corlett, E.N. dan Richardson, J. Stress, Work Design, and Productivity. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1981. ms. 91 - 113. Davidson, M.J. dan Veno, A. "Stress and The Policeman". dalam Cooper, C.L. dan Marshall, J. White Collar and Professional Stress. John Wiley and Sons . Chichester. 1980. ms.131 - 188. De Meuse, K.P., “The Life Events Stress-Performance Linkage: An Exploratory Study”. Journal of Human Stress. Fall, 1985.ms.111 - 117. Dolan, S. dan Tziner, A. ‘Implementing Computer-based Automation In The Office: A Study of Experienced Stress”. Journal Of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 9. 1988. ms. 183 -187. Emsley, E. The English Police: A Political and Social History. Harvester Wheatsheaf. Hertfordshire. 1991. Eremie, M. D. Job Stress: An Analysis of Stress Among Firefighters In An Urban Area With Implications For Counseling. Thesis Texas Southern University. 1992. Gaines, L.K., Southerland, M.D., dan Angell, J.E., Police Administration. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York. 1991. Griggs, D. E. Police Stress and Management Style. Thesis, University of La Verne. California. 1985. Hampton, D.R., Summer, C.E., dan Webber, R.A. Organizational Behavior and The Practice of Management. (5th. Edition) Scott, Foresman and Company. Illinois. 1987. Haynes, S. G., LaCroize A. 2. dan Lippin, T. ‘The Effect of High Job Demands and Low Control On The Health of Employed Women. dalam Quick, C,J, et al. Work Stress: Health Care Systems In The Workplace. Praeger. New York. 1987. ms. 93 - 110. Hin, Y. C. Masalah Pengurusan Dari Perpektif Struktur Organisasi PDRM; Satu Kajian. Kertas Projek Diploma Sains Kepolisan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1991. Holmes, T.H. dan Rahe, R.H. “The Social Readjustment Rating Scale”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Vol.11. lg87. ms. 213 - 218. Hoong, M. S. Penyakit Jantung dan Kemalangan Jalanraya Merupakan Faktor Utama Menyebabkan Kematian Semasa Dalam Perkhidmatan Anggota-anggota PDRM. Kertas Projek Diploma Sains Kepolisan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1986. Ivancevich, J.M. dan Glueck, W. F. Foundation of Personnel; Human Resource Management. (4th Edition) Irwin. Homewood. 1989. Jones, J.M. Organizational Aspects of Police Behavior. Gower Publishing. Westmead. 1980. Kajimoto, T. ‘Rigid School System Blamed for Suicides”. Japan Times Weekly International Edition. Vol. 35. Januari 1995. ms. 4. Klockars, C.B., dan Mastrofski, S.D. Thingking About Police. (2nd. Edition) McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York. 1991. Kroes, W. H. Society’s Victims, The Policeman; An Analysis of Job Stress in Policing. Thomas Press New York. 1976. Kyriacou, C. “Sources Of Stress Among British Teachers: The Contribution Of Job Factors And Personality Factors”. dalam Cooper, C.L. dan Marshall, J. White Collar and Professional Stress. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1980. ms. 113 -128. Landsbergis, P. A. “Occupational Stress Among Health Care Workers: A Test Of The Job Demands-Control Model”. Journal Of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 9. 1988. ms. 217 - 239. Landy, F.J. Psychology of Work Behavior. (4th. Edition). Cole Publishing Company. Pacific Grove. 1989. Lazarus, R.S. “Psychological Stress in the Workplace”. dalam Crandall, R., dan Perrewe, P.L. Occupational Stress: A Handbook. Taylor and Francis. Washington, DC. 1995. Mahmood Nazar Mohamed. An Understanding Of The Meaning Of Being In Stress: A Study of the Phenomenon of Stress of Malaysian Administrators in a Job Related Situation. Thesis M.A. Duquesne University. 1987. Marshall, J. dan Cooper, C. L. “The Causes of managerial Job Stress: A Research Note on Methods and Initial Findings’. dalam Coriett, E. N. dan Richardson, J. Stress, Work Design, and Productivity. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1981. ms. 115 - 128. Marshall, J. “Stress Amongst Nurses”. dalam Cooper, C.L. dan Marshall, J. White Collar and Professional Stress. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester. 1980. ms. 19 - 59. Mayes, B.T., dan Ganster, DC. “Exit and Voice: A Test of Hypotheses Based on Fight/Flught Responses To Job Stress.” dalam Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 9. 1988. ms. 199 -216. McHugh, M. ‘Stress at Work: Do Managers Really Count the Costs?” dalam Employee Relations. Vol. 15. No. 1. 1993. ms. 18 - 32. Mohd Onn. Perhubungan Polis-Orang Ramai: Persepsi Penduduk-penduduk Daerah Kota Bharu. Satu kajian Kes. Kertas Projek Diploma Sains Kepolisan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1985. Mohd Reduan Aslie. Tan Sri Mohd Haniff Omar: Kepolisan Dan Keselamatan. AMK Interaksi Sdn Bhd. Kuala Lumpur. 1990. Moorhead, G., dan Griffin, R.W. Organizational Behavior (2nd Edition) Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 1989. Muhammad Jamal dan Baba, V.V. “Shiftwork and Department-type Related To Job and Stress, Work Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions: A Study of Nurses.” Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 13. 1992. ms. 449 - 464. Murphy, L. R. dan Hurrell, J. J. “Stress Measurement and Management in Organizations: Development and Current Status”. dalam Riley, A.W. dan Zaccero, S.J. Occupational Stress and Organizational Effectiveness. Praeger. New York. 1987. ms. 29 - 51. Murphy, L. R. dan Sorenson, S. “Employee Behaviors Before and After Stress Management”. Journal Of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 9. 1988. ms. 173 - 182. Murtadza. Pembaziran Masa Yang Dihadapi Oleh Pegawai-pegawai Penyiasat Dalam Perbicaraan Mahkamah. Satu Kajian Kes. Kertas Projek Diploma Sains Kepolisan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1991. Niederhoffer, A. Behind The Shield: The Police In Urban Society. Anchor Press. New York. 1969. Oliver, I. Police, Government and Accountability. McMillan Press Ltd. London. 1987. Pinola, R. J. ‘Building A Winning Team After A Downsizing’. Compensation and Benefits Management. Vol. 10.1994. ms. 54 -59. Price, R. H. dan Hooijberg, R. ‘Organizational Exit Pressures And Role Stres: Impact On Mental Health’. Journal Of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 13. 1992. ms. 641 - 651. Pringle, C.D., Jenings, D.F., dan Longenecker, J.G. Managing Organizations Functions and Behaviors. Merill Publishing Company, Columbus. 1988. Robbins, S.P. Organizational Behavior (6th Edition). Prentice Hall International Inc. New York. 1992. Rodiah Zakaria. Persepsi Publik Terhadap Pasukan Polio: Satu Kajian Berdasarkan Kumpulan Etnik di Bandar Bentong. Latihan Ilmiah Sajana Muda Sastera. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1985. Rafky, D. 'My Husband the Cop'. Police Chief. Vol. 41. Ogos 1974. ms. 63 - 65. Schermerhom, J.R., Hunt, J.G., dan Osbom, R.N. Managing Organizational Behavior (4th Edition). John Wiley and Sons. New York. 1991. Sekaran, U. Research Methods For Business (2nd. Edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 1992. Slesinger, J. A., dan Harburg, E. “Organizational Stress: A Force Requiring Management Control”. Personnel Administration. Vol. 27, No. 3. 1964. ms. 3 - 5, 35 - 39. Smeltzer, L. R., dan Leonard, D.J. Managerial Communication: Strategies and Applications. Irwin. Illinois. 1994. Summers, T.P., DeCotiis, T.A. dan DeNisi, A.S. “A Field Study of Some Antecedents and Consequences of Felt Job Stress”. dalam Crandall, R., dan Perrewe, P.L. Occupational Stress: A Handbook. Taylor and Francis. Washington, DC. 1995. Sutherland, V.J. dan Cooper, C.L. ‘Sources Of Work Stress”. dalam Hurrell, J.J., Murphy, L.R, Sauter, S.L. dan Cooper, C.L. Occupational Stress: Issues And Developments In Research. Taylor and Francis. New York. 1988. ms. 3 - 40. Syd Abdul Rahman Syd Zin. Kekerapan Menggunakan Amalan-amalan Komunikasi Kepengurusan Di Kalangan Pegawai-pegawai Pengurusan dan Profesional Negeri Melaka. Tesis Master. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Serdang. 1994. Tang, T.L. dan Hammontree, M. L. ‘The Effects of Hardiness, Police Stress, and Life Stress on Police Officers Illness and Absenteeism’. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 21. No. 4. Winter 1992. ms. 493 - 506. Wexley, K.N. dan Yuki, G.A. Organizational Behavior and Industrial Psychology. Oxford University Press. New York. 1975. ms. 607 - 613. Zikmund, W. G., Business Research Methods (4th. edition). International edition. Dryden Press. Forth Worth. 1994.