Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen soal selidikPenilaian Kendiri Modal Insan dan Penilaian Kendiri Persekitaran Sekolah berdasarkanaktiviti kokurikulum yang telah dijalankan selama enam bulan terhadap murid lelaki dan perempuanberumur 13 tahun di negeri Per...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nor Haslan Nor Zaman
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5811
Tags: Add Tag
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:5811
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic GV Recreation Leisure
spellingShingle GV Recreation Leisure
Nor Haslan Nor Zaman
Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
description Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen soal selidikPenilaian Kendiri Modal Insan dan Penilaian Kendiri Persekitaran Sekolah berdasarkanaktiviti kokurikulum yang telah dijalankan selama enam bulan terhadap murid lelaki dan perempuanberumur 13 tahun di negeri Perak. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk pra eksperimental kaedahOne Group Pre Test-Post Test. Seramai 380 sampel kajian dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedahsampel perkadaran, melibatkan sepuluh buah sekolah yang mewakili lima daerah di negeriPerak. Analisis pair sample t-test menunjukkan min skor pasca keseluruhan modalinsan dan persekitaran sekolah lebih tinggi berbanding ujian pra. Analisis One-Way ANCOVA pulamenunjukkan perbezaan min skor modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah dalam skor pascaadalah signifikan dengan mengawal kesan kovariat berdasarkan jantina dan lokasi. ManakalaRegresi Berganda menunjukkan aspek dimensi sosial, dimensi pembinaan kendiri dan dimensifasiliti mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan dengan modal insan. Kesimpulannya, persekitaran sekolahdapat memberi pengaruh yang signifikan ke atas modal insan terhadap pelibatan murid-murid dalamaktiviti kokurikulum. Implikasi daripada kajian ini dapat menghasilkan instrumen sebagai alatpengujian, pengukuran dan penilaian bagi mengenalpasti prestasipencapaian modal insan.
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Nor Haslan Nor Zaman
author_facet Nor Haslan Nor Zaman
author_sort Nor Haslan Nor Zaman
title Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
title_short Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
title_full Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
title_fullStr Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
title_full_unstemmed Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak
title_sort instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri perak
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5811
_version_ 1747833229755285504
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:58112021-04-09 Instrumen penilaian kendiri modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum di negeri Perak 2021 Nor Haslan Nor Zaman GV Recreation Leisure Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen soal selidikPenilaian Kendiri Modal Insan dan Penilaian Kendiri Persekitaran Sekolah berdasarkanaktiviti kokurikulum yang telah dijalankan selama enam bulan terhadap murid lelaki dan perempuanberumur 13 tahun di negeri Perak. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk pra eksperimental kaedahOne Group Pre Test-Post Test. Seramai 380 sampel kajian dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedahsampel perkadaran, melibatkan sepuluh buah sekolah yang mewakili lima daerah di negeriPerak. Analisis pair sample t-test menunjukkan min skor pasca keseluruhan modalinsan dan persekitaran sekolah lebih tinggi berbanding ujian pra. Analisis One-Way ANCOVA pulamenunjukkan perbezaan min skor modal insan dan persekitaran sekolah dalam skor pascaadalah signifikan dengan mengawal kesan kovariat berdasarkan jantina dan lokasi. ManakalaRegresi Berganda menunjukkan aspek dimensi sosial, dimensi pembinaan kendiri dan dimensifasiliti mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan dengan modal insan. Kesimpulannya, persekitaran sekolahdapat memberi pengaruh yang signifikan ke atas modal insan terhadap pelibatan murid-murid dalamaktiviti kokurikulum. Implikasi daripada kajian ini dapat menghasilkan instrumen sebagai alatpengujian, pengukuran dan penilaian bagi mengenalpasti prestasipencapaian modal insan. 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5811 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5811 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan A. Samad, N. H., & Idris, M. S. (2017). Co-curricular importance in secondary school.Educational Technology, 47747-47751.Ab Aziz, A., Yusof, Z. M., AsmaMokhtar, U., & Jambari, D. I. (2018). Penerimagunaan sistempengurusan dokumen dan rekod elektronik: protokol pembangunan instrumen dan kesahan kandungan menggunakan nilai ketetapan kandungan. Jurnal Pengurusan (UKM Journal of Management), 53.Ab. Alim Abd Rahim (2004): Pengurusan Gerak Kerja Kokurikulum. Selangor: Penerbit Oxford Sdn. Bhd.Abd Hakim Mohad, Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar, Aiedah Abdul Khalek, Jill Sarjit G. & Ahmad Tarmizi Talib.(2019). Penerapan elemen perpaduan nasional dalam program NGO di Sabah: satu tinjauan awal. JurnalPerpaduan. Institut Kajian dan Latihan Integrasi Nasional Jabatan Perpaduan Negara danIntegrasi Nasional (Jabatan Perdana Menteri).Abd Rahman Ahmad. (2006), Pembangunan modal insan: apa dan kenapa perlu dalam konteks organisasi diMalaysia. Kedah: Human Resources Academy, h. 12.Abdifatah Ahmed Haji. (2016). Trend of hidden values and use of intellectual capital information:evidence from Malaysia. Accounting Research Journal, 29(1), 81-105.Abdul Rahman Embong. (2000). Negara-bangsa: Proses dan perbahasan. Penerbit UKM: Bangi.Abdul Rahman, Hussein Ahmad, Sufean Hussin, Simin, G., Mohammed Sani. (2014).Analisis strategik: dasar pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. (2007), Human development: The engine of economic growth dalamAbdullah Ahmad Badawi (ed.), Islam Hadhari approach: Towards a progressive Islamic civilisation,Putrajaya: JAKIM.Abdullah Sani b. Yahaya (2005). Mengurus hal ehwal pelajar. Kuala Lumpur: PTSProfessional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.Abdullah Sulong & Mawaddah Abdullah. (2010). Pengaruh media elektronik terhadap keruntuhan akhlakmurid-murid. Skudai: Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Abdullah, A., & Sharif, M. F. M. (2019). The concept of Islamic personality and spiritualdevelopment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9).Abdullah, B. (2006). Membina Tamadun Menjulang Martabat Negara. Kertas Ucapan Perdana Menteri YABDatoSeri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi semasa membentangkanUsul mengenai RMK-9, 2010.Abdullah, M. A., & Tumeran, T. (2019). Menentukan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan item pentaksiranmata pelajaran rombak rawat sistem klac dengan menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch.Politeknik & Kolej Komuniti. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 163-173.Abdullah, S. (2008). Kecerdasan pelbagai-aplikasi dalam pengajaran danpembelajaran. PTS Professional.Abdullah, Z., Ismail, S. N., Shafee, S., Shaharom, M. S. N., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2019). Pengaruhpembelajaran akademik anak-anak keluarga fakir miskin di sekolah- sekolah Selangor. JuPiDi:Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 6(2), 44-70.Abu, N. E. B., & Eu, L. K. (2017). Hubungan antara sikap, minat, pengajaran guru dan pengaruh rakansebaya terhadap pencapaian matematik tambahan tingkatan 4. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran AsiaPasifik, 2(1), 1-10.Abu, N. E. B., & Eu, L. K. (2017). Hubungan antara sikap, minat, pengajaran guru dan pengaruh rakansebaya terhadap pencapaian matematik tambahan tingkatan 4. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran AsiaPasifik, 2(1), 1-10.Achari, N. S., & Esa, A. (2017). Extra-curricular activities lead to healthy social skills amongstudents in Malaysia. Social Science, 47729-47731.Adedeji, O. S., & Campbell, O., A. (2017). The Role of Higher Education in Human Capital Development in Nigeria. Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2380878.Adnan Kamis (1988): Nilai-nilai murni dalam aktiviti kokurikulum pergerakanberuniform ke arah menghasilkan insan yang mantap lagi seimbang menurut falsafah KBSM. Kertas kerja seminar nilai-nilai murni merentas kurikulum bersepadu sekolah menengah.Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi.Adnan, W. N., & Warman, S. (2017). Extra-curricular activities affect students to develop socialskills. Leadership Management, 46034-46036.Agostini, L., Nosella, A. & Filippini, R. (2017). Does intellectual capital allow improvinginnovation performance? A quantitative analysis in the SME context. Journal ofIntellectual Capital, 18(2), 400-418.Ahmad Esa (2005): Perkasakan kokurikulum. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn.Bhd.Ahmad Esa, Mohd Khir Mohd Nor, Nawawi Jusoh, Norashidah Abd Rahman, & Zalinah Salehon. (2015).Citra Kokurikulum. (Penerbit UTHM, Ed.). Penerbit UTHM.Ahmad Hashim. (2015). Panduan analisis data secara efisien. 1st ed. Selangor: Dubook Press Sdn.Bhd.Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob (1992). Kaedah penyelidikan sosioekonomi. 2nd ed. KualaLumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Ahmad, A., Rahman, S., & Amir, R. (2014). Keberkesanan Modul IDEA-I terhadap kemahirandaya tindak dan kemenjadian murid. Proceeding of the Sosial Science Research ICSSR 2014, KotaKinabalu, Sabah, 685-697.Ahmad, H. H., & Hamid, H. A. (2017). Pengurusan pembangunan konsep perpaduan dalam kalanganmurid-murid sekolah menengah kebangsaan. Satu kajian di Klang, Selangor. JuPiDi: Jurnal KepimpinanPendidikan, 2(4), 1-15.Ahmad, H., Ibrahim, M. F., & Yusof, N. (2017). Penjajaran aktiviti kokurikulum disekolah menengah kluster & kecemerlangan dan universiti penyelidikan: tinjauan awal. e-AcademiaJournal, 6(1).Ahmad, M. I., Manaf, M. F. A., & Jaffar, M. N. (2019). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen ModelKeperluan Bahasa Arab untuk pelancongan Islam di Selangor. e- Jurnal Bahasa dan Linguistik (e-JBL),1(1), 48-63.Ainun, I. R., Zamri, M., & Wan Muna, W. M. (2017). Pembelajaran abad ke-21 dan pengaruhnyaterhadap sikap, motivasi dan pencapaian bahasa Melayu pelajar sekolah menengah (21th centurylearning and the influence of attitude, motivation and achievements Malay language secondaryschool student). Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 7(2), 77-88.Akhir, M. A. M., Wahab, M. N. A., & Ali, Z. M. (2017). Pengukuran dan penilaian tahap emosi pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum: Permasalahan dan cadangan. InternationalJournal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 1, 2.Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550) & Peraturan-Peraturan Terpilih. Susunan oleh LembagaPenyelidikan Undang-Undang. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Books Services.Akta Pendidikan 1996 [(Peraturan-peraturan Kurikulum Kebangsaan) Pendidikan 1997]http://www.ppk.kpm.my/Akta Pendidikan, (1996). Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.Al-Ansari, A., Al-Harbi, F., Abdelaziz, W., & Abdelsalam, M. (2015). Factor affecting studentparticipation in extra-curricular activities: A comparison between two Middle Eastern dentalschools. The Saudi Dental Journal.Aldridge, J. M., Laugksch, R. C. & Fraser, B. J. (2006). School level environment andoutcomes-based education in South Africa. Journal Learning Environment Researchs, 9:23147.Aleng, P. A. (2016). Transformasi pendidikan dan pembangunan modal insan. PTS Publications& Distributors Sdn Bhd.Ali, S. K. S., Zahidi, M. A., Samad, R. S. A., & Wee, A. S. S. L. (2017). Faktor kekangan ibu bapadan persekitaran sekolah dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran pendidikan jasmanidi sekolah rendah. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 2(2), 1-15.Alias, M., Karim, A. A., & Iksan, Z. (2019). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen kemahiranmenyelesaikan masalah untuk murid sekolah menengah berdasarkan Model Pengukuran Rasch (Validity and reliability of problem-solving skill instrument for secondary school pupilsbased on Rasch Assessment Model). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education),44(1SI), 3-19.Al-Tabany, T. I. B. (2017). Mendesain model pembelajaran inovatif, progresif, dankonteksual. Prenada Media.Amatan, M. A. & Han, C. G. K. (2019). Pengaruh persekitaran psikososial sekolah dan efikasikendiri guru terhadap amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran abad ke-21. International Journalof Education, Psychology and Counseling, Counseling, 4 (32), 301-331.Amin, A. F. M., Amir, R., Rahman, S., & Lubis, M. A. (2017). Profile of self-identity amongstadolescents: A study in Johor. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam andCivilization, 1, 124-134.Amini Amir Abdullah (2006), Pembangunan Dan Kemajuan Modal Insan Dalam Rancangan MalaysiaKe sembilan (RMK-9): Satu Penelitian dalam Ahmad Zaki Berahim@Ibrahim et. al. (Kertas KerjaProsiding Seminar Tamadun Islam Tentang Pembangunan Modal Insan Peringkat Kebangsaan UniversitiMalaya). h.131.Aminuddin Yusof. (2000). Takrif kokurikulum. Kertas kerja yang tidak diterbitkan:Universiti Putra Malaysia.Aminudin Abdul Rahman. (2004). Penglibatan pelajar secara aktif dalam aktiviti kokurikulumdan kesannya ke atas pencapaian akademik. Tesis Sarjana Pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Skudai.Anderson, S., & Mezuk, B. (2015). Positive youth development and participation in an urban debateleague: Results from Chicago public schools, 1997-2007. Journal of Negro Education, 84(3), 362-378.Ang, K. H. (2017). Nota Revisi Mengenai penyelidikan dan kajian kes: Satu tinjauan literatur.Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(10).Anisa Saleha. (2015). Keterlibatan, sokongan pembelajaran dan pencapaian pelajarberdasarkan gender peringkat persekolahan dan lokasi. Tesis Dr. Falsafah yang tidakditerbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Annathurai, K. (2016). Tirukku?a? dalam kurikulum Bahasa Tamil sekolah rendah dan menengah: Satupersepsi dan realiti ke arah pembentukan insan holistik/Annathurai Kasinadan (Doctoraldissertation, University of Malaya).Anuar, S. B., & Abd Wahab, N. B. (2018). Social environment factors and its relationship with theappreciation of the character of polytechnic students. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal PendidikanIndonesia, 4(2), 92-99.Arena, R. (2016). The economics of Alfred Marshall: revisiting Marshall's legacy.Springer.Ariffin Zainuddin, Yaakob Daud & Saiful Azmi Mohd Nor. (2016). Pengurusan kokurikulum dantahap penglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah menengah kebangsaan daerah KualaTrengganu. Proceeding of ICECRS, 1 (2016) 891-900 ISSN. 2548-6160.Arifin, R. M. & Teh, M. S. K. (2019). Kemenjadian pelajar berasaskan strategi danpelaksanaan iklim dini: satu konseptualisasi. Asian People Journal (APJ), 2(1), 54- 63.Artaya, I. (2015). Analisis faktor untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk usaha kecil di KotaSidoarjo dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar bebas Asean. Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis UniversitasNarotama Surabaya.Ary, D., Jacob, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education. 6th ed. NewYork: Harcourt Brace College Pub.Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C. & Sorensen, Irvine, C. K. (2018). Introduction to research ineducation. 10th ed. New York: SAGE Publication Inc.Ary, Donald & Ary, Donald (2014). Introduction to research in education. 9th ed.Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.Asbulah, L. H., Lubis, M. A., & Aladdin, A. (2018). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaaninstrumen pengetahuan kolokasi bahasa Arab IPT (I-KAC IPT) menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch.Asean Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and Civilization (ACER-J). eISSN2600-769X,2(1), 97-106.Ashfaq, M., Aslam, S., & Hussain, S. A. (2017). The impact of co-curricular activities on theoverall performance of secondary school students in fata. THE SKY- International Journalof Physical Education, Health, Sports & Allied Sciences, Vol. 01.Astin, A. (1984). Student Involvement: A development theory for higher educationsgraduate school of educations. Los Angeles: University of California.Astuti, D. P. (2018). Peran guru dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas III di MiNahdlatul Ulama Terpadu Sumbergempol Tulungagung.Atan, J., Jalil, M. H., & Shafiai, M. H. M. (2017). Analisis kepimpinan Tun Abdullah Ahmad BadawiTerhadap Pembangunan Modal Insan di Malaysia (Analysis Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Leadershipon Human Capital Development in Malaysia). Jurnal Hadhari: An International Journal, 195-212.Attique, M. (2017). Role 0f school environment in the development of personality ofstudents at secondary level. (Doctoral dissertation).Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made Simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural EquationModeling. Bangi: MPWS Rich Resources.Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Mamat, M. (2016). The Likert scale analysis usingparametric based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Computational Methods in Social Sciences,4(1), 13.Ayob Jantan (2018). PAK21 - mentransformasikan kepimpinan berprestasi tinggi.Bintang Printing Sd. Bhd.ISBN 9671338666, 9789671338667.Ayob, N. A., Daud, S., & Hassan, N. N. A. (2018). Prestasi pengusaha wanita: hasilpembentukan faktor modal insan dan daya saing. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences andHumanities (MJSSH), 3(3), 173-188.Aziz Ujang. (2014). Kesedaran generasi muda Melayu dan bumiputera terhadap patriotismedan perpaduan nasional di Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Azizi Yahaya & Rosnah Buang. (2007). Punca berlakunya masalah gejala gengsterisme di kalanganremaja di beberapa buah sekolah menengah di empat buah negeri. Fakulti PendidikanUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia.Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya & Juriah Bachok. (2010). Perkaitan antara hubungan kekeluargaan,pengaruh rakan sebaya dan kecerdasan emosi dengan tingkah laku delinkuen sekolah bestari di daerahPontian. Melaka: Fakulti Pendidikan: Universiti Teknogi Mara.Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Jamaludin Ramli, Yusuf Boon, & Abdul Rahim Hamdan. (2007). Menguasaipenyelidikan dalam pendidikan: teori analisis dan interprestasi data. (Edisi Kedua). PTSProfessional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.Azizi Yahya, Peter Voo, Ismail Maakip, & Mohd Dahlan A. Malek. (2017). Kaedahpenyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Azman, N., & Yusoff, H. M. (2018). Pencapaian Akademik Murid Lelaki danPerempuan: Peranan Sokongan Pembelajaran dan Keterlibatan Murid. Malaysian Journal ofLearning and Instruction, 15(2), 257-287.Azmi Abd Rahman & Hamsiah Mohd Dahalan. (2000). Pengetua sebagai pengurus kokurikulum sekolah. Genting Highlands: Kertas Kerja seminar Nasional Pengurusan Dan KepimpinanKe-9. Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB), Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Bahagian Kokurikulum dan Kesenian, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2011). Laporan tinjauan minatmurid dalam kegiatan kokurikulum.Bahagian Naziran, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2010). Kajian mengenaikeberkesanan kokurikulum di sekolah.Bahagian Sukan Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2011). Buku panduan pelaksanaan dasar satu muridsatu sukan (1M1S). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Bahagian Sukan, Seni dan Kokurikulum (BSSK), KPM (2009): Buku PanduanPengurusan Kokurikulum. Kuala Lumpur: A.G Grafik, Sdn. Bhd.Baharom, N. & Idris, M. S. (2017) "The roles of co-curricular in promoting studentshuman capital development." Educational Technology: 47664-47666.Baharuddin, M. H. B., Ahmad, A. R. B., & Yakub, N. M. (2016)). Pengajaran danpembelajaran sejarah abad ke-21: isu dan cabaran. Proceeding 7?? International Seminar onRegional Education (Vol. 1, pp. 324-335).Baharuddin, M. K., & Ashari, Z. M. (2018). Hubungan antara emosi malu tehadap gaya pertautan danmotivasi pencapaian dalam kalangan pelajar: Satu kajian meta analisis. Sains Humanika,10(3-2).Bakri, M. F., Osman, Z., Sarudin, A. S., & Redzwan, H. F. M. (2020). Analisis keupayaan pelajardalam pembinaan semula kurikulum Bahasa Melayu asas bagi pelajar antarabangsa UniversitiPendidikan Sultan Idris. Rumpun Jurnal Persuratan Melayu, 8(1), 65-76.Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2018). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In thereviewers guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 98-122). Routledge.Bashir, L., & Kaur, R. (2017). A study on interrelation of educational aspiration with schoolenvironment of secondary school students. Educational Quest, 8, 269.Bashir, Z., & Hussain, S. (2012). The effectiveness of co-curricular activities onacademic achievements of secondary school students in District Abbottabad Pakistan- A case study. Journal of Education and Practice, 3(1), 44.Basir, S. A., & Mohamed, H. A. B. (2019). Cabaran dalam pelaksanaan program pembangunanmodal insan (PMI) di Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM). (Challenges in implementation ofhuman capital development (HCD) Program in Islamic Development Department of Malaysia (JAKIM).Jurnal Hadhari: An International Journal, 11(1), 87-105.Basir, S. A., & Mohamed, H. A. B. (2019). Pelaksanaan program pembangunan modal insan (PMI) diinstitusi Pengurusan Hal Ehwal Islam (PHEI): Kajian kes di Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).(Implementation of human capital development programe at the Institutions of Islamic AffairsManagement: A case study at Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM)).UMRAN-International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 6(3), 9-31.Baumgartner, T. A, & Jackson, A. S. (1999). Measurement for evaluation (6th ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill.Baumgartner, T. A, Jackson, A. S., Mahar, M. T., & Rowe, D. A. (2006). Measurement for evaluationin physical education & exercise science (8th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.Baumgartner, T. A., & Chung, H. (2001). Confidence limits for interclass reliabilitycoefficients. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 5: 179-188.Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (1998). Research in education (8th ed.). MA: Allyn and Bacon.Biswajit Maitra. (2016). Investment in human capital and economic growth in Singapore.Global Business Review, 17(2), 425-437.Black, T. R. (1999). Doing quantitative research in the social sciences: An integrated approach toresearch design, measurement, and statistics. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.Blomfield, C. & Barber B. (2010). Australian adolescents extracurricular activityparticipation and positive development: Is the relationship mediated by peer attributes?Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 10: 114-128.Bond, T. G. & Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental measurement in the humansciences. (2nd ed.). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Borg, W. R., Gall, M. D., & Gall, J. P. (1993). Educational research. New Jersey:Prentice Hall.Bosi, S., Gorini, G., Tamelli, M., Monti, C., Storani, S., Carreras, G., & Faggiano, F. (2016). A school-based peer-led smoking prevention intervention with extracurricularactivities: the LILT-LdP cluster randomized controlled trial design and study population. Tumori,99(5), 5727.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development.American Psychologist, 32, 513531.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986a). Recent advances in research on the ecology of humandevelopment. In R. K. Silbereisen, K. Eyferth, & G. Rudinger (Eds.), Development as action incontext: Problem behavior and normal youth development (pp. 287 309).Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986b). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Researchperspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723742. Sussex Routledge.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Ecological systems theory (1992). In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: bioecological perspectives on human development (pp.106-173). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2005). Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS12 and 13. A Guide for SocialScientists. East.Buhari, A. (2015). Pembangunan kemahiran kerja berpasukan menerusi kokurikulum sukan hokidalam kalangan pelajar UTHM. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia:Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional.Burton, M. D. (1981). Identifying potential participants for college extracurricularactivities. College Student Journal, 15(3), 251-254.Camacho, D. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2015). Extracurricular participation among adolescents fromimmigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(6), 1251-1262.Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental design for research.Hope-well, NJ: Houghton Mifflin Company.Carter. (2007). Overview of leadership in organizations.http://www.managementhelp.org/ldrship/ldrship.htm#anchor4623.Chan, Y. (2016). Investigating the relationship among extracurricular activities, learning approachand academic outcomes: A case study. Active Learning in Higher Education, 17(3), 223-233.Chapman, E. (2003). Alternative approaches to assessing student engagement rates.Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation 8(13).Che Aziz Jaafar & Aminuddin Yusof (2002). Perlunya kokurikulum dalam sistem pendidikansekolah. Dalam Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee, Aminuddin Yusof dan Borhan Yusof (2002).Kokurikulum peranan dan implikasi. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors Sdn. Bhd.Che Su Mustaffa, Nuredayu Omar & Munif Zarrirudin Fikri Nordin. (2005). Antesedan KecerdasanEmosi, Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Kecerdasan Emosi Spiritual (ESQ) dalam Kalangan PelajarSekolah Berasrama Penuh dan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Journal of Techno-Social.Che Wan Mohd Amil bin Che Wan Sulaiman. (1991). Sikap pelajar-pelajar luar bandar terhadapkegiatan kokurikulum sekolah. Satu kajian kes di Sekolah Menengah Kerdau, Temerloh, Pahang.UKM: Kajian llmiah. Tidak Diterbitkan.Chew, B. G. (2017). Pengetahuan dan pengaplikasian kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalamkalangan guru teknik dan vokasional (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).Chin Pek Lian, Low Li Chuen & Vivian Low Yen Yeong. (2005). Masalah disiplin pelajar,pendekatan dan penyelesaian. Skudai: UTM.Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Buku 2. Malaysia: McGraw Hill Education.Chua Yan Piaw. (2009). Statistik penyelidikan lanjutan ujian regresi, analisis faktor dan analisisSEM. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.Chua Yan Piaw. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Edisi ke-2. Malaysia: Mc Graw Hill. Chua, Yan Piaw.(2016). Mastering research methods. 2nd ed. Shah Alam: McGraw-HillEducation.Chyung, S. Y., Roberts, K., Swanson, I., & Hankinson, A. (2017). Evidence?based survey design: Theuse of a midpoint on the Likert scale. Performance Improvement, 56(10), 15-23.Cicciarella, C. F. (1997). Research in physical education, exercise science, and sport: Anintroduction. Scottsdale, Arizona: Gorsuch Scarisbrick.Cisneros, M. A. I., & Perlines, F. H. (2018). Intellectual capital and organizationperformance in the manufacturing sector of Mexico. Management Decision, 56(8), 1818-1834.Clark, J. E., & Whitall, J. (1989). What is motor development? The lessons of history.Quest, 41(3), 183-202.Cleland, D. I. (2004). Field guide to project management. 2nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley.Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science. New York:Academic Press.Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for Behavior Science. 2nd ed. Lawrence EribaumAssociation.Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative methods in Psychology: A power primer. Psychological Buletin,112(1), 155-159.Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. New York:Routledge Falmer & Francis Group.Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Surveys, longitudinal, cross-sectional and trendstudies. Research Methods in Education. 7th ed. Abingdon: Routledge, 261-4.Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2010). Psychological testing and assessment: anintroduction to test and measurement. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.Cole, S. J. (2015). Student achievement for English language learners and non-English languagelearners: Dual language, traditional bilingual, and all English programs. Dallas BaptistUniversity.Crebert, G. (2004). The development of employability skills in novice workers. Adeloide: CVER ltd.Cresswell J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.3rd ed. SAGE, UK.Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: planning, conducting and evaluatingquantitative and qualitative Research. 3rd ed. NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.Creswell, J. W. (2011). Controversies in mixed methods research. The Sage handbook ofqualitative research, 4, 269-284.Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting and evaluatingquantitative and qualitative research. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixedmethods approaches. Sage Publications.Crowder P. L. (2010). The In?uence of the outdoor learning environment on studentengagement. Dissertation Doctor of Educational Leadership.Daniel H. A. (2010). Constructing a creative self-efficacy Inventory: a mixed methods inquiry. PhdDisertation. University of Nebraska: Lincoln.Darling, N. (2015). Participation in extracurricular activities and adolescent adjustment:Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(5), 493505.Darling, N., Caldwell, L. L. & Smith, R. (2005). Participation in school basedextracurricular activities and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(I): 51-76.Daud, S. H. S., Yunus, N., & Yusof, H. (2017). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen kajianpenyeliaan berkesan. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 5(3), 50-61.Daud, Y. (2019). Budaya sekolah, kepemimpinan transformasional dan pencapaian akademikpelajar. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 9, 111-139.David, M. K., & Dumanig, F. P. (2011). National unity in multi-ethnic Malaysia: Acritical discourse analysis of Tun Dr. Mahathirs political speeches. Language Discourse &Society, 1(1), 11-31.David, M., & Dumanig, F. P. (2011). Social capital and politeness strategies in fostering ethnicrelations in Malaysia and the Philippines. IARS' International Research Journal, 1(1).Dearman, S. G. (2017). School sanctioned extracurricular activities and academicachievement: A quantitative study of hours of extracurricular participation and the impact upon GPAand ACT score (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global Database. (Order No.10623008).Denault, A. S., & Poulin, F. (2009). Intensity and breadth of participation in organized activitiesduring the adolescent years: Multiple associations with youth outcomes. Journal of Youth andAdolescence, 38(9), 1199-1213.Deska Amarila Risela. (2016). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasanspiritual terhadap persepsi etis mahasiswa akauntasi mengenai praktis akauntasi kreatifdi prusahaan. Skripsi. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Development, 2(1), 3546.DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Guidelines in scale development. Scale Development: Theory andApplications. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage, 5191.DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development Theory and Applications. 4th ed. London:SAGE Publication Inc.DeVon, H. A., Block, M. E., Moyle?Wright, P., Ernst, D. M., Hayden, S. J., Lazzara, D. J., &Kostas?Polston, E. (2007). A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(2), 155-164.Dhesi, Autar S. (1979), Human capital formation and its utilization, New Delhi: Sterling PublishersPvt. Ltd., h. 1.Dimov, D. (2017). Towards a qualitative understanding of human capital inentrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,23(2), 210-227.Diyi, A. F., Sharif, S., Wong, W. K., & Mariappan, M. (2018). Analisis faktor instrumenpenyelesaian masalah teknologikal: Kajian di Sekolah Rendah Daerah Miri. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia,32(2).Don, Y., & Ibrahim, I. (2019). The Effectiveness of teacher leadership and studentsinvolvement in co-curricular activities in Malaysia secondary school. Borneo InternationalJournal of Islamic Studies, 1(2), 129-145.Don, Y., Raman, A., Hussin, F., & Kasim, K. (2016). The role of teacher leadership andextra-curricular activities in the construction of the soft skills of secondary school students inMalaysia. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 1(3), 89-95.Don, Yahya, Ismail, Siti Noor, Mohamad Yusoff, Siti Hajar, Mohamad Yusoff, & ZuraidahJuliana. (2016). Kokurikulum dan penjajaran konstruktif di sekolah. UUM Press, Sintok. ISBN978-967-0876-98-6.Dube, W., & Phiri, A. (2015). Nutrition and economic growth in South Africa: Athreshold cointegration approach. Journal of Economic Studies, 42(1): 138-156.Dul, J., & Hak, T. (2008). Case study methodology in business research. British: Elsevier Ltd.Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, & Rosnani Hashim, 2019. Pentafsiran baharu FalsafahPendidikan Kebangsaan dan pelaksanaannya pasca 2020. IIUM Press ISBN: 9789674910273.Dzulkifli, I., & Suhid, A. (2018). Pendidikan Islam pemangkin modal insan oku muslim.Journal of Quran Sunnah Education & Special Needs, 2(2), 37-45.Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering basketball ormarching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of AdolescentResearch, 14(1), 10-43.Ee Ah Meng (1995). Murid dan proses pembelajaran. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti.Eng J. A. J. (2016). Pengurusan aktiviti luar sekolah: Panduan pengurusan aktiviti diluar sekolah. PTS Publications, & Distributors Sdn Bhd.Enrique Claver-Corts, Patrocinio Carmen Zaragoza-Sez, Hiplito Molina-Manchn, & Mercedesbeda-Garca. (2015). Intellectual capital in family firms: Human capital identification andmeasurement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(1): 199-223.Esa, A., Manap, A., & Khadijah, S. (2012). Pembangunan kemahiran kepimpinan menerusikadet remaja sekolah (KRS) dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah teknik. Personalia Pelajar.Esa, M. E., Awang, M. M., Ahmad, A. R., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Developing thinking skills among students towards creating quality human capital. In the 2nd InternationalConference on Sustainable Development and Multi-Ethnic Society (pp. 208-215). Redwhite Pres.Fatahiyah Elias, Mohd Isa Hamzah, Khadijah Abdul Razak, & Maizatul Suraya Muhammad Nor.(2018). Elemen kemahiran insaniah dalam pendekatan berpusatkan pelajar pengajaran akidah sekolahrendah. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, eISSN: 2289-8042, Vol.5(2): 113122.Fei, E. L. E., & Han, C. G. K. (2017). Hubungan iklim sekolah dengan motivasi guru.Jurnal Pemikir Pendidikan, 8, 43-68.Fisher, D. L., & Fraser, B. J. (1991b). Validity and use ofthe school-level environment.Journal of Classroom Interaction, 26(2): 1318.Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2007). How to design and evaluate research ineducation. 7th ed. McGraw Hill. Higher Education.Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1996). How to Design and Evaluate Research. USA: Mc. Fraw-HillInc.Fraser, B. J. (1986). Classroom environment. Croom Helm, London.Fredericks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of theconcept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74: 59-109.Fuochi, G., & Voci, A. (2017). Self-compassion as a healthyattitude toward the self:Factorial and construct validity in an Italian sample. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 119, 60-68.Gallahue, D., & Ozmun, J. C. (1998). Understanding motor development. infants, children,adolescents, and adults. New York: McGraw-Hill.Gallahue, D. (1996). Developmental physical education for todays children. Dubuque: Brown, &Benchmark.Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2006). Understanding motor development: Infants,children, adolescents, adults. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.Gani, M. F. R. (2018). Keberkesanan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi pelajar dalammatematik melalui kaedah pembelajaran luar bilik darjah: The effectiveness of high level thinkingskills students in mathematics through the methods of learning outside the classroom. Journal ofAdvanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences 10, Issue 1(2018) 80-90.Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind. New horizons. London: Basic Books.Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligence. New York: Basic Books.Gardner, H. (2006). Multiple Intelligences: New horizons. London: Basic Books.Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational implications of the theory of multipleintelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8), 4-10.Gardner, J. N. (2012). Assessment and learning. J. Gardner (Ed.). Sage.Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research. Competencies for analysis and application 3rd ed. Ohio:Merill Pub.Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2008). Educational research: competencies for analysisand applications 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Merrill/Pearson.German, R. (1995). Co-curricular involvement characteristics of bowling green stateUniversity honors students. ERIC Document Reproduction Service. No. ED386138.Ghani, M. F. A., & Crow, G. M. (2017). Amalan komuniti pembelajaran profesional: perspektifpemimpin sekolah cemerlang negara maju. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 1(3),10-27.Ghazali, D., & Sufean, H. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analysiskajian. Universiti Malaya.Ghozali, M., & Kamri, N. A. (2017). Keperibadian Islam dan profesionalisme dalampekerjaan: Satu analisis teoritis. Jurnal Syariah, 23, 255-286.Gibbs, B. G., Erickson, L. D., Dufur, M. J., & Miles, A. (2015). Extracurricularassociations and college enrollment. Social Science Research, 50367-381.Gilbert, G. E., & Prion, S. (2016). Making sense of methods and measurement: Lawshe's ContentValidity Index. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 12(12), 530-531.Gjalt De Jong. (2015). The impact of social and human capital on individual cooperative behaviour.Critical Perspectives on International Business, 11(1), 4-29.Groenewegen, P. (2019). Alfred Marshall. In The Elgar Companion to John Maynard Keynes. EdwardElgar Publishing.Guangqiang Liu, Lirang Pang, Dongmin Kong. (2017). Effects of human capital on the relationshipbetween export and firm innovation. Chinese Management Studies,11(2), 1-35.Guildford, J. P. (1973). Foundamental statistics in psychology and education. (5th ed.).New york: McGraw-Hill.Gulick, L. (1954). The theory of organization. Papers of Science of Administration.Polygraphic Company of America: New York.Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010).Multivariate data analysis 7th ed. Prentice-Hall: South-Western Publishing Company.Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partialleast squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy ofMarketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.Hair, J. J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis7th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.Hajah Noreshah Hj Baharom. (2007). Kamus Dewan Edisi 4. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka,h.1038.Halim, F., & Chieng, L. S. (2016). The relationship of self determination and big fivepersonalities to achievement motivation and academic achievement. Jurnal PsikologiMalaysia, 30, 2.Hamat, M. F., & Nordin, M. K. N. C. (2012). Tinjauan kepentingan pembangunan modal insan diMalaysia (Review on the importance of human capital development in Malaysia). JurnalAl-Tamaddun Bil, 7(1), 75-89.Hamid, R. A. (2012). Penerapan kemahiran kerja berpasukan menerusi kokurikulum sukan bolasepak dalam kalangan pelajar UTHM. UTHM.Hamidah Abdul Karim. (1999). Penglibatan pelajar Islam dalam kegiatan kokurikulum dan sumbangannyake arah pencapaian akademik: Satu tinjauan di Sekolah Menengah Subang Jaya, SelangorDarul Ehsan. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor.Hamzah Zakaria, Saidatul Nizan Nasroddin, & ZulHilmy Hashim. (2015). Softskills - Kepentingannyadalam memenuhi kebolehpasaran pekerjaan terhadap graduan Politeknik Johor Bahru. Journal ofTourism and Hospitality Essentials (THE), 5(2), 921.Hamzah, M. I. M., & Ayob, N. (2015). Peranan pengetua dalam pengurusan kokurikulum dari perspektifguru Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Zon Keramat (The role of principal in the management ofcocurricular from teachers perspective at national secondary schools in zone of Keramat).Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education, 40(2), 129-138.Hanafi, K., & Rahim, M. H. A. (2018). Penggunaan media sosial dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhiterbentuknya gerakan sosial oleh pemimpin pelajar universiti dibandar Pekan Baru, Riau, Indonesia. e-Bangi, 14(2).Hanita Mohd Yusoff, & Norzaini Azman. (2018). Pencapaian akademik murid lelaki dan perempuan:peranan sokongan pembelajaran dan keterlibatan murid. Malaysian Journal of Learning andInstruction: Vol.15(2): 257287.Hardy, L. L., Booth, M. L., & Okely, A. D. (2007). The reliability of the adolescentsedentary activity questionnaire (ASAQ). Preventive Medicine, 45(1), 71-74.Harery Abu Saad. (2007). Perkaitan penghayatan akhlak, sikap terhadap sains,pencapaian dan pemilihan kerjaya di kalangan pelajar dalam konteks pembangunan modal insanbersepadu dalam bidang sains dan teknologi di SMKA. Tesis Doktor Falsafah Yang Tidak Diterbitkan.Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Hasan, I. M., & Daud, M. Y. (2020). Keberkesanan Dual Language Program (DLP) terhadappengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar matematik. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1),31-39.Hasan, I. M., & Daud, M. Y. (2020). Keberkesanan dual language program (DLP) terhadappengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar matematik. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1), 31-39.Hasan, M. F., Kadir, S. A., & Asimiran, S. (2013). Hubungan persekitaran sekolah denganpenglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah menengah (Relationship school environment with student involvement in co-curricular activities in secondary schools).Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 38(2), 1-9.Hashim Bedu, Khairulhelmi Katip, Mohd Fahmi Mohd Sahid & Syed Mohamed Syafeq Syed Mansor. (2008).Keruntuhan akhlak dan gejala sosial dalam keluarga: isu dan cabaran. Johor Bahru: FakultiPendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Hashim, A., Khan, T. K. A., Karim, Z. A., & Rahim, N. A. (2019). Attribute assessment instrumenton information management and lifelong learning skills among UPSI students in Faculty ofSports Science and Coaching. International Journal of Academic Research in Business andSocial Sciences, 9(2).Hashim, R. (2012). Memenuhi aspirasi kemahiran berfikir dalam Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025 menerusi inkuiri dan pedagogi filosofiyyah dalam kalangan guru. Dicapai pada Januari, 28,2019.Hashim, S., Tumijan, A. S. H., & Hussain, W. N. W. (2017). Transformasi pengurusan kokurikulum melonjakkan penyertaan dan pencapaian kokurikulum sekolah sehingga Persada antarabangsa:Satu perkongsian ilmu di SK Canossian Convent, Segamat, Johor. Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis DekanPendidikan Universiti Awam. Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan Universiti Malaysia Sabah.Haslina Md Yunus dan Abdul Razaq Ahmad. (2016). Kemahiran insaniah ke arah pembentukanpotensi pelajar. Proceeding 7th International Seminar on RegionalEducation, Vol. 1: 198-215.Haslina Md Yunus, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, & Anisa Saleha. (2015). Kemahiran insaniah ke arahpembentukan potensi pelajar. Proceeding: 7th International Seminar on Regional Education,November: 198-215.Haslina Md Yunus, Abdul Razaq Ahmad & Anisa Saleha. (2015). Kemahiran insaniah ke arahpembantukan potensi pelajar. Proceeding: 7th International Seminar on Regional Education,November, hlm. 198215.Heinert, S., & Roberts, T. G. (2016). Engaging rural youth in entrepreneurship throughextracurricular and co-curricular systems. University of Florida. 46pp.Heru Winoto. (2013). Pengaruh penyalahgunaan penggunaan teknologi komunikasi anak dan remajaIndonesia. Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.Hideo Seki (1985), Greeting, dalam Toward better utilization of human resources in Asiancountries, Asian regional conference on industrial relations, Tokyo: The Japan Institute ofLabour, h.Hietanen, H., Aartsen, M., Kiuru, N., Lyyra, T-M., & Read, S. (2016). Social engagement fromchildhood to middle age and the effect of childhood socio-economic status on middle age socialengagement: results from the National Child Development study. Ageing and Society, 36: 482-507.Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B., & Enz, C. A. (1997). Scale construction: Developing reliable and valid measurement instruments. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 21(1),100-120.Hoque, A. S. M. M, Awang, Z., Jusoff, K., Salleh, F., & Muda, H. (2017). Social businessefficiency: Instrument development and validation procedure using structural equationmodelling. International Business Management, 11(1): 222-231.Hoque, A. S. M. M., & Awang, Z. (2016). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of Entrepreneurial Marketing Scale - Development and validation. Tourism Conference.Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (1987). Educational administration: Theory, research and practice 3rded. Random House, New York.Huang, Shwu-yong L., & Fraser, B. J. (2009). Science teachers perceptions of the schoolenvironment: Gender differences. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(4): 404-420.Humphrey, S. A. (2005). SWOT analysis for management consulting. SRI Alumni AssociationNewsletter. December.Husain, H., Yaakob, S. N., & Razak, M. R. A. (2015). Kompetensi guru dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian kokurikulum murid di sekolah menengah. SimposiumPendidikan di Peribadikan: Perspektif Risalah An-Nur (SPRiN2017). pp. 185 196.Hussein Ahmad. (1987). Nilai-nilai asas dalam pembangunan perpaduan nasional. BalaiMuhibah: Penyebar Semangat Perpaduan. Vol. 275, pp. 4 8.Hussein Mahmood (2016). Kepimpinan dan keberkesanan sekolah edisi kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasadan Pustaka.Hussiin, H. (2018). Integrasi kaum dalam rancangan pembangunan negara: tumpuan selepasDasar Ekonomi Baru. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 1, 58-73.Iberahim, A. R., Mahamod, Z., & Mohammad, W. M. R. W. (2017). Pembelajaran abad ke-21 danpengaruhnya terhadap sikap, motivasi dan pencapaian bahasa Melayu pelajar sekolah menengah(21th Century Learning and the Influence of Attitude, Motivation and Achievements MalayLanguage Secondary School Student). Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 7(2), 77-88.Ibrahim, H., Mustapha, M., Sawai, J. P., Nawi, N. H. M., & Ahmad, P. H. M. (2018). Peranan dantanggungjawab ibu bapa dalam pengasuhan anak dan remaja. Asian Social Work Journal, 3(5),18-24.Institut Aminuddin Baki (2017). Panduan pelaksanaan pendidikan abad Ke-21.Irma Wani, O., Muhammad Safuan, Y., Hasbullah, A., Herlina, J. (2016a). Dinamisme pendidikantinggi: Pembinaan modal insan antarabangsa. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 5(2),339-345.Ishak, M., Abiddin, N. Z., Fakhruddin, F. M., & Ibrahim, M. (2019). Ujian ciripsikometrik ke atas instrumen penilaian orientasi matlamat. International Journal of Education,Psychology and Counseling, 4(31), 01-14.Ishak, R., & Rusman, S. N. F. (2018). Prestasi kerja guru dan hubungannya dengan faktor bebantugas, persekitaran kerja dan personal: kajian kes di sebuah sekolah di Sabah. JuPiDi: JurnalKepimpinan Pendidikan, 5(1), 1-15.Ismail, A. M. (2016). Pengaruh media massa terhadap akhlak pelajar. Organised by: Association ofMalaysian researchers and social services faculty of teacher training and education, UniversitasSyiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23, 30.Ismail, A. M., Salleh, S. M., & Jemali, M. (2016). Analisis bentuk didikan ibu bapa bagi membentuksahsiah cemerlang: kajian di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Pulau Sebang, Alor Gajah,Melaka. Perspektif: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 8(2), 1-10.Ismail, K., Anwar, K., Ahmad, S., & Selamat, J. (2010). Profil personaliti bakal calon majlispewakilan pelajar UKM: Suatu perbandingan antara lelaki dan wanita. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar,13(3), ms. 37-56.Ismail, M. E., Hashim, S., Ismail, I. M., Ismail, A., Razali, N., Daud, K. A. M., &Khairudin, M. (2018). Penggunaan massive open online course (MOOC) dalam kalangan pelajarvokasional [The use of massive open online course (MOOC) amongvocational students]. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 3(1), 30-41.Ismail, S. (2015) Pembangunan insan dalam falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan / Saharia Hj. Ismail.Journal of Human Capital Development, 8(2). pp. 83-99. ISSN 1985- 7012.Ivaniushina, V., & Aleksandrov, D. (2015). Socialization through informal education: Theextracurricular activities of Russian school children. Russian Social Science Review,56(5), 18-39.Jalil, A., Azyani, N., & Esa A. (2012). Kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah menerusiaktiviti kokurikulum (khidmat masyarakat) dalam kalangan pelajar. Universiti Tun Hussein OnnMalaysia.Jalil, N. (2014). Kecenderungan pelajar cemerlang akademik terhadap pemilihan bidang PTV. Doctoraldissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.Jalil, S. J. A., Yusoff, Y. M., & Ismail, R. (2017). Pembinaan konsep kendiri dariperspektif barat dan islam. Jurnal Usuluddin, 45(1), 1-26.Jamaludin Haji Badusah, Rosna Awang Hashim, Mohd Majid Konting, Turiman Suandi, Maria Salih, &Norhafezah Yusof. (2009). Pembangunan pelajar: Memperkasakan kokurikulum institusi pengajiantinggi. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.James Ang Jet Ing. (2017). Kehendak pendidikan abad ke-21. Institut Aminuddin Baki,Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.James Ang Jit Eng. (2016). Pengurusan aktiviti luar sekolah: panduan pengurusan aktivitidi luar sekolah. Edisi Kedua. PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.James, A. J. E., Shamsiah, S. R., Lim, S. N., Chai, S. H., Quah, C. S., & Muhammad Sauki, R.(2017). Panduan pelaksanaan pendidikan abad ke-21.Jannah, M. (2015). Tugas-tugas perkembangan pada usia kanak-kanak. Gender Equality: InternationalJournal of Child and Gender Studies, 1(2), 87-98.Jarzabkowski L. M. (2002). The social dimensions of teacher collegiality. Journal ofEducational Enquiry, 3(2): 1-20.Jasim, B. J., & Khalifa, M. F. (2019). Evaluation of students communication skills and academicperformance in the University of Baghdad. Iraqi National Journal of NursingSpecialties,32(2), 1-10.Jawatankuasa Pelaksanaan Mengkaji Dasar Pelajaran (1979). Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.Jemaah Nazir Sekolah Persekutuan (1993). Buku panduan pengurusan profesional sekolahmenengah. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Johar, S. H., Suhadi, N., & Idris, M. S. (2017). The important of curriculum in educationat secondary school. Educational Technology, 47781-47783.Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: explored and explained.British Journal of Applied Science, & Technology, 7(4), 396.Jussim, L. (2017). Prcis of social perception and social reality: why accuracy dominates bias andself-fulfilling prophecy. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40.Kadir, H., Mizad, M., & Ngadiran, N. M. (2020). Keberkesanan kursus pengucapan awamterhadap kemahiran insaniah pelajar. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 1(3), 34-41.Kamal M. F. M., Affandi H. M., Hassan P. F., Ismail Z., & Mat M. C. (2017). Acomparative study of Malaysian public project management training. Pertanika Journal SocialScience and Humanities, 25(S), 111 118.Kamaluddin, M. R., Nasir, R., Sulaiman, W. S. W., Khairudin, R., & Zamani, Z. A.(2017). Validity and psychometric properties of Malay translated religiousorientation scale-revised among malaysian adult samples (kesahan dan sifat-sifatpsikometrik skala orientasi keagamaan-semakan yang diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Malaysia dalamkalangan sampel dewasa malaysia). Akademika, 87(2).Kamsur, N. (2015). Tahap penguasaan, sikap dan minat pelajar Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA terhadapmata pelajaran Bahasa Inggeris (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2010). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Karim, E., & Osman, K. (2018). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan ujian kemahiran proses sains untukmurid sekolah rendah berdasarkan model pengukuran rasch (validity and reliability of scienceprocess skills test for primary school pupils based on rasch measurement model). JurnalPendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 43(3), 1-9.Kassim, M., & Rustam, S. (2015). Inculcation of values in co-curricular activities from virtuesmodule. Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2 (13): 183-188.Kaviza, M. (2019). Motivasi intrinsik dalam kalangan murid tingkatan empat yang mengambilmata pelajaran sejarah. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(31),215-224.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2006). Pelan induk pembangunan pendidikan 2006- 2010.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM) (2013). Hala tuju sektor pembangunankemanusiaan. Unit Hal Ehwal Murid, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2007). Buku panduan pengurusan gerakerja kokurikulumsekolah menengah, Bhg. Sekolah-sekolah. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2009). Buku panduan pengurusan gerak kerjakokurikulum sekolah menengah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2011). Kurikulum standard sekolah rendah. KualaLumpur: Dewan Bahasa, & Pustaka.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Pelan induk pembangunan pendidikan (PIPP) 2006- 2010.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (1979). Laporan jawatankuasa kabinet mengkaji pelaksanaandasar pelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025.Putrajaya: KPM.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, (2011). Buku panduan dasar 1 Murid 1 Sukan.Putrajaya. Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, (2012). Buku dasar pendidikan kebangsaan.Putrajaya, Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, (2018). Modul latihan sukan untuk guru penasihat kelab sukansekolah. Putrajaya. Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2010). Standard kualiti pendidikan Malaysia (SKPM).Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012a). Pelan pembanguan pendidikan Malaysia 2013?2025.[Electronic Version]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/PPP/Preliminary?Blueprint?BM.pdf.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013 - 2025.Education, 27(1), 1268.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2014). Memartabatkan bahasa Malaysia dan memperkukuhbahasa Inggeris.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Garis panduan pelaksanaan Dual Language Programme (DLP).Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Laporan Bahagian sekolah, 1991.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Peraturan-peraturan pendidikan (KurikulumKebangsaan) 1997.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Peraturan-Peraturan Sekolah 1956.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 2/1986.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 4/1995.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 7/1988.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 9/2000.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 2/1991.Kent, J. B. (2009). Collegiate Recreatinal Sports: Pivotal players in student success.palnning for higher education, Volume 37.Keong, P. P. (2014). Tahap kemahiran insaniah dalam kalangan pelajar kejuruteraan tahun akhir dipoliteknik KPM. (Master's Thesis), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A research handbook. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.Kerlinger, F. N. (1990). Foundation of behavioral research. 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart andWinston.Kerlinger, F. N. (1991). The influence of research on education practice. Educational Researcher,6(8). 5-12.Keynes, J. M. (1924). Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924. The Economic Journal, 34(135), 311-372.Khalil, A. A., Abd Rahman, R., & Din, H. A. M. (2018). A case study on socialinteraction among multi-ethnic students to maintain national integration. Malaysian Journal ofSocial Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(3), 131-135.Khalique, M., Bontis, N., Shaari, J. A. N., & Isa, A. H. B. (2015). Intellectual capital in smalland medium enterprises in Pakistan. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(1), 224-238.Kiker, B. F. (1969). Von Thunen on human capital. Oxford Economic Papers, 21(3), 339-343.Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validy and realibility of measurement intrumentsused in research. Am J Health Syst. Pharm, 65(23), 2276-84.Kingoina, O. J., Kadenyi, M. M., & Ngaruiya, N. B. (2015). Effect of teachers morale on standardeight pupils academic achievement in public primary schools in Marani sub-county, Kenya.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10, 1-9.Knifsend, C. A., & Graham, S. (2012). Too much of a good thing? How breadth ofextracurricular participation relates to school-related affect and academic outcomes duringadolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(3), 379-389.Kotsou, I., & Leys, C. (2016). Self-Compassion Scale (SCS): Psychometric properties of the Frenchtranslation and its relationswith psychological well-being, affect anddepression. PloS one, 11(4), e0152880. Veneziani, C. A.Kouzes, J.M., & Posner, B. Z. (1995). The leadership challenge: How to keep getting extraordinarythings done in organisations. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The physical activityquestionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. College of Kinesiology,University of Saskatchewan, 87(1), 1-38.Kowalski, K.C., Crocker, P. R., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The physical activityquestionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. College of Kinesiology,University of Saskatchewan: 87.KPM [Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia]. (2010a). Sekolah wawasan di Malaysia: konsep,cabaran, dan pelaksanaan. Putra Jaya: KPM.KPM [Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia] (2012). Laporan awal pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia, 1-268.KPM [Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia]. (2001). Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan: matlamat dan visi.Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.Ku Hasnita Ku Samsu & Mohd Haizam Mohd Nor (2011). Kepentingan pendidikan patriotismeterhadap warganegara Malaysia. Jati. Vol. 16.Kuh, G. D. (1992). What do we do now? Implication for educations of how colleges affects students.American Educational Research Journal, 30(2): 277-304.Lachance, J. R. (2017). A case study of dual language program administrators: theteachers we need. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 12(1).Lam, K. W., Hassan, A., Sulaiman, T., & Kamarudin, N. (2018) Evaluating the face and contentvalidity of an instructional technology competency instrument for university Lecturers in Malaysia.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(5), 367385.Laporan Jawatankuasa Kabinet Mengkaji Dasar Pelajaran. (1979). Kuala Lumpur, Dewan Bahasadan Pustaka.Laporan Tahunan Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (2017). Kementerian PendidikanMalaysia.Lawshe, C. (1975). A quantitave approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4),563-575.Lay, Y. F., Khoo, C. H., & Ley, C. M. (2016). Pengenalan kepada analisis data dengan IBM SPSSstatistik 19 dalam penyelidikan sains sosial. Kota Kinabalu: UMS.Leaver-Dunn, D., Turner, L., & Newman, B. M. (2007). Influence of sports' programs and clubactivities on alcohol use intentions and behaviors among adolescent males.Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 51(3), 57.Lee Wei Chang, Baharuddin Azizan & Muhammad Amran (2013). National unity at the university level:importance of civilizational dialogue and way forward. European Scientific Journal. Vol. 4, pp 173 186.Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999). The relative effects of principal and teacher sources ofleadership on student engagement with school. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35 (5):679-706.Lewis, H. R. (2006). Excellence without a soul: How a great university forgot education (pp.1995-2003). New York: Public Affairs.Lim Yen Yen (1991). Remaja mengabaikan sukan. Dewan Siswa.Lokman Mohd Tahir, & Osmayati Othman. (2011). Keperluan aktiviti kokurikulum (Beruniform)kepada pelajar tingkatan empat di sekolah menengah kebangsaan di daerah Langkawi. FakultiPenndidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Loroche, M., & Merette, M. (1999). On the concept and dimensions of human capital in knowledge-based economy context. Canadian public policy- analyze de politiques, vol. xxv, no.1.Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2007). Leadership: theory, application and skilldevelopment (3rd ed.). New York: Southwestern Thomson.Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. NursingResearch, 35, 382-385.Madan, M., Ismail, M. T., & Daud, S. (2019). Importance of human capital development andcompetitiveness in enhancing competency level among Malaysia university graduates:literature review. E-Bangi Journal, 16(8), 1-15.Maamor, S., Ibrahim, A. Z., & Samsi, A. (2015). Faktor pemilihan jenis kokurikulum: Kajian kespelajar Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Journal of Holistic Student Development, 2(1), 35-46.Mahoney, J. L. (2000). School extracurricular activity participation as a moderater in thedevelopment of antisocial pattern. Child Development, 71(2), 502-516.Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia. (2012). Pelan transformasi tingkatan enam 2012. Putra Jaya: MajlisPeperiksaan Malaysia.Lee Wei Chang, Baharuddin Azizan & Muhammad Amran (2013). National unity at the university level:importance of civilizational dialogue and way forward. European Scientific Journal. Vol. 4, pp 173 186.Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999). The relative effects of principal and teacher sources ofleadership on student engagement with school. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35 (5):679-706.Lewis, H. R. (2006). Excellence without a soul: How a great university forgot education (pp.1995-2003). New York: Public Affairs.Lim Yen Yen (1991). Remaja mengabaikan sukan. Dewan Siswa.Lokman Mohd Tahir, & Osmayati Othman. (2011). Keperluan aktiviti kokurikulum (Beruniform)kepada pelajar tingkatan empat di sekolah menengah kebangsaan di daerah Langkawi. FakultiPenndidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Loroche, M., & Merette, M. (1999). On the concept and dimensions of human capital in knowledge-based economy context. Canadian public policy- analyze de politiques, vol. xxv, no.1.Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2007). Leadership: theory, application and skilldevelopment (3rd ed.). New York: Southwestern Thomson.Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. NursingResearch, 35, 382-385.Madan, M., Ismail, M. T., & Daud, S. (2019). Importance of human capital development andcompetitiveness in enhancing competency level among Malaysia university graduates:literature review. E-Bangi Journal, 16(8), 1-15.Maamor, S., Ibrahim, A. Z., & Samsi, A. (2015). Faktor pemilihan jenis kokurikulum: Kajian kespelajar Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Journal of Holistic Student Development, 2(1), 35-46.Mahoney, J. L. (2000). School extracurricular activity participation as a moderater in thedevelopment of antisocial pattern. Child Development, 71(2), 502-516.Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia. (2012). Pelan transformasi tingkatan enam 2012. Putra Jaya: MajlisPeperiksaan Malaysia.Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Abd Latif, M. N. (2019). Mengurus modal insan dalam industri4.0 ke arah kecemerlangan negara. e-Bangi, 16(6).Mancha, S. A., & Ahmad, A. (2016). Co-curricular activities and its effect on socialskills. International Conference on Education and Regional Development, Indonesia.Mansor, R., Ahmad, A., & Nik Yusuff, N. A. (2019). Student excellent character buildingthrough co-curricular activities (1-12). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 9(1), 1-12.Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Abd Latif, M. N. (2019). Mengurus modal insan dalam industri4.0 ke arah kecemerlangan negara. e-Bangi, 16(6).Mancha, S. A., & Ahmad, A. (2016). Co-curricular activities and its effect on socialskills. International Conference on Education and Regional Development, Indonesia.Mansor, R., Ahmad, A., & Nik Yusuff, N. A. (2019). Student excellent character buildingthrough co-curricular activities (1-12). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 9(1), 1-12.Mansor, R., Ahmad, A., & Yusuff, N. A. N. (2016). Student excellent character building throughco-curricular activities (1-12). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 9(1), 1-12.Marambe K.N. (2015). Redesigining the medical school learning environment to meet 21?? centuryskills. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 9(2).Marietta, K., gnes, K., & Andrs Istvn, K. (2014). The relationship betweenintelligence, emotional intelligence, personality styles and academic successbusiness education and accreditation. vol. 6(2).Marjohan Jamalis, & Mohd Sofian Omar Fauze. (2007). Developing human value through extracurricular activities. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 3(1).Mashitah Ghazali. (1995). Kegiatan kokurikulum di sekolah membantu membina daya kepimpinan dikalangan pelajar menengah atas Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid. Tesis tidak diterbitkan: Universiti UtaraMalaysia.Maskan, N. (2013). Pelaksanaan pentaksiran berasaskan sekolah (PBS) bagi mata pelajaran Sains di Sekolah Kebangsaan Daerah Pontian, Johor (Doctoral dissertation, UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia).Mazni Mustapha & Mahiran Masdin. (2014). Pengaruh perapatan ibu, bapa dan rakan sebaya ke atasadaptasi di universiti dan kepuasan hidup dalam kalangan murid- murid tahun pertama FakultiPsikologi dan Pendidikan UMS. Sabah: Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan Universiti MalaysiaSabah.McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from theobserver's perspective: data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3),547.McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: evidence-based inquiry.7th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson.Messo, M. S., Messa, S. K., & Mesa, K. F. (2019). Co-curricular activities and their impact onlearning process of students in secondary schools. Asia Pacific-Annual Research Journal of FarEast, & South East Asia, 34.Michael, S., & Ambotang, A. S. (2019). The relationship between co-curricular management and secondary school student involvement in co-curricular activities. MalaysianJournal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 4(7), 202-207.Michael, S., & Ambotang, A. S. (2020). Pengaruh teknologi digital terhadap penglibatan pelajardalam aktiviti kokurikulum sekolah menengah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(MJSSH), 5(6), 25-32.Michel Ferrary. (2015). Investing in transferable strategic human capital throughalliances in the luxury hotel industry. Journal of Knowledge Management, 19(5),1007-1028.Miller, D. K. (1998). Measurement by the physical educator. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C.Brown.Miller, D. K. (2020). Measurement by the physical educator: why and how. 8th ed.McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Mohamad Ridzuan Lau, Hishomudin Ahmad, Mohd Faisol Ibrahim, Nabilah Yusof, & Norlelawati Arifin(2015). Kemahiran insaniah dan aktiviti ko-kurikulum di sekolah menengah dan universiti awam.Language, Education and Research: upholding the fundamentals, embracing the cutting edge. Paper No:iLEC - 267. ResearchGate.Mohamad Ridzuan Lau, Hishomudin Ahmad, Mohd Faisol Ibrahim, Nabilah Yusof, NorlelawatiArifin (2015). Kemahiran insaniah dan aktiviti ko-kurikulum di sekolah dan universiti awam.Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Paper No: 267 iLEC.Mohamad Sari, N., & Esa, A. (2017). Factors affecting students participation in extra- curricular.Psychology, 6960-46962.Mohamad, H., & Esa, A. (2013). Pembangunan modal insan holistik pelajar menerusi aktivitikokurikulum. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.Mohamad, N. H., Ibrahim, B., & Selamat, A. (2019). Penerapan kemahiran komunikasi Bahasa Inggerismenerusi kursus badan beruniform Palapes UTHM. Online Journal for TVET Practioners, 4(2), 58-71.Mohamed I. M., Mahazan, A. M., Adel M. A., & Mikail, I. (2017). Exploring the role of humanresource management practices on labour productivity in Libyan National Oil Corporations. PertanikaJournal Social Science and Humanities, 25 (1), 317 336.Mohamed, N. A. S., & Baba, S. (2017). Proses pelaksanaan pengurusan kokurikulum yang diamalkan olehkumpulan pengurusan kokurikulum di sekolah menegah harian. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan,3(3), 17-43.Mohamed, N. A. S., Kean, T. H., Mohamed, N. A., & Mohamed, N. H. (2017). Proses pelaksanaanpengurusan kokurikulum yang diamalkan oleh kumpulan pengurusan kokurikulum (KPP koku) di sekolahmenegah harian, Lembah Klang. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum, & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 5(1), 31-54.Mohanaraju Annamalai. (2012). Pengaruh sokongan keluarga dalam penglibatan ko- kurikulum sekolah terhadap pencapaian kemahiran insaniah murid. Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis DekanPendidikan IPTA.Mohd Asri Abdullah, & Ferdous Azam. (2015). Meadiating relationship of financial practicebetween success: An empirical study on Malaysian small enterprises. Australian Academy ofBussiness and Economics Review, 1(1), 1-23.Mohd Burhan N., Tamuri A H, & Mohd Nordin N. (2016). Pembinaan hubungan di antara gurudengan pelajar. Technical and Social Science Journal (TSSJ), 5(1) p.138-148. ISSN: 2289-7356.Mohd Effendi @ Ewan, M. M., Hisyamsani, I., Normawati, A. R., & Ahmad Zamri, K. (2017). Kesahan kandungan pakar instrumen IKBAR bagi pengukuran AQ menggunakan nisbah kesahankandungan. In International Conference on Global Education, pp. 979-997.Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah, & Leow Tze Wei (2017). Kesahan dankebolehpercayaan instrumen penilaian kendiri pembelajaran geometri tingkatan satu. MalaysianJournal of Learning and Instruction: Vol. 14, No. 1: 211-26.Mohd Faizullah Mohamed (2014). Penerapan kemahiran insaniah dalam konteks membina insanberkepimpinan di kalangan pelajar melalui aktiviti kokurikulum. Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikaldan Vokasional (FPTV), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM).Mohd Fazli Hasan, Suhaida Abdul Kadir, & Soaib Asimiran. (2013). Hubungan persekitaransekolah dengan penglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah menengah. JurnalPendidikan Malaysia 38(2) (2013): 1-9.Mohd Fazli, H., Suhaida, A. K., & Soaib, A. (2015). Tahap persekitaran sekolah dalam pelaksanaan aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah. In Proceedings 3rd Regional Conference OnEducational Leadership and Management (pp. 368-379). Institut Aminuddin Baki.Mohd Hasril A., Isma, A. N., Fathin L. Z., & Norhayati, N. (2016). Tahap kemahiran generik pelajarMalaysia dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran: Kajian kes pelajar Institusi KemahiranMara, Johor Baharu. GEOGRAFIA-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(3), 111-121.Mohd Jaflus Bahari (2008). Faktor-faktor yang menghalang penglibatan pelajar dalam kegiatankokurikulum sukan di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah kebangsaan daerah Seremban.http://www.ipislam.edu.my/uploaded/file/jaflus.pdf [10 Januari 2019].Mohd Majid Konting (2009). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Mohd Noor, M. H., Suhadi, N., & Tee, T. K. (2017). Self awarreness curiculum activities andeffectiveness to youth. Social Science, 47228-47231.Mohd Sahandri Gani Hamzah, Noor Shah Saad, Husni Zaim Khairun Nasri, & Nur Nazurah MatYusof (2013). Transformasi pembinaan instrumen kajian terhadap pengurusan pengajaran guru.Dalam Prosiding MEDC Seminar Kebangsaan kali ke IV Majlis Dekan Pendidikan IPTA 2013. (m.s100-113). Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia.Mohd Sidi, Z., & Mamat, M. N. (2017). Keperluan model pentaksiran kemahiran(psikomotor): suatu pendekatan holistik dalam Pendidikan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional(PLTV). Journal of Contempory Islamic Studies, 3(2), 169-192.Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee, Aminuddin Yusof, Borhan Yusof. (2002). Kokurikulum,peranan dan implikasi. Kuala Lumpur: Sanon Printing.Mohd. Majid Konting. (2009). Penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa,& Pustaka.Mohler, C. (2002). Integrating the Co-Curriculum. Missouri: Truman State University.http://assessment.truman.edu.Mok Song Sang. (2010). Psikologi pendidikan dan pedagogi murid dan alam belajar.Kuala Lumpur. Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.Mok Soon Sang. (2009). Pengurusan kokurikulum & Pendidikan Sukan. Sdn. Bhd.Selangor Darul Ehsan: Penerbitan Multimedia.Mok Soon Sang. (2011). Pengurusan kokurikulum. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn.Bhd.Morris, A. B. (1995). The Catholic school ethos its effect on post - 16student academicachievement. Educational Studies 21(1): 67-83.Morris, E. (2019). Participation in extracurricular activities and academic achievement: AComprehensive Review.Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., & Kemp, J. E. (2007). Designing effective instruction. 5th ed. NJ:John Wiley, & Sons, Inc.Morrison, J. T. (2017). Factor analysis, exploratory. The International Encyclopedia ofCommunication Research Methods, 1-14.Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Disch, J. G., & Mood, D. P. (1995). Measurement and evaluation inhuman performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Dish, J. G., & Mood, D. P. (1995). Measurement and evaluation inhuman performance. Human Kinetics. 213-276.Morton, K. L., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K., Suhrcke, M., & Van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2016). The schoolenvironment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed?studiessystematic review. Obesity reviews, 17(2), 142-158.Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. W., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement oforganizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behaviour. 14(2):224-247.Muamat, O. (2016). Persepsi pelajar terhadap amalan pengajaran guru opsyen dan bukanopsyen sejarah serta hubungannya dengan sikap pelajar. Masters. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Munn, P. (2008). Ethos and discipline in the secondary school. In Scottish Education, ed.T. G. K. Bryce, and W. M. Humes, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research 4th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.Murwani, I. A. and Caesar, L. A. Y. (2016). Academic achievement, self-efficacy, and careeraspirations as the predictors of career success for a first job. Pertanika Journal Social Scienceand Humanities, 24 (S), 163 176.Musa, K., & Abd Halim, H. (2015). Kemahiran interpersonal guru dan hubungan dengan pencapaianakademik pelajar (Interpersonal teacher skill and its relationship with students academicachievement). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 40(2), 89-99.Musa, W. A., & Othman, R. (2014). Kesedaran kendiri terhadap aktiviti kokurikulum dankeberkesanannya kepada remaja. Proceeding of the Social Sciences Research ICSSR, 9-10.Musa, W. A., Othman, N., Latif, Y. A., Shaari, S. S., Ismail, W. N. H.W., & Ismail, S. F. (2018).Kokurikulum dan sahsiah pelajar: peranan dan hubungan antara keduanya. International Journal ofEducation, Psychology and Counseling, 3(18), 18-27.Muslihah, W. (2017). Model penerimaan perlombongan data pendidikan dalam kalanganpelajar universiti awam di Malaysia. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Mustafa Kamal Ali (2000). Faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pelajar Melayu tingkatanempat dalam aktiviti kokurikulum di rancangan Felda Daerah Segamat Selatan. Tesis yang tidakditerbitkan: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Muthike, W. N., Mwaruvie, J., & Mbugua, Z. K. (2017). Influence of school policies on studentsparticipation in co-curricular activities: a case of public secondary schools in Aberdare CentralRegion, Kenya. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences,Volume 4(5), ISSN (Online): 23495219.Naveen P., & Srivastava, S. K. (2017). The impact of spiritual intelligence, gender and educationalbackground on mental health among college students. Journal of Religion and Health, pp1-22.Nawaz, T., & Haniffa, R. (2017). Determinants of financial performance of Islamic banks:an intellectual capital perspective. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research,8(2), 130-142.Ngadiman, S. H., & Jamaludin, M. F. (2018). Hubungan di antara kemahiran kerjaberpasukan dan kemahiran komunikasi dalam kalangan pelajar semester akhir Politeknik.International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling, (3) (19), 01-18.Noor Azyani A. Jalil, & Ahmad Esa (2012). Kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah menerusi aktiviti kokurikulum (khidmat masyarakat) dalam kalangan pelajar UTHM. ProsidingSeminar Pendidikan Pasca Ijazah dalam PTV kali ke-2.Noor Azzam Syah, M. (2016). Pelaksanaan pengurusan kokurikulum di sekolah menengahharian/Noor Azzam Syah Mohamed (Doctoral dissertation, University ofMalaya Centre for Continuing Education (UMCCed).Noor Hafizah Mohd Haridi, Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Maizan Mat @ Muhammad, & Norsaleha Mohd Salleh.(2017). Elemen pembangunan modal insan dalam program pemulihan remaja di Taman Seri Putri, Cheras. 4?? International Research Management & Innovation Conference (IRMIC).Institut Latihan Malaysia (ILIM).Noor Hafizah Mohd Haridi, Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Maizan Mat@Muhammad, & Norsaleha MohdSalleh. (2019). Elemen Pembangunan Modal Insan Dalam Program Pemulihan Remaja DiTaman Seri Putri, Cheras. - 4th International Research Management & Innovation Conference.Noor Hafizah Mohd Haridi, Maizan Binti Mat @ Muhammad, Norsaleha Mohd Salleh, & Ahmad MunawarIsmail (2017). Pembangunan modal insan kepentingannya dalam program pemulihan remajabermasalah. 3rd International Conference on Islamiyyat Studies (Irsyad2017).Noor, J. B. M., Abbas, J. B., & Ibrahim, M. F. B. (2019). Kajian kes mengenai kadar penerimaanpelajar terhadap kokurikulum berkredit badan beruniform di Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Journal on Technical and Vocational Education, 4(3), 186-193.Noor, M., & Nadirah, F. (2012). Program pembangunan insan dalam kalangankakitangan Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Terengganu (JHEAT): masalah danpenyelesaian/Fatimah Nadirah binti Mohd Noor (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).Nooraini Othman, Wardatul Aishah Musa, & Mohd Nasrul Hakim. (2015). Kokurikulum di dalam sistem pendidikan di Malaysia: Satu tinjauan awal. Bahagian Perkembangan Kurikulum KPM,(1956), 1 6.Nor Hidayah Ahmad Damanhuri, & Yusmaria Mohd. Yusof (2014). Persepsi pelajar terhadappenglibatan aktiviti kokurikulum di kolej komuniti Hulu Langat. Kolokium Penyelidikan, & InovasiWilayah Selangor.Nor Hidayah, A. D., & Yusmaria, M. Y. (2014). Persepsi pelajar terhadap penglibatan aktivitikokurikulum di kolej komuniti Hulu Langat. Paper presented at Kolokium Penyelidikan & InovasiWilayah Selangor.Nor Suhara bin Haji Fadzil, & Jamil bin Ahmad, (2008). Kepentingan kokurikulum dalam pendidikan disekolah menengah. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Nor Suhara Fadzil, & Jamil Ahmad. (2010). Kepentingan kokurikulum dalam pendidikan di sekolahmenengah. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Teacher Education; Join Conference UPI& UPSI, Bandung, Indonesia.Norasmahani Nor, Zulkefli Aini, & Khadijah Abdul Razak. (2015). Impak teknologi maklumatdan komunikasi (TMK) dalam menjana kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pendidikan Islam.International Seminar on Tarbiyah (ISoT 2015), 1-14.Nordin, A. B. (2017). Kurikulum kearah penghasilan kemahiran berfikiran kritis, kreatifdan inovatif. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 1(1), 10-18.Norhannan Ramli. (2016). Prestasi guru pendidikan islam berasaskan daya kekuatan dalaman, kepimpinan pengetua dan iklim sekolah. Tesis PHD UM. Tidak diterbitkan.Norhisham Muhamad. (2015). Biah solehah dan penghayatan akhlak pelajar Sekolah Menengah KebangsaanAgama (SMKA). UPSI. Tesis PHD UPSI. Tidak diterbitkan.Nur Aishah Abdullah, & Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee (2002). Psikologi Sukan: Konsep Dalam Latihan DanPengajaran Sukan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors Sdn. Bhd.Nurfatimah Awang Da (2009). Bahan kesusasteraan pelbagai etnik dalam mewujudkan perpaduan nasionaldi sekolah. Jabatan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Literasi, Fakulti Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur:Universiti Malaya.Nurul Fadly Habidin, Nursyazwani Mohd Fuzi, Ummu Aiman Muhamad, Tuan Waheda Tuan Chik, & Sharon Yong Yee Ong. (2019). Amalan terbaik dalam penambahbaikan sistem pendidikan. Pengajaran dan penyelidikan. Kaizentrenovation Sdn Bhd Tanjung Malim.Odeh, R. C., Oguche, O. A., & Ivagher, E. O. (2015). Influence of school environment on academicachievement of student in secondary schools in zone "A" Senatorial District of Benue State,Nigeria. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 6(7), 4914-4922.Odogwu, H., Adeyemo, S. A., Jimoh, J. A., Yewonde, R. O. (2011). Science, mathematicsand technology teachers perception of school environment: Gender differences. MulticulturalEducation, & Technology Journal, 5(4): 274-287.Omar, N. A., & Zakaria, S. M. (2018). Hubungan di antara gaya keibubapaan dankecerdasan emosi dengan masalah tingkah laku kanak-kanak: satu sorotan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana,2(3), 1-7.Omardin Ashaari (1996): Pengurusan Kokurikulum. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & DistributorsSdn. Bhd.Omardin Ashaari. (2007). Pengurusan Sekolah: Satu Panduan Lengkap. Kuala Lumpur.Utusan Publication & Distribution Sdn. Bhd.Ornek, A.S., & Ayas, S. (2015). The relationship between intellectual capital, innovative workbehavior and business performance reflection. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1387-1395.Othman Lebar. (2009). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan metod.Tanjong Malim: Penerbit UPSI.Othman, M. K. H., Suhid, A., & Roslan, S. (2015). Penghayatan nilai murni dalamkalangan pelajar sekolah menengah masa kini. Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial Jilid, 1,20.Othman, M. K. H., Yusoff, M. Z. M., Rahim, F. A., Puteh, A., Kasa, M. D., & Roslan,N. (2016). Perspektif ibu bapa terhadap permasalahan dan cabaran dalampembentukan nilai murni pelajar. Sains Humanika, 8(4-2).Othman, M. K., & Suhid, A. (2010). Peranan sekolah dan guru dalam pembangunan nilai pelajarmenerusi penerapan nilai murni: satu sorotan. MALIM: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara,11, 117-130.Othman, M. S. B., & Kassim, A. Y. B. (2019). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen amalan pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam sekolah rendah di dalam mengintegrasikankemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) menerusi pengajaran akidah. O-JIE: Online Journal ofIslamic Education, 7(1), 15-26.Othman, M. S., & Kassim, A. Y. (2018). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen komposisipengajaran guru pendidikan Islam sekolah rendah yang mengintegrasikan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) menerusi pengajaran akidah. Sains Humanika, 10(3).Othman, Mohamad Khairi Haji, Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff, Fauziah Abdul Rahim, Alis Puteh, MuhamadDzahir Kasa, dan NurFasihah Roslan. "Perspektif ibu bapa terhadap permasalahan dan cabarandalam pembentukan nilai murni pelajar." Sains Humanika 8, no. 4-2.Othman, N., Wardatul Aishah, M., & Mohd Nasrul Hakim, J. (2016). Kokurikulum Di dalam SistemPendidikan di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan Awal. UTM Perdana School Universiti Teknologi Malaysia KualaLumpur, Malaysia.Othman, R., & Jasni, N. F. A. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pelajar dalamaktiviti kokurikulum di Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah. Politeknik & KolejKomuniti. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1).Pallant, J. (2011). A step by Step guide to data analysis using SPSS. 4th ed. Australia: Allen &Unwin.Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual. 4th ed. NSW: Allen & Unwin.Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS.5th ed. Spi ed. Maidenhead Open University: McGraw Hill.Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using spss program6th ed. London, UK: McGraw-Hill Education.Pant, N., & Srivastava, S. K. (2019). The impact of spiritual intelligence, gender and educationalbackground on mental health among college students. Journal of religion and health, 58(1),87-108.Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (20132025). Kementerian PelajaranMalaysia.Peng, C. F., & Majelan, N. (2019). Pelaksanaan pendidikan perpaduan menerusi teks KOMSAS dalamkalangan pelajar tingkatan dua. PENDETA: Journal of Malay Language, Education andLiterature, 10, 75-90.Peraturan-Peraturan Pendidikan (Kurikulum Kebangsaan) 1997.Peraturan-Peraturan Pendidikan (Persatuan Sekolah) 1998.Prihamdani, D. (2016). Pengaruh komunikasi keluarga terhadap penguasaan bahasa Inggerispeserta didik kelas x di SMK Pgri 1 Tambun Kecamatan Tambun Selatan Kabupaten Bekasi. JurnalSekolah Dasar, 1(1).Putri Zabariah Megat Abdul Rahman. (2008). Pemerhatian dan penilaian kanak-kanak.Fakulti Pendidikan dan Bahasa. OUM. Kuala Lumpur.Rahim, M, K., & Rohany N., 2017. Kesahan kandungan dan muka. teknik kesahan dan kebolehpercayaanalat ujian psikologi. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Rahmah Ismail (1996), Modal manusia dan perolehan buruh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka,h. 1.Rahman Abdul Wahab. (2008). Panduan Pengurusan Kokurikulum Sekolah. Edisi Semakan. Klang,Selangor: Er-Nur Sdn. Bhd.Rahman, M. G. A., & Othman, W. N. W. (2020). Pengaruh gaya kepimpinan dan kepuasankerja terhadap komitmen organisasi jurulatih pusat cemerlang Angkatan Tentera Malaysia. JurnalSains Sosial@ Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 80-92.Ramachandran, P., & Kenayathulla, H. B. (2018). Pengurusan keselamatan sekolah rendah diKuala Selangor. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 5(4), 57-71.Ramlah Jantan, & Mahani Razali (2002). Psikologi Pendidikan. Pendekatankontemporori. McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.Ramlan Abd. Wahab. (2004). Panduan pengurusan kokurikulum di sekolah. ISBN 983- 42077-0-0, BanterSdn. Bhd.Ramli, M. A., Mustapha, R., & Abd Rahman, R. (2018). Hubungan Kemahiran KebolehkerjaanPelajar Kolej Vokasional Pertanian Dengan Kesediaan Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0. Politeknik &Kolej Komuniti Journal of Life Long Learning, 2(1), 1-15.Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan (2006-2010). Unit Perancang Ekonomi. Jabatan Perdana Menteri(2006). Putrajaya.Rani, A., & Yusof, M. (2017). Pembinaan modul pentaksiran kemahiran insaniah melalui kokurikulum di Kolej Matrikulasi (Doctoral dissertation, UniversitiPendidikan Sultan Idris).Rani, M., & Keshwal, H. S. (2017). Effect of co-curricular activities on development of social skills of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Disability Managementand rehabilitation, 2(1), 18-21.Rashid, S. M. R. A., & Samat, N. (2018). Kemiskinan keluarga dan pengaruhnya terhadap tahappendidikan rendah masyarakat luar bandar: Kajian kes di jajahan Bachok, Kelantan (Familypoverty and its influence on rural community low education: Case study in Bachok District,Kelantan). e-Bangi, 15(2).Rathore, K., Chaudhry, A. Q., & Azad, M. (2018). Relationship between co-curricular activities andexam performance: mediating role of attendance. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(1), 183-196.Ratna Roshida Abd Razak (2010), Modal insan aset utama pembentukan tamadun bangsa,dalam Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor dan Ahmad Zaki Berahim @ Ibrahim (eds.), Pembangungan Modal Insan &Tamadun dari Perspektif Islam, Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Sejarah dan Tamadun Islam, AkademiPengajian Islam Universiti Malaya, h. 19-32.Raubenheimer, J. (2004). An item selection procedure to maximize scale reliability and validity. SAJournal of Industrial Psychology, 30(4), 59-64.Rayung, M. N., Ambotang, A. S., & Abdullah, M. Y. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan holistik terhadap kemenjadian pelajar tingkatan enam di Sabah. Jurnal Kesidang, 3(1),9-22.Rentoul, A. J., & Fraser, B. J. (1983). Development of a school level environmentquestionnaire. Journal of Educational Administration, 21: 21-37.Ridzuan Ahmad, & Azimah Abdullah. (2017). Iklim dini dan tahap penghayatan dalam kalangan gurupelatih IPGKSAH: satu kajian kes. Jurnal Penyelidikan Khazanah, jld. 19 IPG Kampus Sultan AbdulHalim.Ridzuan M. L, Ahmad, H., Ibrahim, M. F., Yusof, N., & Arifin, N. (2016). Kemahiran insaniah danaktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah menengah dan universiti awam. Language, Education andResearch: upholding the fundamentals, Embracing the Cutting Edge. Paper No: iLEC 2015-267.Rinaldi, R., Hamzah, M. I., & Nordin, N. M. (2015). Knowledge and attitude of lecturers towardusage of multimedia in teaching. Scientific Journal of PPI-UKM, 2(7), 300- 302.Robert D. Putnam (2000). Bowling Alone. New York: Simon, & Schuster Paperbacks.Robert, E. S. (2006). Educational Psychology: Theory and practice. 8th ed. PearsonInternational Edition.Rohani Arbaa, Hazri Jamil, & Mohammad Zohir Ahmad. 2017. Model bersepadu penerapankemahiran abad ke 21 dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. JurnalPendidikan Malaysia, 42(1): 111.Rohanida Ab. Manaf, & Mohd. Sofian Omar Fauzee (2002). Kepentingan kokurikulum dalam sistempendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors Sdn. Bhd.Rosmahalil Azrol Abdullah. (2017). Motivasi penglibatan pelajar UTHM terhadap aktivitikesukarelawan. Tesis Sarjana Yang Tidak Diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal Dan Vokasional,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.Rubeena, & Mohd Mahmood, S. (2019). Impact of participation in co-curricular activities on academicperformance and sociability of ix?? class students. Review of ReseaRch, Vol. 8(8), ISSN:2249-894X.Rudasill, K. M., Snyder, K. E., Levinson, H., & Adelson, J. L. (2017). Systems view of schoolclimate: a theoretical framework for research. Educational Psychology Review, 10, 1-26.Rufaidah, A. (2018). Analisis faktor terhadap komoditas pangan di Kabupaten Gresik.Rekayasa, 11(2), 153-162.Russell, V. J., Ainley, M., & Frydenberg, E. (2005). Student motivation and engagement.Schooling Issues Digest.Sabri, S. M., & Suhid, A. (2016). Kegiatan ko-kurikulum di sekolah dan kesannya kepada pembentukanakhlak murid. Journal of Islamic and Arabic Education 8(1), 2016 1- 10, ISSN 1985-6326.Sadia, I. W. (2015) Membangun insan yang literasi Sains & Teknologi dan berkarakter melaluiimplementasi Model Pembelajaran Sains-Teknologi-Masyarakat (STM). Prosiding Seminar NasionalMIPA.Safrit, M. J., & Wood, T. M. (1995). Introduction to measurement in physical education and exercisescience 3rd ed. St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby.Saidi, Z. A. (2016, January). Faktor dan peranan institusi keluarga dalam mencegahsalahlaku dan devian dalam kalangan remaja. In Proceeding 7th International Seminar onRegional Education (Vol. 1, pp. 147-157).Saiful Adli Mansor (2008). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pelajar sekolahdalam aktiviti kokurikulum. Kertas Projek Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan), Universiti Tun HusseinOnn, Batu Pahat.Saifullizam Puteh (2004). Pengurusan kokurikulum. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHO).Saleh Faghizadeh (2004), Sosiologi. Mohd Fauzi Yaacob (terjemahan). Kuala Lumpur: InstitutTerjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad, h.15-118.Samad, N. H., & Idris, M. S. (2017). Co-curricular importance in SecondarySchool. Educational Technology, 47747-47751.Samad, N. H., & Idris, M. S. (2017). Co-curricular importance in secondary school.Educational Technology, 47747-47751.Sari, M. D. (2017). Human capital development of Islamic perspective: impact to manager.Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2(1), 40- 53.Sari, N. M., Idris, M. S., & Ariffin, L. M. (2019). The potential of dual TVET System Players inco-curricular activitiesan approach from Malaysia. Potensi Pelajar. Proceeding 7??International Seminar on Regional Education, Vol. 1: 198-215.Saud, C. M., & Saad, Z. A. (2020). Teknik analisis swot dalam meningkatkan keberkesananpelaksanaan kokurikulum. Jurnal IPDA, 26(1), 36-47.Schultz, Theodore, W. (1971). Investment in human capital: The role of education and of research,New York: The Free Press, h. 161.Schwartz, K., Cappella, E., & Seidman, E. (2015). Extracurricular participation andcourse performance in the middle grades: A study of low-income, urban youth. AmericanJournal of Community Psychology, 56(3-4), 307-320.Sekaran, U. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. 7th ed.John Wiley & Sons.Seksyen 18, Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550).Seligman, M. (1992). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. New York: Freeman.Seman, A. A., Ahmad, A. R., Rahman, A. A. A., & Kimi, W. B. (2016). Peranan guru dan pelajardalam membentuk hubungan etnik di sekolah. In Proceeding 7th International Seminar onRegional Education (Vol. 1, pp. 64-78).Seow, P. S., & Pan, G. (2014). A Literature review of the impact of extracurricularactivities participation on students academic performance. Journal of Education for Business,89(7), 361-366.Serlin, R. C. (1987). Hypothesis testing, theory building, and the philosophy of science.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 365-371.Setiadi, H. (2016). Pelaksanaan penilaian pada Kurikulum 2013. Jurnal Penelitian dan EvaluasiPendidikan, 20(2), 166-178.Setiawan, R. A., & Hasbi, S. (2016). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nasabah dalam menggunakan produk jasa perbankan syariah (Studi Pt Bank Negara Indonesia CabangSukabumi). Nisbah: Jurnal Perbankan Syariah, 2(1), 219-234.Shaffer, M. L. (2019). Impacting student motivation: Reasons for not eliminatingextracurricular activities. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation &Dance, 90(7), 8-14.Shahar, S., Ismail, R., Noor, Z. M., & Yussof, I. (2014). Analisis kualiti pekerja dalam sektorperkhidmatan pendidikan tinggi swasta di Malaysia. Sains Humanika, 3(1).Shahff, M. K. M., Yusoff, M. S., Suki, N. M., Awang, H., & Jupiter, H. (2017).Pengantarabangsaan pendidikan tinggi: amalan dan cabaran. Labuan e-Journal of Muamalat and Society(LJMS).Shahiri, H., & Adnan, S. N. (2015). The Relevancy of co-curricular activities on gra- duatesemployability: Evidence from a Graduate Unemployment Duration Model. Prosiding Perkem 10, 93 98ISSN: 2231-962X.Shahruddin, N. J., Mansor, M., Madon, Z., & Hamsan, H. H. (2018). Hubungan pengaruh rakan sebaya,estim diri dan lokus kawalan dengan sikap terhadap tingkah laku seksual (Relationshipbetween peer influences, self esteem and locus of control with attitude towards sexual behavior).Akademika, 88(2).Shamaki, T. O. (2015). Influence of learning environment on students' academicachievement in mathematics: A case study of some selected secondary schools in Yobe State -Nigeria. Journal of Education and Pratice, 6(34).Shernof, D. J. (2013). Optimal learning environment to promote student engagement.Springer, New York.Sidek Mohd Noh, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.Sidik, I. F. B., Awang, M. M. B., & Ahmad, A. R. B. (2016). Etos dan budaya sekolah memberi kesankepada kemenjadian pelajar. In Proceeding 7th International Seminar on Regional Education(Vol. 1, pp. 226-235).Sidik, I. F., & Awang, M. M. (2020). Keterlibatan pelajar dan hubungannya dengankemahiran insaniah (Students involvement and its relationship with soft skills). JurnalPendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 45(1SI), 68-74.Sidik, I. F., Awang, M. M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2018). Sokongan persekitaran sosial di pelbagai jenissekolah menengah dalam meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah pelajar (Social environmental support invarious types of secondary schools in improving soft skills among students). Jurnal PendidikanMalaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 43(3), 67-76.Sidik, I. F., Awang, M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2020). Keterlibatan pelajar dan hubungannya dengankemahiran insaniah. Malaysian Journal of Education (0126-6020), 45.Sidik, I. F., Awang, M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2020). Keterlibatan Pelajar dan Hubungannya denganKemahiran Insaniah. Malaysian Journal of Education (0126-6020), 45.Siti Arni Basir, Hasan Al-Banna Mohamed, Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail, & Ilhaamie Abdul Ghani Azmi.(2016). Model integrasi faktor insaniah dalam pelaksanaan ISO9000: Analisis dari Perspektif Islam. Jurnal Usuluddin, 43, 137-170.Siti Marhamah Kamarul Arifain, Farrah Wahida Mustafar, Faudziah Yusof, Atini Alias, & Fazurah Mustaffa (2017). Penguasaan persekitaran terhadap kepuasan kokurikulum dalamkalangan pelajar di institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT). Melaka International Conference OnSocial Sciences (Melicoss17), ISBN: 978-967-14602- 5-2.Siti Nur Aisya Sugumarie Abdullah, & Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak. (2016). Hubungan dasar latihan dalamperkhidmatan dengan peningkatan profesionalisme guru-guru pendidikan Islam Sekolah MenengahDaerah Petaling Utama. Online journal of Islamic Education, 4(1), 17-27.Siti Rabaah Hamzah, Turiman Suandi, & Azimi Hamzah. (2015). Pengaruhkepercayaan, motivasi dan niat terhadap golongan belia dalam aktiviti sukarela di Malaysia.International Journal of Education and Training (InjET) 1(2): 110.Siti, N. H., & Muhammad, S. B. (2016). Assessing the validity of the cognitive load scale in aproblem-based learning setting. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 11(3), 194-202.Smith, A. (1776) (1909). Wealth of nations. In Harvard Classics. volume 10, edited byC. J. Bullock. New York: P. F Collier.Spearman, C. (1904). General intelligence, objectively determined and measured.American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201292.Spearman, C. (1927). The abilities of man: their nature and measurement. New York: Macmillan.Srivastava, V. P., Srivastava, A., & Gambhir, S. (2018). Curricular aspect with Special Focus onSkill Development. ESSENCE Int. J. Env. Rehab. Conserv. IX (1), 28-34.Standard Kualiti Pendidikan Malaysia. (2010). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Stoner, J. A., Freeman, R. E., & Gilbert, D. R. (1995). Pengurusan 6th ed. Terjemahan olehEnglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.Sub peraturan 3(1) dalam Peraturan-peraturan (Kurikulum Kebangsaan) 1997 yang diterbitkansebagai P.U.(A) 531/97.Subseksyen 135(1) Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550).Subseksyen 135(2) Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550).Sudarsana, I. K. (2016). Peningkatan mutu pendidikan luar sekolah dalam upaya pembangunansumber daya manusia. Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu, 1(1), 1-14.Suhadi, N., & Warman, S. (2017). Research Proposal: Effectiveness of curriculum activitytowards the establishment of identity of students of higher educationinstitutions in the present. Elixir International Journal. 46895-46896.Sung, K.S. (2018). Industry 4.0: A Korea perspective. Technological Forecasting andSocial Change, 132, 40-45.Supian Hashim, Ahmad Shamsul Haji Tumijan, & W. Norasekin W. Hussain. (2017) Transformasipengurusan kokurikulum melonjakkan penyertaan dan pencapaian kokurikulum sekolah sehinggapersada antarabangsa: Satu perkongsian ilmu di SK Canossian Convent, Segamat, Johor. ArtikelISPEN, KUIS Conference, Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor.Suppian, Z., & Ahmad, J. (2016). Analisis darjah kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumensikap guru pelatih terhadap pentaksiran pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 9(2), 25-34.Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 1/1985.Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 1/1995.Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 16/2000.Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil.7/2006.Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bilangan 9, bertarikh 9 November 2018. Garis Panduan Amalan PelaksanaaanHarian Bagi Perpaduan Di Sekolah Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Surat Pekeliling Kewangan Bil.8/2010.Switzer, R. (2002). Co-curricular program. Busselton: Georgiana Molloy Anglican School.http://www.gmas.wa.edu.au/co-curriculum.htm.Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statisticsVol. 5. Boston, MA: Pearson.Tabachnick, G. B., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics 7th ed. New York:Pearson Educational Inc.Tableman, B. (2004). School climate and learning. Best Practice Beliefs, 31: 1-10.Tahir, L. M., & Othrnan, O. (2011). Keperluan aktiviti kokurikulum (beruniform) kepada pelajartingkatan empat di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan di Daerah Langkawi. Journal of ScienceSocial, 4(1).Talib, N. H. F., Saleh, N. A. M., & Badli, N. M. (2018). Pengaruh lingkungan sosial terhadap penghayatan akhlak Pelajar Politeknik Banting Selangor dan Kolej Komuniti KualaLangat, Malaysia. Sosial Budaya, 14(2), 119-128.Tam Yeow Kwai (2010). Pengurusan Kokurikulum. Kuala Lumpur: Kumpulan BudimanSdn. Bhd.Tamuri, A. H., & Hussin, N. H. (2017). Pembelajaran abad ke 21 dalam kepelbagaian budaya: harapandan cabaran. Seminar Pedagogi Antarabangsa Ke-8 (PEDA8) (Vol. 8, pp. 1-12).Tan, R., & Abiddin, N. Z. (2016). Tinjauan permasalahan akhlak belia di institusipengajian tinggi. Mimbar Pendidikan, 1(2).Tarigan, T., Ervani, N., & Lubis, S. (2016). Pola menonton televisi dan pengaruhnya terhadap anak.Sari Pediatri, 9(1), 44-7.Templeton, R. A., & Johnson, C. E. (1998). Making the School environment safe: Red roses formula.Learning Environments Research, 1: 3557.Teng Bon Teng (1984). Pendidikan jasmani di sekolah rendah (Edisi ke-2). Petaling Jaya:Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.Thomas, J. R., & Nelson, J. K. (1996). Research methods in physical activity (3rd ed.).Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Thunen, J. H. Von. (1966). Von Thunens Isolated State. (English edition of Der Isolierte Staat,translated by Carla Wartenberg and edited by Peter Hall. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Tin, A. C., & Wah, L. L. (2017). Instrumen penilaian kualiti untuk modul pengajaran: pengujianciri psikometrik. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 4(4), 25-43.TU Qingyin, & LI Changbao. (2017). A review on textless back translation of China Themed workswritten in English. Studies in Literature and Language, 14(1), 1-7.Tuan Ismail Tuan Soh. (1999). Kokurikulum daripada perspektif falsafah pendidikan Negara.Prosiding isu-isu pendidikan negara: Isu dasar, falsafah dan matlamat. Jilid 1. FakultiPendidikan UKM.Tuckman, B. W., & Waheed, M. A. (1981). Evaluation an individualized science programmefor community college students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18:489-495.Tunggak, B., Ngadi, S., & Naim, H. A. (2015). Delinkuen pelajar dan cadanganpenyelesaiannya menerusi model pembangunan sahsiah remaja/pelajar muslim bersepadu (Studentsdelinquency and proposed solutions through teen model of conduct/integrated muslim students). Jurnal Hadhari: An International Journal, 7(2), 11-30.Ubaka, C. M., & Ukwe, C. V. (2019). Communication skills and their association with self-reported academic performances of Nigerian pharmacy students. African Journal of HealthProfessions Education, 11(3), 88-95.Untara, I. M. G. S., & Somawati, A. V. (2020). Internalisasi Pendidikan Karakter Pada Anak UsiaDini Dalam Keluarga Hindu Di Desa Timpag Kabupaten Tabanan. Cetta:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 333-358.Urlings-Strop, L. C., Themmen, A. P. N., & Stegers-Jager, K. M. (2017). The relationship betweenextracurricular activities assessed during selction and during medical school and performance.Advances in Health Sciences Education, 22(2), 287-298.Uthman, K. Y. (2018). The influence of transformational leadership style and school environmenttowards school improvement in Nigerian secondary schools (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti UtaraMalaysia).Van Ryzin, M. J. (2011). Protective factors at school: Reciprocal effects amongadolescents perceptions of the school environment, engagement in learning and hope.Journal Youth Adolescence, 40: 15681580.Veneziani, C. A., Fuochi, G., & Voci, A. (2017). Self-compassion as a healthy attitude toward theself: Factorial and construct validity in an Italian sample. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 119, 60-68.Vest, A. E. (2011). Sport participation and alcohol use during adolescence: mediators andmoderators explaining the positive relation (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University).Wahab, N. A. (2018). Kandungan bahan dalam media massa yang menarik minat pelajar. Kajian diSekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Daerah Pasir Puteh, Kelantan. Asian People Journal (APJ), 1(2),84-91.Wahid, A. (2017). Pembangunan teras modal insan dalam adat budaya melayu. Jurnal Peradaban Melayu,12, 11-17.Wahid, A. H. (2015). Kesepaduan pendidikan modal insan dalam organisasipendidikan. Jurnal Peradaban Melayu, 10, 33-41.Wahid, Razzaly, Asri Selamat, Abdullah Sulaiman, Berhannudin Mohd Salleh, Ahmad Esa & MuhammadNubli Abd Wahab (2006). Penilaian dan penarafan kemahiran insaniah di kalangan pelajar. UPM.Walker, V. N. (2010). Office of Co-Curricular Life. Sweet Briar College 2010-2011, StudentHandbook (2011).Wang, M. T., Chow, A., Hofkens, T., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2015). The trajectories ofstudent emotional engagement and school burnout with academic and psychological development:Findings from Finish adolescents. Learning and Instruction, 36, 57 65.Wardhani, I. G. (2014). Penelitian tindakan kelas. 1-36.Warman, S. (2017). Research proposal: effectiveness of curriculum activity towards theestablishment of identity of students of higher education institutions in the present. EducationalTechnology, 46895-46896.Warta Kerajaan Jil. 42/No. 11(Tambahan No. 41), Perundangan (A), P.U. (A) 196bertarikh 21hb. Mei1998.Wiersma, W. (1986). Research method in education. An introduction. 4th ed.Massachusettes: Allyn and Bacon Inc.Williams, B., Brown, T., & Onsman, A. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide fornovices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3).Wolniak, G. C., Wells, R. S., Engberg, M. E., & Manly, C. A. (2016). Collegeenhancement strategies and socioeconomic inquality. Research in Higher Education, 57(3), 310-334.Wong Huey Ling (2007). Tahap penglibatan pelajar di sekolah menengah dalam aktiviti kokurikulumdan hubungannya dengan pembentukan daya kepimpinan. Tesis Sarjana. Universiti TeknologiMalaysia.Wong, Y. M., Rosnidar, M., Syakirah, S. (2015). The use of critical reflection manual in writingreflective journal: A case study of Malaysian student teachers perceptions. GEOGRAFIA-MalaysianJournal of Society and Space,12(1), 8-18.World Economic Forum (2009), The global competitiveness report 2009-2010, Geneva: World EconomicForum.Wright, P., Pringle, C. I., & Kroll, M. (1992). Strategic Management. Text and Cases.Yaacob, Y., & Ahmad, R. (2020). Penerapan kemahiran insaniah melalui interaksi dan integriti(2Icamp) Modul Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Tamadun Islam Dan Tamadun Asia (Titas) diUniversiti Sunway Malaysia. Practitioner Research, 1, 127- 154.Yaakob, M. F. M., Yunus, J. N., & Jafar, M. F. (2020). Evaluate the activities of 1M1S and co-curriculum in Kedah: insight from Teachers. Universal Journal of EducationalResearch, 8(1), 183-190.Yahaya, A., Ramli, J., Hashim, S., Ibrahim, M. A., Rahman, R. R., & Yahaya, N. (2009). Discipline problems among secondary school students in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. EuropeanJournal of Social Sciences, 11(4), 659-675.Yahya, S. M. N. S., Kutty, F. M., & Hadi, N. A. A. (2019). Students personalities and the level ofengagement in co-curricular activities. Creative Education, 10(12), 2984.Yamamoto, B. A., Saito, T., Shibuya, M., Ishikura, Y., Gyenes, A., Kim, V., & Kitano,C. (2016). Implementation and impact of the dual language IB DP programme in Japanese secondaryschools. Final report.Yamin, M. (2017). Metode pembelajaran bahasa inggris di tingkat dasar. Jurnal Persona Dasar, 1(5),8297.Yazzie-Mintz, E. (2007). Voices of students on engagement: A report on the 2006 high school surveyof student engagement. Bloomington: Center for Evaluation &Education Policy, Indiana University.Yeop Hussin Bidin (2006). Kerja Berpasukan. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: PTSProfessional Publishing Sdn.Bhd. 1-25.Yunus, H. M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2016). Kemahiran insaniah ke arah pembentukan potensi pelajar. InProceeding 7th International Seminar on Regional Education (Vol. 1, pp. 198-215).Yunus, H. M., Ahmad, A. R., & Saleha, A. (2015). Kemahiran insaniah ke arahpembentukan potensi pelajar. In Proceeding 7th International Seminar on Regional Education, (Vol.1, pp. 198-215).Yusak, Y. B. M., Abdul Rahim, A. I., & Ramli, A. R. B. (2019). TransformasiKokurikulum Berkredit Politeknik Malaysia. Journal on Technical and Vocational Education, 4(3),116-128.Yusnizam Ahmad, (2008). Extra-curricular teacher readiness to manage uniform societies insecondary schools in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.Zahir, M. Z. M., Saper, M. N., & Bistamam, M. N. (2019). Kesahan dankebolehpercayaan Modul Kelompok Bimbingan Integrasi REBT-Tazkiyah An-Nafs. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education (JRPPTTE), 9(1), 58-69.Zainal, M. A., Matore, M. E. E. M., Musa, W. N. W., & Hashim, N. H. (2020). Kesahan kandunganinstrumen pengukuran tingkah laku inovatif guru menggunakan kaedah nisbah kesahan kandungan (CVR)(Content validity of teacher innovative behaviour measurement instruments using content validity ratio (CVR) method). Akademika, 90(3).Zainuddin Awang, Hui, L. S., & Nur Fairuza Syahira Zainuddin. (2018). Pendekatan Mudah SEM:Structural Equation Modelling. Bandar Baru Bangi: MPWS Rich Resources Sdn Bhd.Zainuddin, Z. A., Daud, Y., Nor, M., & Azmi, S. (2016). Pengurusan kokurikulum dan tahap penglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti kokurikulum di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan DaerahKuala Terengganu. Proceeding of ICECRS, 1, 891-900.Zakaria, A., & Mansor, A. Z. (2018). Peranan Guru Besar dalam pengurusankokurikulum daripada perspektif guru penasihat kokurikulum sekolah rendah di Zon Cheras, DaerahHulu Langat, Selangor. Selangor Humaniora Review, 2(2), 80-94.Zakaria, J., & Daud, S. (2018). Menelusuri pendemokrasian di Malaysia: impak terhadap pencapaianintegrasi nasional. e-Academia Journal, 7(1).Zaliza Mohd Nasir, & Norlin Ahmad (2009). Pembangunan sosial dalam hubungan etnik. Dalam KassimThukiman dan Hamidah Abdul Rahman, Hubungan Etnik DiMalaysia: Perpektif Teori dan Praktik, pp. 141 154.Zalizan Mohd Jelas, Amla Salleh, Norzaini Azman, Rohana Jani, Ramlah Hamzah, IzwanMahmud, Zaleha Ab. Hamid, Hanizah Hamzah, & Hutkemri. (2014). Perbezaan gender dalamsokongan pembelajaran dan pencapaian akademik peranan perantara keterlibatan murid di sekolah.Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, (11): 237262.Zeichner, K. (1986). The ecology of field experience: toward an understanding of the role of fieldexperiences in teacher development. In. edited by Habermun, M., & Backus,J. M., Advances in teacher education, 3: 94117.Zulkafli Mansor (1997). Hubungan antara faktor sekolah dengan penglibatan ko- kurikulum dikalangan pelajar. Kertas Projek. Universiti Utara Malaysia.Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff (2015). Keseimbangan modal insan/human capital development dalam membangunmasyarakat holistik dari kacamata al-Quran. Kertas kerja yangdibentangkan dalam Seminar al-Quran. Anjuran Kerajaan Negeri Pulau Pinang.