Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas

Kajian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menilai kesan Modul ScaffoldingLiterasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca perkataan, frasa dan ayat pola suku kata terbukadalam kalangan murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Modul ScafoLIT direka berdasarkan TeoriSosiobudaya Vygotsky dan Model Pempr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ramli Hasan
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6967
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:6967
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic
spellingShingle
Ramli Hasan
Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
description Kajian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menilai kesan Modul ScaffoldingLiterasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca perkataan, frasa dan ayat pola suku kata terbukadalam kalangan murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Modul ScafoLIT direka berdasarkan TeoriSosiobudaya Vygotsky dan Model Pemprosesan Membaca Top Down Goodman. Modul ScafoLIT dibinaberpandukan kerangka model ADDIE. Pendekatan kuasi eksperimen digunakan bagi menilai kesan Modul ScafoLIT terhadap murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Seramai 60 orangmurid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga di sebuah daerah dalam negeri Sarawak telah dipilihsecara rawak sebagai subjek kajian. Subjek kajian dibahagikan kepada kumpulan rawatan dankumpulan kawalan. Kumpulan rawatan melalui proses intervensi menggunakan Modul ScafoLITmanakala kumpulan kawalan diajar menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Pentadbiran ujian prakemahiran membaca dijalankan sebelum kedua-dua kumpulan menjalani intervensi selama tiga bulan,diikuti pentadbiran ujian pasca kemahiran membaca. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi.Dapatan ujian-t bersandar menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan antara skor ujian pra(M =17.13 SP= 3.92) berbanding ujian pasca (M = 35.00, SP =6.58), t(29) =-28.77, p <.05. Dapatanujian-t tidak bersandar menunjukkan pencapaian kemahiran membaca dalam ujian pasca bagi kumpulanrawatan (M =35.00, SP =6.58) adalah lebih tinggi berbanding ujian pasca kumpulan kawalan (M=28.45, SD =5.93), t(58) = 4.06, p <.05. Kesimpulannya, Modul ScafoLIT adalah berkesan dalammeningkatkan keupayaan membaca perkataan, frasa dan ayat pola suku kata terbuka dalamkalangan murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa ModulScafoLIT sesuai diperluaskan penggunaannya kepada murid Pemulihan Khas di sekolah.Penggunaan Modul ScafoLIT juga dapat menambah kepelbagaian kaedah pengajaran danpembelajaran guru Pemulihan Khas.
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ramli Hasan
author_facet Ramli Hasan
author_sort Ramli Hasan
title Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
title_short Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
title_full Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
title_fullStr Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
title_full_unstemmed Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas
title_sort pembinaan dan kesan modul scaffolding literasi (scafolit) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid pemulihan khas
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2020
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6967
_version_ 1747833338670874624
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:69672022-04-12 Pembinaan dan kesan Modul Scaffolding Literasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca murid Pemulihan Khas 2020 Ramli Hasan Kajian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menilai kesan Modul ScaffoldingLiterasi (ScafoLIT) terhadap kemahiran membaca perkataan, frasa dan ayat pola suku kata terbukadalam kalangan murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Modul ScafoLIT direka berdasarkan TeoriSosiobudaya Vygotsky dan Model Pemprosesan Membaca Top Down Goodman. Modul ScafoLIT dibinaberpandukan kerangka model ADDIE. Pendekatan kuasi eksperimen digunakan bagi menilai kesan Modul ScafoLIT terhadap murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Seramai 60 orangmurid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga di sebuah daerah dalam negeri Sarawak telah dipilihsecara rawak sebagai subjek kajian. Subjek kajian dibahagikan kepada kumpulan rawatan dankumpulan kawalan. Kumpulan rawatan melalui proses intervensi menggunakan Modul ScafoLITmanakala kumpulan kawalan diajar menggunakan kaedah konvensional. Pentadbiran ujian prakemahiran membaca dijalankan sebelum kedua-dua kumpulan menjalani intervensi selama tiga bulan,diikuti pentadbiran ujian pasca kemahiran membaca. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi.Dapatan ujian-t bersandar menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan antara skor ujian pra(M =17.13 SP= 3.92) berbanding ujian pasca (M = 35.00, SP =6.58), t(29) =-28.77, p <.05. Dapatanujian-t tidak bersandar menunjukkan pencapaian kemahiran membaca dalam ujian pasca bagi kumpulanrawatan (M =35.00, SP =6.58) adalah lebih tinggi berbanding ujian pasca kumpulan kawalan (M=28.45, SD =5.93), t(58) = 4.06, p <.05. Kesimpulannya, Modul ScafoLIT adalah berkesan dalammeningkatkan keupayaan membaca perkataan, frasa dan ayat pola suku kata terbuka dalamkalangan murid Pemulihan Khas Tahun Tiga. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa ModulScafoLIT sesuai diperluaskan penggunaannya kepada murid Pemulihan Khas di sekolah.Penggunaan Modul ScafoLIT juga dapat menambah kepelbagaian kaedah pengajaran danpembelajaran guru Pemulihan Khas. 2020 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6967 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6967 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia Ab. Halim Tamuri, & Nur Hanani Hussin. (2017). Pembelajaran abad ke 21 dalamkepelbagaian budaya: Harapan dan cabaran. In Seminar Pedagogi Antarabangsa ke-8 (PEDA8), 8(1),112.Abraham, P. (2000). Skilled reading: Top-down, bottom-up. Boston: World Education.Angosto, A., Snchez, P., lvarez, M., Cuevas, I., & Len, J. A. (2013). Evidence for top-downprocessing in reading comprehension of children. Psicologa Educativa, 19(2), 8388.Arnhem, J. Van, Spiller, J. M., & Spiller, J. M. (2014). Augmented reality for discovery andinstruction. Journal of Web Librarianship, 2909(8), 214230.Bahagian Pendidikan Khas Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2018). Laporan program Pemulihan Khas 2017-2018. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Bahagian Pendidikan Khas Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Laporan ProgramPemulihan Khas 2018-2019. Putrajaya.Bahagian Pendidikan Khas KPM. (2012). Garis panduan Program Pemulihan Khas.Putr: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Bahagian Pendidikan Khas KPM. (2015). Mesyuarat jawatankuasa pengurusan PemulihanKhas Kebangsaan bil.2/2014. Putrajaya.Barnyak, N. C., & McNelly, T. A. (2016). The literacy skills and motivation to read of childrenenrolled in title I: A comparison of electronic and print nonfiction books. Early ChildhoodEducation Journal, 44(5), 527536.Barth, A. E., & Elleman, A. (2017). Evaluating the impact of a multistrategy inference interventionfor middle-grade struggling readers. American Journal of Speech- Language Pathology, 48,3141.Bekiryazici, M. (2015). Teaching mixed-level classes with a Vygotskian perspective.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 913917.Bingham, G., Venuto, N., Carey, M., & Moore, C. (2017). Making it REAL: Using informational picturebooks in preschool classrooms. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(3), 19.Gindis, B., (1999). Vygotskys vision. Remedial and Special Education, 20 (6), 333340.Borleffs, E., Glatz, T. K., Daulay, D. A., Richardson, U., Zwarts, F., & Maassen, B. A.M. (2017). Grapho Game SI : The development of a technology-enhanced literacylearning tool for standard indonesian, (7).Boyle, J., & Scanlon, D. (2010). Methods and strategies for teaching students with milddisabilities: A case based approach. Belmort, USA: Wandsworth Cencage Learning.Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. New York: Springer ScienceBusinessMedia.Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental design for research.United States Of America: Wadsworth Cencage Learning.Cassidy, J., Ortlieb, E., & Grote-Garcia, S. (2016). Beyond the common core : Examining20 years of literacy priorities and their impact on struggling readers beyond the common core :Examining 20 years of literacy. Literacy Research and Instruction, 55(2), 91104.Christ, T., Wang, X. C., & Chiu, M. M. (2015). Emergent readers social interaction styles and theircomprehension processes during buddy reading emergent readers social interaction styles. LiteracyResearch and Instruction, 54(1), 4566.Christensen, L. B. (2007). Experimental method (Tenth Edit). United States of America:Pearson And AB.Chua, Y. P. (2006). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan buku 1. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw- Hill (M)Sdn.Bhd.Cirino, P. T., Romain, M. A., Barth, A. E., Tolar, T. D., Fletcher, J. M., & Vaughn, S. (2013).School struggling readers. Reading and Writing, 26, 10591086.Comings, J. P., Strucker, J., & Bell, B. (2017). Two reading assessments for youth in alternativebasic skills and livelihood skills training programs. Prospects, 47(3), 229243.Cook, T., & Campbell, D. . (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for fieldsettings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.Creswell, J. . (2010). Educational research-planning, conducting, and evaluatingquantitative and qualitative research (Fourth). New Jersey: Pearson Merril Prentice Hall.Croxton, R. A., & Chow, A. S. (2015). Using ADDIE and systems thinking as the frameworkfor developing a MOOC a case study. Distance Education, 16(1), 91 109.Danakorn Nincarean, Mohamad Bilal Alia, & Noor Dayana Abd Halim. (2013). Potensi teknologiaugmented reality dalam pembelajaran sains: Satu tinjauan terhadap penyelidikan lepas. UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai.Daniels, H. (2016). Vygotsky and pedagogy. Abingdon England: Routledge.Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from your panel of expert.Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194197.Dimas Restu Hidayanto, Munir, Eka Firajaya Rahman, & Jajang Kusnendar. (2018). The application of ADDIE model in developing adventure game-based multimedia learning to improvestudents understanding of basic programming. Proceeding - 2017 3rd InternationalConference on Science in Information Technology: Theory and Application of IT for Education,Industry and Society in Big Data Era, ICSITech 2017, 307312.Dolezalova, J. (2015). Competencies of teachers and student teachers for thedevelopment of reading literacy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 519525.Edson, A. J. (2017). Learner-controlled scaffolding linked to open-ended problems in a digitallearning environment. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 49(5), 735753.Ericson, M., Santos, C., Chen, A., Taketomi, T., Yamamoto, G., Jun, M., & Hirokazu,K. (2017). Augmented reality learning experiences: Survey of prototype design and evaluation. IEEETransactions On Learning Technologies, 7(1), 3855.Farhana Nor Shuhada Muhammad Pozi, & Fariza Khalid. (2017). Kesan teknologi augmentedreality dalam pendidikan terhadap peningkatan motivasi pelajar. In Internation Conferenceon Global Education V Global Education, Common Wealth and Cultural Diversity (pp.11991208). Padang: Ekasakti University Padang.Faridah Salam, Ramlah Mailok, & Norhasbiah Ubaidullah. (2015). The change of achievementsin information and communication technology subjects through project-based learning withScaffolding. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 40(1), 29 41.Feng, L. (2010). A short analysis of the nature of reading. English Language Teaching, 3(3),152157.Hall, C. S. (2016). Inference instruction for struggling readers: A synthesis ofintervention research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(1), 122.Hasnalee Tubah. (2012). Keberkesanan program intervensi LINUS terhadap kemahiranmembaca dan memahami dalam kalangan murid Tahun 1. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Institut Aminuddin Baki. (2017). Panduan pelaksanaan pendidikan abad ke-21. Negeri Sembilan:Institut Aminudin Baki.Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sarawak. (2016). Gerakan Menjulang Sarawak (GeMS) JabatanPendidikan Negeri Sarawak 2016-2020. Kuching: Jabatan PendidikanNegeri Sarawak.Jamalludin Harun, Baharuddin Aris, & Zaidatun Tasir. (2003). Pembangunan perisian multimedia, satupendekatan sistematik. Batu Caves, Selangor: Venton Publishing(M) Sdn.Bhd.Johari Surif, Nor Hasniza Ibrahim, Marlina Ali, Abdul Halim Abdullah, & ShantiTamilselvam. (2018). Addressing chemical reaction misconceptions using five phase needhammodel. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (831840). Spain: EDUCON.Karagozlu, D. (2018). Application on the success and problem solving skills. Quality & Quantity,52(5), 23932402.Karpov, Y. V. (2014). Vygotsky for educators. New York: Cambridge University Press.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012a). Buku panduan pengajaran dan pembelajaranBahasa Melayu program Pemulihan Khas. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pendidikan Khas KementerianPendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012b). Ringkasan eksekutif pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013a). Modul pengajaran asas literasi. Putrajaya: KementerianPendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013b). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan 2013- 2025.Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015a). Buku panduan dan pengoperasian program Literasi dan Numerasi (LINUS) 2.0. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pembangunan KurikulumKementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015b). Dokumen standard kurikulum dan pentaksiranBahasa Melayu Tahun 1. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017a). Dokumen standard sekolah rendah Bahasa Melayu Sekolah Kebangsaan. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017b). Kursus kelestarian LINUS 2.0 Guru Pemulihan Khastahun 2017. Putrajaya.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017c). Panduan pelaksanaan PAK21 KementerianPendidikan Malaysia. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2018). Surat Siaran Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Bilangan 14 Tahun 2018: Pemansuhan amalan peperiksaan pertengahan dan akhir tahunmurid Tahap I di Sekolah Rendah. (Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Ed.). Putrajaya.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Garis panduan pelaksanaan pentaksiranbilik darjah (PBD) bagi murid Tahap I. Putrajaya.Konza, D. (2016). Teaching children with reading difficulties. Australia: Thomson SocialScience Press.Kumar, R. (2014). Research methodology a step-by-step guide for beginner (Fourth Edi). California:Sage Publications, Inc.Labat, H., Vallet, G., Magnan, A., & Ecalle, J. (2015). Facilitating effect ofmultisensory letter encoding on reading and spelling in 5-Year-old children. AppliedCognitive Psychology, 29(3), 381391.Lee, J., Lim, C., & Kim, H. (2017). Development of an instructional design model for flippedlearning in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(2),427453.Lefrancois, G. R. (2012). Theories of human learning (6th ed.). Belmont USA: LindaSchreiber-Ganster.Lim, L., & Oei, A. C. (2015). Reading and spelling gains following one year of Orton- Gillinghamintervention in Singaporean students with dyslexia. British Journal of Special Education, 42(4),374389.Manzo, A. V., & Manzo, U. C. (1995). Teaching children to be literate: A reflective approach.Florida: Literacy Leaders.Mariotti, A. P. (2009). Creating your teaching plan; A Guide for effective teaching.United States Of America: Author House.Marohaini Yusoff. (2014). Strategi pengajaran bacaan dan kefahaman. Selangor: PTS Akademia.Md Noor Saper, Nurul Ain Mohd Daud, & Norazani Ahmad. (2016). Kesahan dankebolehpercayaan Modul I-Sc (Islamic Spiritual Counseling) ke atas pelajar bermasalahtingkah laku. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 9(6), 3243.Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar. (1999). Penyelidikan pendidikan. Skudai: Universiti TeknologiMalaysia.Mohd Mokhtar Bin Tahar. (2016). Aras bacaan awal Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid Tahun 1.Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Mohd Zuri Ghani, & Aznan Che Ahmad. (2015). Kaedah dan strategi pengajaran kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti SainsMalaysia.Monjelat, N., Mndez, L., & Lacasa, P. (2017). Becoming a tutor: student scaffoldingin a game-based classroom. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 26(3), 265 282.Moschkovich, J. N. (2015). Scaffolding student participation in mathematical practices.ZDM - Mathematics Education, 47(7), 10671078.Muhammad Saiful Haq Hussin, & Agus Syahrani. (2010). Modul dasar membaca: Ke arah melahirkan modalinsan yang berkualiti. Universiti Malaya.Murad M. Al-Shboul, Ismail Sheikh Ahmad, Mohamad Sahari Nordin, & Zainurin Abdul Rahman.(2013). Foreign language reading anxiety in a jordanian EFL context: A qualitative study.English Language Teaching, 6(6), 3857.Murray, G. . (1985). The international encylopedia of education. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd.Muruganantham, G. (2015). Developing of e-content package by using ADDIE model.Ijar, 1(43), 5254.Nellie Ismail, Khaidzir Ismali, & Nur Saadah Aun. (2016). Kesan teknik scaffolding terhadapkemahiran menyelesaikan masalah kanak-kanak Prasekolah. Journal of Social Science and Humanities,2(2), 96111.Nor Farhah Saidin, Noor Dayana Abd Halim, & Noraffandy Yahaya. (2016). Designing mobile augmentedreality (MAR) for learning chemical bonds. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Colloquiumof Art and Design Education Research (i- CADER 2015),. Singapore: Springer Science+BusinessMedia Singapore.Norazah Nordin, Mohamed Amin Embi, & Helmi Norman. (2016). Envisioning the Future of OnlineLearning. In Envisioning the future of online learning (269279). Singapore: SpringerScience+Business Media.Norlaila Kusan. (2014). Aktiviti pemulihan bacaan di sebuah sekolah rendah: satu kajiankes. Universiti Malaya.Normarini Norzan. (2016). Pembelajaran aktif program LINUS Bahasa Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: UniversitiMalaya.Nurlaela, L., Samani, M., Asto, I. G. P., & Wibawa, S. C. (2018). The effect of thematic learningmodel, learning style, and reading ability on the students learning outcomes. IOPConference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 296.Nyet, M. S., & Mui, K. . (2018). Design, development and evaluation of a problem- based withcooperative module on scientific creativity of pre-schoolers. Journal of Baltic Science Education,17(2), 215228.ONeil, J. L. (2017). Weeding with ADDIE: Developing training for deselection at anacademic library. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 56(2), 108.Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Kuala Langat. (2018). Laporan analisis pencapaiansaringan 2/2017 Program LINUS 2.0. Selangor: Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Kuala Langat.Pesco, D., & Gagne, A. (2017). Scaffolding narrative skills: A meta-analysis ofinstruction in early childhood settings. Early Education and Development, 28(7), 773793.Pfister, M., Moser Opitz, E., & Pauli, C. (2015). Scaffolding for mathematics teaching in inclusiveprimary classrooms: a video study. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 47(7), 10791092.Piccolo, L. R., Giacomoni, C. H., Julio-Costa, A., Oliveira, S., Zbornik, J., Haase, V. G., &Salles, J. F. (2017). Reading anxiety in L1: Reviewing the concept. Early Childhood EducationJournal, 45(4), 537543.Polit, D., Beck, C., & Owen, S. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity?Appraisal and recomendations. Research in Nursing and Healtih, 30, 459467.Ramlah Jantan, Md. Nasir Masran, Abdul Aziz Shukor, Suppiah Nanchiappan, & RoslindaMustapha. (2012). Modul alternatif membaca untuk pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayuuntuk murid Orang Asli di Sekolah Rendah Selangor, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang, Kedah dan Johor.Perak.Ramli Hasan, & Noor Aini Ahmad. (2019). Conceptual framework of scaffolding literacy(ScafoLIT) module. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and SocialScience, 8(11), 10311038.Rasinski, T. (2016). Whats hot in reading, what should be important for readinginstruction ? Literacy Research and Instruction, 55(2), 134137.Rasinski, T., & Young, C. (2017). Effective instruction for primary grade students who strugglewith reading fluency. International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, 11, 143157.Rohaila Mohamed Rosly. (2017). Gamifikasi: Konsep dan implikasi dalam pendidikan.Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21: Trend Integrasi Teknologi.Ronkova, J., & Wildova, R. (2016). Reading strategies activated in experimental research.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 363371.Roslinda Ramli, Fitri NurulAin Nordin, & Nor Effendy Ahmad Sokri. (2018). Teknologirealiti luasan: Satu kajian lepas. E-Jurnal Penyelidikan Dan Inovasi, 5(1), 1727.Rossett, A. (1987). Training needs assessment. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: EducationalTechnology Publications.Rusell, J. D. (1974). Modular instruction: A guide to the design, selection, utilizationand evaluation of modular materials. New York: Publishing Company.Russell, L. R., & Cuevas, J. (2014). Designing customizable reading modules for a high schoolliterature classroom. TechTrends, 58(5), 7079.Schukajlow, S., Kolter, J., & Blum, W. (2015). Scaffolding mathematical modelling with a solutionplan. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 47(7), 12411254.Sharala Subramaniam, & Zamri Mahamod. (2017). Pembangunan modul belajar cara belajar Bahasa Melayu.Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 7, 5164.Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagimana membina modullatihan dan modul akademik. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.Siti Aishah Ashaari. (2016). Pembinaan dan penilaian modul sintaksis asas Bahasa Arab berlandaskanpendekatan kontrastif Bahasa Melayu. Universiti Malaya.Siyepu, S. (2013). The zone of proximal development in the learning of mathematics.South African Journal of Education, 33(2), 113.Stevens, E. A., Park, S., & Vaughn, S. (2018). A review of summarizing and main idea interventionsfor struggling readers in grades 3 through 12: 19782016. Remedial and Special Education, 119.Stevens, J. P. (2009). Mediating role of route characteristics on effect of low-costcarriers on the airline market in Kenya. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the SocialSciences, 5.Suhaimee Sulaiman. (2019). Panduan, rujukan dan punca kuasa SPI, surat siaran serta surat makluman pengurusan program Pemulihan Khas tahun 1985-2019. Putrajaya.Sung, H. ., & Shu, F. . (2017). Experimental intervention research on students with specific poor comprehension : a systematic review of treatment outcomes. Reading and Writing,30(4), 917943.Sylvester, T., & Farrell, C. (2008). Teaching reading to English language learners: A reflectiveguide. London: Corwin Press.Towell, J. L., Powell, K. C., & Brown, S. L. (2018). Creative literacy in action. Boston, USA:Cengage Learning.Tropper, N., Leiss, D., & Hanze, M. (2015). Teachers temporary support and worked- out examplesas elements of scaffolding in mathematical modeling. ZDM -Mathematics Education, 47(7), 12251240.Vaughn, S., Roberts, G., Swanson, E. A., Wanzek, J., Fall, A., & Stillman-spisak, S. J.(2015). Improving middle-school students knowledge and comprehension in social studies: Areplication. Education Psychology, 27, 3150.Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21 stcentury competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of CurriculumStudies, 44(3), 299321.Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2005). Research methods in education: an introduction, 8th edition.Boston: Pearson Education Inc.Williams, C. (2016). Springer texts in education. In Teaching English Reading in theChinese-Speaking World (118). Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media.Wischgoll, A., Pauli, C., & Reusser, K. (2015). Scaffolding-How can contingency lead to successfullearning when dealing with errors? ZDM - Mathematics Education, 47(7), 11471159.Wise, N., DAngelo, N., & Xi, C. (2016). A school-based phonological awarenessintervention for struggling readers in early French immersion. Reading and Writing, 29(2),183205.Yahya Othman. (2003). Mengajar membaca teori dan aplikasi panduan meningkatkan kemahiran mengajarmembaca. Pahang: PTS Publications & Distributor Sdn.Bhd.Yang, Y., & Qian, D. D. (2017). Assessing English reading comprehension by Chinese EFL learnersin computerized dynamic assessment. Language Testing in Asia, 7(1), 11.Zaidah Zainal. (2003). Critical review of reading models and theories In first andsecond languages. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 1(2), 105124.