Genetic variation, Phylogenetics and fruit quality characteristics of Physalis minima L. in Peninsular Malaysia
Physalis is a member of the Solanaceae family and it is abundantly found growing asweeds in Malaysia. This plant reported to have various antioxidants, antimicrobialsand anticancer compounds such as physalin Band F which have great potential fortumors treatment. However, due to its classification as...
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| Format: | thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
2017
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| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5623 |
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| Summary: | Physalis is a member of the Solanaceae family and it is abundantly found growing asweeds in Malaysia. This plant reported to have various antioxidants, antimicrobialsand anticancer compounds such as physalin Band F which have great potential fortumors treatment. However, due to its classification as weed, little attention is given.There is a lack of information on genetic variation and phylogenetic relationshipincluding genetics distance to the other member of Solanaceae family. A germplasmcollection consisted of 130 samples representing 19 accessions from 11 states ofPeninsular Malaysia was established. Physalis minima was found growing undervarious environmental conditions including at farm, plantation area (especially of oilpalm (Elaeis guineensis)), thus proving its high adaptability to a wide variety ofecological niches in Peninsular Malaysia.The genetic diversity of the germplasm collection was estimated using 42 qualitativeand quantitative morphological characteristics and eight ISSR molecular markers.Results indicate that high morphological and molecular variations existed betweenthe 19 accessions of P. minima collected. The 19 accessions of P. minima sharedsimilar qualitative characteristics. Results of analysis of variance revealed that therewere significant differences among the accessions for all the quantitativecharacteristics measured. The 19 accessions collected were grouped into five diverseclusters based on their morphological characteristics using UPGMA clusteringmethod. The dendrogram revealed that accessions 14 (B - 01) ,15 (B - 02) and 16 (B- 03) distinctly detached from other accessionsISSRs were found to be informative molecular markers for investigating geneticdiversity among the P. minima populations as indicated by the high Nei' s genediversity coefticient and Shannon's information index (0.28 and 0.31, respectively).Results showed that AG and CA microsatellite repeats exhibited high polymorphism.The relatively low coefficient of genetic differentiation obtained from the accessions(0.398) revealed that this plant is cross-pollinating plants.Accessions 14 (B - 01), 15 (B - 02) and 16 (B - 03) were found to be distinctlyseparated from all other accessions studied. The results were similar to thoserevealed by the cluster and PC A analyses based on morphological characteristics.Although similarity coefficients among the accessions studied obtained frommorphological characteristics and molecular markers were found not to be correlatedwith each other, both morphological and molecular characterizations revealed thataccessions 14 (B - 01) ,15 (B - 02) and 16 (B - 03) were distinctly different fromthe other accessions. This indicates major differences in morphology and genomecomposition between these populations and the other populations studied.Phylogenetic analysis was done for 13 samples from the 19 accessions by using 4regions of cpDNA and inter transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Result indicated that, itis easier to identify P. minima from similar family member by using ITS region sincecpDNA is maternally inherited and less variation occurred between sequences.However, the region rbcL on cpDNA region was able to separate P. minima from P.peruviana and other members of Solanaceae family. Phylogenetic study of P.minima by using ITS and combined ITS and cpDNA regions showed that B - 02 andB - 03, which come from accessions 15 (B - 02) and 16 (B - 03) were different fromother accessions with 0.03 number of nucleotide changes with 99 to 100% ofbootstrap value. Therefore, it can be concluded that these two accessions has somemutation in genomes, make them able to produce better agronomic performance.Accessions of B - 02 which has high performance and superior characteristics wasfurther study for phytochemical profiling and effects of storage on its fruits quality.n-Hexadecanoic acid (CI6H1202) and 2- Furancarboxaldehyde, 5- (hydroxymethyl)(C6H603) were major compounds that had been identified in the fruits, leaves androots ethanolic extract with percentage of quality more than 90. Results indicatedthat 98% of Physalis weight loss and firmness were affected by storage duration (r'=0.98) which were indicator of senescence. Discoloration of the fruit from greenishyellow to yellow orange occurred during storage where the value of C* and h?decreased. Storage duration longer than 6 days will increase the level of solublesolids concentration. However, the ascorbic acids, titratable acidity and pH level willdecrease. Result indicated that accessions 15 (B - 02) has high level of beneficialphytocomponents and the fresh fruits can be stored up to 3 days to obtain optimumpostharvest quality characteristics. |
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