Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor

Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor

<p>The growth of womens participation in the labour force raises the number of childcare</p><p>centres that compete relentlessly. To remain competitive, childcare centres need to</p><p>systematically assess childcare risks because...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nurul Adila Idris
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2022
Subjects:
HD Industries
Land use
Labor
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10586
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:10586
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic HD Industries
Land use
Labor
spellingShingle HD Industries
Land use
Labor
Nurul Adila Idris
Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
description <p>The growth of womens participation in the labour force raises the number of childcare</p><p>centres that compete relentlessly. To remain competitive, childcare centres need to</p><p>systematically assess childcare risks because a safe and healthy environment is vital in</p><p>parents childcare choices. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a risk assessment</p><p>matrix for childcare services through a modified Delphi technique that combines two</p><p>Delphi rounds with a focus group discussion. Twenty experts participated in the first</p><p>round of Delphi and eighteen continued to answers the second round of Delphi. Focus</p><p>group were held with six experts as a replacement of third round of Delphi. Twentytwo</p><p>childcare risks were assessed, and experts agreed that choking and drowning were</p><p>the most critical risks in terms of risk severity. Conversely, runny nose, flu and cough,</p><p>and lice infection had insignificant risk severity. For risk likelihood, experts agreed that</p><p>runny nose, flu and cough, skin changes, bleeding nose, fall, and collision with objects</p><p>were likely to occur. On the other hand, sexual or unintended assault, choked, burning</p><p>and self-harm rarely happened. The interview data revealed that experiences,</p><p>knowledge sharing, and common sense guided the caregivers in assessing risks in</p><p>childcare centre. In conclusion, this study has identified childcare risks contributing to</p><p>frequent and critical harm to children. Thus, childcare providers can develop an</p><p>effective preventive risk mitigation plan based on a risk assessment matrix to mitigate</p><p>risks in childcare environments. Moreover, adequate health and safety training relevant</p><p>to the respective risks are crucial so that caregivers are prepared for harmful incidents.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Nurul Adila Idris
author_facet Nurul Adila Idris
author_sort Nurul Adila Idris
title Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
title_short Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
title_full Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
title_fullStr Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
title_full_unstemmed Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor
title_sort developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in selangor
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
publishDate 2022
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10586
_version_ 1804890577218568192
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:105862024-07-10 Developing a risk assessment matrix towards better childcare services in Selangor 2022 Nurul Adila Idris HD Industries. Land use. Labor <p>The growth of womens participation in the labour force raises the number of childcare</p><p>centres that compete relentlessly. To remain competitive, childcare centres need to</p><p>systematically assess childcare risks because a safe and healthy environment is vital in</p><p>parents childcare choices. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a risk assessment</p><p>matrix for childcare services through a modified Delphi technique that combines two</p><p>Delphi rounds with a focus group discussion. Twenty experts participated in the first</p><p>round of Delphi and eighteen continued to answers the second round of Delphi. Focus</p><p>group were held with six experts as a replacement of third round of Delphi. Twentytwo</p><p>childcare risks were assessed, and experts agreed that choking and drowning were</p><p>the most critical risks in terms of risk severity. Conversely, runny nose, flu and cough,</p><p>and lice infection had insignificant risk severity. For risk likelihood, experts agreed that</p><p>runny nose, flu and cough, skin changes, bleeding nose, fall, and collision with objects</p><p>were likely to occur. On the other hand, sexual or unintended assault, choked, burning</p><p>and self-harm rarely happened. The interview data revealed that experiences,</p><p>knowledge sharing, and common sense guided the caregivers in assessing risks in</p><p>childcare centre. In conclusion, this study has identified childcare risks contributing to</p><p>frequent and critical harm to children. Thus, childcare providers can develop an</p><p>effective preventive risk mitigation plan based on a risk assessment matrix to mitigate</p><p>risks in childcare environments. Moreover, adequate health and safety training relevant</p><p>to the respective risks are crucial so that caregivers are prepared for harmful incidents.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10586 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=10586 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi <p>Akedor, U., Ita, E., Ati, B., Okon, V., & Adegbenro, M. (2019). Public Health Implication of Shared Toys Amongst Children Age 1-5 Years Attending Crech and Nursery Schools within the Cross River State Region. A Case Study in Calabar Metropolis. International Journal of Sciences, 8(01), 3742.</p><p></p><p>Al Anazi, R., Mureh, B., Al Sulimani, H., Al Arfaj, G., Habeeb, K., & Kofi, M. (2022). Impact of health education on maternal knowledge regarding choking prevention and first aid in children, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Age (Mean, SD), 5(1), 3540.</p><p></p><p>Alexandrino, A. S., Santos, R., Melo, C., & Bastos, J. M. (2016). Risk factors for respiratory infections among children attending day care centres. Family Practice, 33(2), 161166.</p><p></p><p>Alkhamis, K. N., & Abdulkader, R. S. (2020). Assessment of unintentional childhood injuries and associated factors in the pediatric clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 27(3), 168177. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_75_20</p><p></p><p>Alkon, A., Genevro, J. L., Tschann, J. M., Kaiser, P., Ragland, D. R., & Boyce, W. T. (1999). The epidemiology of injuries in 4 child care centers. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153(12), 12481254.</p><p></p><p>Alrimawi, I., Watson, M. C., Hall, C., & Saifan, A. R. (2019). Preventing unintentional injuries to children under 5 in their homes: Palestinian mothers perspectives. Sage Open, 9(1), 2158244018824483.</p><p></p><p>Amatya, N., Paudel, G., Saud, B., Wagle, S., Shrestha, V., & Adhikari, B. (2022). Prevalence of Moraxella Catarrhalis as a Nasal Flora among Healthy Kindergarten Children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 2022, 3989781. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3989781</p><p></p><p>Anderson, K. R., Ramos, W. D., & Schuman, J. T. (2021). The Role of Permission, Supervision, and Precipitating Events in Childhood Pool/Spa Submersion Incidents, United States, 20002017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8776.</p><p></p><p>Ansari, A., Pivnick, L. K., Gershoff, E. T., Crosnoe, R., & Orozco-Lapray, D. (2020). What do parents want from preschool? Perspectives of low-income Latino/a immigrant families. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 52, 3848.</p><p></p><p>Ariff, K. M., & Schattner, P. (1998). Domestic accidental injuries to children presenting at a rural general practice. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 53(1), 8286.</p><p></p><p>Aven, T. (2011). On the new ISO guide on risk management terminology. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 96(7), 719726.</p><p></p><p>Azhari, N. F. N., Qamaruzaman, N., Bajunid, A. F. I., & Hassan, A. (2015). The quality of physical environment in workplace childcare centers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 202, 1523.</p><p></p><p>Aziz, N. A. A., Zakaria, N. H., Hashim, E., Mohamad Rasli, R., Saari, E. M., Mustafa,</p><p></p><p>M. C., & Yassin, S. M. (2021). Issues in Operating Childcare Centers in Malaysia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 993 1000.</p><p></p><p>Azmani, S., Effendy, N. M., Abu, I. F., Addnan, F. H., Rashid, M. R. A., Isahak, C. I., & Juliana, N. (2019). The Knowledge, Attitude And Confidence On First Aid Response Among Childcare Providers Following FAT4CP Training In Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.</p><p></p><p>Beasley, D. E., Monsur, M., Hu, J., Dunn, R. R., & Madden, A. A. (2022). The bacterial community of childcare centers: potential implications for microbial dispersal and child exposure. Environmental Microbiome, 17(1), 113.</p><p></p><p>Bhattacharya, S., Juyal, R., Hossain, M. M., & Singh, A. (2020). Non-communicable diseases viewed as collateral damage of our decisions: Fixing accountabilities and finding sloutions in primary care settings. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(5), 21762179. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_202_20</p><p></p><p>Chegini, F. M., Baghani, A. N., Hassanvand, M. S., Sorooshian, A., Golbaz, S., Bakhtiari, R., Ashouri, A., Joubani, M. N., & Alimohammadi, M. (2020). Indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial and fungal air quality in kindergartens: Seasonal distribution, genera, levels, and factors influencing their concentration. Building and Environment, 175, 106690.</p><p></p><p>Chua, A. Y. K., & Banerjee, S. (2018). Intentions to trust and share online health rumors: An experiment with medical professionals. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 19.</p><p></p><p>Collier, P. M., & Agyei-Ampomah, S. (2008). Management Accounting: Risk and Control Strategy. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Connolly, M., & Haughton, C. (2017). The perception, management and performance of risk amongst Forest School educators. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 38(2), 105124.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Crowley, A. A., Jeon, S., & Rosenthal, M. S. (2013). Health and safety of child care centers: an analysis of licensing specialists reports of routine, unannounced inspections. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), e52e58. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301298</p><p></p><p>Currie, J., & Hotz, V. J. (2004). Accidents will happen? Unintentional childhood injuries and the effects of child care regulations. Journal of Health Economics, 23(1), 2559.</p><p></p><p>Czumbel, I., Quinten, C., Lopalco, P., Semenza, J. C., Tozzi, A. E., Weil-Oliver, C., Nichols, G., Nkleby, H., Brumboiu, I., Verheijen, J., Segura del Pozo, J., Kojouharova, M., Szilgyi, E., Pertel, T., & group, T. E. expert panel working. (2018). Management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other child care settings: systematic review on the incubation period and period of infectiousness. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 199.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3095-8</p><p></p><p>Dallat, C., Goode, N., & Salmon, P. M. (2018). Shell be right. Or will she? Practitioner perspectives on risk assessment for led outdoor activities in Australia. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 18(2), 115 131.</p><p></p><p>Day, J., & Bobeva, M. (2005). A generic toolkit for the successful management of Delphi studies. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 3(2), pp103- 116.</p><p></p><p>Davidson, A. M., Burns, S., Hampton, D., White, L., & Perlman, M. (2021). Policy frameworks and parental choice: Using conjoint analysis to understand parental decision making for child care. Journal of Family Issues, 0192513X211022386.</p><p></p><p>Davis, C. S., Godfrey, S. E., & Rankin, K. M. (2013). Unintentional injury in early childhood: Its relationship with childcare setting and provider. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(9), 15411549.</p><p></p><p>Demirbag, M., & Kilinc, A. (2018). Preservice teachers risk perceptions and willingness to use educational technologies: a belief system approach. Journal of Education and Future, 14, 1530.</p><p></p><p>Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020). Women Participation in Economy. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/6_Newsletter/Newsletter 2020/DOSM_BPPA_2-2020_Siri-37.pdf</p><p></p><p>Department of Social Welfare Statistics Report (2020). Taman Asuhan Kanak-Kanak (TASKA) / Childcare Centre. https://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/Bahagian%20Pengurusan/Laporan</p><p>%20Statistik%20JKM%202020_.pdf</p><p></p><p>Ericson, R. V. (2006). Ten Uncertainties of Risk-Management Approaches to Security.</p><p>Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48(3), 345-357.</p><p></p><p>Ezzati, M., Pearson-Stuttard, J., Bennett, J. E., & Mathers, C. D. (2018). Acting on non- communicable diseases in low- and middle-income tropical countries. Nature, 559(7715), 507516. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0306-9</p><p></p><p>Fairchok, M. P., Martin, E. T., Chambers, S., Kuypers, J., Behrens, M., Braun, L. E., & Englund, J. A. (2010). Epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections in a prospective cohort of infants and toddlers attending daycare. Journal of Clinical Virology, 49(1), 1620.</p><p></p><p>Garzon, D. L. (2005). Contributing factors to preschool unintentional injury. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 20(6), 441447.</p><p></p><p>Hackman, N. M., Cass, K., & Olympia, R. P. (2012). Compliance of Middle School Aged Babysitters in Central Pennsylvania With National Recommendations for Emergency Preparedness and Safety Practices. Clinical Pediatrics, 51(6), 574 583.</p><p></p><p>Hanafin, S. (2016). Regulators views of quality in early childhood care and education settings in Ireland. Child Care in Practice, 22(2), 183196.</p><p></p><p>Hinchion, S., McAuliffe, E., & Lynch, H. (2021). Fraught with frights or full of fun: perspectives of risky play among six-to-eight-year olds. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(5), 696714.</p><p></p><p>Hirschman, C. (2016). Gender, the status of women, and family structure in Malaysia.</p><p>Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 53(1), 3350.</p><p></p><p>Hogan, C. M., Weaver, N. L., Cioni, C., Fry, J., Hamilton, A., & Thompson, S. (2018). Parental perceptions, risks, and incidence of pediatric unintentional injuries. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 44(3), 267273.</p><p></p><p>Hopkin, P. (2018). Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Hutton, R., Seplveda, M.-J., & National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, E. (2019). The Effects of Summertime Experiences on Childrens Development. In Shaping Summertime Experiences: Opportunities to Promote Healthy Development and Well-Being for Children and Youth. National Academies Press (US).</p><p></p><p>ILOStat. (2020). Female labour force participation rate: September 2020. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS?end=2020&location s=MY&start=1990&view=chart</p><p></p><p>Intraratsamee, J., Ratanasiri, A., & Kanato, M. (2012). The incidence of accidents in child care centers of the local government organizations. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 95(8), 10981104.</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin, A. N. S. J., Oxley, J. A., & Fatt, Q. K. (2018). Trends of Pediatric Injuries Amongst 5-Year-Olds Present-ed in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. 5(1), 1928.</p><p></p><p>Jelleyman, C., McPhee, J., Brussoni, M., Bundy, A., & Duncan, S. (2019). A cross- sectional description of parental perceptions and practices related to risky play and independent mobility in children: The New Zealand state of play survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 262.</p><p></p><p>Kelly, K., Leventhal, H., Andrykowski, M., Toppmeyer, D., Much, J., Dermody, J., ... & Schwalb, M. (2005). Using the common sense model to understand perceived cancer risk in individuals testing for BRCA1/2 mutations. Psycho-Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 14(1), 34-48.</p><p></p><p>Koester, B. D., Sloane, S., Fujimoto, E. M., Fiese, B. H., & Su, L. Y.-F. (2021). What Do Childcare Providers Know about Environmental Influences on Childrens Health? Implications for Environmental Health Literacy Efforts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5489.</p><p></p><p>Lee, E. J., & Bass, C. (1990). Survey of accidents in a university day-care center.</p><p>Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 4(1), 1823.</p><p></p><p>Li, F., Jiang, F., Jin, X., Qiu, Y., & Shen, X. (2012). Pediatric first aid knowledge and attitudes among staff in the preschools of Shanghai, China. BMC Pediatrics, 12(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-121</p><p></p><p>Limtrakul, D., Ongprasert, K., Ayood, P., Sapbamrer, R., & Siviroj, P. (2020). A comparison of child development, growth and illness in home-care and day-care center settings. Journal of Health Research, 34(6), 523534.</p><p></p><p>Lorenzoni, G., Lanera, C., Azzolina, D., Baldas, S., Messi, G., & Gregori, D. (2021). Assessing school-based intervention strategies to foster the prevention of choking injuries in children: The results of the CHOP (CHOking Prevention) trial. Health & Social Care in the Community, 29(6), 18581867.</p><p></p><p>Loux, T., Mansuri, F., Brooks, S. E., Slye, N., Lewis, B., Lu, Y., Chen, H., & Kip, K. E. (2021). Factors associated with pediatric drowning admissions and outcomes at a trauma center, 20102017. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 39, 8691.</p><p></p><p>Maalim Issack, A., Jiru, T., & Wubetie Aniley, A. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on first aid management of choking and associated factors among kindergarten teachers in Addis Ababa governmental schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institution-based study. Plos One, 16(7), e0255331.</p><p></p><p>Malaysia Ministry of Housing and Local Government. (2017). Guidelines for Planning and Establishment of Kindergarten and Nurseries 2017.</p><p></p><p>Malik, A., Shaharudin, R., Abd Razak, A., Mat Nawi, M. R., Mohamad, M. F., & Shaikh Salim, S. A. Z. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors for respiratory symptoms among children at child care centers in Malaysia. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 27(2), 129138.</p><p></p><p>Malovic, M., & Malovic, S. (2017). Parents perspective on the quality of kindergarten.</p><p>Research in Pedagogy, 7(2), 200220.</p><p></p><p>Mansor, N. N. H., & Ahmad, A. (2021). Knowledge and prevention practices of hand, foot and mouth disease among parents and caregivers in Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 21(1), 29- 36.</p><p></p><p>Mohamad, W. M. Z. W., Ismail, N. A., & Fuzi, N. M. H. M. (2021). Risk factors of hand, foot and mount disease (HFMD) outbreak cases among children under five years old in north eastern state of Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 21(2), 315320.</p><p></p><p>Mohamed, N. A., Razi, N. A. M., Faroque, H., Farid, A. A. R. C. A., Rani, M. D. M., & Isahak, I. (2020). Hand Hygiene Awareness Among Childcare Providers. Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 4(2), 17-21.</p><p></p><p>Mohan, P., Mohan, S. B., & Dutta, M. (2019). Communicable or noncommunicable diseases? Building strong primary health care systems to address double burden of disease in India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(2), 326</p><p>329. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_67_19</p><p></p><p>Montana, A., Salerno, M., Feola, A., Asmundo, A., Di Nunno, N., Casella, F., Manno, E., Colosimo, F., Serra, R., & Di Mizio, G. (2020). Risk management and recommendations for the prevention of fatal foreign body aspiration: Four cases aged 1.5 to 3 years and mini-review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4700.</p><p></p><p>Morrongiello, B. A., Corbett, M., Bryant, L., & Cox, A. (2021). Understanding infants in-home injuries: Context and Correlates. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(9), 10251036.</p><p></p><p>Mouras, F., Badri, A., Macek, D., Magdalenic, I., Redep, N. B., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Li, H., Liang, N., & Terai, A. (2020). Survey of the Risk Management Methods, Techniques and Software Used Most Frequently in Occupational Health and Safety. Int. J. Saf. Secur. Eng, 10, 149160.</p><p></p><p>Murray, E. J., & Williams, P. H. (2020). Risk-tasking and Assessment in Toddlers During Nature Play:The Role of Family and Play Context. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 20(3), 259273. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2019.1660193</p><p></p><p>Mutalib, M. A., Saleh, N. S. S. N., & Masod, A. M. (2018). Quality Enhancement of Child Care Centres In Malaysia: An Analysis on Laws And Regulations. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 9(1), 2328.</p><p></p><p>Ngueutsa, R., & Kouabenan, D. R. (2017). Fatalistic beliefs, risk perception and traffic safe behaviors. European Review of Applied Psychology, 67(6), 307316.</p><p></p><p>Nikiforidou, Z. (2017). It is riskier: preschoolers reasoning of risky situations.</p><p>European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(4), 612623.</p><p></p><p>Paek, H.-J., & Hove, T. (2017). Risk perceptions and risk characteristics. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication.</p><p></p><p>Pascarella, G., Rossi, M., Montella, E., Capasso, A., De Feo, G., & Botti, G. (2021). Risk Analysis in Healthcare Organizations: Methodological Framework and Critical Variables. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 2897.</p><p></p><p>Power, M. (2004). The Risk Management of Everything: Rethinking the Politics of Uncertainty. London: Demos.</p><p></p><p>Prabhakaran, V. N., Borhan, R. B., & Rafdi, F. S. B. M. (2020). Suspected child abuse and neglect cases in a single tertiary hospital in Malaysia-a 5-year retrospective study. Med J Malaysia, 75(5), 549.</p><p></p><p>Rasid, S. N. A., & Abd Raof, N. (2021). Pelaksanaan pengurusan keselamatan, kesihatan dan nutrisi di TASKA terpilih negeri Terengganu. Jurnal Kesidang, 6(1), 184193.</p><p></p><p>Rentzou, K. (2013). Exploring parental preferences: care or education: what do Greek parents aspire from day care centres? Early Child Development and Care, 183(12), 19061923.</p><p></p><p>Ruiz-Casares, M., & Heymann, J. (2009). Children home alone unsupervised: modeling parental decisions and associated factors in Botswana, Mexico, and Vietnam. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(5), 312323.</p><p></p><p>Saleem, S., Burns, S., Davidson, A., Hampton, D., White, L., & Perlman, M. (2021). What Do Parents Want in Terms of Early Childhood Education and Care? Early Education and Development, 119.</p><p></p><p>Sando, O. J., Kleppe, R., & Sandseter, E. B. H. (2021). Risky play and childrens well- being, involvement and physical activity. Child Indicators Research, 14(4), 1435 1451.</p><p></p><p>Shope, T. R. (2014). Infectious diseases in early education and child care programs.</p><p>Pediatrics in Review, 35(5), 182193.</p><p></p><p>Sleet, D. A. (2018). The Global Challenge of Child Injury Prevention. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 15, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091921</p><p></p><p>Slovic, P. (1992). Perception of risk: Reflections on the psychometric paradigm. Suen,</p><p>L. K., & Cheung, J. P. (2020). Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene Fun Month for</p><p>Kindergarten Children: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197264</p><p></p><p>Sulaiman, Y. (2022). A New Model of Childcare Centres in Malaysia (UUM Press).</p><p>UUM Press.</p><p></p><p>Sulaiman, Y., Basri, N.A., Ismail, M.Y.S., & Arif, A. (2022). The Effects of Caregivers, Physical Facilities, Environment, and Food Safety on the Safety Assurance Level at Childcare Centres. Retrieved online 10.37394/232015.2022.18.37</p><p></p><p>Tomlinson, R., & Sainsbury, C. (2004). Childhood injury prevention advice: A survey of health professionals responses to common scenarios. Child: Care, Health and Development, 30(4), 301305.</p><p></p><p>Van Niekerka, A., & Mathewsb, S. (2019). Violence, injury and child safety: The new challenge for child health. Child and Adolescent Health, 114.</p><p></p><p>Vico, E. S. R., & Laurenti, R. (2004). Mortality among children enrolled in public day care centers in Brazil. Revista de Saude Publica, 38(1), 3844.</p><p></p><p>Wang, M., Liu, Y., Kang, L., He, C., Miao, L., Huang, J., He, X., Zhu, J., Liang, J., & Li, Q. (2020). Social and environmental risk factors for the accidental drowning of children under five in China. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 18.</p><p></p><p>Weng, X., Wang, R., Wang, X., Li, N., Yu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Epidemiological characteristics of communicable disease related public health emergencies in schools (child care settings) in China, 20142016. ...., 34(5), 446450.</p><p></p><p>White, L. A., Perlman, M., Davidson, A., & Rayment, E. (2019). Risk perception, regulation, and unlicensed child care: Lessons from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Risk Research, 22(7), 878896.</p><p></p><p>Williams, V. N., Ayele, R., Shimasaki, S., Tung, G. J., & Olds, D. (2019). Risk assessment practices among home visiting nurses and child protection caseworkers in Colorado, United States: A qualitative investigation. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(5), 13441352.</p><p></p><p>Wrigley, J., & Dreby, J. (2005). Fatalities and the organization of child care in the United States, 1985-2003. American Sociological Review, 70(5), 729757.</p><p></p><p></p>

Similar Items