Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura

<p>Kajian ini mengetengahkan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan</p><p>(PPBT) bagi merangsang murid-murid yang terdiri daripada penutur natif Melayu</p><p>untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Dasar kedwibahasaan di Sing...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zainaba Omar
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7083
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7083
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Zainaba Omar
Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
description <p>Kajian ini mengetengahkan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan</p><p>(PPBT) bagi merangsang murid-murid yang terdiri daripada penutur natif Melayu</p><p>untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Dasar kedwibahasaan di Singapura yang menekankan</p><p>pembelajaran bahasa Inggeris dan satu bahasa ibunda menyebabkan murid-murid yang</p><p>mengambil bahasa Melayu tidak berupaya bertutur bahasa Melayu. Oleh itu, kajian ini</p><p>bertujuan meneroka keberkesanan PPBT untuk mengajar kemahiran bertutur bahasa</p><p>Melayu. Kaedah kuasi eksperimen digunakan bagi mengkaji keberkesanan PPBT untuk</p><p>mengajar kemahiran bertutur kepada murid sekolah rendah di Singapura. Kajian ini</p><p>melibatkan murid darjah lima dari dua buah sekolah yang berbeza. Sebuah sekolah</p><p>dengan murid seramai 30 murid menjadi kumpulan rawatan manakala sebuah sekolah</p><p>lagi dengan 22 murid sebagai kumpulan kawalan. Kumpulan rawatan menggunakan</p><p>PPBT dan kumpulan kawalan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Ujian pra</p><p>dijalankan sebelum kumpulan rawatan menjalani pembelajaran menggunakan PPBT</p><p>dan kumpulan kawalan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Kedua-dua kumpulan</p><p>kemudiannya menjalani ujian pasca. Kumpulan rawatan turut menjawab kajian soal</p><p>selidik sebelum dan selepas PPBT. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara inferensi dan</p><p>deskriptif dengan menggunakan Ujian Wilcoxon Signed Ranks dan Ujian Mann-</p><p>Whitney serta SPSS versi 25. Ujian Wilcoxon Signed Ranks menunjukkan perbezaan</p><p>signifikan antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca dalam aspek kelancaran bagi kumpulan</p><p>rawatan dengan nilai Z = -4.075, p < .001. Skor bagi penggunaan kosa kata pula</p><p>mempunyai nilai Z = -4.108, p < .001 manakala skor bahasa mempunyai nilai Z = -</p><p>3.811, p < .001. Dari segi motivasi dan keyakinan, 100% bersetuju bahawa PPBT</p><p>membantu mereka bertutur bahasa Melayu. Kesimpulannya penggunaan PPBT dapat</p><p>membantu dalam penguasaan kemahiran bertutur dan meningkatkan motivasi serta</p><p>keyakinan untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Implikasinya PPBT boleh digunakan oleh</p><p>guru-guru Bahasa Melayu, pembina bahan dan juga institut pendidikan perguruan bagi</p><p>membantu meningkatkan kemahiran dan motivasi untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu dalam</p><p>kalangan murid sekolah rendah di Singapura.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Zainaba Omar
author_facet Zainaba Omar
author_sort Zainaba Omar
title Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
title_short Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
title_full Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
title_fullStr Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
title_full_unstemmed Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura
title_sort kesan kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran berasaskan tugasan (ppbt) terhadap pertuturan bahasa melayu murid sekolah rendah di singapura
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7083
_version_ 1747833352491106304
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:70832022-05-19 Kesan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan (PPBT) terhadap pertuturan Bahasa Melayu murid sekolah rendah di Singapura 2021 Zainaba Omar LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini mengetengahkan kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Tugasan</p><p>(PPBT) bagi merangsang murid-murid yang terdiri daripada penutur natif Melayu</p><p>untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Dasar kedwibahasaan di Singapura yang menekankan</p><p>pembelajaran bahasa Inggeris dan satu bahasa ibunda menyebabkan murid-murid yang</p><p>mengambil bahasa Melayu tidak berupaya bertutur bahasa Melayu. Oleh itu, kajian ini</p><p>bertujuan meneroka keberkesanan PPBT untuk mengajar kemahiran bertutur bahasa</p><p>Melayu. Kaedah kuasi eksperimen digunakan bagi mengkaji keberkesanan PPBT untuk</p><p>mengajar kemahiran bertutur kepada murid sekolah rendah di Singapura. Kajian ini</p><p>melibatkan murid darjah lima dari dua buah sekolah yang berbeza. Sebuah sekolah</p><p>dengan murid seramai 30 murid menjadi kumpulan rawatan manakala sebuah sekolah</p><p>lagi dengan 22 murid sebagai kumpulan kawalan. Kumpulan rawatan menggunakan</p><p>PPBT dan kumpulan kawalan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Ujian pra</p><p>dijalankan sebelum kumpulan rawatan menjalani pembelajaran menggunakan PPBT</p><p>dan kumpulan kawalan menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Kedua-dua kumpulan</p><p>kemudiannya menjalani ujian pasca. Kumpulan rawatan turut menjawab kajian soal</p><p>selidik sebelum dan selepas PPBT. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara inferensi dan</p><p>deskriptif dengan menggunakan Ujian Wilcoxon Signed Ranks dan Ujian Mann-</p><p>Whitney serta SPSS versi 25. Ujian Wilcoxon Signed Ranks menunjukkan perbezaan</p><p>signifikan antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca dalam aspek kelancaran bagi kumpulan</p><p>rawatan dengan nilai Z = -4.075, p < .001. Skor bagi penggunaan kosa kata pula</p><p>mempunyai nilai Z = -4.108, p < .001 manakala skor bahasa mempunyai nilai Z = -</p><p>3.811, p < .001. Dari segi motivasi dan keyakinan, 100% bersetuju bahawa PPBT</p><p>membantu mereka bertutur bahasa Melayu. Kesimpulannya penggunaan PPBT dapat</p><p>membantu dalam penguasaan kemahiran bertutur dan meningkatkan motivasi serta</p><p>keyakinan untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Implikasinya PPBT boleh digunakan oleh</p><p>guru-guru Bahasa Melayu, pembina bahan dan juga institut pendidikan perguruan bagi</p><p>membantu meningkatkan kemahiran dan motivasi untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu dalam</p><p>kalangan murid sekolah rendah di Singapura.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7083 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7083 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi <p>Abbaspour, F. (2016). Speaking Competence and Its Components: A Review of</p><p>Literature. International Journal of Research in Linguistics, Language</p><p>Teaching and Testing, 1(4), 144152.</p><p></p><p>Abbas Abdoli Sejzi & Baharuddin (2012). Constuctivist Approach in Virtual</p><p>Universities. Social and Behavioral Sciences 56, 426 431.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Aziz Abdul Talib (1993). Menguji Kemahiran Bahasa. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan</p><p>Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Adamu Tairu Idris, Ibrahim Muhammad Shamsuddin, Adamu Tairu Arome, Ibrahim</p><p>Aminu (2018). Use of Audio-Visual Materials in Teaching and Learning of</p><p>Classification of Living Things Among Secondary School Students in Sabon</p><p>Gari LGA of Kaduna State, Plant. Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 33-37.</p><p></p><p>Afria N., Yenni R., & Ratmanida. (2019). The Influence of Task-based Language</p><p>Teaching on Speaking Skill of EFL Students with Intrinsic Motivation.</p><p>International Journal of Literature and Arts. 7(6), 179-184.</p><p></p><p>Ahumaidi, M., (2011). Communicative language teaching. Di capai daripada</p><p>http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa</p><p></p><p>Albino, G. (2017) Improving Speaking Fluency in a Taskbased Language Teaching</p><p>Approach: The Case of EFL Learners at PUNIV-Cazenga. SAGE Open. 1-1.</p><p></p><p>Aliakbari, M. & Jamalvandi, B., (2010). The impact of role play on fostering EFL</p><p>learners speaking ability; A task-based approach. Pan-Pacific Association of</p><p>Applied Linguistics, 14(1), 15-29.</p><p></p><p>Alosh, M. (2004). Using Arabic: A guide to a contemporary usage. New York:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Alzahrani, I., & Woollard, J., (2013). The role of the constructivist learning theory and</p><p>collaborative learning environment on Wiki Classroom, and the relationship</p><p>between them. Prosiding di International Conference For e-learning Distance</p><p>(3rd, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia).</p><p></p><p>Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological testing (6th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing</p><p>Co, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Anderson, J. R., (2000). Learning and memory: An integrated approach (2nd ed).</p><p>Wiley: New York.</p><p></p><p>Applefield, J. M., Huber, R., Mahnaz, M., (2001). Constructivism in theory and</p><p>practice: Toward a Better Understanding, High School Journal 84(2), 35- 53.</p><p></p><p>Asli nla, (2015). How alert should I be to learn a language? The noticing</p><p>hypothesis and its implications for language teaching. Procedia - Social and</p><p>Behavioral Sciences 199, 261 267</p><p></p><p>Asrori, Muhammad. (2012). Psikologi pembelajaran. Bandung: Bumi Rancaekek</p><p>Kencana.</p><p></p><p>Aston, G. (1986). Trouble shooting in interaction with learners: The more the merrier.</p><p>Applied Linguistics, 7, 128-43.</p><p></p><p>Arslantas, K. T., & Tokel, S.T. (2018). Anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence in</p><p>speaking English during task-based activities in Second Life. Kastamonu</p><p>Education Journal, 26(2).</p><p></p><p>Bao, R., & Du, X. (2015). Implementation of task-based language teaching in Chinese</p><p>as a foreign language: benefits and challenges. Language, Culture and</p><p>Curriculum, 1-20.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A., (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change.</p><p>Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.</p><p></p><p>Bantis, A., M. (2008). Using task-based writing instruction to provide differentiated</p><p>instruction for English language learners. (Master's thesis).</p><p></p><p>Bashir, M., Azeem, M., & Dogar, A. H. (2011). Factor effecting students English</p><p>speaking skills. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 2(1), 34-50.</p><p></p><p>Bayram-Jacobs, D., & Hayirsever, F. (2016). Student-centred Learning: How Does It</p><p>Work in Practice? Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural</p><p>Science, 18(3), 1-15.</p><p></p><p>Bechtel, W. & Abrahamsen, A., (1991). Connectionism and the mind: An introduction</p><p>to parallel processing in networks. Cambridge, MA, US: Basil Blackwell.</p><p></p><p>Beglar, D., & Hunt, A., (2002). Implementing task-based language teaching. Di dalam</p><p>J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching:</p><p>An anthology of current practice (pp. 96-106). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Beretta, A. & Davies, A., (1985). Evaluation of the Bangalore project. ELT Journal,</p><p>39(2), 121-127.</p><p></p><p>Black, P.J., and William, D. (1998). Inside the black box: raising standards through</p><p>classroom assessment. London: Kings College London School of Education.</p><p></p><p>Bhn, H. (2015). Assessing EFL spoken language. SAGE Open, 5(4), 1-12.</p><p></p><p>Brand, C., Gtz, S. (2011). Fluency versus accuracy in advanced spoken learner</p><p>language: A multi-method approach. International Journal of Corpus</p><p>Linguistics,16, 255-275.</p><p></p><p>Brandl, K. (2016). Task-based instruction and teacher training. Di dalam Deusen-</p><p>Scholl, N. Van & May, S. (Eds.), Second and foreign language education.</p><p>Encyclopaedia of language and education (3rd Ed., pp. 114). Cham,</p><p>Switzerland: Springer.</p><p></p><p>Brooks, J. G., and Brooks, M. G. (1993). In search of understanding: The case for</p><p>constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and</p><p>Curriculum Development.</p><p></p><p>Brown H.D. (2000). Principles in language teaching and learning (4th Ed.). New York:</p><p>A Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Brown H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language</p><p>pedagogy. Foreign Language Teaching and Research. Beijing: Press Beijing.</p><p></p><p>Brown, H. D., (2007). Principles in Language Teaching and Learning (5th, Ed.) White</p><p>Plains, NY: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Bruner, J. (1999). The culture of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p><p></p><p>Buriro, G. A., & Hayat, T. (2010). Task-based learning: An in-class ELT experiment.</p><p>Journal of Educational Research, 13, 121- 132.</p><p></p><p>Burns, A. & Joyce, H. (1997). Focus on Speaking. Sydney: Macquire University.</p><p></p><p>Burns, A. & Siegel, J. (2018). International perspectives on teaching the four skills in</p><p>ELT listening, speaking, reading, writing. Switzerland: Springer Nature.</p><p></p><p>Burns, A. (1998). Teaching speaking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 18(3),</p><p>102-123.</p><p></p><p>Burt, M. K. & Dulay H. C., (1973). Should we teach children syntax? Language</p><p>Learning, 23(2), 254-258.</p><p></p><p>Butler, Y.G. & Hakuta, K. (2004). Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition. Di</p><p>dalam Bhatia, T.K. & Ritchie, W.C. (Eds.), The Handbook of Bilingualism, (pp.</p><p>114- 144). Massachuetts: Blackwwell.</p><p></p><p>Bygate, M. (1987). Speaking. USA: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Bygate, M. (Ed.). (2015). Domains and directions in the development of TBLT.</p><p>Philadelphia: John Benjamins.</p><p></p><p>Bygate, M., (1988). Units of oral expression and language learning in small group</p><p>interaction. Di dalam Foster, P., Tonkyn, A. & Wigglesworth, G. (Eds.), (2000).</p><p>Measuring Spoken language: A unit for all reasons. Oxford: Oxford University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Bygate, M., Norris, J. M., & Van den Branden, K. (2012). Task-based language</p><p>teaching. Di dalam C. Chapelle (Ed). Blackwell encyclopaedia of applied</p><p>linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.</p><p></p><p>Bygate, M., Skehan, P., & Swain, M. (2001). Researching pedagogical tasks: Second</p><p>language learning, teaching and testing. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.</p><p></p><p>Campbell, D. T., Stanley, J. C., & Gage, N. L. (1963). Experimental and quasi</p><p>experimental designs for research. Boston, MA, US: Houghton, Mifflin and</p><p>Company.</p><p></p><p>Carless, D., (2002). Implementing task-based learning with young learners, ELT</p><p>Journal, 56(4), 389-396.</p><p></p><p>Carless, D., (2004). Issues in Teachers Reinterpretation of a Task-Based Innovation in</p><p>Primary Schools. TESOL Quarterly 38, 639-662.</p><p></p><p>Carolina, A. (2016). Improving 10th Graders English C ommunicative Competence</p><p>through the Implementation of the Task-based Learning Approach. Profile</p><p>Issues in Teachers Professional Development, 18 (2): 95-100.</p><p></p><p>Census of Population 2017 Statistical Release 1, Demographic Characteristics. Di</p><p>dalam Government of Singapore (2017). Singapore: Department of Statistics,</p><p>Ministry of Trade and Industry.</p><p></p><p>Census of Population 2019 Statistical Release 1, Demographic Characteristics. Di</p><p>dalam Government of Singapore (2017). Singapore: Department of Statistics,</p><p>Ministry of Trade and Industry.</p><p></p><p>Cevallos, J.B., Eder, A.I., Villafuerte, J.H., Molina, G.G. & Ortega, L.A. (2017).</p><p>Motivation and Autonomy in Learning English as Foreign Language: A Case</p><p>Study of Ecuadorian College Students. English Language Teaching, 10(2), 100-</p><p>113.</p><p></p><p>Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental design</p><p>for research. Hopewell, NJ: Houghton Mifflin Company</p><p></p><p>Chua H.W., & Chia Y.L., (2020). The Effect of Task-based Language Teaching in</p><p>Learning Motivation. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences</p><p>2(1), 41-48.</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw, (2011). Kaedah penyelidikan: Kaedah dan statistic penyelidikan,</p><p>Buku 1. Edisi kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw Hill.</p><p></p><p>Chuang, Y. Y. (2010). Implementing task-based language approach to teach and assess</p><p>oral proficiency in the college EFL classroom. Taipei, Taiwan: National</p><p>Science Council.</p><p></p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. New</p><p>York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J.W., (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.</p><p>Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J.W., (2012). Educational research. Planning, conducting and evaluating</p><p>quantitative and qualitative research. Third Edition. England: Pearson</p><p>Educational International.</p><p></p><p>Criado, R., (2013). A Critical review of the Presentation-Practice-Production Model</p><p>(PPP) in Foreign Language Teaching. Di dalam R. Monroy (Ed.). Homenaje</p><p></p><p>Francisco Gutirrez Dez, pp. 97-115. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://www.academia.edu/3171783/A_</p><p></p><p>Crookes, G.V. (1986). Task Classification: A cross-disciplinary review. Technical</p><p>Report 4. Center for Second Language Classroom Research, Social Science</p><p>Research Institute. Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa.</p><p></p><p>Crowther, D., Trofimovich, P., Isaacs, T., Saito, K. (2015). Does a speaking task affect</p><p>second language comprehensibility? Modern Language Journal, 99, 80-95.</p><p></p><p>Curdt-Christiansen, (2014). Planning for development or decline? Education policy for</p><p>Chinese language in Singapore. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 11(1), 1-</p><p>26.</p><p></p><p>De Bot, K. (1992). A Bilingual Production Model: Levelts Speaking Model Adapted.</p><p>Applied Linguistics, 13, 1-24</p><p></p><p>De Bot, K. (1996). The Psycholinguistics of the Output Hypothesis, Language</p><p>Learning: A Journal of Research in Language Studies, 46(3), 529-555.</p><p></p><p>De la Fuente, M. J. (2006). Classroom L2 vocabulary acquisition: Investigating the role</p><p>of pedagogical tasks and form-focused instruction. Language Teaching</p><p>Research, 10(3), 263-295.</p><p></p><p>DeKeyser, R. M. (2007): Introduction: Situating the concept of practice. Di dalam R.</p><p>M. DeKeyser (Ed.): Practice in a Second Language: Perspectives from Applied</p><p>Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Pp.1-18. Cambridge: Cambridge</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Dempsey, P. A., & Dempsey, A. D. (1986). The research process in nursing (2nd ed.).</p><p>Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers</p><p></p><p>Dewey, J. (2011) The child and curriculum. Connecticut: Martino Fine Books.</p><p>(Original work published 1902)</p><p></p><p>Doff, A. (1998). Teach English: A Training Course for Teacher. Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Drnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in</p><p>second language acquisition. Mahwah, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.</p><p></p><p>Drnyei, Z., Henry, A., & Muir, C. (2016). Motivational currents in language learning:</p><p>Frameworks for focused interventions. New York, NY: Routledge</p><p></p><p>Dunne R & Ted Wragg, (1996). Pembelajaran efektif (terjemahan Anwaar Yasin),</p><p>Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.</p><p></p><p>East, M. (2017). Research into practice: The task-based approach to instructed SL</p><p>acquisition. Language Teaching.</p><p></p><p>East, M., (2012). Task-based language teaching from the teachers perspective.</p><p>Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.</p><p></p><p>Eccles, J.S. & Wigfiled, A. (2002). Motivational Beliefs, Values, Goals. Annual Review</p><p>of Psychology, 53, 109-132.</p><p></p><p>Education Statistics Digest 2017 (2017). Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/defaultsource/document/publications/educations</p><p>tatist ics-digest/esd_2017.pdf</p><p></p><p>Efrizal, D. (2012). Improving students speaking through communicative language</p><p>Sentot Ali Basa Islamic Boarding School of Journal of Humanities and Social</p><p>Science, teaching method at Mts Ja-Alhaq, Bengkulu, Indonesia. International</p><p>2(20), 127134.</p><p></p><p>Eggen, P.D. & Kauchak, D.P. (2007). Educational Psychology: Windows on</p><p>classrooms. Upper Saddle, N.J.: Prentice Hall</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2000). Task-based research and language pedagogy. Language Teaching</p><p>Research, 4(3), 193220.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2001). Task-based language teaching and learning. Di dalam Nunan, D. (Eds.)</p><p>(2003). Task-based language teaching. Hong Kong: Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2002). Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit</p><p>knowledge? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24(2), 223-236.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2009). The differential effects of three types of planning on fluency,</p><p>complexity and accuracy in L2 oral production. Applied Linguistics, 30, 474-</p><p>509.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2013). Task-based Language Learning and Teaching. Shanghai: Shanghai</p><p>Foreign Language Education Press.</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2015). Understanding Second Language Acquisiton-Oxford Applied</p><p>Linguistics (2nd Ed.) Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.112.483.211-a</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2017). Position Paper: Moving Task-based language teaching forward.</p><p>Language Teaching, 50(4).</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R. (2018). Reflections on task-based language teaching. Bristol, UK:</p><p>Multilingual Matters</p><p></p><p>Ervina Jamil (2019, Oktober 23). Penggunaan bahasa Inggeris di rumah termasuk</p><p>keluarga Melayu terus meningkat. Berita Harian, halaman 4.</p><p></p><p>Estaire, S. & Zanon, J. (1994). Planning Classwork: A Task -Based Approach. Oxford:</p><p>Heinemann.</p><p></p><p>Favreau, M. & Segalowitz, N.S. (1983). Automatic and controlled processes in the first</p><p>and second-language reading of fluent bilinguals. Memory & Cognition, 11(6),</p><p>565-574.</p><p></p><p>Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. (2nd ed). London: Sage</p><p>Publications.</p><p></p><p>Florez, M. (1998). Improving Adult ESL Learners' Pronunciation Skills. ERIC Digest.</p><p>National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education. (ERIC Document</p><p>Reproduction Service No. ED: 427553).</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2015). How to design and evaluate</p><p>research in education (9th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Fries, P.H. (1983). On the status of theme in English: Arguments from discourse. Di</p><p>dalam J.S. Petofi & E. Sozer (Eds). Micro & Macro Connexity of Discourse (pp.</p><p>116-152). Hamburg: Buske.</p><p></p><p>Frost, R. (2014). A Task-based Approach. Britis Council Teaching English. Dimuat</p><p>turun daripada</p><p>http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/methodology/task_based.shtml</p><p></p><p>Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction.</p><p>Longman Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Gardner R.C., (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of</p><p>attitude and motivation, London: Edward Arnold.</p><p></p><p>Gardner, R.C. & Lambert, W.E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language</p><p>learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.</p><p></p><p>Garman, M. (1990). Psycholinguistics, New York: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Gass, S. (1997). Input, interaction, and the second language learner. University of</p><p>Michigan: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</p><p></p><p>Gass, S., Mackey, A., & Ross-Feldman, L., (2005). Task-Based Interactions in</p><p>Classroom and Laboratory Settings. Language Journal, 55(4), 575-611.</p><p></p><p>Gatbanton, E. & GU, G. (1994). Preparing and implementing a task-based ESL</p><p>curriculum in an EFL setting: implications for theory and practice. TESL</p><p>Canada Journal, 11(2), 9-12.</p><p></p><p>Ghanizadeh, A., & Royaei, N. (2015). Emotional facet of language teaching: Emotion</p><p>regulation and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher burnout.</p><p>International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 10, 139-150.</p><p></p><p>Gheisari, N., & Jamali, F. (2014). Sociocultural Theory in Second Language</p><p>Acquisition: tenets and pedagogical implications in an EFL setting.</p><p></p><p>Goh, C. (2007). Teaching speaking in the language classroom. Singapore: SEAMEO</p><p>Regional Language Centre.</p><p></p><p>Gohil, P. (2013). English as a global language. International Journal for Research in</p><p>Education, 2(2). 7-13.</p><p></p><p>Gopalan V, Juliana Aida A. Bakar, Asmidah Alwi &b A. Nasir Zulkifli (2017). A</p><p>Review of the Motivation Theories in Learning. Conference Paper in AIP</p><p>Conference Proceedings October 2017 Dimuat turun daripada DOI:</p><p>10.1063/1.5005376</p><p></p><p>Gopinathan, S. (2010). Globalisation, the Singapore developmental state and education</p><p>policy: A thesis revisited. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 5(1). 53-70.</p><p></p><p>Gopinathan, S. (1998). Language policy changes 19791997: Politics and pedagogy.</p><p>Di dalam S. Gopinathan, A. Pakir, W. K. Ho, & V. Saravanan (Eds.), Language,</p><p>society and education in Singapore: Issues and trends (pp. 1944, 2nd Ed.).</p><p>Singapore: Times Academic Press.</p><p></p><p>Gredler, M. E., Broussard, S. C., & Garrison. M.E.B. (2004) The Relationship between</p><p>Classroom Motivation and Academic Achievement in Elementary School Aged</p><p>Children. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33, 106-120.</p><p></p><p>Gronlund, N.E. & Linn, R.L. (1990) Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching.</p><p>McMillan Company, New York.</p><p></p><p>Guerrero, M. (2015). Motivation in second language learning: A historical overview</p><p>and its relevance in a public high school in Pasto, Colombia. HOW, 22(1), 95-</p><p>106.</p><p></p><p>Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R.L. (2006).</p><p>Multivariate data analysis (6th Ed.), Pearson International Edition, Pearson</p><p>Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>Hakuta, K. (1976). A case study of a Japanese child learning ESL. Language Learning,</p><p>26. 321 - 351.</p><p></p><p>Hamid Al Taani, (2018). Integrative and instrumental motivation for learning.</p><p>International Journal of Learning and Development, 8(4), 89-105.</p><p></p><p>Hanifa R. (2018). Factors generating anxiety when learning EFL speaking skills.</p><p>Studies in English Language and Education, 5 (2): 230-239.</p><p></p><p>Hanjani, A.M., (2019). Collective peer scaffolding, self-revision, and writing progress</p><p>of novice EFL learners International Journal of English Studies, 41-57.</p><p></p><p>Hanna, G. S., & Dettmer, P. A. (2004). Assessment for effective teaching: Using context</p><p>adaptive planning. Boston, MA: Pearson A&B.</p><p></p><p>Harimurti Kridalaksana. (1983). Kamus Lingusitik. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka</p><p>Utama.</p><p></p><p>Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Edinburgh: Pearson</p><p>Education limited.</p><p></p><p>Hashemi, Masoud & Azizi Nezhad, Masoud & Darvishi, Sohrab. (2012). Using task</p><p>based language teaching, learning practically in English classes. Procedia -</p><p>Social and Behavioral Sciences, 526529.</p><p></p><p>Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback. Review of Educational</p><p>Research, 77(1), 81112.</p><p></p><p>Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford: Oxford</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Hismanoglu, M. & Hismanoglu, S. (2011). Task-based language teaching: What every</p><p>EFL teacher should do. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15(12), 46-</p><p>52.232</p><p></p><p>Hosseini, A. B., Ghonsooly, B., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2017). Self-fulfilment in higher</p><p>education: Contributions from mastery goal, intrinsic motivation, and</p><p>assertions. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26(3-4), 171-182.</p><p></p><p>Houghton, L. (2018) The Strengths and Weaknesses the Task-Based Syllabus.</p><p>Birmingham: University of Birmingham.</p><p></p><p>Howatt, A. (1984). A History of English Language Teaching. Di dalam R. Ellis. (Eds.)</p><p>Task- based Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Oxford University</p><p>Press. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/speeches/1999/200199.htm</p><p></p><p>Hu, R. (2013). Task-Based Language Teaching: Responses from Chinese Teachers of</p><p>English. The Electric Journal for English as a Second Language 16(4), dicapai</p><p>daripada http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume16/ej64/ej64a1/ pada</p><p>10 Sept. 2018.</p><p></p><p>Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for language teacher, (2nd Ed). UK: Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Humaidi, M. (2011). Communicative language teaching. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>www.scribd.com/doc/47733359/communi</p><p></p><p>Humaera, I. (2015). Inhibition in Speaking Performance. Journal of The Association</p><p>for Arabic and English, Vol. 1, No. 1, 31-50.</p><p></p><p>Islam, N.D., Ghassem, B., Abdulreza, P. (2017). The effect of task-based language</p><p>teaching on motivation and grammatical achievement of EFL junior high school</p><p>students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(2), 243-259.</p><p></p><p>Izumi, S. (2003). Comprehension and Production Processes in Second Language</p><p>Learning: In Search of the Psycholinguistic Rationale of the Output Hypothesis,</p><p>Applied Linguistics 24(12), 168-196.</p><p></p><p>Izumi, S., & Bigelow, M. (2000). Does Output Promote Noticing and Second Language</p><p>Acquisition? TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 239-278.</p><p></p><p>Johns R. (2006). One size doesnt fit all: Selecting responses scaled for attitude items.</p><p>Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, (15) 2, 237-264.</p><p></p><p>Jalongo, M.R. (2011) Early Childhood Language Arts, 5th edition. Boston, MA:</p><p>Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Jensen, E. (2007) Introduction to brain-compatible learning, 2nd edition. Thousand</p><p>Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Jeon, I., & Hahan, J. (2006). Exploring EFL teachers perceptions of task -based</p><p>language teaching: A case study of Korean secondary school classroom</p><p>practice. Dimuat turun daripada http://www.asian-efljournal.</p><p>com/March06_ijj&jwh.pdf</p><p></p><p>Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, F.P.1. (1997). Joining together: group theory and group</p><p>skills (6th ed.) Boston, Mass.: Ally and Bacon.</p><p></p><p>Jyothi M., & Pushpa N.S., (2020). Developing spoken fluency through task-based</p><p>teaching, 9th World Engineering Education Forum, WEEF 2019 Procedia</p><p>computer science 172 (2020), 623630.</p><p></p><p>Kafipour, R., Jafari, S., dan Khojasteh, L. (2018) The effect of taskbased instruction</p><p>on L2 grammar learning and motivation of Iranian EFL learners junior high</p><p>school students. Revista Publicando, 5 (16), 746-795.</p><p></p><p>Kamarudin Hj Husin. (1994). KBSM dan Strategi Pengajaran Bahasa. Subang Jaya:</p><p>Kumpulan Budiman.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Bahasa (2005). Sukatan Pelajaran Bahasa Melayu (Sekolah</p><p>Rendah). Singapura.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Singapura (2010). Sukatan Pelajaran Bahasa Melayu</p><p>(Sekolah Rendah). Singapura. 233</p><p></p><p>Kholik. (2011). Metode Pembelajaran Konvensional. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>http//wordpress.com/2011/11/08/metode-pembelajaran-konvensional</p><p></p><p>Klapper, J. (2003). Taking communication task to task? A critical review of recent</p><p>trends in language teaching. Language Learning Journal, 27, 33-42.</p><p></p><p>Kormos, J. (2006). Speech production and second language acquisition. Mahwah:</p><p>Lawrence Erlbaum.</p><p></p><p>Kosar, G., & Bedir, H. (2014). Strategies-based instruction: A means of improving</p><p>adult EFL learners speaking skills. International Journal of Language</p><p>Academy, 2, 2342-0251.</p><p></p><p>Krashen, S. (1981). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Di</p><p>dalam Ellis, R. Loewen, S., Elder, C., Erlam, R., Philp, J. and Reinders, H.</p><p>(Eds.) (2009). Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Second Language Learning,</p><p>Testing and Teaching. Great Britain: Short Run Press Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Krashen, S. (1994). The input hypothesis and its rivals. Di dalam Ellis N.C. (Ed.),</p><p>Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 45-77). London: Academic</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use: The Taipei</p><p>Lectures. Portsmouth: Heinemann</p><p></p><p>Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Di dalam</p><p>Nunan, D. (Eds.) (2003). Task-Based Language Teaching. Hong Kong:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Krashen, S.D., (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London:</p><p>Longman.</p><p></p><p>Krosnick, J. A., & Presser, S. (2010). Question and questionnaire design. In J. D.</p><p>Wright & P. V. Marsden (Eds.), Handbook of survey research (second edition)</p><p>(pp. 263-313). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.</p><p></p><p>Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2007a). Cognitive task complexity and linguistic performance</p><p>in French L2 writing. Di dalam M. P. Garcia Mayo (Ed.), Investigating tasks in</p><p>formal language learning (pp. 117135). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.</p><p></p><p>Kumaravadivelu, B. (2006). The post method condition: Emerging strategies for</p><p>second/ foreign language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 28, 27-48.</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J. (Ed.) 2000. Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning. Di dalam</p><p>Nunan, D. (Eds) (2003). Task-Based Language Teaching. Hong Kong:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J. P. & Thorne, S. L., (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of L2</p><p>development. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J., Thorne, S. L., & Poehner, M. (2015). Sociocultural Theory and Second</p><p>Language Development. In B. van Patten & J. Williams (Eds.), Theories in</p><p>Second Language Acquisition.Pennsylvania State University: Portland</p><p></p><p>Lauster, P. (2012). Tes Kepribadian. Terjemahan oleh D. H. Gulo. Jakarta: PT. Bumi</p><p>Aksara.</p><p></p><p>Leaver, L. & Willis, J., (2004). Task-based instruction in foreign language education.</p><p>Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.</p><p></p><p>Lee K Y. (2012). My Lifelong Challenge: Singapores Bilingual Journey. Singapore:</p><p>Straits Times Press.</p><p></p><p>Lee K.Y. (2001). The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Marshall Cavendish</p><p>International: Singapore.</p><p></p><p>Lee, H. L. (1999). Ministerial Statement by DPM BG Lee Hsien Loong on Chinese</p><p>Language in Schools. Di dalam Parliament on 20 January 1999. Dimuat turun</p><p>daripada https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/1999012002.htm</p><p></p><p>Lee, H.L. (2011). Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's Chinese New Year Message 2011.</p><p>Singapore: Prime Minister's Office, Singapore.</p><p></p><p>Lee. J. (2000). Tasks and Communicating in Language Classrooms. Boston, USA:</p><p>McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Leong L.M. & Ahmadi Masumeh (2017). An analysis of factors influencing learners</p><p>English speaking skill. International Journal of Research, 2, 34-41.</p><p></p><p>Lessard-Cloustom, M. (2018).Second Language Acquisition Applied to English</p><p>Language Teaching. SLA Essential III: Interaction. TESOL International</p><p>Association.</p><p></p><p>Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). ACL-MIT Press series in natural-language processing.</p><p>Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA, US: The MIT Press.</p><p></p><p>Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A Theory of Lexical Access in</p><p>Speech Production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1-75.</p><p></p><p>Lewis, M. (1993). The Lexical Approach, Language Teaching Approach. England:</p><p>Language Teaching Publications.</p><p></p><p>Li, D. (1998). Its Always More Difficult than You Plan and Imagine: Teachers:</p><p>Perceived Difficulties in Introducing the Communicative Approach in South</p><p>Korea. TESOL Quarterly 32, 677-703.</p><p></p><p>Li, Y.W. (2016). Transforming Conventional Teaching Classroom to Learner-Centred</p><p>Teaching Classroom Using Multimedia-Mediated Learning Module,</p><p>International Journal of Information and Education Technology vol. 6, no. 2,</p><p>pp. 105-112, 2016.</p><p></p><p>Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2011), How languages are learned. (4th Ed.) Oxford:</p><p>Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Lindsay, C. and Clarke, S. (2001). Enhancing primary science through self and paired</p><p>assessment, Primary Science Review, 68, 1518.</p><p></p><p>Littlewood, W. (2007). Communicative and Task-Based Language Teaching in East</p><p>Asian Classrooms. Language Teaching, 40, 243-249.</p><p></p><p>Long M. H. (1985). Input and second language acquisition theory. Di dalam S. Gass &</p><p>C. Madden (Eds.), Input and second language acquisition, Rowley, MA:</p><p>Newbury House.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. (1989). Task, group and task-group interactions. Di dalam R. Ellis (Eds.)</p><p>Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. (1991). Focus on form: A Design Feature in Language Teaching</p><p>Methodology. Di dalam K. de Bot, R. Ginsburg, & C. Kramsch S (Eds.),</p><p>Foreign Language Research in Cross Cultural Perspectives (pp. 39-52).</p><p>Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamin.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. H. (1996). The role of linguistic environment in second language acquisition.</p><p>Di dalam W. C. Ritchie, & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language</p><p>acquisition (pp. 413- 463). San Diego: Academic Press.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. H. (Ed.). (2005). Second language needs analysis. Cambridge, UK:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. H. (2007). SLA: Breaking the siege. Di dalam M.H. Long, (Ed.) Problems in</p><p>SLA (pp.139-168). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. H. (2009). Methodological principles in language teaching. Di dalam M. H.</p><p>Long & C. J. Doughty (Eds.), Handbook of language teaching (pp. 37394).</p><p>Oxford, UK: Blackwell.</p><p></p><p>Long, M. H. (2015). Second language acquisition and task -based language teaching.</p><p>Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.</p><p></p><p>Long, M.H. and Crookes, G. (1992). Three approaches to task-based syllabus design.</p><p>Di dalam R. Willis and B.L. Leaver (Eds.) Task-based Instruction in Foreign</p><p>language Education. Washington DC: University Press.</p><p></p><p>Long, M.H. and Doughty, C.J. (2009). The handbook of language teaching. Wiley</p><p>Blackwell Publication.</p><p></p><p>Lopez, J. (2004). Introducing TBI for Teaching English in Brazil. Dimuat turun</p><p>daripada http://etd.auu.et/dspace/%E2%80%A6/1/Microsoft%20-%20-</p><p>%20tagesse</p><p></p><p>Lyons, J. (1981). Language and Linguistics: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Machado, J. (2016). Early Childhood Experiences in Language Arts: Early Literacy</p><p>(11th Ed). New York: Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Mackey, A., (2012). Input, Interaction and Corrective Feedback in L2 Learning,</p><p>Oxford: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Maftoon, P., (2012) A Critical Look at the Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP)</p><p>Approach: Challenges and Promises for ELT . BRAIN. Broad Research in</p><p>Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 3(4) 31-36</p><p></p><p>Maier H. W., 2002 Role playing: structures and educational objectives CYC-online 36.</p><p>Dimuat turun daripada https://cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0102-roleplay.html</p><p></p><p>Mahripah, S. (2014). Exploring Factors Affecting EFL Learners Speaking</p><p>Performance: from Theories into Practices. Proceedings of the 3rd UAD TEFL</p><p>International Conference 2014 Materials Development in Asia and Beyond:</p><p>Directions, Issues, and Challenges. English Education Department,</p><p>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.</p><p></p><p>Malikow, M., (2005). Effective Teacher Study. National Forum of Teacher Education</p><p>Journal-Electronic, 16 (3E), 1-9.</p><p></p><p>Mao, Z. (2012). The application of task based language teaching to English reading</p><p>classroom. Theory and Practices in Language Studies, 2(11), 2430-2438.</p><p></p><p>Margono, S., (2010). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Marzano,</p><p>R. J. (1998). A theory-based meta-analysis of research on instruction. Aurora,</p><p>CO: McREL.</p><p></p><p>Mazouzi, S. (2013). Analysis of Some Factors Affecting Learners Oral Performance.</p><p>A Case Study: 3rd Year Pupils of Menaas Middle Schools. M. A. Dissertation,</p><p>Department of Foreign Languages, English Division, Faculty of Letters and</p><p>Languages, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Peoples Democratic</p><p>Republic of Algeria.</p><p></p><p>McMillan, B., D. J. Rivers, & T. Cripps. (2009). The L1 in the L2 classroom:</p><p>university EFL teacher perceptions in A. Stoke (Ed.). JALT2008 Conference</p><p>Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT.</p><p></p><p>Mercer, N., Wegerif, R., & Sams, C. (2004). Reasoning as a scientist: ways of helping</p><p>children to use language to learn science. British Educational Research Journal,</p><p>30(3), 367-385</p><p></p><p>Meylinah, M. (2014). An Analysis of Bilingual Education in Singapore. Indonesia:</p><p>Universiti Pendidikan Ganesha.</p><p></p><p>Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (2nd Ed.).</p><p>Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Culture. (1979, February 10). Report on the Ministry of Education 1978 </p><p>prepared by Dr Goh Keng Swee and the Education Study Team. Dimuat turun</p><p>daripada National Archives of Singapore http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2008). Mekar 5A, Buku Aktiviti, Singapura: Marshall</p><p>Cavendish.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2008). Mekar 5A, Buku Panduan Guru. Singapura: Marshall</p><p>Cavendish.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2008). Mekar 5A, Buku Teks. Singapura: Marshall Cavendish.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2005). Report of the Malay Language Curriculum and</p><p>Pedagogy Review Committee. Singapore.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2010). Nurturing active learners and proficient users. Report</p><p>of Malay Language Curriculum and Pedagogy Review Committee. Singapore:</p><p>MOE.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Majid Konting. (2001). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan</p><p>Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Mokhtar Ismail. (2011). Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif dalam Pendidikan. Kuala</p><p>Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Moreno, R., (2004). Decreasing cognitive load for novice students: Effects of</p><p>explanatory versus corrective feedback in discovery-based multimedia.</p><p>Instructional Science, 32, 99-113.</p><p></p><p>Munir H.A., Munir M.M., & Jumani N.B., (2019). The Effect of Task-Based</p><p>Language Learning (TBLL) on Developing Speaking Skills of Secondary</p><p>School Learners in Pakistan. International Journal of Lingustics, 9(2), 283-</p><p>291.</p><p></p><p>Nageswara, Rao, (2016). Determining Factors for Employee Motivation and</p><p>Organisation Effectiveness. AEIJMR 4(9),</p><p></p><p>Namaziandost, I., Bohloulzadeh, G., & Pazhakh, A. (2017). The Effect of Task-Based</p><p>Language Teaching on Motivation and Grammatical Achievement of EFL</p><p>Junior High School Students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8</p><p>(2), 243-259.</p><p></p><p>Nanney, B. (2004). Student-centered learning. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>http://ollysofalhaj.ipgkti.edu.my/sumber/resosbestariPENDEKATAN/scl/7%2</p><p>0SC L-Nanney.pdf</p><p></p><p>Ng C.W., (2019). Task-Based Language Teaching in Hong Kong English Education.</p><p>Advances in the Linguistic Sciences,1(1).</p><p></p><p>Nget, S., Pansri, O. & Poohongthing, C. (2020). The Effect of Task-Based Instruction</p><p>in Improving the English Speaking Skills of Ninth-Graders. LEARN Journal:</p><p>Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 13(2).</p><p></p><p>Nguyen, T.A., (2021). Implementing Task-based language teaching in Asian context.</p><p>International Journal of applied Linguistics. 172(1). 121-151.</p><p></p><p>Nunan, D. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Nunan, D. (1999). Second Language Teaching and Learning. Boston: Heinle & Heinle</p><p>Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Nunan, D. (2005). Task Based Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Nunan, D. (2010). Task Based Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, Thousand Oaks,</p><p>CA: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Pavlov, I. (1960). Conditioned reflexes. (A. Translator, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover.</p><p>(Original work published 1927).</p><p></p><p>Peters, M.A. (2007). Editorial. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 39(5), 475</p><p></p><p>Pham V.P.H., & Do T.H., (2020). Impact of Task-Based vs Presentation-Practice-</p><p>Production. Journal of Southwest Jiatong University. 55(3), 1-12.</p><p></p><p>Phakiti, A. (2014). Experimental Research Methodsin Language Learning. UK:</p><p>Bloomsbury Publishing</p><p></p><p>Piaget, J. (1970). Science of education and psychology of the child. New York: Viking.</p><p></p><p>Pienemann, M. (2007). Processability theory. Di dalam B. Van Patten & J. Williams</p><p>(Eds.), Theories in Second Language Acquisition. N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum</p><p>Associates.</p><p></p><p>Pinto, J., (2018). University of Lisbon Centre of Linguistics Portugal Immersion</p><p>Learning Activities: Developing Communicative Tasks in the Community.</p><p></p><p>Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2016). What Factors Influence the English Pronunciation of</p><p>EFL Learners?. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM),</p><p>6(2), 314-326.</p><p></p><p>Prabhu, N. S. (1987). Second language pedagogy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing?</p><p>Di dalam C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A</p><p>new paradigm of instructional theory II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence</p><p>Erlbaum Associates.</p><p></p><p>Richards J.C. and Willy A. Renandya, (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching,</p><p>USA: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. (2006). Approaches and methods in language teaching</p><p>(2nd Ed.). Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Rohana Yusof. (2004). Penyelidikan sains sosial. Pahang: PTS Publications and</p><p>Distributors.</p><p></p><p>Rohani, S. (2011). Impact of task-based learning on Indonesian tertiary EFL students</p><p>employment of oral communication strategies. The International Journal of</p><p>Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5(10), pp. 85-102</p><p></p><p>Roksana Bibi Abdullah. (2003). Bahasa Melayu di Singapura: Pengalihan dan</p><p>Pengekalan. Singapore: DeeZed Consult Singapore.</p><p></p><p>Roselan Baki (2003). Kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Shah Alam:</p><p>Karisma Publication Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Sabitha Marican. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan sains sosial. Petaling Jaya, Selangor:</p><p>Pearson Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>Sabitha Marican. (2009). Penyelidikan sains sosial: pendekatan pragmatik. Batu Caves:</p><p>Edusystem Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Safitri, H., Rafli, Z. and Dewanti, R. (2019). Developing Students Speaking Skills</p><p>through Task-based Learning. In Proceedings of the International Conference</p><p>on Education, Language and Society (ICELS 2019), 210-217.</p><p></p><p>Saito-Abbott, Y. (2004). Designing an outcomes-based TBI Japanese language</p><p>program. Di dalam B.L. Leaver & J.R. Willis (Eds.), Task-based instruction in</p><p>foreign language education. Practices and programs (pp. 122-141). Washington,</p><p>DC: Georgetown University Press</p><p></p><p>Samuda, V. and Bygate, M., (2008). Tasks in second language learning. Basingstoke,</p><p>England: Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p></p><p>Santrock, J.W. 2011. Perkembangan Anak (11th Ed). Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.</p><p></p><p>Schmidt, R, (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role</p><p>of attention and awareness in learning. Di dalam R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention</p><p>and awareness in foreign language learning (pp.1-63). Hawaii: Second</p><p>Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa.</p><p></p><p>Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied</p><p>Linguistics, 11, 127-158.</p><p></p><p>Schmidt, R. (2001). Attention. Di dalam P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and Second</p><p>Language Instruction (pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Scrivener, J. (1994). PPP and after. The Teacher Trainer, 8(1): 15-16.</p><p></p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2011). Research methods for business: a skill building</p><p>approach (5th ed.). New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Segalowitz, N. (1997). Individual differences in second language acquisition. Di dalam</p><p>A. M. B. de Groot & J. F. Kroll (Eds.), Tutorials in bilingualism:</p><p>Psycholinguistic perspectives (pp. 85-112). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence</p><p>Erlbaum Associates Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Segalowitz, N. (2003). Automaticity and second languages. In: Doughty, C. J. & Long,</p><p>M. H. (eds). The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford:</p><p>Blackwell, pp. 381-408.</p><p></p><p>Schrum, M.L., Johnson, M., Ghuy, M., dan Gombolay, M.C. (2020). Four Years in</p><p>Review: Statistcal Practices of Likert Scales in Human-Robot Interaction</p><p>Studies, Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on</p><p>Human-Robot Interaction.</p><p></p><p>Shahril @ Charil M. (2004). Profil Ciri Guru yang Berkualiti: Satu Kajian Kes di</p><p>Bebarapa Buah Sekolah Menengah di Malaysia. Prosiding Seminar</p><p>Kebangsaan Pendidikan Guru. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan</p><p>Idris.</p><p></p><p>Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasiexperimental</p><p>designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton, Mifflin and</p><p>Company.</p><p></p><p>Sheen, R. (2003). Focus on forma myth in the making? ELT Journal 57(3), 225-233.</p><p></p><p>Shehadeh, A. (2005). Task-based language learning and teaching: Theories and</p><p>applications. Di dalam C. Edwards, & J. Willis (Eds.), Teachers Exploring</p><p>Tasks in English Language Teaching (pp. 13-30). U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p></p><p>Shehadeh, Ali & Christine A. Coombe (Eds.). 2012. Task-based language teaching in</p><p>foreign language contexts: Research and implementation. Philadelphia: John</p><p>Benjamins.</p><p></p><p>Silverman, D. (2010) Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook , 3rd Edition.</p><p>London: Sage Publications.</p><p></p><p>Sirajo Muhammad Gulubba, Azian Abd Aziz, Hema Rosheny Mustafa (2019).</p><p>Scaffolding Language Development and Learning in Teacher-Student</p><p>Interactions, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering</p><p>(IJRTE) 8(2S9), 1035-1040.</p><p></p><p>Siti Rahayah Ariffin. (2008). Inovasi dalam pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan.</p><p>Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P, & Foster, P. (1997). Task type and task processing conditions as influences</p><p>on foreign language performance. Language Teaching Research, 1(3), 185-211.</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P. (1996). Second language acquisition research and task-based instruction. Di</p><p>dalam J. Willis & D. Willis (Eds.), Challenge and change in language teaching</p><p>(pp. 17-30). Oxford: Heinemann.</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P. (1998). A cognitive approach to language learning. Di Dalam Long, M.H.</p><p>and Doughty, C.J. (Eds.) (2009). The Handbook of Language Teaching. Wiley</p><p>Blackwell Publication.</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P. (2001). Tasks and language performance assessment. Di dalam M. Bygate,</p><p>P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language</p><p>learning, teaching, and testing (pp.167-185). Harlow, UK: Longman.</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P. (2003). Task-Based Instruction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Skehan, P. (2009). Models of speaking and the assessment of second language</p><p>proficiency. Di dalam A. Benati (Ed.), Issues in second language proficienc (pp.</p><p>203215). London: Continuum.</p><p></p><p>Skinner, B. F., (1938). The behavior of organisms: an experimental analysis. Oxford,</p><p>England: Appleton-Century.</p><p></p><p>Skutnabb-Kangas. (1989). Wanted! Linguistic human rights. Roskilde: Roskilde</p><p>University Centre</p><p></p><p>Soenjono Dardjowidjojo, (2007). Psikolinguistik: Memahami Asas Pemerolehan</p><p>Bahasa, Jakarta: Akademia.</p><p></p><p>Sreehari, P. (2012). Communicative Language Teaching: Possibilities and Problems.</p><p>English Language Teaching, 5(12), 87-93.</p><p></p><p>Sternberg, R. J., Jarvin, L., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2011). Explorations in Giftedness.</p><p>New York: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih, (2010). Metode penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja</p><p>Rosdakarya.</p><p></p><p>Swain M. (2000). The output hypothesis and beyond: Mediating acquisition through</p><p>collaborative dialogue, Di dalam J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and</p><p>second language learning, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 97114.</p><p></p><p>Swain, M. (1985). Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input</p><p>and comprehensible output in its development. Di dalam S. Gass & C. Madden</p><p>(Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 235256). New York, NY:</p><p>Newbury House.</p><p></p><p>Swain, M. (1995). Three Functions of Output in Second Language Learning.</p><p>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</p><p></p><p>Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: theory and research. Di dalam Eli Heinkel,</p><p>(Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning , 471-</p><p>483. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbau Associates.</p><p></p><p>Swan M., (2005). Legislation by Hypothesis: The Case of Task-Based Instruction,</p><p>Applied Linguistics, 26(3), 376401.</p><p></p><p>Taber, K. (2011). Constructivism as Educational Theory: Contingency in Learning</p><p>Optimally Guided Instruction. Educational Theory. New York: Nova Science</p><p>Publisher.</p><p></p><p>Tan, K. H. K., (2007). Qualitatively different ways of experiencing student selfassessment.</p><p>Higher Education Research & Development, 27, 15-29.</p><p></p><p>Tee Zhou, (2019, Nov 3). Keeping the mother tongue alive: Singapores bilingual</p><p>challenge. The Straits Times Singapore. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/keeping-the-mother-tongues-alivesingapores-</p><p>bilingual-challenge.</p><p></p><p>Thamarana, S., (2015). A Critical Overview of Communicative Language Teaching</p><p>International journal of English language, literature, humanities, III (IV). 90-</p><p>100.</p><p></p><p>Thanh, L., & Huan, N., (2012). Task-based language learning and student motivation</p><p>in vocabulary acquisition. Language Education in Asia, 3(1), 106- 120.</p><p></p><p>Thorndike, E. (1913). Educational psychology, 2. The psychology of learning. New</p><p>York: Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>Torky, S. (2006). The effectiveness of a task - based instruction program in developing</p><p>the English language speaking skills of secondary stage students. Egypt: Ain</p><p>Shams University.</p><p></p><p>Toth, P.D. (2008). Teacher and learner-led discourse in task-based grammar</p><p>instruction: providing procedural assistance for L2 morphosyntactic</p><p>development, Language Learning, 58(1), 237-283.</p><p></p><p>Trang, B. (2019). The implementation of task-based language teaching in EFL</p><p>primary school classrooms: A case study in Vietnam, dicapai daripada</p><p>http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/8181</p><p></p><p>Tuan, N. H., & Mai, T. N. (2015). Factors affecting students speaking performance at</p><p>LE Thanh Hien High School. Asian Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 8-</p><p>23.</p><p></p><p>Tuckman & Monetti, (2011). Educational Psychology. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth</p><p>Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Ullman, M. T. (2015). The declarative/procedural model: A neurobiologically</p><p>motivated theory of first and second language. In B. VanPatten, B. & J.</p><p>Williams (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction (2nd</p><p>ed.; pp. 953968). New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Ur, P. (2000). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge:</p><p>Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Van den Branden, K. (2016). The role of the teacher in task-based language teaching.</p><p>Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 36, 164-181.</p><p></p><p>Van den Branden, K., (Ed.). (2006). Task-based language education: From theory to</p><p>practice. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Van Lier, L., (1991). Inside the classroom: learning processes and teaching procedures.</p><p>Applied Language Learning, 2, 4864.</p><p></p><p>Van Lier, L., (1996). Interaction in the language curriculum: Awareness, autonomy</p><p>and authenticity. New York: Longman.</p><p></p><p>VanPatten, B., (2007). Input processing in adult second language acquisition. Di dalam</p><p>B. VanPatten & J. Williams (Eds.) Theories in Second Language Acquisition:</p><p>An Introduction (pp.115-135). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</p><p></p><p>Verity, D. P., (2005). Vygotskyan concepts for teacher education: Lifelong learning:</p><p>Prosiding dalam 4th Annual JALT Pan-Sig Conference, May 14-15 2005,</p><p>Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Keizai University.</p><p></p><p>Vygotsky L.S. (1978). Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological</p><p>process. Cambridge, MA: The Harvard University Press.</p><p></p><p>Wang, S. (2019) The Application of Task-Based Approach in English Grammar</p><p>Teaching in Junior High Schools. Journal of Language Teaching and Research,</p><p>10(3), 304-310.</p><p></p><p>Wasik, B. A. (2010). What teachers can do to promote pre-schoolers vocabulary</p><p>development: Strategies from an effective language and literacy profesional</p><p>development coaching model. Reading Teacher, 63, 621-633.</p><p></p><p>Wegerif, R., & Sams, C., (2004). Reasoning as a scientist: ways of helping children to</p><p>use language to learn science. British Educational Research Journal, 30(3),</p><p>367-385.</p><p></p><p>Westrup U and Planander A 2013 Role-play as a pedagogical method to prepare</p><p>students for practice: Ogre utbildning 3 pp 199210</p><p></p><p>Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. (2009). Research methods in education: An introduction. MA:</p><p>Pearson.</p><p></p><p>William R. Shadish, Thomas D. Cook, and Donald T Campbell (2002). Experimental</p><p>and Quasi experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. New York:</p><p>Houghton Mifflin.</p><p></p><p>Willis, D. & J. Willis, (2007). Doing Task-based Teaching, Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Willis, D., & Willis, J., (2001). Task-based language learning. Di dalam R. Carter, &</p><p>D. Nunan, The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other</p><p>languages (pp. 173-179). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Willis, D. (1996). A Framework for Task -based Learning, London: Longman.</p><p></p><p>Willis, J. (2012). A framework for task -based learning. London: Intrinsic Books Ebooks.</p><p></p><p>Willis, J.R. (2004). Perspectives on task-based instruction: Understanding our</p><p>practices, acknowledging different practitioners. Di dalam R. Willis and B.L.</p><p>Leaver (Eds.) Task-based Instruction in Foreign language Education.</p><p>Washington DC: University Press.</p><p></p><p>Wood, D. (2001). In search of fluency: What is it and how can we teach it? The</p><p>Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(4), 573-589.</p><p></p><p>Xiongyong, C., & Moses, S. (2011). Perceptions and implementation of task-based</p><p>language teaching among secondary school EFL teachers in China.</p><p>International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(24), 292- 302.</p><p></p><p>Yang, H., Yang, P., & Zhan, S. (2017). Immigration, population, and foreign workforce</p><p>in Singapore: An overview of trends, policies and issues. HSSE Online, 6(1),</p><p>10-25.</p><p></p><p>Yi Ji & Thanh Pham (2020) Implementing task-based language teaching (TBLT) to</p><p>teach grammar in English classes in China: using design-based research to</p><p>explore challenges and strategies, Innovation in Language Learning and</p><p>Teaching, 14(2), 164-177</p><p></p><p>Zhao, S. H. & Shang. G. W. (2013). Linguistic landscape in Singapore schools: An</p><p>empirical revelation. Paper presented at the SISU (Shanghai International</p><p>Studies University) International Symposium of 2013 Language Policy and</p><p>Education. Shanghai, China.</p><p></p><p>Zulkifley Hamid, (2008). Psikolinguistik dan Aplikasinya dalam Pendidikan Bahasa.</p><p>Shah Alam: PTS Publication.</p><p></p><p>Zuzuki, W. (2018). Negotiation of Meaning versus Negotiation of Form. The TESOl</p><p>Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching.</p><p></p>