The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom

Kajian ini merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan kemahiran menulis di kalangan murid Tahun 3 disekolah rendah. Kajian ini melibatkan penggunaan intervensi dalam bentuk modul penulisan kontekstual untuk mengkaji keberkesanan kaedah penulisan terbimbing denganpenggunaan gambar tersendiri terhadap k...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5904
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:5904
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan
The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
description Kajian ini merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan kemahiran menulis di kalangan murid Tahun 3 disekolah rendah. Kajian ini melibatkan penggunaan intervensi dalam bentuk modul penulisan kontekstual untuk mengkaji keberkesanan kaedah penulisan terbimbing denganpenggunaan gambar tersendiri terhadap kemahiran menulis murid. Reka bentuk kaedah campuran digunakan yang melibatkan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen dan analisis kandungan untukmengukur prestasi menulis dan kualiti ayat murid. Pra-ujian dan ujian pasca dianalisis secarakuantitatif menggunakan SPSS dan secara kualitatif dengan satu set rubrik danjumlah frekuensi.Lima puluh pelajar terlibat dalam kajian ini (Kumpulan kawalan: n=25; Kumpulan eksperimen: n=25). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan eksperimen mendapat skor yang lebihtinggi dalam ujian pasca (m=9.48, t=9.67, p=0.01) berbanding pra ujian (m=l.00, t=8.45,p=0.00). Murid-murid dalam kumpulan kawalan tidak merekodkan peningkatan dalam ujian pasca(m=2.68, t=88.15,p=O.OO) apabila dibandingkan dengan pra-ujian (m=2.52, t=3.89,p=O.OO). Terdapatperbezaan yang signifikan antara skor min pra-ujian antara kumpulan eksperimen (m=l.00) dankumpulan kawalan (m=2.52) berbanding skor pasca ujian (Kumpulan kawalan: m=2.68, Kumpulaneksperimen: m=9.48). Bagi kualiti ayat, kumpulan eksperimen menunjukkan peningkatan dalam ujianpasca berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. 25 murid dalam kumpulan eksperimen berbanding dengan 15murid dalam kumpulan kawalan berjaya menulis 3 ayat dalam komposisi mereka. 12 murid dalamkumpulan eksperimen berbanding dengan 1 murid dalam kumpulan kawalan menulis komposisitanpa kesilapan. 25 murid dalam kumpulan eksperimen berbanding sifar murid dalam kumpulankawalan menulis komposisi dengan idea-idea yang teratur. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan gambartersendiri dalam kaedah penulisan terbimbing mempunyai kesan positif ke atas kemampuan murid untuk menulis komposisi pendek. Penemuan kajian ini releven denganpengajaran penulisan di kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Adalah dicadangkan bahawa perkembanganpenulisan di kalangan murid sekolah rendah akan dibimbing secara sistematik dandijalankan menggunakan gambar tersendiri.
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan
author_facet Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan
author_sort Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan
title The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
title_short The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
title_full The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
title_fullStr The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
title_full_unstemmed The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
title_sort effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi
publishDate 2019
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5904
_version_ 1747833235046400000
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:59042021-04-28 The effectiveness of guided writing using individual pictures in a year three classroom 2019 Sharon Vijaya Balakrishnan LB Theory and practice of education Kajian ini merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan kemahiran menulis di kalangan murid Tahun 3 disekolah rendah. Kajian ini melibatkan penggunaan intervensi dalam bentuk modul penulisan kontekstual untuk mengkaji keberkesanan kaedah penulisan terbimbing denganpenggunaan gambar tersendiri terhadap kemahiran menulis murid. Reka bentuk kaedah campuran digunakan yang melibatkan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen dan analisis kandungan untukmengukur prestasi menulis dan kualiti ayat murid. Pra-ujian dan ujian pasca dianalisis secarakuantitatif menggunakan SPSS dan secara kualitatif dengan satu set rubrik danjumlah frekuensi.Lima puluh pelajar terlibat dalam kajian ini (Kumpulan kawalan: n=25; Kumpulan eksperimen: n=25). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan eksperimen mendapat skor yang lebihtinggi dalam ujian pasca (m=9.48, t=9.67, p=0.01) berbanding pra ujian (m=l.00, t=8.45,p=0.00). Murid-murid dalam kumpulan kawalan tidak merekodkan peningkatan dalam ujian pasca(m=2.68, t=88.15,p=O.OO) apabila dibandingkan dengan pra-ujian (m=2.52, t=3.89,p=O.OO). Terdapatperbezaan yang signifikan antara skor min pra-ujian antara kumpulan eksperimen (m=l.00) dankumpulan kawalan (m=2.52) berbanding skor pasca ujian (Kumpulan kawalan: m=2.68, Kumpulaneksperimen: m=9.48). Bagi kualiti ayat, kumpulan eksperimen menunjukkan peningkatan dalam ujianpasca berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. 25 murid dalam kumpulan eksperimen berbanding dengan 15murid dalam kumpulan kawalan berjaya menulis 3 ayat dalam komposisi mereka. 12 murid dalamkumpulan eksperimen berbanding dengan 1 murid dalam kumpulan kawalan menulis komposisitanpa kesilapan. 25 murid dalam kumpulan eksperimen berbanding sifar murid dalam kumpulankawalan menulis komposisi dengan idea-idea yang teratur. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan gambartersendiri dalam kaedah penulisan terbimbing mempunyai kesan positif ke atas kemampuan murid untuk menulis komposisi pendek. Penemuan kajian ini releven denganpengajaran penulisan di kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Adalah dicadangkan bahawa perkembanganpenulisan di kalangan murid sekolah rendah akan dibimbing secara sistematik dandijalankan menggunakan gambar tersendiri. 2019 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5904 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5904 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi Ali, N. (2013). A changing paradigm in language planning: English-medium instruction policy at thetertiary level in Malaysia. Current Issues in Language Planning, 14(1), pp.73-92.Abbott, B. B. (2002). Research design and methods: A process approach. McGrawHill.Amin, N. F., Saud, M. S., Kamin, Y., Latib, A. A., Hanapiah, H. S. M., & Noor, N. H.M. (2018). The Aftermath of Transformation of Malaysia Vocational Education System on EarlyChildhood Studies in Vocational Colleges. Advanced Science Letters, 24(4), 2527-2531.Andayani. (2015). The implementation of contextual approach in solving problemsunderstanding syntax: Sentence Indonesian at Universities in Sueakarta, Indonesia.Journal of Education and Practice, 6(30), 188-201.Andiema, N., & M'mbone, J. (2014). Challenges in teaching composition writing insecondary schools in Pokot County, Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice,5(1), 132-138.Anisah Shukry. (2014). RM270 million spent on English yet no results. Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved from http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/03/24/rm270million-spent-on-english-yet-no-results/Ariningsih, D. (2010). The Effectiveness Of Using Picture Series To Improve The Students'writingSkill Viewed From Their Leaming Motivation (An Experimen tal Study in the Seventh Grade of SMPN 1Tanjung Anom Nganjuk in the Academic Year 2008/2009). (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas SebelasMaret).Ayuningtyas, B. D., & Wulyani, A. N. (2012). Using Picture Sequences to Improve the Ability ofEleventh Graders at SMAN 1 Srengat-Blitarin Writing Narrative Texts. Accessed on October 3 2015,retrieved from ht-tpjurnal online. um. ac.id/data-./artikel-lartikel/637D0BAC482D, 9819(2), 5.Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by mm bakhtin (m. holquist, ed.; c.emerson & m. holquist, trans.).Basturkmen, H., & Von Randow, J. (2014). Guiding the reader (or not) to re-create coherence:Observations on postgraduate student writing in an academic argumentative writing task. Journal ofEnglish for Academic Purposes, 16, 14- 22.Belland, B. R., Glazewski, K. D., & Richardson, J.C. (2011). Problem-based learning andargumentation: Testing a scaffolding framework to support middle school students' creation ofevidence-based arguments. Instructional Science, 39(5), 667-694.Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1985). Cognitive coping strategies and the problem of "inertknowledge". Thinking and learning skills, 2, 65-80.Bhooth, A., Azman, H., & Ismail, K. (2014). The Role of the L1 as a Scaffolding Tool in the EFLReading Classroom. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 118,76-84.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.011Brown, H. D., & Lee, H. (2000). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to languagepedagogy (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.Brown, K., Cummins, J., & Sayers, D. (2007). Literacy, technology, and diversity: Teaching forsuccess in changing times (pp. 91-111). Boston, MA: Pearson.Chairena, M. S. (2007). The Use of Picture to Teach Writing Descriptive Text (The Case of EighthYear Students of SMPN 13 Semarang in The Academic Year of 2006/2007). Semarang State University.Unpublished Tesis.Chitravelu, N. (1995). The status and role of English in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya:United States Information Agency.Chomsky, N. (2006). On cognitive structures and their development: A reply to Piaget. Philosophyof mind: Classical prob/ems/contemporary issues, 751- 755.Christensen, L., & Johnson, B. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixedapproaches. Sage.Cremin, Eve Beame, Henrietta Dombey and Maureen Lewis. (2009). Teaching English creatively. NewYork: Taylor & Francis group.Dani, L. S. (2014). Improving Writing skill through Guided Writing of The Eighth Grade Students ofSMPN 2 Selat in Academic Year 2013/2014 (Bachelor Thesis). Retrieved fromhttp://unmas-library.ac.id/wp-contentDarwin, A. (2000). Critical reflections on mentoring in work settings. Adult education quarterly,50(3), 197-211.Delaitre, V., Laptev, I., & Sivic, J. (2010, August). Recognizing human actions in still images: astudy of bag-of-features and part-based representations. In BMVC 2010-21st British Machine VisionConference.Deviani, D., Suhart, S., & Suhartono, L. (2019). The effectiveness of guided writing technique inteaching writing report text. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 7(8).Dorfman, L. R., & Cappelli, R. (2017). Mentor texts: Teaching writing through children'sliterature, K-6. Stenhouse Publishers.Dorn, L. (1996). A Vygotskian perspective on literacy acquisition: Talk and action in the child'sconstruction of literate awareness. Literacy, Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 15.Dowden, T. (2007). Relevant, challenging, integrative and exploratory curriculum design:Perspectives from theory and practice for middle level schooling in Australia. The AustralianEducational Researcher, 34(2), 51-71.Doyle, B. (2013). English and englishness. Routledge.Dunigan, B., & Curry, K. J. (2006). Motivation and learning strategies of students in distanceeducation. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, 51(2), 140-155.Ebenezer, J., Liang, L. L., & Yost, D.S. (2007). Characteristics of pre-service teachers' onlinediscourse: The study of local streams. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 19(1), 69-79.Erdogan, T., & Erdogan, 0. (2013). A metaphor analysis of the fifth grade students' perceptionsabout writing. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22(4), 347- 355.Fadlilah, F. N. (2016). Character education in EFL class (a descriptive study at the fourth gradeof SDN Sadeng 02 Gunungpati Semarang in the academic year of 2013/2014)(Doctoral dissertation, UINWalisongo).Fernandes, P., Leite, C., Mouraz, A., & Figueiredo, C. (2013). Curricular contextualization:Tracking the meanings of a concept. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22(4), 417-425.ChicagoFerris, D. R. (2002). Treatment of error in second language writing classes. Ann Arbor, MI:University of Michigan Press, 123.Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T. (2018). Language and control.Routledge.Fuchs, N. E., Bernstein, A., Kaufmann, E., & Von Bonin, J. (2004). Talking to the semantic web-acontrolled English query interface for ontologies. In 14th Workshop on Information Technology andSystems (pp. 212-217).Fleming, N. D. (2001). Teaching and learning styles: VARK strategies. IGI Global. Galbraith, D.(2009). Writing about what we know: Generating ideas in writing. TheSAGE handbook of writing development, 48-64.Gerde, H. K., Bingham, G. E., & Pendergast, M. L. (2015). Reliability and validity of the WritingResources and Interactions in Teaching Environments (WRITE) for preschool classrooms. EarlyChildhood Research Quarterly, 31, 34-46.Gibbons, P. (2002). Scaffolding language, scaffolding learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Gibson, S. A., & Moss, B. (2016). Every young child a reader: Using Marie Clay's key concepts forclassroom instruction. Teachers College Press.Gilbert, J., & Graham, S. (2010). Teaching writing to elementary students in grades4-6: A national survey. The Elementary School Journal, 110(4), 494-518.Goodwin, P. (Ed.). (2017). The literate classroom. Routledge.Graddy, K., & Stevens, M. (2005). The impact of school resources on student performance: A study ofprivate schools in the United Kingdom. /LR Review, 58(3), 435-451.Graham, S., Harris, K. R., & Mason, L. (2005). Improving the writing performance, knowledge, andself-efficacy of struggling young writers: The effects of self regulated strategy development.Contemporary EducationalPsychology, 30(2), 207-241.Gribbons, B., & Herman, J. (1997). True and quasi-experimental designs.Gustilo, L., & Dimaculangan, N. (2018). Attitudes of Filipino English Teachers Toward 21st CenturyPhilippine English Writing. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8349-8352.Gutierrez, K. G. C., Puello, M. N., & Galvis, L.A. P. (2015). Using Pictures Series Technique toEnhance Narrative Writing among Ninth Grade Students at Instituci6n Educativa Simon Araujo. EnglishLanguage Teaching, 8(5), 45-71.Hamilton, Kenny, L., & Hill, E., (2016). The relationship between social and motor cognition inprimary school age-children. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 228.Harmer, J. (2006). How to teach writing. Pearson Education India.Hasanah, H. U. (2015). Teaching Grammar Using Pictures. O.KARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 9(1),103-112.Heaton, J.B. (1990). Classroom testing (p. 127). Harlow, England: Longman.Illustrative Model of Scaffolding, www.niu.edu/facdev, n.d.Ismail, S. B., & Maasum, T. N. R. T. M. (2009). The effects of cooperative learning in enhancingwriting performance. Retrieved December, 16, 2018.Johnson, P. D., & Besselsen, D. G. (2002). Practical aspects of experimental design in animalresearch. ILARjournal, 43(4), 202-206.Jones, C. D. 0. (2015). Effects of writing instruction on kindergarten students' writingachievement: An experimental study. The Journal of Educational Research, 108(1), 35-44.Kamarulzaman, W., & Ahmad, I. S. (2014). Contributing Factors to Children's Critical ThinkingAbility: The Perception of Pre-Service Teachers from A Private University in Malaysia. SoutheastAsia Psychology Journal, 2.Kamil, R.(2018). Exploring Teacher's Scaffolding to the Students in Teaching Writing. Journal ofEnglish and Education, 5(2), 187-193.Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). (Ed.). English as an International Language in Asia:Implications for Language Education. Netherland: Springer.Khoo, C. S. G., & Sun, G., (2017). Social science research data curation: issues of reuse.Libellarium: Journal for the research of writing, books, and cultural heritage institutions, 9(2).Kodoatie, L. H. M. (2013). Improving Students' skills Of Writing Recount Texts By Using PictureSeries For The Eighth Grade Students OfSMPN 1 Seyegan In The Academic Year Of 2012/2013 (Doctoraldissertation, Thesis. English Education Department, Faculty of Language and Arts: Yogyakarta StateUniversity. Retrieved from http://eprints. uny. ac. id/22577).Kumaravadivelu, B. (2012). Language teacher education.for a global society: A modular model forknowing, analyzing, recognizing, doing, and seeing. Routledge.Lantolf, J.P., Thome, S. L., & Poehner, M. E. (2015). Sociocultural theory and second languagedevelopment. Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, 207-226.Lee, I. (2014). Revisiting teacher feedback in EFL writing from sociocultural perspectives. TesolQuarterly, 48(1), 201-213.Llopart, M., & Esteban-Guitart, M. (2017). Strategies and resources for contextualising thecurriculum based on the funds of knowledge approach: a literature review. The AustralianEducational Researcher, 44(3), 255-274.Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology design. Routledge.andMansourzadeh, N. (2014). A comparative study of teaching vocabulary through pictures andaudio-visual aids to young Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Elementary Education, 24(1), 47-59.McCain, G. R., Bonebright, T. L., Nees, M.A., & Connerley, T. T., (2001). Testing the effectivenessof sonified graphs for education: A programmatic research project. Georgia Institute of Technology.McKenna, J., Baker, J., & Wattie, N. (2009). How pervasive are relative age effects in secondaryschool education?. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(2), 520.McKinney, P., & Sen, B. A. (2012). Reflection for learning: understanding the value of reflectivewriting for information literacy development. Journal of Information Literacy, 6(2), 110-129.McKenzie, J. (1999). Scaffolding for success. The Educational Technology Journal, 9(4), 12.McQuitty, V. (2014). Process-Oriented Writing Instruction in Elementary Classrooms. Writing &Pedagogy, 6(3).Mercer, N. (1995). The guided construction of knowledge: Talk amongst teachers and learners.Multilingual matters.Miller, M., & Veatch, N. (2010). Teaching literacy in context: Choosing and using instructionalstrategies. The Reading Teacher, 64(3), 154-165.Ministry of Education. (2014). Executive Summary Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (Preschoolto Post-Secondary Education). Available at:http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2013/articlefile_file_003 114.pdf Accessed onthe 1st ofFebruary,2017.Mitchell, S. (2013). Visions of Britain, 1730-1830: Anglo-Scottish Writing and Representation.Springer.Moll, L. C. (2013). LS Vygotsky and education. Routledge.Mouri, S.S. (2016). English composition writing skills of class five students: Teaching and Leamingpractices at government primary schools in Dhaka (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University).Mukherjee, J., & Hundt, M. (Eds.). (2011). Exploring second-language varieties of English andlearner Englishes: Bridging a paradigm gap (Vol. 44). John Benjamins Publishing.Murphy, D. F. (1993). Evaluating language learning tasks in the classroom.multilingual matters, 139-139.Musa, N. C., Lie, K. Y., & Azman, H. (2012). Exploring English language learning and teaching inMalaysia. GEMA Online Journal of LanguageStudies, 12(1).Nordin, A. B. (2017). Kurikulum Kearah Penghasilan Kemahiran Berfikiran Kritis, Kreatif danInovatif. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran AsiaPasifik, 1(1), 10-18.Osipov, I. V., Nikulchev, E., Volinsky, A. A., & Prasikova, A. Y. (2015). Study of gamificationeffectiveness in online e-learning systems. International Journal of advanced computer science andapplications, 6(2), 71-77.Paquette, K. R., & Rieg, S. A. (2008). Using music to support the literacy development of youngEnglish language learners. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(3), 227-232.Pennington, M. C. (2013). Electronic media in second language writing: An overview of tools andresearch findings. In New perspectives on CALL for second language classrooms (pp. 81-104).Routledge.Percentage Of Leaming by Senses, http://children.cccm.com, n.d.Puranik, C. S., Phillips, B. M., Lonigan, C. J., & Gibson, E. (2018). Home literacy practices andpreschool children's emergent writing skills: An initial investigation. Early Childhood ResearchQuarterly, 42, 228-238.Raimes, A. (1983). Techniques in teaching writing. Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Ave., NewYork, NY 10016 (ISBN-0-19-434131-3, $5.95)..Ramadhani, A. R. (2017). The effect of collaborative writing strategy on students achievement inwriting recount text in mts alwashliyah tembung2016/2017 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara).Reynolds, D. W. (2005). Linguistic correlates of second language literacy development: Evidencefrom middle-grade learner essays. Journal of Second Language Writing, 14(1), 19-45.Rietdijk, Saskia & Van Weijen, Daphne & Janssen, Tanja & Bergh, Huub & Rijlaarsdam, Gert. (2018).Teaching Writing in Primary Education: Classroom Practice, Time, Teachers' Beliefs and Skills.Journal of Educational Psychology. 10.1037/edu0000237.Roehler, L. R., & Cantlon, D. J. (1997). Scaffolding: A powerful tool in social constructivistclassrooms.Roten, M.A. Q. (2016). The Impact of Using Guided Writing Techniques on Chilean Adults' Efl WritingProduction. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 6(1), 642.Ruswinarsih (2015). The Use of Pictures in Improving Writing Procedure Text Ability of the FirstYear Students of SMPN 5 Dumai. ELTIN Journal. 3(1). 12-24.Saddler, B., Moran, S., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (2017). Preventing writing difficulties: Theeffects of planning strategy instruction on the writing performance of struggling writers. InStudents Who Are Exceptional and Writing Disabilities (pp. 3-17). Routledge.Saputra, K. A. 0., Nitiasih, P. K., & Putra, I. N. A. J. (2013). Developing Character BasedAssessment in Teaching English for the Tenth Grade Students of SMKN 3 Singaraja. Jurnal PendidikanBahasa Inggris Indonesia, 1.Saputri, I. W. (2014). Improving the Writing Skills of Recount Texts by Using Picture Series forthe Eighth Grade Students of Smp Muhammadiyah 2 Kalasan in the Academic Year of 201312014.Yogyakarta State University.Schoen, L. T. (2013). Supporting teachers' work: Insights from a study of differentially improvingschools in the United States. Transforming Teachers' Work Globally: In search of a better way forschools and their communities, 3-34.Singh, M., & Huang, D. F. (2014). Critical perspectives on testing teaching: Reframing teachereducation for English medium instruction. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 42(4),363-378.Shooshtari, Z. G., & Mir, F. (2014). ZPD, tutor; peer scaffolding: Sociocultural theory in writingstrategies application. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1771-1776.Stone, J. R., III, Alfeld, C., Pearson, D., Lewis, M. V., & Jensen, S. (2006). Building academicskills in context: Testing the value of enhanced math learning in CTE (Final study).St. Paul, MN:National Research Center for Career and Technical Education. Retrieved fromhttp:l/136.165.122.102/UserFiles/File/ MathinCTE/MathLearningFinalStudy.pdfSuaeni Dewi, R., (2015), Improving students' skill in writing procedure text through picturesequences: a classroom action research at the ninth grade of MTs Negeri Tangerang 2 Pamulang.Sulastri Binte Swandi, Irda & Netto-Shek, Jo-Ann. (2017). Teaching Writing at the Primary Levels.Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics. 7. 1.10.17509/ijal.v7il.6852.Sumsion, J., & Goodfellow, J. (2004). Identifying generic skills through curriculum mapping: acritical evaluation. Higher Education Research & Development, 23(3), 329-346.ChicagoTedjasaputra, A. B., Sari, E. R., & Strom, G. (2004, October). Sharing and learning through pairwriting of scenarios. In Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction(pp. 229-232). ACM.Temple, C. A., Ogle, D., Crawford, A. N., & Freppon, P. (2017). All children read: Teachingforliteracy in today's diverse classrooms. Pearson.Thurmond, V. A. (2001). The point of triangulation. Journal of nursing scholarship, 33(3), 253-258. Chicago.Thulasi, S., Ismail, F. B., & Salam, A. R. B. (2015). Role of model essays in developing studentswriting skills in Malaysian schools: A review of literature. Mediterranean Journal of SocialSciences, 6(2 S1), 56.Tompkins, G., Campbell, R., Green, D., & Smith, C. (2014). Literacy for the 21st century. PearsonAustralia.Tyner, B. (2004). Beginning reading instruction and the small-group differentiated reading model.Small-Group Reading Instruction, 1-16.Vonna, Y., Mukminatien, N., & Laksmi, E. D. (2015). The effect of scaffolding techniques onstudents' writing achievement. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora, 3(3), 227-233.Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Readings on the development ofchildren, 23(3), 34-41.Wallen, N. E., & Fraenkel, J. R. (2013). Educational research: A guide to the process.Chapter 3Routledge.Walker, J. A. (2015). Canadian English: A sociolinguistic perspective. Routledge.Wibowo, K. A. (2013, June). Improving Student's Writing Ability ln Narrative Text By UsingChronological 3d Pictures As Media. In English Language Teaching Forum (Vol. 2, No. 1).Wong, R., & Hew, K. (2010). The Impact ofBlogging and Scaffolding on Primary School Pupils'Narrative Writing. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 5(2),1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/jwltt.2010040101Wright, A. (1989). Pictures for language learning. Cambridge University Press.Yamauchi, L.A. (2003). Making school relevant for at-risk students: The Wai'anae High SchoolHawaiian Studies Program. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 8(4), 379-390.Yilmaz Soylu, M., Zeleny, M. G., Zhao, R., Bruning, R. H., Dempsey, M. S., & Kauffman, D. F.(2017). Secondary Students' Writing Achievement Goals: Assessing the Mediating Effects of Masteryand Performance Goals on Writing Self-Efficacy, Affect, and Writing Achievement. Frontiers inpsychology, 8, 1406.Yunus, M., & Mat, S.S. (2014). Writing Needs and strategies of FELDA primary ESL pupils. Journal ofEducation and Human Development, 3(2), 1017-1035.