Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the advantages of using a novel formulated probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract on immunocompromised New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into four groups; three group were induced with immunosuppressant drug (Azathioprin...

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Main Author:	Saleh, Imad Dawood
Format:	thesis
Language:	zsm
Published:	2018
Subjects:	QR Microbiology
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=3665
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spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:36652020-02-27 Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR) 2018 Saleh, Imad Dawood QR Microbiology The purpose of this study is to investigate the advantages of using a novel formulated probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract on immunocompromised New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into four groups; three group were induced with immunosuppressant drug (Azathioprine, at 500 mg/kg/day) and the forth group served as control. The first group of immunocompromised rabbits treated with the formulated probiotic, the second group with P. macrocarpa extract, while the third group without any treatment. The results were assessed through two different period of time; induction period (14 days) and treatment period (14 days). Results showed that Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of immunocompromised groups were decreased significantly (P0.05) during the induction period; -2.07 for the non-treated, -1.06 for treated with the probiotic, and -2.54 for the treated with P. macrocarpa extract, compared to control group (1.34). However, during the treatment period, the FCR continued decreased (insignificantly) within the non-treated group (as -8.99), but increased significantly in both probiotic treated group (0.70), and extract treated group (0.66), compared to control (1.49). The microbiological and immunological findings indicated that treatment with P. macrocarpa extract enhanced the rabbits to maintain significantly the full blood cells count (9.160.39x109) closer to normal levels of control group (9.680.30x109), in comparison to probiotic treated group (5.422.20x109) and non-treated group (3.200.59x109). The percentage of lymphocytes were decreased significantly in the extract treated group (32%), probiotic treated (25%), and non-treated (20%), compared to control group (66%). The histopathological findings declared critical changes occurred to the colon tissue of non-treated rabbits, including loss of regular mucosal folds, variable degrees of mucosal edema and congestion, submucosal hemorrhage, accumulative score of colon gross anatomy, and substantial serious lesions. Meanwhile, most of these histopathological changes were highly maintained in treated rabbits, either with P. macrocarpa extract or with the formulated probiotic. As a conclusion, the daily uptake of P. macrocarpa extract or the formulated probiotic could improve significantly (both specific and nonspecific) immune responses of immunocompromised rabbits, and maintain the damaged colon tissue (caused due to the immunosuppressant drug). The study implicates that the formulated probiotic and P. macrocarpa extract products can serve as supplements in reducing medical complications of domesticated animals or human patients under certain condition. 2018 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=3665 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=3665 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik N/A
institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection	UPSI Digital Repository
language	zsm
topic	QR Microbiology
spellingShingle	QR Microbiology Saleh, Imad Dawood Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
description	The purpose of this study is to investigate the advantages of using a novel formulated probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract on immunocompromised New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into four groups; three group were induced with immunosuppressant drug (Azathioprine, at 500 mg/kg/day) and the forth group served as control. The first group of immunocompromised rabbits treated with the formulated probiotic, the second group with P. macrocarpa extract, while the third group without any treatment. The results were assessed through two different period of time; induction period (14 days) and treatment period (14 days). Results showed that Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of immunocompromised groups were decreased significantly (P0.05) during the induction period; -2.07 for the non-treated, -1.06 for treated with the probiotic, and -2.54 for the treated with P. macrocarpa extract, compared to control group (1.34). However, during the treatment period, the FCR continued decreased (insignificantly) within the non-treated group (as -8.99), but increased significantly in both probiotic treated group (0.70), and extract treated group (0.66), compared to control (1.49). The microbiological and immunological findings indicated that treatment with P. macrocarpa extract enhanced the rabbits to maintain significantly the full blood cells count (9.160.39x109) closer to normal levels of control group (9.680.30x109), in comparison to probiotic treated group (5.422.20x109) and non-treated group (3.200.59x109). The percentage of lymphocytes were decreased significantly in the extract treated group (32%), probiotic treated (25%), and non-treated (20%), compared to control group (66%). The histopathological findings declared critical changes occurred to the colon tissue of non-treated rabbits, including loss of regular mucosal folds, variable degrees of mucosal edema and congestion, submucosal hemorrhage, accumulative score of colon gross anatomy, and substantial serious lesions. Meanwhile, most of these histopathological changes were highly maintained in treated rabbits, either with P. macrocarpa extract or with the formulated probiotic. As a conclusion, the daily uptake of P. macrocarpa extract or the formulated probiotic could improve significantly (both specific and nonspecific) immune responses of immunocompromised rabbits, and maintain the damaged colon tissue (caused due to the immunosuppressant drug). The study implicates that the formulated probiotic and P. macrocarpa extract products can serve as supplements in reducing medical complications of domesticated animals or human patients under certain condition.
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Saleh, Imad Dawood
author_facet	Saleh, Imad Dawood
author_sort	Saleh, Imad Dawood
title	Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
title_short	Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
title_full	Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
title_fullStr	Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)
title_sort	microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised new zealand white rabbits (ir)
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
publishDate	2018
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=3665
_version_	1747833093312479232

Microbial, immunological and histopathological studies on the effects of probiotic and Phaleria macrocarpo leaves extract in immunocompromised New Zealand white rabbits (IR)

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