Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing

The aim of this research is to phenomenologically engage with the graphite mediathrough drawing thus allowing the media to be disclosed in its poietic potentiality. The study alsoaims to interpret the media as a meaning-making entity. Methodologically, the two main aspects inthis research, The Drawi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Fuad Md Arif
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6501
Tags: Add Tag
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:6501
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic N Fine Arts
spellingShingle N Fine Arts
Mohd Fuad Md Arif
Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
description The aim of this research is to phenomenologically engage with the graphite mediathrough drawing thus allowing the media to be disclosed in its poietic potentiality. The study alsoaims to interpret the media as a meaning-making entity. Methodologically, the two main aspects inthis research, The Drawing and The Writing, were combined through the phenomenology method ofepoch and reduction introduced by Max van Manen. As such drawing becomes a way for thegraphite media to be understood through the unfolding of drawing experience.Subsequently, reflection towards the artistic work and artworks through language becomes ameaning-making structure in expounding essential meanings. The results of this study haveunconcealed the media through four series of drawing bodies which are Matter at hand, 2015,Object-Tive TEXT, 2017, Reality hurts when you have nothing - Kuala Lumpur Biennale, 2017 andPhantoms, 2018. In conclusion, forms of abstract and ambiguous, paradoxical and equality,clear and unclear through lines that are erratic and grids, positive and negative have becomeessential marking in the open engagement of graphite media. As an implication, this studycan be used as a foundation to understand the position of artisticmaterials in artwork and meaning giving endeavor.
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Mohd Fuad Md Arif
author_facet Mohd Fuad Md Arif
author_sort Mohd Fuad Md Arif
title Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
title_short Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
title_full Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
title_fullStr Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
title_full_unstemmed Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
title_sort phenomenology of material:an engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif
publishDate 2018
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6501
_version_ 1747833270173696000
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:65012021-12-07 Phenomenology of material:An engagement with graphite media through drawing as poietic revealing 2018 Mohd Fuad Md Arif N Fine Arts The aim of this research is to phenomenologically engage with the graphite mediathrough drawing thus allowing the media to be disclosed in its poietic potentiality. The study alsoaims to interpret the media as a meaning-making entity. Methodologically, the two main aspects inthis research, The Drawing and The Writing, were combined through the phenomenology method ofepoch and reduction introduced by Max van Manen. As such drawing becomes a way for thegraphite media to be understood through the unfolding of drawing experience.Subsequently, reflection towards the artistic work and artworks through language becomes ameaning-making structure in expounding essential meanings. The results of this study haveunconcealed the media through four series of drawing bodies which are Matter at hand, 2015,Object-Tive TEXT, 2017, Reality hurts when you have nothing - Kuala Lumpur Biennale, 2017 andPhantoms, 2018. In conclusion, forms of abstract and ambiguous, paradoxical and equality,clear and unclear through lines that are erratic and grids, positive and negative have becomeessential marking in the open engagement of graphite media. As an implication, this studycan be used as a foundation to understand the position of artisticmaterials in artwork and meaning giving endeavor. 2018 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6501 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6501 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif Adiwijaya, D.R & Rahardja, A. (2015). Practice as research within the context of artand design academia: A brief excursion into its philosophical underpinnings. Humaniora.Language, people, art and communication studies, 6. 325-333. Retrieved January 2, 2016 fromhttp://research.binus.ac.id/journal/humaniora/edition/vol-6/issue-3/D75B8674-D487-4FAB-BFA4-70BC9E525D65/Accame, G. M. (2006). Sol LeWitt, an idea transpiring. In Damiani Editor (Ed.) Sol LeWitt (p.14-15). Bologna, Italy: Damiani.An industrialist finds his fortune in Siberia. (n.d.). In Faber-Castles history of pencil.Retrieved November 12, 2015 from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiQ47zTxLPJAhVBT44KHfjEC0AQFggpMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faber-castell.sg%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFaber-Castell%2Fbrochures%2Fen%2FPress%2FA%2520-brief-history-of-the-pencil.ashx&usg=AFQjCNHt23H8CIwlO9GJPC732GVfUBrzTQ&sig2=h_-JhvVz565WuV9YcQdhCw&bvm=bv.108194040,d.c2EAndrew, O. (1983). Living materials. A sculptors handbook. California: University of CaliforniaPress.Ashton, A. (2014). Drawing phenomenological parallels through Practice-based research. Retrieved November 7, 2017 from http://acuads.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Ashton_Alex paper.pdfBarthes, R. (1979). Writing [Review of the books Cy Twombly: Works on Paper]. Whitney Museum. Retrieved September 27, 2016 fromhttps://www.scribd.com/doc/92238108/Barthes-on-Cy-TwomblyBaldacchino, J. (2012). Preface: Scholarship and arts ambiguous objects. In Daichendt,A. Artist scholar. Reflections on writing and research (p. xiii-p.xxiii). United Kingdom,UK: Intellect.Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist performativity: Towards an understanding of how mattercomes to matter. Sign, 28 (3), 801-831.Barnacle, R. (2009). Ways of being-with. In Grierson, E. & Brearley, L. (Eds.),Creative arts research. Narratives of methodologies and practices (p. 65-74). Rotterdam,NL: Sense Publishers.Barrett, E. (2007). Studio Enquiry and New Frontiers of Research. Studies in Material Thinking, 1. Retrieved November 23, 2015 fromhttps://www.materialthinking.org/papers/38Barrett, E. (2013). Materiality, affect, and the aesthetic image. In Barrett, E. & Bolt, B.(Eds.). Carnal knowledge. Towards a New Materialism through the Art. (63- 72). New York, NY: I.B.Tauris.Barrett, E. (2010). Introduction. In Barrett, E. & Bolt, B. (Eds.), Practice as research.Approaches to creative arts enquiry. (p. 1-13). New York, NY: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.Barrett, T. (2011). Making art. Form and meaning. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Berrios, G. E. (1989). What is phenomenology? A review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,425-428.Biro, M. (1998). Anselm Kiefer and the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.Bolt, B. (2007). Material thinking and the agency of Matter. Studies in MaterialThinking, 1, 1-4. Retrieved November 23, 2015 fromhttps://www.materialthinking.org/papers/37Bolt, B. (2009). A Performative paradigm for the creative arts? Working Papers in Art and Design, 5, 1-12, Retrieved October 7, 2015 fromhttp://www.herts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/12417/WPIAAD_vol5_bolt. pdfBolt, B. (2014). Beyond solipsism in artistic research: The artwork and the work of art. InBarrett, E. & Bolt, B. (Eds.), Material inventions: Applying creative arts research. (p.22-37). New York: I.B TaurisBolt, B. (2011). Heidegger reframed. London: I.B TaurisBolt, B. (2010). The magic is in the hand. In Barrett, E. & Bolt, B. (Eds.), Practice as research.Approaches to creative arts enquiry. (p. 27-34). New York, NY: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.Bolt, B. (2004). Art beyond representation: The performative power of the image.London: I.B. Tauris.Borgdorff, H. (2012). The conflict of the faculties. Perspectives on artistic research andacademia. Amsterdam: Leiden University Press.Braembussche, Van den. (2009). Thinking art. Brussels: Springer.Braver, L. (2009). Heidegger's Later Writings: A Reader's Guide (Continuum Reader's Guides. NewYork, NY: ContinuumBrooks, M. (n.d). The lived experience of making a life drawing: Drawing Amy.Phenomenology online. Retrieved October 20, 2015 from http://www.phenomenologyonline.com/sources/textorium/brooks-margaret-the-lived-experience-of-making-a-life-drawing-drawing-amy/Burton, J. (2005). Mystics rather than rationalists. In De Salvo, D. (Ed.), Open systems.(p. 65-79). London: Tate Publishing.Busch, K. (2009). Artistic research and the poetics of knowledge. Art & research. A journal ofideas, contexts and methods. Retrieved November 9, 2015 fromhttp://www.artandresearch.org.uk/v2n2/busch.htmlCalle, P. (1974). The Pencil. Ohio: North Light Books.Callister, W. D. & Rethwisch, D. G. (2013). Materials Science and Engineering (9?? ed.). New York,NY: John Wiley & Sons.Carter, P. (2005). Material thinking. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing.Carey, S.S. (2011), A Beginner's Guide to Scientific Method (4th ed.). Boston, MA:Wadsworth.Cashdan, M. (2013). J. Parker Valentine. In editors of Phaidon (Eds.), Vitamin D2. New perspectivesin drawing (p. 300-301). New York, NY: PhaidonCernuschi, C. & Herczynski, A. (2008). The Subversion of gravity in Jackson Pollocks abstraction. Retrieved November 18, 2016from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20619641?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentsCocker, E. (2013). Tactics for not knowing: Preparing for the unexpected. In Fisher, E. & Forthum,R. (Eds.), On not knowing: How artist think not. (p. 126-135). London, UK: Black DogPublishing.Cronin, B. (2017). Phenomenology of human understanding. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications.Crowell, S. (2011). Phenomenology and aesthetics; or why art matters. In Parry, J.D. (Ed.), Art andphenomenology. (p. 54-76). London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.Crowther, P. (2009). Phenomenology of the visual arts (even the frame). Stanford:Stanford University Press.De Certeau, M. (1988). The Practice of Everyday Life, (Rendall, S. Trans). Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press. (Original work published 1984)Deleuze, G. ). Intellectuals and Power: A conversation between Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze.In Michel Foucault (Author) and Bouchard, Donald F. (Ed). New York: Cornell University Press.Deleuze, G. (1994). Difference and Repetition, (Patton, P. Trans.). London: Athlone Press.(Original work published 1968).Dempsey, A (2010). Styles, Schools and Movements: The Essential EncyclopaedicGuide to Modern Art. United Kingdom: Thames & HudsonDesmond, K (2011). Ideas about art. United Kingdom: Blackwell.Dobler, J. (2014). Reflect/React/Redraw. Studies in Material Thinking,10, 1-18.Retrieved October 15, 2015 from https://www.materialthinking.org/papers/144Doing phenomenology involves two types of inquiry activities: empirical and reflective methods. (n.d). In Phenomenology online. Retrieved fromhttp://www.phenomenologyonline.com/inquiry/methods-procedures/Donnet, J.B., and Bansal, R. C. (1993). Carbon black: Science and technology. New York: MarcelDekker, Inc.Dominique, J. (2000). Toward a minimalist phenomenology. Research inphenomenology, 30 , 89-106. Retrieved November 17, 2015 fromhttp://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/1300040631? pq-origsite=summonEarly Graphite Discoveries. (n.d.). In Pencil.com. Retrieved December 18, 2015 fromhttp://pencils.com/the-unleaded-pencil/Elliot, M. (2007). Always between us: bodies, boundaries and liminal space.(Unpublished Master thesis). Monash University, Australia.Fortnum, R. (2013). Creative accounting. Not knowing in talking and making. In Fisher,E. & Forthum, R. (Eds.), On knowing: How artist think not. (p. 70-87). London, UK: Black DogPublishing.Franck, F. (1973). The Zen of seeing Seeing/Drawing as mediation. New York: Vintagebooks.Galeri Chandan. (2017, January 3). Progress Repost presentation: Making the grades[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRG1J7WJ1kgGlaser, M. (2008). Drawing is thinking. New York: Overlook Duckworth.Gotthardt, A. (n.d). Cy Twombly: Biography. Retrieved October 01, 2016 fromhttps://www.artsy.net/artist/cy-twomblyGoldstein, A. (2007). If it looks like a duck and it walks like a duck, it is probably a duck. InDe Salvo, D. & Goldstein, A. (Eds.), As far as the eye can see. (p. 101- 160). Connecticut: YaleUniversity Press.Grbich, C. (2012). Qualitative data analysis: An introduction (2th ed.). London: Sage Publications.Graphite in the Arts. (n.d). In Asbury carbons. Retrieved March 3, 2017 fromhttps://asbury.com/applications/graphite-in-the-arts/Goble, E. (2017). Beyond Human Subjectivity and Back to the Things Themselves: Jane BennettsVibrant Matter. Phenomenology & Practice. 2, 70-78. Retrieved December 15, 2017 from https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/pandpr/index.php/pandpr/article/view/29352/21364Hagberg G.L. (1995). Art as Language: Wittgenstein, Meaning, and Aesthetic Theory.London: Cornell University Press.Hannula, M., Suoranta, J., & Vaden, T. (2005). Artistic research. Theories, methods, andpractices. Gothenburg, SE: Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki Finland and University ofGothenburg/ ArtMonitor.Hanrahan, S. (2006). Poiesis. In MacLeod, K. & Holdridge, L. (Eds.), Thinking through art.Reflections on art as research. (p. 143-155). New York: Routledge.Harman, G. (2007). Heidegger explained. From phenomenon to thing. Peru, Illinois, US: Open CourtPublishing Company.Haseman, B. (2007). Rupture and Recognition: Identifying the performative research. In Barrett, E.& Bolt, B. (Eds.), Practice as research. Approaches to creative arts enquiry. (p. 147-158). NewYork, NY: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.HB graphite scale. (n.d.). In Pencil.com. Retrieved December 18, 2015 fromhttps://pencils.com/hb-graphite-grading-scale/Heap, J. (1977). Toward a phenomenology of reading. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology. 8, 103-1 14. Retrieved February 15, 2016 fromhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156916277x0 0141Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time. (Macquarrie, J & Robinson, E. Trans.) New York: Harper andRow. (Original work published 1926)Heidegger, M. (1977). The question concerning technology. (Lovitt, W. Trans.) New York, NY: Harper& Row. (Original work published 1954)Heidegger, M. (2008). The origin of the work of art. In Krell, D.F. (Ed.), (p. 139-212)Basic writings. New York: Harper Perennial. (Original work published 1935)Hezekiah, G. A. (2010). Phenomenologys material presence. Bristol, UK: Intellect.Howes, P. & Laughlin, Z. (2012). Material matters. New materials in design. London:Black dog publishing.Hunsberger, M. (n.d). The experience of re-reading. Phenomenology online. Retrieved Feb 15, 2016 from http://www.phenomenologyonline.com/sources/textorium/hunsberger-margaret-the-experience-of-re-reading/Hurley, Clare. (2003, May 30). Andy Goldsworthy and the limits of working with nature.World socialist web site. Retrieved November 8, 2015 fromhttps://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/05/gold-m30.htmlInsight. (n.d.). In Oxford advance learners dictionary. Retrieved December 18, 2015from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ms/definisi/learner/insightInsight. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster: Dictionary and Thesaurus. Retrieved December 18, 2015 fromhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insightJagodzinski, J., & Wallin, J. (2013). Arts-based research. A critique and a proposal.Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.Jena, R. (n.d). Off Gravity: Into Contemplation. Contemplate and enter the void at TC Liews solo exhibition. Time out. Retrieved January 22, 2016 fromhttp://www.timeout.com/kuala-lumpur/art/off-gravity-into-contemplation-by- TC-LiewJones, R. (2013). On the value of not knowing: Wonder, beginning again and letting be. In Fisher,E. & Forthum, R. (Eds.), On not knowing: How artist think not. (p. 16-31). London, UK: Black DogPublishing.Kafle, N. P. (2011). Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified. Bodhi: AnInterdisciplinary Journal, 181-200. Retrieved October 14, 2015 fromhttp://www.ku.edu.np/bodhi/vol5_no1/11.%20Narayan%20Kafle.%20Hermeneutic%20Phenomenological%20Research%20Method.pdfKaufer, S & Chemero, A (2015). Phenomenology; An Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press.Kearney, R. & Rainwater, M. (Eds). (1995). The continental philosophy reader.London: Routledge.Knowledge. (n.d). In Oxford dictionaries online dictionary. Retrieved November 18, 2015 fromhttps://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/knowledgeKosuth, J. (1968). Notes on specific and general. In Guerico, G. (Ed.), (p. 11) Art afterPhilosophy and after: Collected writings. Massachusetts: Mit Press.Kosuth, J. (1969). Art after philosophy. In Alberro, A. & Stimson, B. (Eds), (p. 158- 177).Massachusetts: Mit Press.Kosuth, J. (1992). The play of the unmentionable: An Installation by Joseph Kosuth at the BrooklynMuseum. New York, NY: New Press.Kozel, S. (2007). Closer. Performance, technologies, phenomenology. Massachusetts, USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Lack, A. (2014). Martin Heidegger on technology, ecology, and the arts. New York, NY: PalgraveMacmillan.LandmarksUT. (2013, June 5), Landmarks Features: Veronica Roberts on Sol LeWitt [Video file]. Retrieved September 23, 2016 fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxwsndAiE1gLange-Berndt, P. (2015). Introduction. How to be complicit with materials. In Lange-Berndt, P. (Ed.), Materiality (p. 12-23). Cambridge, MA: The MIT press.Leavy, P. (2009). Method meets art. Arts-based research practice. London: JessicaKingsley Publishers.Loxley, J. (2007). Performativity. London and New York: Routledge.Lyotard, J.F. (1985). Les Immateriaux. In Lange-Berndt, P. (Ed.), Materiality (p. 201- 206).Cambridge, MA: The MIT press.Moho-ha. (n.d). In Art terms Mono-ha. Retrieved November 20, 2017 fromhttp://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/m/mono-haMachi, L. A. & McEvoy, B. (2012). The literature review: Six steps to success (6th ed.).California, CA: Corwin.Malpas, J. (2011) Objectivity and self-disclosedness. The phenomenological working of art. Themagic is in the hand. In Parry, J.D. (Ed.), Art and phenomenology. (p. 54-76). London: RoutledgeTaylor & Francis Group.Many, E.W.R. (2013, February 7). Jackson Pollock Documentary [Video file].Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfwUxQrDGqwMaslen, M. & Southern, J. (2011). Drawing projects. An exploration of the language of drawing.London: Black dog publishing.Martin, T (1999). Essential Surrealists. London: Dempsey Parr.McGrath, S.J. (2014). The early Heidegger and medieval philosophy: Phenomenology for theGodforsaken. Pittsboro, NC: The Catholic University of America Press.Mechanization, Innovation. (n.d.). In The online museum of Everyday life. Retrieved December 13, 2015 from http://museumofeverydaylife.org/exhibitions-collections/current-exhibitions/visual-history-of-the-pencilMitchell, A.J. (2010). Heidegger among the sculptors. Body, space, and the art ofdwelling. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Mohd Nasir Ibrahim. (2015). Penyelidikan berasaskan studio: Teori dan amalam.Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Galeri Petronas.Morley, S (2003). Writing on the Wall. United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson.Morris, R. (1968). Anti Form. In Lange-Berndt, P. (Ed.), Materiality (p. 92-93).Cambridge, MA: The MIT press.Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. California: SagePublication Inc.Munroe, A (2009). The third mind. American Artists Contemplate Asia, 1860-1989.New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications.Nature as Material: An exhibition of sculpture and photographs purchased for the Arts Council collection by Andrew Causey, The Atkinson Gallery, Southport, Lancashire, 5 July - 8August 1980. (n.d). Retrieved September 23, 2015 fromhttp://www.goldsworthy.cc.gla.ac.uk/extracts/Nelms, H. (1981). Thinking with a Pencil. UnitedStates: Girard & Stewart.Nelson, R. (2013). Practice as research in the arts. Principles, protocols, pedagogies,resistances. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Nietzsche, F. (1992). Ecce homo. (Hollingdale, R. J. Trans.) London: Penguin classic. (Originalwork published 1908) WignesanNichtsundnull. (2012, December 12). Graham Harman. Art and Paradox 01 [Video file]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRLw0uyZMFoOckvirk, G (2006). Art fundamentals: Theory and Practice (Tenth edition). New York: Mc Graw Hill.Off Gravity: Into contemplation. A drawing exhibition. (2014, April 1). Retrieved January23, 2015 from http://www.elle.my/my-elle-club/Sales-and-Events/Off-Gravity-Into-Contemplation-A-Drawing-ExhibitionParry, J.D. & Warthall, M. (2011). Introduction. In Parry, J.D (Ed.) Art andphenomenology (p. 1-8). London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.Pallasmaa, J. (2009). The thinking hand. Existential and embodied wisdom inarchitecture. West Sussex, U.K: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Pencil. (n.d.). In how products are made. Retrieved December 20, 2015 fromhttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Pencil.htmlPencil myths. (n.d.). In Pencil.com. Retrieved December 18, 2015 fromhttp://pencils.com/the-unleaded-pencil/Petherbridge, D. (2011). The primacy of drawing. Histories and theories of practice.New Haven & London: Yale University Press.Petroski, H. (1989). The Pencil. A history of design and circumstance. New York: AlfredA. knopf.Phenomenology. (n.d.). In Stanford encyclopaedia of philosophy. Retrieved October 16, 2015 fromhttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/Poiesis. (n.d.). In Oxford dictionaries online dictionary. Retrieved November 18, 2015 fromhttp://www..com/definition/english/poiesis?q=PoiesisPoiesis. (n.d.). In Online Ethnology Dictionary. Retrieved November 18, 2015 fromhttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=-poietic&allowed_in_frame=Rahtz, D. (2012). Indifference of material in the work of Carl Andre and RobertSmithson. Lange-Berndt, P. (Ed.), Materiality (p. 67-71). Cambridge, MA: The MIT press.Rees, D (2012). How to sharpen pencils. A practical and theoretical treatise on the artisanal craftof pencil sharpening. New York: Melville House Publishing.Reinhardt, A. (1962). Art-as-art. In Farrow, C. (Ed.), Art & Design: A. Reinhardt, J. Kosuth, F.Gonzalez-Torres. A symptoms of interference, conditions of possibility (p. 21-23). Cambridge: VCHPublisher.Reinhardt, A. (1957). Twelve rules for a new academy. In Farrow, C. (Ed.), Art &Design: A. Reinhardt, J. Kosuth, F. Gonzalez-Torres. A symptoms of interference, conditions ofpossibility (p. 25-27). Cambridge: VCH Publisher.Rolling, J.H. (2013). Arts-based research. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing.Sale, T. & Betti, C. (2007). Drawing. A contemporary Approach. United States:Thomson Wadsworth.Saorsa, J. (2009). Drawing on conversation. Drawing as method of exploring andinterpreting ordinary verbal interaction: An investigation through contemporary practice. Berlin:VDM Verlag Dr. Muller.Schwabsky, B. (2005). Roland Flexner. In Dexter, E. (Ed), Vitamin D. Newperspectives in drawing (p. 108-109). New York, NY: Phaidon.Scrivener, S. (2002). In The Art Object Does Not Embody a Form of Knowledge.Retrieved October 31, 2017 from http://www.herts.ac.uk/artdes1/research/papers/wpades/vol2/scrivenerfull.htmlSholis, B. (2005). Jim Hodges. In Grosenick, U. (Ed), Art now. Vol 2 (p. 208-211).Cologne, Germany; Taschen.Slager, H. (2009). Art and Method. In Elkins, J. (Ed.), Artist with PhDs. On the new DoctoralDegree in Studio Art. (p. 49-56). Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing.Smith, H. (2003). Scientism: The bedrock of the Modern worldview. In Mehrdad M. Z. (Ed.), Scienceand the myth of progress (p. 233-248). Bloomington: World Wisdom Inc.Sokolowski, R. (2000). Introduction to phenomenology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Sugiharto, B. (2015). Wot batu. The bridge of the soul. Wot batu. Sunaryos stones bridge. Apassage through wood, water, wind and soul, 20-25. Jakarta: Imaji media pustaka.Sullivan, G. (2010). Art practice as research. Inquiry in visual arts. California, USA:Sage Publications, Inc.Thayer, Peggy. (2003). The experience of being creative as a spiritual practice. AHermeneutic-phenomenological study (Revisioning philosophy). USA: Peter Lang InternationalAcademic Publishers.The basics of philosophy. (n.d.). Retrieved October 16, 2015 from http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_phenomenology.htmlThe exquisite process of Jeff Koons. (2015, July 21). In Christies. The artpeople.Retrieved November 19, 2015 fromhttp://www.christies.com/features/Jeff-Koons-in-Bilbao-6348-1.aspxThe first quality German pencil. (n.d.). In Faber-Castles History of Pencil. Retrieved December 15, 2015 from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiQ47zTxLPJAhVBT44KHfjEC0AQFggpMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faber-castell.sg%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFaber-Castell%2Fbrochures%2Fen%2FPress%2FA%2520-brief-history-of-the-pencil.ashx&usg=AFQjCNHt23H8CIwlO9GJPC732GVfUBrzTQ&sig2=h_-JhvVz565WuV9YcQdhCw&bvm=bv.108194040,d.c2EThe Monthly Video. (2013, May 2). Key Thinkers: Barbara Bolt on Martin Heidegger.[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3RV2tcNy1cThe manufacturing process: Processing the graphite. (n.d.). In How Products Are Made. Retrieved November 18, 2015 from http://www.madehow.com/Volume- 1/Pencil.htmlThompson, C. (2006, 31 July). Art practice as research: A review essay. International Journal ofEducation & the Arts, 7, 1-12. http://www.ijea.org/v7r3/v7r3.pdfToynton, E (2012). Jackson Pollock. United States: Yale University Press.Van Manen, M. (2014). Phenomenology of practice. Meaning-giving methods inphenomenological research and writing. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience. Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy.Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Wagner, H. (2005). House of mud. In Lange-Berndt, P. (Ed.), Materiality (p. 79-82).Cambridge, MA: The MIT press.Wentworth, N. (2004). The phenomenology of painting. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.Wignesan, T. (2008). Poietics: Disquisitions on the art of creation. Allahabad:Cyberwit.netWhicher, R.M. (1997). Drawing from observation: A phenomenological inquiry(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada.Whitehead, D. H. (2003). Poiesis and art-making: A Way of Letting-Be. ContemporaryAesthetics Journal. vol. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2015 fromhttps://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/ca/7523862.0001.005/--poiesis-and-art-making-a-way-of-letting-be?rgn=main;view=fulltextYoung, J. (2001). Heideggers philosophy of art. New York, NY: Cambridge Universitypress.Young, S. (n.d.). Pencil: Grading of Pencil. Retrieved December 18, 2015 fromhttp://www.unm.edu/~odette86/219/SunYoung_2_Definition_pdf.pdfvan Manen, Michele & van Manen, Max. (2014). Phenomenology. Encyclopedia of Educational Theory andPhilosophy, 610-616. Retrieved October 31, 2017 from http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483346229.n253Vergine, L (1996). Art on the Cutting Edge. Milano: Skira._(2015). William Anastasi: Reinventing drawing. In Van Cauteren, P. & Germann, M.(Eds.), Drawing. The bottom line (p.148-151). Brussels: Mercatfonds.