The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman

<p>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role across all industries and are the</p><p>key contributor to the achievements in the national and global economies. The objective of this</p><p>study is to investigate th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10488
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:10488
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic HF5601 Accounting
spellingShingle HF5601 Accounting
Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi
The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
description <p>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role across all industries and are the</p><p>key contributor to the achievements in the national and global economies. The objective of this</p><p>study is to investigate the effect of risk management awareness on financial performance of</p><p>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Oman by focusing on the relationship between the</p><p>factors of risk management awareness towards the impact on financial performance in Oman.</p><p>The study adopts a quantitative research approach using primary survey. Data in this study were</p><p>collected via questionnaire which was administered to 400 respondents drawn from among</p><p>Oman-based SMEs. The data analysis was conducted through a quantitative analysis involving</p><p>descriptive analysis and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings of regression</p><p>analysis showed significant effect of risk management decision on financial performance in</p><p>Oman. The findings further showed a significant effect of risk management strategies,</p><p>orientation, and education on financial performance of SMEs in Oman. However, findings</p><p>showed no significant effect of risk management method on financial performance of SMEs in</p><p>Oman. The study recommends continuous development of skills and capacity of the workforce</p><p>in supporting the growth and development of businesses. This can be done through the</p><p>reformation of health, transport, and ICT sectors with the influences of factors like SMEs risk</p><p>management decision, method, strategies, orientation, and education.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi
author_facet Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi
author_sort Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi
title The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
title_short The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
title_full The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
title_fullStr The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
title_full_unstemmed The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman
title_sort effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in oman
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
publishDate 2023
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10488
_version_ 1804890561415479296
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:104882024-06-24 The effect of risk management a awareness on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Oman 2023 Al Qubtan, Taha Redha Taqi HF5601 Accounting <p>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role across all industries and are the</p><p>key contributor to the achievements in the national and global economies. The objective of this</p><p>study is to investigate the effect of risk management awareness on financial performance of</p><p>Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Oman by focusing on the relationship between the</p><p>factors of risk management awareness towards the impact on financial performance in Oman.</p><p>The study adopts a quantitative research approach using primary survey. Data in this study were</p><p>collected via questionnaire which was administered to 400 respondents drawn from among</p><p>Oman-based SMEs. The data analysis was conducted through a quantitative analysis involving</p><p>descriptive analysis and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings of regression</p><p>analysis showed significant effect of risk management decision on financial performance in</p><p>Oman. The findings further showed a significant effect of risk management strategies,</p><p>orientation, and education on financial performance of SMEs in Oman. However, findings</p><p>showed no significant effect of risk management method on financial performance of SMEs in</p><p>Oman. The study recommends continuous development of skills and capacity of the workforce</p><p>in supporting the growth and development of businesses. This can be done through the</p><p>reformation of health, transport, and ICT sectors with the influences of factors like SMEs risk</p><p>management decision, method, strategies, orientation, and education.</p> 2023 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10488 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10488 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi <p>Abdallah, A. A. N., Hassan, M. K., & McClelland, P. L. (2015). Islamic financial institutions, corporate governance, and corporate risk disclosure in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 31, 63-82.</p><p>Abera, A. (2012). Factors affecting the performance of micro and small enterprises in Arada and Lideta Sub-Cities. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/13199</p><p>Ackah, J and Vuvor, S. (2011). The challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in obtaining credit in Ghana.</p><p>Al Badi, K. (2019). Impact of policies vis--vis small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on economic development of the border city of Al Buraimi in Oman. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 11(3), 613-620.</p><p>Al Balushi, Y. (2019). An investigation of the adoption of Islamic financing instruments by small and medium enterprises in the Sultanate of Oman (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Waikato).</p><p>Al Bulushi, BHS and Bagum, S. (2017). Growth strategies in SMEs in Oman- issues and challenges. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, Vol.5, No.2: 21-61. ISSN 2053-583X(Online).</p><p>Al Buraiki, A and Khan, FR. (October 2018). Finance and technology: key challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Oman. International Journal of Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurial Research, Vol. 4, No. 2. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2018.421.</p><p>Al-Abri, M. Y., Rahim, A. A., & Hussain, N. H. (2018). Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: An Exploration of the Entrepreneurship Model for SMEs in Sultanate of Oman. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 9(6), 193-206.</p><p>Al-Abri, M. Y., Rahim, A. A., & Hussain, N. H. (2018). Entrepreneurial ecosystem: An exploration of the entrepreneurship model for SMEs in Sultanate of Oman. Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 9(6), 193-206.</p><p>Alam, MN and Alam, N. (2019). Impact of small and medium enterprises on Oman economy. International Journal of Economics and Business Research (IJEBR), Vol. 17, No. 2.</p><p>Al-Badi, H. (2022). Omani SMEs post 14pc growth in revenue from ICV contracts. Oman Observer. https://www.omanobserver.om/article/1122169/business/energy/omani-smes-post-14pc-growth-in-revenue-from-icv-contracts</p><p>Al-Balushi, R. A., & Anderson, A. R. (2017). Entrepreneurship in Oman: policies and practices. Journal of Asia entrepreneurship and sustainability, 13(4).</p><p>Al-Lawati, E. H. (2017). Exploration of entrepreneurial marketing orientation model among SMEs in Oman. International journal of economics & management sciences, 06(03): 432. doi: 10.4172/2162- 6359.1000432.</p><p>AlMaimani, J., & Johari, F. B. (2015). Enhancing Active Participation of SMEs and Islamic Banks towards Economic Diversification in Oman. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 677-688.</p><p>Al-Maskari, A, Al-Maskari, M, Alqanoobi, M and Kunjumuhammed, S. (2019). Internal and external obstacles facing medium and large enterprises in Rusayl Industrial Estates in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0125-3.</p><p>Alshubiri, F. (2015). The Impact of Financial Postion on Risk Asset Ratios: Emirical Study of Banking Sector Listed in Muscat Security Market. Economics & Sociology, 8(3), 95.</p><p>Altman, EI, Sabato, G and Wilson, N. (2008). The value of qualitative information in SME risk management. LEEDS University Business School, LEEDS, UK.</p><p>Ammal, A and Mathi, KM. (2018). Factors for sustainable economic growth. International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, Volume 4, Issue 1: 36-39.</p><p>Amran, A., Bin, A. M. R., & Hassan, B. C. H. M. (2009). Risk reporting. Managerial auditing journal.</p><p>Anderson, B. S., Wennberg, K. and McMullen, J. S. (2019). Enhancing quantitative theory-testing entrepreneurship research, Journal of Business Venturing, In Press.</p><p>Antony, J P and Bhattacharyya, S. (2010). Measuring organizational performance and organizational excellence of SMEs Part 2: an empirical study of SMEs in India. Measuring Business Excellence, 14 (3): 42-52.</p><p>Archibald, M. M. (2016). Investigator triangulation: A collaborative strategy with potential for mixed methods research, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), pp. 228-250.</p><p>Arena, M., Arnaboldi, M., & Azzone, G. (2010). The organizational dynamics of enterprise risk management. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(7), 659-675.</p><p>Ariffin, N.M., Kassim, S.H. (2009), Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks: Malaysian Evidence. Being a Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance. Abuja. p15-20.</p><p>Ashrafi, R., & Murtaza, M. (2008, May). Usages and effects of information and communication technologies on small and medium sized enterprises in Oman. In CONF-IRM 2008 Proceedings (p. 60).</p><p>Ashrafi, R., & Murtaza, M. (2013). ICT adoption in SME in an Arab GCC country: Oman. In Small and Medium Enterprises: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 792-815). IGI Global.</p><p>Ashrafi, R., & Murtaza, M. (2013). ICT adoption in SME in an Arab GCC country: Oman. In Small and Medium Enterprises: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 792-815). IGI Global.</p><p>Aven, T., & Renn, O. (2010). Risk management and governance: Concepts, guidelines and applications (Vol. 16). Springer Science & Business Media.</p><p>Ayoob, C., & Balakrishnan, S. (2012). SMEs in Sultanate of Oman: meeting the development challenges. Research Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 1(9), 27-30.</p><p>Babicci, K., & Wongsurawat, W. (2018). Case study: from an underperforming 80s bank to one of Omans bestthe transformation of BankDhofar. Strategy & Leadership, 46(5), 44-49.</p><p>Bachman, R. D. and Schutt, R. K. (2016). Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice. Sage Publications.</p><p>Badr, A, El Guindy, R, Weihler, L and Rizk, R. (2018). Investing in sustainable energy. In Financing sustainable development in Arab countries. Eds. Saab, N and Sadik, NK. 2018 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). Beirut, Lebanon. Technical Publications.</p><p>Baker, M. and Schaltegger, S. (2015). Pragmatism and new directions in social and environmental accountability research, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 28(2), pp. 263-294.</p><p>Barlevy, G. (2004). The cost of business cycles and the benefits of stabilization: a survey (No. w10926). National Bureau of Economic Research.</p><p>Baronov, D. (2015). Conceptual Foundations of Social Research Methods. Routledge.</p><p>Becherer, R. C., Helms, M. M., & McDonald, J. P. (2012). The effect of entrepreneurial marketing on outcome goals in SMEs. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 7-18.</p><p>Belas, J., Kljucnikov, A., Vojtovic, S., & Sobekov-Mjkov, M. (2015). Approach of the SME entrepreneurs to financial risk management in relation to gender and level of education. Economics and Sociology.</p><p>Belfrage, C. and Hauf, F. (2017). The gentle art of retroduction: Critical realism, cultural political economy and critical grounded theory, Organization Studies, 38(2), pp. 251-271.</p><p>Ben Youssef, A., Hadhri, W., & Mhenni, H. (2011). Intra-Firm Diffusion of Innovation: Evidence from Tunisian SMEs Regarding Information and Communication Technologies. Middle East Development Journal, 3(1), 75-97.</p><p>Benzing, C and Chu, HM. (2009). A comparison of the motivations of small business owners in Africa. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16 (1): 60-77.</p><p>Benzing, C, Chu, HM and Callanan, G. (2005). A regional comparison of the motivation and problems of the Vietnamese entrepreneur. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10 (1): 3-27.</p><p>Benzing, C, Chu, HM and Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations, success factors and problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 47 (1): 58-91.</p><p>Bhandari, P. (2022). What Is Quantitative Research? | Definition, Uses & Methods. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/</p><p>Bilal, Z. O., & Al Mqbali, N. S. (2015). Challenges and constrains faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Al Batinah governorate of Oman. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 120-130.</p><p>Bilal, Z. O., & Al Mqbali, N. S. (2015). Challenges and constrains faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Al Batinah governorate of Oman. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development.</p><p>Bindah, EV and Magd, HAE. (2016). Teaching entrepreneurship in Oman: successful approaches. 3rd Global Conference on Business and Social Science- 2015, GCBSS-2015, 16-17th December, 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences, 219: 140-144. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.04.055.</p><p>Boivin, C., Durif, F., & Roy, J. (2011). Buying Socially Responsible Goods: The Influence of Perceived Risks Revisited. World Review of Business Research, 1(4), 191-201.</p><p>Bonett, D. G. and Wright, T. A. (2015). Cronbach's alpha reliability: Interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), pp. 3-15.</p><p>Boon, M. and Van Baalen, S. (2019). Epistemology for interdisciplinary researchshifting philosophical paradigms of science, European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 9(1), 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-018-0242-4.</p><p>Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., & Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 1-8.</p><p>Boso, N., Cadogan, J. W., & Story, V. M. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation as drivers of product innovation success: A study of exporters from a developing economy. International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 57-81.</p><p>Boso, N., Story, V. M., & Cadogan, J. W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 708-727.</p><p>Brustbauer, J. (2016). Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 70-85.</p><p>Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L. (2010). Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: where are we now and where do we need to move in the future?.Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(3), 421-440.</p><p>Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.</p><p>Callen, M. T., Cherif, R., Hasanov, F., Hegazy, M. A., & Khandelwal, P. (2014). Economic diversification in the GCC: Past, present, and future. International Monetary Fund.</p><p>Cantele, S., & Zardini, A. (2018). Is sustainability a competitive advantage for small businesses? An empirical analysis of possible mediators in the sustainabilityfinancial performance relationship. Journal of cleaner production, 182, 166-176.</p><p>Caouette, J. B., Altman, E. I., Narayanan, P., & Nimmo, R. (2011). Managing credit risk: The great challenge for global financial markets (Vol. 401). John Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Carbonell, P., & Rodriguez Escudero, A. I. (2010). The effect of market orientation on innovation speed and new product performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 25(7), 501-513.</p><p>Cardona, O. D. (2013). The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism for effective risk management. In Mapping vulnerability (pp. 56-70). Routledge.</p><p>Carson, D. (1993). A Philosophy for Marketing Education in Small Firms. Routledge.</p><p>Ceci, F., & Iubatti, D. (2012). Personal relationships and innovation diffusion in SME networks: A content analysis approach. Research Policy, 41(3), 565-579.</p><p>Celasun, O and Gruss, B. (2018). What a decline in manufacturing jobs means for developing economies. World Economic Forum, 30th May, 2018. Available online: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/05/the-declining-share-of-manufacturing-jobs/.</p><p>Chan, K. C., Fung, A., Fung, H. G. and Yau, J. (2016). A citation analysis of business ethics research: A global perspective, Journal of Business Ethics, 136(3), pp. 557-573.</p><p>Chong, A. (March 2016). SMEs should manage risks to stay relevant in uncertain climate: KPMG partner. The Straight Times, Singapore Press Holding Limited.</p><p>Christina, B., Neelufer, A., & Al Amri, S. (2014). Challenges and barriers encountered by the SMEs owners in Muscat. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 2(3), 1-13.</p><p>Chursin, A., Tyulin, A., & Yudin, A. (2016). The model of risk assessment in the management of company's competitiveness. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 11(8), 1781-1790.</p><p>Cochran, W. G. (1977). Double sampling. Cochran WG. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 327-58.</p><p>Cole, S., Gin, X. and Vickery, J. (2017). How does risk management influence production decisions? Evidence from a field experiment, The Review of Financial Studies, 30(6), pp. 1935-1970.</p><p>Cook, P and Nixon, F. (2000). Finance and medium sized enterprise development. IDPM. University of Manchester, Finance and Development Research Programme, Working paper No.14.</p><p>Cooper, R. and Burrell, G. (2015). Modernism, postmodernism and organizational analysis: An introduction, in For Robert Cooper (pp. 149-175). Routledge.</p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). California: SAGE Publication.</p><p>Creswell, J. W. and Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Sage Publications.</p><p>Curtis, E. A., Comiskey, C. and Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research, Nurse Researcher, 23(6). DOI: 10.7748/nr.2016.e1382.</p><p>DArrigo-Patrick, J., Hoff, C., Knudson-Martin, C. and Tuttle, A. (2017). Navigating critical theory and postmodernism: Social justice and therapist power in family therapy, Family Process, 56(3), pp. 574-588.</p><p>Dahnil, M. I., Marzuki, K. M., Langgat, J., & Fabeil, N. F. (2014). Factors influencing SMEs adoption of social media marketing. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 148, 119-126.</p><p>de Mello, R. M. ., da Silva, P. C., & Travassos, G. H. (2015). Investigating probabilistic sampling approaches for large-scale surveys in software engineering. Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development, 3, 8:1 8:26. Retrieved from https://sol.sbc.org.br/journals/index.php/jserd/article/view/414</p><p>Demirbas, D., Hussain, J. G., & Matlay, H. (2011). Owner-managers' perceptions of barriers to innovation: empirical evidence from Turkish SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 18(4), 764-780.</p><p>Dlodlo, N., & Dhurup, M. (2010). Barriers to e-marketing adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Vaal Triangle. Acta commercii, 10(1), 164-180.</p><p>Doody, O. and Doody, C. M. (2015). Conducting a pilot study: Case study of a novice researcher, British Journal of Nursing, 24(21), pp. 1074-1078.</p><p>Economic News. (March 2014). Oman working to support SME growth. Oxford Business Group. Country Report: Oman.</p><p>Edelman, LF, Brush, CG, Manolova, TS and Greene, PG. (2010). Start up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48 (2): 174-196.</p><p>Eggers, F, Hansen, DJ and Davis AE. (2012). Examining the relationship between customer and entrepreneurial orientation on nascent firms marketing strategy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8: 203-222.</p><p>Eggers, F., Kraus, S., Hughes, M., Laraway, S., & Snycerski, S. (2013). Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth. Management Decision, 51(3), 524-546.</p><p>Ekwere, N. (2016). Framework of effective risk management in small and medium enterprises (SMEs): a literature review. Bina Ekonomi, Volume 20, Nomor 1: 23-45.</p><p>El-Gohary, H. (2010). E-Marketing-A literature Review from a Small Businesses perspective. International journal of business and social science, 1(1).</p><p>Emerson, R. W. (2015). Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling: How does sampling affect the validity of research?, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 109(2), pp. 164-168.</p><p>EMG Worldwide. (2016). Growing sustainable SMEs in the MENA. EMG Group.</p><p>Eniola, A. A. and Entebang, H. (2015). SME firm performance-financial innovation and challenges, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, pp. 334-342.</p><p>Ennis, CA. (2014). Between trend and necessity: top-down entrepreneurship promotion in Oman and Qatar. Hartford Seminary. The Muslim World: 116-138. DOI: 10.1111/muwo.12083.</p><p>Ensari, MS and Karabay, ME. (2014). What helps to make SMEs successful in global markets? Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences, 150: 192-201. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.030.</p><p>Fadda, N. (2018). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions on performance in the tourism sector. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 21(1), 2244. </p><p>Fadun, O. S. (2013). Risk management and risk management failure: Lessons for business enterprises. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 225.</p><p>Falkner, E. M., & Hiebl, M. R. (2015). Risk management in SMEs: a systematic review of available evidence. The Journal of Risk Finance, 16(2), 122-144.</p><p>Fera, M., & Macchiaroli, R. (2010). Appraisal of a new risk assessment model for SME. Safety science, 48(10), 1361-1368.</p><p>Fetene, A. (2017). Factors affecting business performance of small and medium size enterprise (SMEs) in Addis Ababa: (In Case of Nifas Silk-Lafeto Sub-City). St. Marys University http://www.repository.smuc.edu.et/handle/123456789/3292.</p><p>Fink, A. (2015). How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide. Sage Publications.</p><p>Fletcher, A. J. (2017). Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), pp. 181-194.</p><p>Foreign Direct Investment Regulation (2019). Annual report. Central Bank of Oman. https://cbo.gov.om/sites/assets/Documents/English/Publications/AnnualReports/AnnualReport2019English.pdf</p><p>Frigo, M. L., & Anderson, R. J. (2011). Strategic risk management: A foundation for improving enterprise risk management and governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 22(3), 81-88.</p><p>Gallagher, K. P., & Coleman Gallagher, V. (2012). Organizing for post-implementation ERP: A contingency theory perspective. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 25(2), 170-185.</p><p>Gao, S. S., Sung, M. C., & Zhang, J. (2013). Risk management capability building in SMEs: A social capital perspective. International Small Business Journal, 31(6), 677-700.</p><p>Ghouse, S., McElwee, G., Meaton, J., & Durrah, O. (2017). Barriers to rural women entrepreneurs in Oman. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.</p><p>GICS. (2019). The global industry classification standard (GICS). MSCI. Available online: https://www.msci.com/gics.</p><p>Glaser, L., Stam, W. and Takeuchi, R. (2016). Managing the risks of proactivity: A multilevel study of initiative and performance in the middle management context, Academy of Management Journal, 59(4), pp. 1339-1360.</p><p>Gupta, V. K., & Batra, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in Indian SMEs: Universal and contingency perspectives. International Small Business Journal, 34(5), 660-682.</p><p>Gyanwali, S., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Application of Entrepreneurial Marketing in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in Dhaulagiri, Nepal. Open Journal of Business and Management, 7(02), 693.</p><p>Haddara, M., & Zach, O. (2012). ERP systems in SMEs: An extended literature review. International Journal of Information Science, 2(6), 106-116.</p><p>Hess, M. F. and Cottrell, J. H. (2016). Fraud risk management: A small business perspective, Business Horizons, 59(1), pp. 13-18.</p><p>Hillson, D. and Murray-Webster, R. (2017). Understanding and Managing Risk Attitude. Routledge.</p><p>Holcomb, Z. C. (2016). Fundamentals of Descriptive Statistics. Routledge.</p><p>Holliman, G., & Rowley, J. (2014). Business to business digital content marketing: marketers perceptions of best practice. Journal of research in interactive marketing, 8(4), 269-293.</p><p>Hoyt, R. E., & Liebenberg, A. P. (2011). The value of enterprise risk management. Journal of risk and insurance, 78(4), 795-822.</p><p>Hussain, JG, Scott, JM and Hannon, PD. (2008). The new generation: characteristics and motivations of BME graduate entrepreneurs. Education and Training, 50 (7): 582-596.</p><p>Hutchings, K., Lirio, P., & Metcalfe, B. D. (2012). Gender, globalisation and development: a re-evaluation of the nature of women's global work. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(9), 1763-1787.</p><p>Ibrahim, OA, Devesh, S and Ubaidullah, V. (2017). Implication of attitude of graduate students in Oman towards entrepreneurship: an empirical study. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-017-0066-2.</p><p>ILO. (2019). Industries and sectors. International Labour Organization. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/global/industries-and-sectors/lang--en/index.htm.</p><p>Invernizzi, A. C., Menozzi, A., Passarani, D. A., Patton, D., & Viglia, G. (2017). Entrepreneurial overconfidence and its impact upon performance. International Small Business Journal, 35(6), 709-728.</p><p>Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Presentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs.</p><p>Johansson, A. and Vinthagen, S. (2016). Dimensions of everyday resistance: An analytical framework, Critical Sociology, 42(3), pp. 417-435.</p><p>K. J. Johnson and R. E. Synovec (2022), Pattern recognition of jet fuels: comprehensive GC GC with ANOVA-based feature selection and principal component analysis, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 225237</p><p>Kaur, N., Figueiredo, S., Bouchard, V., Moriello, C. and Mayo, N. (2017). Where have all the pilot studies gone? A follow-up on 30 years of pilot studies in clinical rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation, 31(9), pp. 1238-1248.</p><p>Kehinde, A, Opeyemi, A, Benjamin, A, Adedayo, O and Abel, OA. (2017). Enterprise risk management and the survival of small scale businesses in Nigeria. International Journal of Accounting Research, Volume 5, Number 2. DOI: 10.4172/2472-114X.1000165.</p><p>Khan, F. R., Hatami, Y., Sasidharan, A., & Al-Roshdi, S. (2017). Investigative Study of Preferred Social Media Marketing in Safeer Mall, Sohar, Oman. Humanities & Social Science Reviews, 5(1), 53-63.</p><p>Khan, G. M., & Almoharby, D. (2007). Towards enhancing entrepreneurship development in Oman. Journal of enterprising culture, 15(04), 371-392.</p><p>Khan, G. M., & Almoharby, D. (2007). Towards enhancing entrepreneurship development in Oman. Journal of enterprising culture, 15(04), 371-392.</p><p>Khanka, SS. (2009). Motivational orientation of Assamese entrepreneurs in the SME sector. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18 (2): 209.</p><p>Kim, J. N., Park, S., Krishna, A. and Martino, V. (2015). Risk Management through Employees: Testing Employees Voluntary Scouting and Corporate Readiness for Cyber Risks, in Public Relations as Relationship Management (pp. 231-246). Routledge.</p><p>Kongolo, M. (2010). Job creation versus job shedding and the role of SMEs in economic development. African journal of business management, 4(11), 2288-2295.</p><p>Kothanet, L. (2018). SMEs set to play key role in Omans GDP. Oman Daily Observer, 23rd July, 2018. Available online : http://www.omanobserver.om/smes-set-to-play-key-role-in-omans-gdp/.</p><p>Kozubkov, L., Bels, J., Bilan, Y., & Barto, P. (2015). Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs in the context of perception and management of business risk in the SME segment. Economics and Sociology.</p><p>Kucuk, S. U. (2011). Towards integrated e-marketing value creation process. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 12(4), 345-363.</p><p>Kumar, A., Shrivastava, S. M., Jain, N. K., & Patel, P. (2015). Identification of occupational diseases, health risk, hazard and injuries among the workers engaged in thermal, power plant. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 149-156.</p><p>Kutty (2017, October 18). GDP from SMEs set to double by 2020. Oman Daily Observer. https://www.omanobserver.om/article/70689/Local/gdp-from-smes-set-to-double-by-2020</p><p>Lam, J. (2014). Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Health Promotion Practice, 16(4), pp. 473-475.</p><p>Liao, Y., & Barnes, J. (2015). Knowledge acquisition and product innovation flexibility in SMEs. Business Process Management Journal, 21(6), 1257-1278.</p><p>Liu, G., &Ko, W. W. (2011). An analysis of cause-related marketing implementation strategies through social alliance: Partnership conditions and strategic objectives. Journal of business ethics, 100(2), 253-281.</p><p>Love, J. H., Roper, S., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Experience, age and exporting performance in UK SMEs. International Business Review, 25(4), 806-819.</p><p>Magd, H. A., & McCoy, M. P. (2014). Entrepreneurship in Oman: Paving the way for a sustainable future. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 16321640. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00634-0</p><p>Malhotra, R., & Temponi, C. (2010). Critical decisions for ERP integration: Small business issues. International Journal of Information Management, 30(1), 28-37.</p><p>Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J.T. (2008), "Global supply chain risk management strategies", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 192-223.</p><p>Massingham, P. (2010). Knowledge risk management: a framework. Journal of knowledge management.</p><p>Matriano, M. T. (2019). Discovery Driven Innovation: The Case of Oman Entrepreneurship. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(6), 22-27.</p><p>Matriano, M. T., & Suguku, D. (2015, 8-10 June 2015). Entrepreneurship Growth in Oman: Position, Prospects and Growth of Entrepreneurial Education. Paper presented at the International E-Journal of Advances in Education</p><p>Matsoso, M. L.,& Benedict, O.H. (2016). Financial Performance Measures of Small Medium Enterprises in the 21st Century. Journal of Economics, 7(2,3): 144-160</p><p>Maxwell, J. A. (2016). Expanding the history and range of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(1), 1227.https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815571132</p><p>Mayoh, J., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2015). Toward a conceptualization of mixed methods phenomenological research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 91107.</p><p>Mazzarol, T. (2015). SMEs engagement with e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing, Small Enterprise Research, 22(1), pp. 79-90.</p><p>Mazzarol, T. (2015). SMEs engagement with e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing. Small enterprise research, 22(1), 79-90.</p><p>McCusker, K., & Gunaydin, S. (2015). Research Using Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed Methods and Choice Based on the Research. Perfusion, 30, 537-542.</p><p>McNabb, D. E. (2015). Research Methods for Political Science: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods. Routledge.</p><p>Menard, S. (1995). Applied logistic regression analysis. Sage University paper series on quantitative applications in the social sciences, 07-106. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p>Meng, Z., Zhang, D., Li, G. and Yu, B. (2019). An importance learning method for non-probabilistic reliability analysis and optimization, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 59(4), pp. 1255-1271.</p><p>Mihelic, K. K., Pearce, A., & Zupan, N. (2021). Evolving the Narrative of Managing Young Talent in SMEs. Economic and Business Review, 23(2), 68-71.</p><p>Mishina, Y., Dykes, B. J., Block, E. S., & Pollock, T. G. (2010). Why good firms do bad things: The effects of high aspirations, high expectations, and prominence on the incidence of corporate illegality. Academy of Management Journal, 53(4), 701-722.</p><p>Mishra, S. and Modi, S. B. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder wealth: The role of marketing capability, Journal of Marketing, 80(1), pp. 26-46.</p><p>Mohammad, M. I. A. (2014). The role of government economic programmes in developing small and medium enterprises in the Sultanate of Oman (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).</p><p>Moore, S. B., & Manring, S. L. (2009). Strategy development in small and medium sized enterprises for sustainability and increased value creation. Journal of cleaner production, 17(2), 276-282.</p><p>Morris, M. H., Schindehutte, M. & LaForge, R. W. (2002). Entrepreneurial marketing: a construct for integrating emerging entrepreneurship and marketing perspectives. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4), pp. 1-19.</p><p>Muhammad, M. Z., Char, A. K., bin Yasoa, M. R., & Hassan, Z. (2010). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competing in the global business environment: A case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(1), 66.</p><p>Myers, R. (1990). Classical and modern regression with applications (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Duxbury</p><p>Nadeem, M. E., & Khalil, B. (2014). A review of risk management theory in commercial and Islamic banks. International Journal of Management and Organization Studies, 3(4).</p><p>Naldi, L., Nordqvist, M., Sjberg, K., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation, risk taking, and performance in family firms. Family business review, 20(1), 33-47.</p><p>Nardi, P. M. (2018). Doing Survey Research: A Guide to Quantitative Methods. Routledge.</p><p>Ndiaye, N, Razak, LA, Nagayev, R and Ng, A. (2018). Demystifying small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in emerging and developing economies. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18-4: 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2018.04.003.</p><p>Neagu,O.,Ardelean,D. & Lazar,V.(2017).How is environmental performance associated with economic growth? A world cross-country analysis. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Arad Economics Series,27(3) 15-32</p><p>Neiger, D., Churilov, L., zur Muehlen, M., & Rosemann, M. (2006, June). Integrating risks in business process models with value focused process engineering. In ECIS (pp. 1606-1615).</p><p>Niesen, T., Houy, C., Fettke, P., & Loos, P. (2016, January). Towards an integrative big data analysis framework for data-driven risk management in industry 4.0. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 5065-5074). IEEE.</p><p>Noble, H. and Smith, J. (2015). Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research, Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(2), pp. 34-35.</p><p>Nusair, S. A. (2016). The effects of oil price shocks on the economies of the Gulf Co-operation Council countries: Nonlinear analysis. Energy Policy, 91, 256-267.</p><p>Ocloo, C. E., Akaba, S., & Worwui-Brown, D. K. (2014). Globalization and competitiveness: Challenges of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Accra, Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(4).</p><p>O'dwyer, M., Gilmore, A., & Carson, D. (2009). Innovative marketing in SMEs. European Journal of Marketing.</p><p>OECD. (2018). Strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurship for productivity and inclusive growth. OECD Key Issues Paper, SME Ministerial Conference, 22-23 February, 2018, Mexico City.</p><p>Offiong, A., Udoka, C. O., & Bassey, J. G. (2019). Financial Risk and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(4).</p><p>Oman Daily Observer. (2019). What do we want from small and medium enterprises? PressReader, 2nd January, 2019. Available online: https://www.pressreader.com/.</p><p>Omotayo, F. O. (2015). Knowledge Management as an important tool in Organisational Management: A Review of Literature. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1(2015), 1-23.</p><p>ONA. (2022). Number of SMEs registered in Oman rises by 46.8% to 81,460. Time of Oman. https://timesofoman.com/article/120516-number-of-smes-registered-in-oman-rises-by-468-to-81460</p><p>ONA. (February 2019). More than 5,400 SMEs registered in Oman. Times of Oman.</p><p>Ongori, H., & Migiro, S. O. (2010). Information and communication technologies adoption in SMEs: literature review. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 93-104.</p><p>Orsmond, G. I. and Cohn, E. S. (2015). The distinctive features of a feasibility study: objectives and guiding questions, Occupation, Participation and Health, 35(3), pp. 169-177.</p><p>Osman, I., & Galang, M. C. (2011). Are human resource departments really important? An empirical study on Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Service Sector. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 147.</p><p>Otero-Neira, C., Arias, M. J. F., & Lindman, M. T. (2013). Market orientation and entrepreneurial proclivity: Antecedents of innovation. Global Business Review, 14(3), 385-395.</p><p>Pandis, N. (2016). Analysis of covariance. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 150(1), 200-201.</p><p>Pantano, E. (2014). Innovation drivers in retail industry. International Journal of Information Management, 34(3), 344-350.</p><p>Parvaiz, G. S., Mufti, O. and Wahab, M. (2016). Pragmatism for mixed method research at higher education level, Business & Economic Review, 8(2), pp. 67-79.</p><p>Patten, M. L. and Newhart, M. (2017). Understanding Research Methods: An Overview of the Essentials. Routledge.</p><p>Pentina, I., Koh, A. C., & Le, T. T. (2012). Adoption of social networks marketing by SMEs: exploring the role of social influences and experience in technology acceptance. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 7(1), 65-82.</p><p>Perrott, B. E. (2007). A strategic risk approach to knowledge management. Business Horizons, 50(6), 523-533.</p><p>Petersen, J. A., Kushwaha, T., & Kumar, V. (2015). Marketing communication strategies and consumer financial decision making: The role of national culture. Journal of Marketing, 79(1), 44-63.</p><p>Pratono, A. H. (2016). Strategic orientation and information technological turbulence: Contingency perspective in SMEs. Business Process Management Journal, 22(2), 368-382.</p><p>Pria, S. (2018). Bridging the Academia-Industry gap in the changing economic scenario: Perspectives on Quality, Skill sets and Training in Oman. IOJPH-International open Journal of Business & Management Science, 1(1), 01-13.</p><p>Pulka, B. M., Ramli, A. B. and Bakar, M. S. (2018). Marketing capabilities, resources acquisition capabilities, risk management capabilities, opportunity recognition capabilities and SMEs performance: A proposed framework, Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), pp. 12-22.</p><p>Purdy, G. (2010). ISO 31000: 2009setting a new standard for risk management. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 30(6), 881-886.</p><p>Rajasekar, J., & Al Raee, M. (2013). An analysis of the telecommunication industry in the Sultanate of Oman using Michael Porter's competitive strategy model. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 23(3), 234-259.</p><p>Reason, J. (2016). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge.</p><p>Riley, J. M., Klein, R., Miller, J. and Sridharan, V. (2016). How internal integration, information sharing, and training affect supply chain risk management capabilities, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 46(10), pp. 953-980.</p><p>Riordan, E. M., Dadush, U., Jalali, J., Streifel, S., Brahmbhatt, M., & Takagaki, K. (1998). The World Economy and its Implications for the Middle East and North Africa, 19952010. In Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies (pp. 15-46). Palgrave Macmillan, London.</p><p>Rocha, R, Farazi, S, Khouri, R and Pearce, D. (2010). The status of bank lending to SMEs in the Middle East and North Africa region: the results of the joint survey of the union of Arab banks and the world bank. World Bank Project.</p><p>Sadgrove, K. (2016). The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge.</p><p>Said, A. (2013). Risks and efficiency in the Islamic banking systems: the case of selected Islamic banks in MENA region. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(1), 66-73.</p><p>Saleem, Q. (2017n.d.). Oovercoming constraints to SME development in MENA countries and enhancing access to finance. IFC Advisory Services in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank Group.</p><p>Sanchez, B, Ruiz, M and Perez, G. (2008). Analyzing the impact of entrepreneurs economic motivations on new firms growth using a longitudinal empirical analysis. 2008 International Council for Small Business World Conference.</p><p>Sarrayrih, M. A., & Sriram, B. (2015). Major challenges in developing a successful e-government: A review on the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 27(2), 230-235.</p><p>Satpathy, S, Nagajyothi, ML and Sailajarani, P. (2017). An empirical study of HRM strategies to meet the challenges of current business scenario: a review of Indian MSME. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, Volume 3, Issue 4.</p><p>Scheyvens, R., Banks, G., & Hughes, E. (2016). The private sector and the SDGs: The need to move beyond business as usual. Sustainable Development, 24(6), 371-382.</p><p>Schubert, R. (2006). Analyzing and managing riskson the importance of gender differences in risk attitudes. Managerial Finance.</p><p>Shannon-Baker, P. (2016). Making Paradigms Meaningful in Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(4), 319334.</p><p>Smit, Y., & Watkins, J. A. (2012). A literature review of small and medium enterprises (SME) risk management practices in South Africa. African journal of business management, 6(21), 6324.</p><p>Smolarski, J and Kut, C. (2011). The impact of venture capital financing method on SME performance and internationalization. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1): 39.</p><p>Sodhi, M. S., Son, B. G., & Tang, C. S. (2012). Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management. Production and operations management, 21(1), 1-13.</p><p>Sok, P., OCass, A., & Sok, K. M. (2013). Achieving superior SME performance: Overarching role of marketing, innovation, and learning capabilities. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(3), 161-167.</p><p>Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769.</p><p>Stefanovic, I, Prokic, S and Rankovic, L. (2010). Motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs: the evidence from a developing country. Zbornik Radova Ekonomski Fakultet u Rijeka, 28 (2): 251-269.Strm, R., Vendel, M., & Bredican, J. (2014). Mobile marketing: A literature review on its value for consumers and retailers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(6), 1001-1012.</p><p>Sulistyo, H. (2016). Innovation capability of SMEs through entrepreneurship, marketing capability, relational capital and empowerment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), 196-203.</p><p>Tang, O., & Musa, S. N. (2011). Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management. International journal of production economics, 133(1), 25-34.</p><p>Teece, D., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.</p><p>Tehrani, S. R., & Shirazi, F. (2014, June). Factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing by small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). In International Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information (pp. 631-642). Springer, Cham.</p><p>The World Bank Group. (2019). Small and medium enterprises finance. The World Bank, IBRD, IDA. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/smefinance.</p><p>Times News Service (2017). Oman Jobs: Pact signed to create 1,878 jobs for Omanis by 2020. Time of Oman. https://timesofoman.com/article/101544/Oman/Omanisation/oman-jobs-pact-signed-to-create-1878-jobs-for-omanis-by-2020</p><p>Times News Service. (February 2018). Over 32,000 SMEs registered in Oman. Times of Oman, 26th February, 2018. Available online: https://timesofoman.com/article/128937.</p><p>Times of Oman. (2019). More than 5,400 SMEs Registered in Oman. Retrieved from https://timesofoman.com/article/786732 [Accessed on 19 June 2019].</p><p>Tolbert, P. S., David, R. J., & Sine, W. D. (2011). Studying choice and change: The intersection of institutional theory and entrepreneurship research. Organization Science, 22(5), 1332-1344.</p><p>Treasury Department (2020), Coronavirus SME Guarantee Scheme - supporting the flow of credit. https://treasury.gov.au/coronavirus/sme-guarantee-scheme></p><p>Trimi, S., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2012). Business model innovation in entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(4), 449-465.</p><p>Trkman, P. (2010). The critical success factors of business process management. International journal of information management, 30(2), 125-134.</p><p>Van de Vrande, V., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Gassmann, O. (2010). Broadening the scope of open innovation: past research, current state and future directions.</p><p>Varotto, S. (2011). Liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk and bank capital. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 7(2), 134-152.</p><p>Verbano, C., & Venturini, K. (2013). Managing risks in SMEs: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of technology management & innovation, 8(3), 186-197.</p><p>Verbano, C., & Venturini, K. (2013). Managing risks in SMEs: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of technology management & innovation, 8(3), 186-197.</p><p>Vonortas, NS and Kim, Y. (2019). Managing risk in new entrepreneurial ventures. In Dynamics of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship: business strategy and public policy. Eds. Caloghirou, Y, Malerba, F, McKelvey, M Radosevic, S. Advancing Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Economic Growth and Social Wellbeing in Europe (AEGIS), 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, European Commission.</p><p>Walker, H., & Preuss, L. (2008). Fostering sustainability through sourcing from small businesses: public sector perspectives. Journal of cleaner production, 16(15), 1600-1609.</p><p>Wang, J. and Johnson, D. E. (2019). An Examination of Discrepancies in Multiple Imputation Procedures Between SAS and SPSS, The American Statistician, 73(1), pp. 80-88.</p><p>Watson, C., McCarthy, J., & Rowley, J. (2013). Consumer attitudes towards mobile marketing in the smart phone era. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 840-849.</p><p>Webster, B. (2019). Meeting the needs of local SMEs: a risk capital franchise model. PYXERA Global.</p><p>WEF. (2013). The travel & tourism competitiveness report 2013. Paper presented at the The World Economic Forum.</p><p>West, D. C., Ford, J., & Ibrahim, E. (2015). Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press, USA.</p><p>Williams, C. C., & Shahid, M. S. (2016). Informal entrepreneurship and institutional theory: Explaining the varying degrees of (in) formalization of entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(1-2), 1-25.</p><p>Williams, D. A. (2014). Resources and failure of SMEs: Another look. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 19(01), 1450007.</p><p>World Economic Forum. (2019). Employment trends. World Economic Forum. Available online: http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2016/employment-trends/.</p><p>World Trade Organization. (2016). Levelling the trading field for SMEs. World Trade Report 2016. WTO, Geneva, Switzerland.</p><p>Yan, R. (2010). Cooperative advertising, pricing strategy and firm performance in the e-marketing age. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(4), 510-519.</p><p>Yeboah, M. A. (2015). Determinants of SME Growth: An Empirical Perspective of SMES in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The Journal of Business in Developing Nations, 14, 1-31.</p><p>Zamberi Ahmad, S. (2014). Small and medium enterprises internationalisation and business strategy: some evidence from firms located in an emerging market. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 8(2), 168-186.</p><p>Zhou, K., Liu, T., & Zhou, L. (2015, August). Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges. In 2015 12th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD) (pp. 2147-2152). IEEE.</p><p></p><p></p>