Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery

The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet,is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity tosynthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependentmethods were used to :fin1:her...

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Main Author:	Hamidah Idris
Format:	thesis
Language:	eng
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5243
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institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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language	eng
topic	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering Hamidah Idris Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
description	The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet,is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity tosynthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependentmethods were used to :fin1:her our understanding of the extent ofactinobacterial diversity in Atacama Desert habitats. The culture-dependent studiesfocused on the selective isolation, screening and dereplication of actinobacteria from highaltitude soils from Cerro Chajnantor. Several strains, notably isolates designated H9 andH45, were found to produce new specialized metabolites. Isolate H45 synthesized sixnovel metabolites, lentzeosides A-F, some of which inhibited HIV-l integrase activity.Polyphasic taxonomic studies on isolates H45 and H9 showed that they represented newspecies of the genera Lentzea and Streptomyces, respectively; it is proposed that thesestrains be designated as Lentzea chajnantorensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces aridus sp.nov.. Additional isolates from sampling sites on Cerro Chajnantor were considered to benuclei of novel species of Actinomadura, Amycolatopsis, Cryptosporangium andPseudonocardia.A majority of the isolates produced bioactive co:mpounds that inlnbited the growthof one or rmre strains from a panel of six wild type microorganisms while those screenedagainst Bacillus subtilis reporter strains inhibited sporulation and cell envelope, cell wall,DNA and fatty acid synthesis.Initial culture- independent studies were carried out to establish the extent ofactinobacterial diversity in a range of hyper- and extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desertsoils. Community DNA extracted from soil collected from the sampling sites wassurveyed for actinobacteria by 454 pyrosequencing; rarefaction analyses indicated goodcoverage at rmst of the sites. The results revealed an amazing and unexpected taxonomicdiversity at the ranks of order, family and genus, much of it novel The total number ofgenera, for instance, is 328, of which around 40% could not be assigned to validlypublished genera. Rank abundancy profiles indicated that much of this diversity can beattnbuted to low abundancy taxa. Similar results were obtained from community DNAextracted from surface and subsurface soil samples collected at three different altitudeson Cerro Chajnantor. Actinobacterial community structure at these sampling sites wasinfluenced by altitude and sampling depth, as wen as several environmental variables thatincluded conductivity, pH, redox potential and organic matter content.It is evident from these studies that the Atacama Desert landscape abounds innovel actinobacterial taxa that synthesize a broad range of specialized metabolites thatcan be developed as drug leads.
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Hamidah Idris
author_facet	Hamidah Idris
author_sort	Hamidah Idris
title	Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
title_short	Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
title_full	Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
title_fullStr	Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
title_full_unstemmed	Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
title_sort	actinobacterial diversity in atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
publishDate	2016
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5243
_version_	1747833175236673536
spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:52432020-09-21 Actinobacterial diversity in Atacama desert habitats as a road map to biodiscovery 2016 Hamidah Idris TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet,is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity tosynthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependentmethods were used to :fin1:her our understanding of the extent ofactinobacterial diversity in Atacama Desert habitats. The culture-dependent studiesfocused on the selective isolation, screening and dereplication of actinobacteria from highaltitude soils from Cerro Chajnantor. Several strains, notably isolates designated H9 andH45, were found to produce new specialized metabolites. Isolate H45 synthesized sixnovel metabolites, lentzeosides A-F, some of which inhibited HIV-l integrase activity.Polyphasic taxonomic studies on isolates H45 and H9 showed that they represented newspecies of the genera Lentzea and Streptomyces, respectively; it is proposed that thesestrains be designated as Lentzea chajnantorensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces aridus sp.nov.. Additional isolates from sampling sites on Cerro Chajnantor were considered to benuclei of novel species of Actinomadura, Amycolatopsis, Cryptosporangium andPseudonocardia.A majority of the isolates produced bioactive co:mpounds that inlnbited the growthof one or rmre strains from a panel of six wild type microorganisms while those screenedagainst Bacillus subtilis reporter strains inhibited sporulation and cell envelope, cell wall,DNA and fatty acid synthesis.Initial culture- independent studies were carried out to establish the extent ofactinobacterial diversity in a range of hyper- and extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desertsoils. Community DNA extracted from soil collected from the sampling sites wassurveyed for actinobacteria by 454 pyrosequencing; rarefaction analyses indicated goodcoverage at rmst of the sites. The results revealed an amazing and unexpected taxonomicdiversity at the ranks of order, family and genus, much of it novel The total number ofgenera, for instance, is 328, of which around 40% could not be assigned to validlypublished genera. Rank abundancy profiles indicated that much of this diversity can beattnbuted to low abundancy taxa. Similar results were obtained from community DNAextracted from surface and subsurface soil samples collected at three different altitudeson Cerro Chajnantor. Actinobacterial community structure at these sampling sites wasinfluenced by altitude and sampling depth, as wen as several environmental variables thatincluded conductivity, pH, redox potential and organic matter content.It is evident from these studies that the Atacama Desert landscape abounds innovel actinobacterial taxa that synthesize a broad range of specialized metabolites thatcan be developed as drug leads. 2016 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5243 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5243 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik Abagana AY, Sun P, Liu C, Cao T, Zheng W, Zhao S, Xiang W, Wang X (2016) Actinomadura gamaensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil inGama, Chad. 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