Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel

Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel

<p>Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan modul Bio-GamyX dan menentukan kesannya</p><p>terhadap motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian topik Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel.</p><p>Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan modu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2021
Subjects:
QH Natural history
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7238
Tags: Add Tag
reference 1
thesis 1
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7238
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic QH Natural history
spellingShingle QH Natural history
Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri
Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
description <p>Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan modul Bio-GamyX dan menentukan kesannya</p><p>terhadap motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian topik Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel.</p><p>Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan modul dan fasa menilai</p><p>kesan modul. Reka bentuk kajian pembangunan digunakan dalam fasa pertama</p><p>manakala reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen digunakan dalam fasa kedua.</p><p>Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX adalah berpandukan integrasi Model</p><p>Pembangunan Modul Sidek dan Lima Langkah Mengaplikasi Elemen Gamifikasi</p><p>Dalam Pembelajaran. Kesahan modul dinilai oleh sembilan pakar menggunakan dua</p><p>instrumen iaitu soal selidik kesahan modul dan soal selidik kesahan aktiviti modul</p><p>dengan indeks kesahan masing-masing 0.84 dan 0.88. Nilai kebolehpercayaan</p><p>modul (Alpha Cronbach = 0.71) diperoleh melalui kajian rintis. Pada fasa kedua,</p><p>responden kajian terdiri daripada 99 orang murid Biologi Tingkatan Empat daripada</p><p>tiga buah sekolah menengah harian di daerah Kinta Selatan yang dipilih</p><p>menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak berkelompok. Responden dibahagikan</p><p>kepada 53 orang murid dalam kumpulan rawatan dan 46 orang murid dalam kumpulan</p><p>kawalan. Tiga instrumen digunakan iaitu Skala Motivasi Akademik Untuk</p><p>Pembelajaran Biologi, Inventori Pelibatan Murid dan Ujian Pencapaian Komposisi</p><p>Kimia Dalam Sel. Data dianalisis secara statistik inferensi. Dapatan analisis</p><p>MANCOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min ujian pos</p><p>antara kumpulan bagi motivasi [F (1, 96) = 18.87, p < .05], pelibatan [F (1, 96) =</p><p>10.82, p < .05] dan pencapaian [F (1, 96) = 6.28, p < .05] dengan ujian pra</p><p>pencapaian sebagai kovariat. Dapatan analisis MANOVA pengukuran berulang juga</p><p>menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min ujian pra dan</p><p>ujian pos bagi konstruk-konstruk motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian antara keduadua</p><p>kumpulan [F (3,95) =451.44, p < .05]. Kesimpulannya, modul Bio-GamyX</p><p>dapat meningkatkan tahap motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian murid secara</p><p>signifikan. Implikasinya, modul Bio-GamyX berkonsepkan gamifikasi boleh</p><p>dijadikan kaedah pembelajaran alternatif kepada guru untuk meningkatkan motivasi,</p><p>pelibatan dan pencapaian murid bagi topik Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri
author_facet Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri
author_sort Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri
title Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
title_short Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
title_full Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
title_fullStr Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
title_full_unstemmed Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel
title_sort pembangunan modul bio-gamyx dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi kimia dalam sel
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7238
_version_ 1747833368390664192
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:72382022-07-12 Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX dan kesannya terhadap motivasi, penglibatan dan pencapaian topik komposisi Kimia dalam sel 2021 Nur Izwani Mohd Shapri QH Natural history <p>Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan modul Bio-GamyX dan menentukan kesannya</p><p>terhadap motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian topik Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel.</p><p>Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua fasa iaitu fasa pembangunan modul dan fasa menilai</p><p>kesan modul. Reka bentuk kajian pembangunan digunakan dalam fasa pertama</p><p>manakala reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen digunakan dalam fasa kedua.</p><p>Pembangunan modul Bio-GamyX adalah berpandukan integrasi Model</p><p>Pembangunan Modul Sidek dan Lima Langkah Mengaplikasi Elemen Gamifikasi</p><p>Dalam Pembelajaran. Kesahan modul dinilai oleh sembilan pakar menggunakan dua</p><p>instrumen iaitu soal selidik kesahan modul dan soal selidik kesahan aktiviti modul</p><p>dengan indeks kesahan masing-masing 0.84 dan 0.88. Nilai kebolehpercayaan</p><p>modul (Alpha Cronbach = 0.71) diperoleh melalui kajian rintis. Pada fasa kedua,</p><p>responden kajian terdiri daripada 99 orang murid Biologi Tingkatan Empat daripada</p><p>tiga buah sekolah menengah harian di daerah Kinta Selatan yang dipilih</p><p>menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak berkelompok. Responden dibahagikan</p><p>kepada 53 orang murid dalam kumpulan rawatan dan 46 orang murid dalam kumpulan</p><p>kawalan. Tiga instrumen digunakan iaitu Skala Motivasi Akademik Untuk</p><p>Pembelajaran Biologi, Inventori Pelibatan Murid dan Ujian Pencapaian Komposisi</p><p>Kimia Dalam Sel. Data dianalisis secara statistik inferensi. Dapatan analisis</p><p>MANCOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min ujian pos</p><p>antara kumpulan bagi motivasi [F (1, 96) = 18.87, p < .05], pelibatan [F (1, 96) =</p><p>10.82, p < .05] dan pencapaian [F (1, 96) = 6.28, p < .05] dengan ujian pra</p><p>pencapaian sebagai kovariat. Dapatan analisis MANOVA pengukuran berulang juga</p><p>menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min ujian pra dan</p><p>ujian pos bagi konstruk-konstruk motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian antara keduadua</p><p>kumpulan [F (3,95) =451.44, p < .05]. Kesimpulannya, modul Bio-GamyX</p><p>dapat meningkatkan tahap motivasi, pelibatan dan pencapaian murid secara</p><p>signifikan. Implikasinya, modul Bio-GamyX berkonsepkan gamifikasi boleh</p><p>dijadikan kaedah pembelajaran alternatif kepada guru untuk meningkatkan motivasi,</p><p>pelibatan dan pencapaian murid bagi topik Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7238 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7238 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abu Bakar Nordin (1995). Penilaian afektif. Masa Enterprise.</p><p></p><p>Agboghoroma, T E., & Oyovwi, E.O (2015).Evaluating Effect of Students Academic</p><p>Achievement on Identified Difficult Concepts in Senior Secondary School Biology</p><p>in Delta State. Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (30), 117-125.</p><p></p><p>Alijah Ujang (2016). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran webquest pendidikan kesihatan</p><p>untuk guru pelatih murid bermasalah pembelajaran .Tesis PhD Tidak Diterbitkan:</p><p>Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Allen, P., & Bennett, K. (2008). SPSS for the health & behavioural sciences. Thomson.</p><p></p><p>Alucdibi, F., & Ekici, G. (2012). The effect of biology teachers classroom management</p><p>profiles on the biology course motivation level of the high school</p><p>students. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 43, 25-36.</p><p></p><p>Amani Dahaman (2014). Pembangunan modul m-pembelajaran bahasa Arab di institut</p><p>pendidikan guru (Disertasi Kedoktoran Tidak Diterbitkan, Universiti Malaya).</p><p></p><p>Anderson, L. W., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and</p><p>assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.</p><p></p><p>Ar, N. A. (2016). The effects of gamification on academic achievement and learning</p><p>strategies usage of vocational high school students .Tesis Sarjana tidak diterbitkan,</p><p>Turki: Sakarya University.</p><p></p><p>Arends, R. I. (1998). Resource handbook. Learning to teach (4th ed.). Boston, MA:</p><p>McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Armier, D. Des, Shepherd, C. E., & Skrabut, S. (2016). Using Game Elements to Increase</p><p>Student Engagement in Course Assignments. College Teaching, 64(2), 6472.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1094439</p><p></p><p>Attali, Y., Arieli-Attali, M. (2015): Gamification in assessment: Do points affect test</p><p>performance? Computer Education. 83, 5763.</p><p></p><p>Awang, S., & Jais, S. M. (2020). Reliability of the Tazkiyatun NAFS Module.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2),</p><p>6982.</p><p></p><p>Aydin, S., Yerdelen, S., Yalmanci, S. G., & Gksu, V. (2014). Academic Motivation</p><p>Scale for Learning Biology: A Scale Development Study. Education &</p><p>Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 39(176).</p><p></p><p>Aziri, S. S. M., & Ahmad, C. N. C. (2014). Penggunaan modul pembelajaran dan</p><p>pengajaran berasaskan analogi terhadap pencapaian pelajar bagi topik enzim</p><p>dalam biologi tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 4(2),</p><p>91-103.</p><p></p><p>Aziri, S. S. M., & Ahmad, C. N. C. (2014). Penggunaan modul pembelajaran dan</p><p>pengajaran berasaskan analogi terhadap pencapaian pelajar bagi topik enzim dalam</p><p>biologi tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 4(2), 91-103.</p><p></p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (2011). Spesifikasi Kurikulum Biologi Tingkatan</p><p>Empat. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Putrajaya.</p><p></p><p>Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan (2019). Jumlah Pelajar</p><p>Mengambil Sains,Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan Matematik (STEM) Semakin</p><p>Merosot. Info MediaBil. (02) 2019, Edisi Mac-April. p.1</p><p></p><p>Baker, T.L. (1994), Doing Social research (2nd Edn.), New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs,</p><p>NJ: Prentice-hall.</p><p></p><p>Barata, G., Gama, S., Jorge, J., & Gonalves, D. (2013). Improving participation and</p><p>learning with gamification. Dalam Proceedings of the First International</p><p>Conference on gameful design, research, and applications, 10-17.</p><p>doi:10.1145/2583008.2583010</p><p></p><p>Barathimalar, A. (2014). The acceptance and problems faced by teachers in conducting</p><p>higher order thinking skills (Disertasi Kedoktoran, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia).</p><p></p><p>Barell, J. (1991). Teaching for Thoughtfulness: Classroom Strategies To Enhance</p><p>Intellectual Growth. Longman Publishing Group, 95 Church St., White Plains, NY</p><p>10601.</p><p></p><p>Barkley, E. F. (2010). Student engagement techniques: A handbook for college faculty.</p><p>San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.</p><p></p><p>Berman, R.A. (2014). Engaging students require a renewed focus on teaching. Chronicle</p><p>of Higher Education., 61(3), 28-30.</p><p></p><p>Beswick, D. G. (2007). Management implications of the interaction between intrinsic</p><p>motivation and extrinsic rewards. Notes from seminar presentation February 16,</p><p>2007, University of Melbourne.</p><p></p><p>Bilen, K., zel, M., & Kse, S. (2016). Using action research based on the predictobserve-</p><p>explain strategy for teaching enzymes. Turkish Journal of Education,</p><p>5(2), 72-81.</p><p></p><p>Bilen, K., zel, M., & Kse, S. (2016). Using action research based on the predictobserve-</p><p>explain strategy for teaching enzymes. Turkish Journal of Education, 5(2),</p><p>72-81.</p><p></p><p>Biro, G. I. (2013). Ready, Study, Share: An Inquiry Into the Didactic Approach of</p><p>Gamification With a Special View to the Possible Application in Higher Education,</p><p>1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, Conference Proceedings,</p><p>Vol.2, EGALITE, European Scientific Institute Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Bogost, I. (2015). Why gamification is bullshit. The gameful world: Approaches, issues,</p><p>applications, 65.</p><p></p><p>Bonde, M. T., Makransky, G., Wandall, J., Larsen, M. V., Morsing, M., Jarmer, H., &</p><p>Sommer, M. O. (2014). Improving biotech education through gamified laboratory</p><p>simulations. Nature Biotechnology, 32(7), 694697</p><p></p><p>Borges, S. de S., Durelli, V., Reis, H., Isotani, S. (2014). A systematic mapping on</p><p>gamification applied to education. Dalam Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM</p><p>Symposium on Applied Computing - SAC 14. pp. 216222.</p><p></p><p>Boyinbode, O. (2018). Development of a gamification based English vocabulary mobile</p><p>learning system. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile</p><p>Computing, 7(8), 183-191.</p><p></p><p>Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of crosscultural</p><p>psychology, 1(3), 185-216.</p><p></p><p>Brookhart, S. M., & Nitko, A. J. (2008). Assessment and grading in classrooms. Pearson</p><p>College Division.</p><p></p><p>Brooks, J., & Brooks, M. (1993). In search of understanding: the case for constructivist</p><p>classrooms, ASCD. NDT Resource Center database.</p><p></p><p>Brophy, J. E. (2013). Motivating students to learn. Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Buckley, P., & Doyle, E. (2016). Gamification and student motivation. Interactive</p><p>Learning Environments, 24(6), 11621175.</p><p></p><p>Bunchball Inc. (2010). Gamification 101: An introduction to the use of game dynamics to</p><p>influence behavior. Di muat turun pada 15 Mac 2016,</p><p>http://www.bunchball.com/gamification/gamifi cation101.pdf</p><p></p><p>Byl, P.d. & Hooper, J. (2013). Key Attributes of Engagement in a Gamified Learning</p><p>Environment. Dalam Proceedings of Electric Dreams. Proceedings ascilite 2013</p><p>SydneyAustralasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.</p><p></p><p>Campbell, D. T. (1963). and JC Stanley. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs</p><p>for research, 8-12.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.</p><p></p><p>Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the</p><p>multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological bulletin, 56(2), 81.</p><p></p><p>Campos, A., Batista, E., Signoretti, A., Gardiman, R., & Madeira, C. (2015). Gamifying</p><p>activities in a higher education course. Dalam European Conference on Games</p><p>Based Learning (p. 117). Academic Conferences International Limited.</p><p></p><p>Carmines, E.G & Zeller, R.A (1979). Reliability and Validity Assessment. California:</p><p>SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Chaffee, J. (1988). Teaching critical thinking across the curriculum. Journal of College</p><p>Reading and Learning, 21(1), 151-159.</p><p></p><p>Chatila, H. & Husseiny, F (2017). Effect of cooperative learning strategy on students</p><p>acquisition and practice of scientific skills in Biology. Journal of Education in</p><p>Science, Environment and Health (JESEH), 3(1), 88-99.</p><p></p><p>Che Nidzam Che Ahmad, Saadiah Baharom, Yahaya, A., Sani, S. S., & Halimah Alimon.</p><p>(2018). The Development of Jom Teroka dan Selidik Sains Teaching</p><p>Module. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social</p><p>Sciences, 8(1), 705-715.</p><p></p><p>Chee, Y. S., & Tan, D. K. C. (2012). Becoming chemists through game-based inquiry</p><p>learning: The case of Legends of Alkhimia. Electronic Journal of e-Learning,</p><p>10(2), 185-198</p><p></p><p>Chorney, A. I. (2012). Taking the game out of gamification. Dalhousie Journal of</p><p>Interdisciplinary Management, 8(1).</p><p></p><p>Chou, C. P., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation</p><p>modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw. (2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan Buku 1 (Edisi Ketiga). Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Chyung, S. Y., Roberts, K., Swanson, I., & Hankinson, A. (2017). Evidence-based survey</p><p>design: The use of a midpoint on the Likert scale. Performance Improvement,</p><p>56(10), 15-23.</p><p></p><p>imer, A. (2012). What makes biology learning difficult and effective: Students views.</p><p>Educational Research and Reviews, 7(3), 6171.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR11.205</p><p></p><p>Cipkova, E., Karolcik, S., Dudova, N., & Nagyova, S. (2017). What is the students</p><p>interest in biology after the biology curriculum modification? The Curriculum</p><p>Journal, 29(3), 370-386.Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the</p><p>behavioral sciences. Abingdon.</p><p></p><p>Cole, P. G., & Chan, L. K. S. (1994). Teaching principles and practice. Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (2009). Developmentally appropriate practice in early</p><p>childhood programs. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of</p><p>Young Children.</p><p></p><p>Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and</p><p>applications. Journal of applied psychology, 78(1), 98.</p><p></p><p>Czar-Gutirrez, R., & Sez-Lpez, J. M. (2016). Game-based learning and gamification</p><p>in initial teacher training in the social sciences: an experiment with</p><p>MinecraftEdu. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher</p><p>Education, 13(1), 2.</p><p></p><p>Creager, J. G., & Murray, D. L. (1971). The use of modules in college biology teaching.</p><p>National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J.W (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating</p><p>Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Fourth). Boston: Pearson Education Inc.</p><p></p><p>Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical and modern test theory.</p><p>Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</p><p></p><p>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety: Experiencing Flow in work</p><p>and play. San Francisco: Jossey Press.</p><p></p><p>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York:</p><p>Harper Perennial.</p><p></p><p>Cugelman, B. (2013) Gamification: What it is and why it matters to digital health</p><p>behavior change developers. JMIR Serious Games, 1(1).</p><p></p><p>D. Russell, J. (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to the Design, Selection, Utilization</p><p>and Evaluation of Modular Materials. New York: Burgess Pub. Co.</p><p></p><p>Da Rocha Seixas, L., Gomes, A. S., & De Melo Filho, I. J. (2016). Effectiveness of</p><p>gamification in the engagement of students. Computers in Human Behavior,</p><p>58(January), 4863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.021</p><p></p><p>De Bono, E. (1976). The greatest thinkers.</p><p></p><p>De Santana, S. J., Souza, H. A., Florentin, V. A., Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I. I., & Isotani, S.</p><p>(2016). A quantitative analysis of the most relevant gamification elements in an</p><p>online learning environment. Dalam Proceedings of the 25th international</p><p>conference companion on world wide web (pp. 911-916).</p><p></p><p>De Sousa Borges, S., Durelli, V. H., Reis, H. M., &Isotani, S. (2014). A systematic</p><p>mapping on gamification applied to education. Dalam Proceedings of the 29th</p><p>Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (pp. 216-222). ACM.</p><p></p><p>Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human</p><p>behavior. New York: Plenum Press.</p><p></p><p>Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs</p><p>and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.</p><p></p><p>Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic</p><p>motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of educational</p><p>research, 71(1), 1-27.</p><p></p><p>Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and</p><p>education: The self-determination perspective. Educational psychologist, 26(3-4),</p><p>325-346.</p><p></p><p>De-Marcos, L., Domnguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., & Pags, C. (2014). An</p><p>empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on elearning.</p><p>Computers & education, 75, 82-91.</p><p></p><p>Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to</p><p>gamefulness: Defining gamification. Dalam Proceedings of the 15th International</p><p>Academic MindTrek Conference on Envisioning Future Media Environments -</p><p>MindTrek 11, 911.</p><p></p><p>DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th Edition). Sage</p><p>Publication.</p><p></p><p>Dewey, J. (1938) Experience and Education. New York: Collier Books.</p><p></p><p>Dichev, Christo & Dicheva, Darina. (2017). Gamifying education: what is known, what</p><p>is believed and what remains uncertain: a critical review. International Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology in Higher Education. 14. 10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5.</p><p></p><p>Dominguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., de-Marcos, L., Fernandez-Sanz, L., Pages, C.,</p><p>Martinez-Herraiz, J. (2013). Gamifying learning experiences: Practical implications</p><p>and outcomes. Computers & Education, 63, 380 - 392.</p><p></p><p>Driscoll, M. (2000). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon</p><p></p><p>Elena Cipkov, tefan Karolck, Natlia Dudov & Sona Nagyov (2018) What is the</p><p>students interest in biology after the biology curriculum modification?, The</p><p>Curriculum Journal, 29:3, 370-386.</p><p></p><p>Elliott, S.N., Kratochwill, T.R., Littlefield Cook, J. & Travers, J. (2000). Educational</p><p>psychology: Effective teaching, effective learning (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-</p><p>Hill College.</p><p></p><p>Erenli, K. (2011). Gamify your teaching: Using location-based games for educational</p><p>purposes. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 6(2), 22-27.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v6i2.2960</p><p></p><p>Erenli, K. (2013). The impact of gamification-recommending education scenarios.</p><p>International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 8(S1), 15-21.</p><p>Ernest, P. (1994). Varieties of constructivism: Their metaphors, epistemologies and</p><p>pedagogical implications. Hiroshima Journal of Mathematics Education, 2(1994),</p><p>2.</p><p></p><p>Faghihi, U., Brautigam, A., Jorgenson, K., Martin, D., Brown, A., Measures, E., &</p><p>Maldonado-Bouchard, S. (2014). How gamification applies for educational purpose</p><p>specially with college algebra. Procedia Computer Science, 41, 182187.</p><p></p><p>Farozi, M. (2016). Rancang Bangun Website Gamifikasi Sebagai Strategi Pembelajaran</p><p>dan Evaluasi Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa. Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia: Amik</p><p>Lembah Dempo.</p><p></p><p>Felicia, P. (2012). Motivation in Games: A Literature Review. International Journal of</p><p>Computer Science in Sport (International Association of Computer Science in</p><p>Sport), 11(1).</p><p></p><p>Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publication.</p><p>Foddy, W., & Foddy, W. H. (1994). Constructing questions for interviews and</p><p>questionnaires: Theory and practice in social research. Cambridge University</p><p>press.</p><p></p><p>Fox, R. (2001). Constructivism examined. Oxford review of education, 27(1), 23-35.</p><p></p><p>Fracz, W. (2015). An empirical study inspecting the benefits of gamification applied to</p><p>university classes. 7th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference</p><p>(CEEC) (pp. 135139). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2007). How to design and evaluate research in</p><p>education (7th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J.R & Wallen, E.N (1996). How to Design and Evaluate Research. United State</p><p>of America: Mc-Graw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential</p><p>of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74, 59109.</p><p></p><p>George, P. M. (1970). Social Factors and Educational Aspirations of Canadian High</p><p>School Students.</p><p></p><p>Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussein. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam</p><p>pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Gibbons, M. (1971). Individualized instruction: A descriptive analysis. New York:</p><p>Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>Gibbs, R., & Poskitt, J. (2010). Student engagement in the middle years of schooling</p><p>(Years 7-10): A literature review report to the Ministry of Education.</p><p></p><p>Gironacci, I. M., Mc-Call, R., & Tamisier, T. (2017). Collaborative Storytelling Using</p><p>Gamification and Augmented Reality. Dalam International Conference on</p><p>Cooperative Design, Visualization and Engineering (pp. 90-93). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Glasersfeild, E. V. (1974). Piaget and the radical constructivist</p><p>epistemology. Epistemology and education, 1-24.</p><p></p><p>Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbachs</p><p>alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice</p><p>Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.</p><p></p><p>Goldschmid, B., & Goldschmid, M. L. (1973). Modular instruction in higher education:</p><p>A review. Higher education, 2(1), 15-32.</p><p></p><p>Gonzales, E., (2006). A modular Approach to Writing in the Discipline. Cabanatuan City,</p><p>Philippines: Anahaw Enterprise.</p><p></p><p>Goodwin, B., & Miller, K. (2013). Research says evidence on Flipped Classrooms is still</p><p>coming in. Technology Rich Learning, 70 (6), 78-80.</p><p></p><p>Greeno, J. G., Collins, A. M., & Resnick, L. B. (1996). Cognition and learning.</p><p>Handbook of educational psychology, 77, 15-46.</p><p></p><p>Guilford, J. P., & Fruchter, B. (1956). Fundamental Statistic in Psychology and</p><p>Education, Mc-Graw. Hill Co.</p><p></p><p>Hahs-Vaughn, D. L. (2016). Applied multivariate statistical concepts. Taylor & Francis.</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998).</p><p>Multivariate data analysis.New Jersey.</p><p></p><p>Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work?--a literature review</p><p>of empirical studies on gamification. Dalam System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th</p><p>Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 3025-3034). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Harlen, W., & Deakin Crick, R. (2003). Testing and motivation for learning. Assessment</p><p>in Education: principles, policy & practice, 10(2), 169-207.</p><p></p><p>Harrison, A. G., & Treagust, D. F. (2000). Learning about atoms, molecules, and</p><p>chemical bonds: A case study of multiple-model use in grade 11 chemistry.</p><p>Science Education, 84(3), 352-381.</p><p></p><p>Harrold, D. J. (2015). Game on: A qualitative case study on the effects of gamified</p><p>curriculum design on student motivational learning habits. (PhD Dissertation)</p><p>Robert Morris University</p><p></p><p>Haskell, C.C. (2012). Design Variables of Attraction in Quest-Based Learning. Tesis</p><p>PhD tidak diterbitkan: Boise State University</p><p></p><p>Hendrickson, A. R., Massey, P. D., & Cronan, T. P. (1993). On the test-retest reliability</p><p>of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use scales. MIS quarterly, 227-230.</p><p></p><p>Hendrickson, A.R., P.D. Massey, and T.P. Cronan (1993) On the Test-retest Reliability</p><p>of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use Scales MIS Quarterly 17(2),</p><p>pp.227-230.</p><p></p><p>Honebein, P. C. (1996). Seven goals for the design of constructivist learning</p><p>environments. Constructivist learning environments: Case studies in instructional</p><p>design, 11-24.</p><p></p><p>Hong, G. Y., & Masood, M. (2014). Effects of Gamification on Lower Secondary School</p><p>Students Motivation and Engagement. World Academy of Science,Engineering and</p><p>Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral,Educational, Economic,</p><p>Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(12), 3733-3740.</p><p></p><p>Hsu, K. C. (2016). Social gamification in multimedia instruction: assessing the effects of</p><p>animation, reward strategies, and social interactions on learners motivation and</p><p>academic performance in online settings.Tesis PhD Tidak Diterbitkan, USA:</p><p>University of Kansas.</p><p></p><p>Huang, B., & Hew, K. F. (2015). Do points, badges and leaderboard increase learning</p><p>and activity: A quasi-experiment on the effects of gamification. Dalam Proceeding</p><p>of the 23rd International Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 275280).</p><p></p><p>Huang, B., Hew, K. F., & Lo, C. K. (2018). Investigating the effects of gamificationenhanced</p><p>flipped learning on undergraduate students behavioral and cognitive</p><p>engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 121.</p><p></p><p>Huang, W.H.Y, & Soman, D. (2013). A practitioner's guide to gamification of education.</p><p>Toronto, ON, Canada: Rotman school of management.</p><p></p><p>Hunicke, R., LeBlanc, M., & Zubek, R. (2004). MDA: A formal approach to game design</p><p>and game research. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game</p><p>AI (Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 1722).</p><p></p><p>Husen, T., & Postlethwaite, T. N. (1985). International encyclopedia of education.</p><p>Pergamon Press.</p><p></p><p>Hussain, S. S., Tan, W. H., & Idris, M. Z. (2014). Digital game-based learning for</p><p>remedial mathematics students: A new teaching and learning approach In</p><p>Malaysia. International Journal of Multimedia Ubiquitous Engineering, 9(11), 325-</p><p>338.</p><p></p><p>Ibrahim Yildirim & Sedat Sen (2019) The effects of gamification on students academic</p><p>achievement: a meta-analysis study, Interactive Learning Environments, 24:6,</p><p>1162-1175, DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2014.964263</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach.</p><p>Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin Ahmad & Sidek Mohd Noah (2001). Pendekatan Alternatif Menentukan</p><p>Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Modul Program Maju Diri Jabatan Pendidikan</p><p>Selangor. Jurnal PERKAMA, 9, 97-118.</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin Ahmad (2002) Kesahan, Kebolehpercayaan dan Keberkesanan Modul</p><p>Program Maju Diri Ke Atas Motivasi Pencapaian Dikalangan Pelajar Sekolah</p><p>Menengah Negeri Selangor. Tesis PhD Tidak Diterbitkan, Serdang: Universiti Putra</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin Ahmad. (2016). Modul Motivasi Diri (Edisi Ketiga). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan</p><p>Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Jang, J., Park, J. J., & Mun, Y. Y. (2015). Gamification of online learning.</p><p>Dalam International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. 646-</p><p>649). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Johnstone, A. H., & Mahmoud, N. A. (1980). Isolating topics of high perceived difficulty</p><p>school biology. Journal of biological Education, 14(2), 163-166.</p><p></p><p>Jose, J., & Vinay, M. (2017). Performance Analysis of Gamification Over the Traditional</p><p>Classroom in Education. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(13), 15.</p><p></p><p>Kapp, K. M. (2012). The gamification of learning and instruction: game-based methods</p><p>and strategies for training and education. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Kapur, M. (2016). Examining productive failure, productive success, unproductive</p><p>failure, and unproductive success in learning. Educational Psychologist, 51(2), 289-</p><p>299.</p><p></p><p>Kelly A. Rocca (2010) Student Participation in the College Classroom: An Extended</p><p>Multidisciplinary Literature Review, Communication Education, 59:2, 185-213,</p><p>DOI:10.1080/03634520903505936</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2018). Laporan Tahunan 2017 Pelan Pembangunan</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013).Panduan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik</p><p>Darjah. Putrajaya :Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017). Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan. Firdaus Press</p><p>Sdn. Bhd : Selangor.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2018). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p>2013-2025. Putrajaya :Bahagian Pendidikan Guru.</p><p></p><p>Killi, K. (2006). Evaluations of an experiential gaming model. An Interdisciplinary</p><p>Journal on Humans in ICT Environments, 2(2), 187-201</p><p></p><p>Kiryakova, G., Angelova, N., & Yordanova, L. (2014). Gamification in education. Dalam</p><p>Proceedings of 9th International Balkan Education and Science Conference.</p><p></p><p>Kisoglu, M. (2018). An Examination of Science High School Students' Motivation</p><p>towards Learning Biology and Their Attitude towards Biology Lessons.</p><p>International Journal of Higher Education, 7(1), 151-164.</p><p></p><p>Klop, T., Severiens, S. E., Knippels, M. C. P., van Mil, M. H., & Ten Dam, G. T. (2010).</p><p>Effects of a science education module on attitudes towards modern biotechnology</p><p>of secondary school students. International Journal of Science Education, 32(9),</p><p>1127-1150.</p><p></p><p>Landers, R. N., Auer, E. M., Collmus, A. B., & Armstrong, M. B. (2018). Gamification</p><p>science, its history and future: Definitions and a research agenda. Simulation &</p><p>Gaming, 49(3), 315-337.</p><p></p><p>Landers, R. N., Bauer, K. N., Callan, R. C., & Armstrong, M. B. (2015). Psychological</p><p>theory and the gamification of learning. In Gamification in education and</p><p>business (pp. 165-186). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Lee, J. J., & Hammer, J. (2011). Gamification in education: What, how, why</p><p>bother?Academic exchange quarterly. 15(2),146.</p><p></p><p>Legaki, N. Z., Xi, N., Hamari, J., & Assimakopoulos, V. (2019, January). Gamification</p><p>of the future: an experiment on gamifying education of forecasting. Dalam</p><p>Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.</p><p></p><p>Legault, L., Green-Demers, I., & Pelletier, L. (2006). Why do high school students lack</p><p>motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic amotivation</p><p>and the role of social support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(3), 567582.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.98.3.567</p><p></p><p>Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (2013). Elemen kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT)</p><p>dalam instrumen pentaksiran. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Lenth, R. V. (2001). Some practical guidelines for effective sample size determination.</p><p>The American Statistician, 55(3), 187-193.</p><p></p><p>Lepper, M. R., & Malone, Th. W. (1987). Intrinsic motivation and instructional</p><p>effectiveness in computer-based education. In R. E. Snow & M. J. Farr (Eds.),</p><p>Aptitude, learning, and instruction: Vol. 3. Conative and affective process analyses</p><p>(pp. 255-286). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.</p><p></p><p>Lippmann, S. (2013). Facilitating Class Sessions for Ego-Piercing Engagement. New</p><p>Directions for Teaching and Learning.</p><p></p><p>Lister, M. (2015). Gamification: The effect on student motivation and performance at the</p><p>post-secondary level. Issues and Trends in Educational Technology, 3(2).</p><p></p><p>Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing</p><p>research</p><p></p><p>Ma, T.B.N. (2017) Modular instruction enhances learner autonomy. American Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, vol. 5, no. 10 (2017)</p><p></p><p>MacKinnon, R. J., Stoeter, R., Doherty, C., Fullwood, C., Cheng, A., Nadkarni, V.Chang,</p><p>T. P. (2015). Self-motivated learning with gamification improves infant CPR</p><p>performance, a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Simulation and Technology</p><p>Enhanced Learning, 1(3), 7176.</p><p></p><p>Madihie, A., & Noah, S. M. (2013). An application of the Sidek module development in</p><p>Rebt counseling intervention module design for orphans. Procedia-Social and</p><p>Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1481-1491.</p><p></p><p>Maehr, M. L., & Meyer, H. A. (1997). Understanding motivation and schooling: Where</p><p>we've been, where we are, and where we need to go. Educational psychology</p><p>review, 9(4), 371-409.</p><p></p><p>Mahmud, M. I., Noah, S. M., Ahmad, J., & Ahmad, W. M. W. (2017). Modul Kesediaan</p><p>Kerjaya Berdasarkan Teori Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). JuKu: Jurnal</p><p>Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 4(3), 59-76.</p><p></p><p>Majuri, J., Koivisto, J., & Hamari, J. (2018). Gamification of education and learning: A</p><p>review of empirical literature. Dalam Proceedings of the 2nd international</p><p>GamiFIN conference, GamiFIN 2018. CEUR-WS.</p><p></p><p>Marn, B., Frez, J., Cruz-Lemus, J., & Genero, M. (2018). An empirical investigation on</p><p>the benefits of gamification in programming courses. ACM Transactions on</p><p>Computing Education (TOCE), 19(1), 1-22.</p><p></p><p>Matallaoui, A., Hanner, N., & Zarnekow, R. (2016). Gamification: Using game elements</p><p>in serious contexts. StieglitzS. LattemannC. Robra-BissantzS. ZarnekowR.</p><p>BrockmannT.(Eds.), 3-19.</p><p></p><p>Mayer, R. E. (1977). Thinking and problem solving: An introduction to human cognition</p><p>and learning. Scott, Foresman.</p><p></p><p>McDaniel, R., Lindgren, R., & Friskics, J. (2012). Using badges for shaping interactions</p><p>in online learning environments. Dalam Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE</p><p>International Professional Communication Conference, 55-76.</p><p></p><p>McGonigal, J. (2011). Reality is broken: Why games make us better and how they can</p><p>change the world. Penguin.</p><p></p><p>McGrath, N., & Bayerlein, L. (2013). Engaging online students through the gamification</p><p>of learning materials: The present and the future. Dalam ASCILITE-Australian</p><p>Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference (pp.</p><p>573-577). Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.</p><p></p><p>Measles, S., & Abu-Dawood, S. (2015, March). Gamification: Gamebased methods and</p><p>strategies to increase engagement and motivation within an elearning environment.</p><p>Dalam Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International</p><p>Conference (pp. 809-814). Association for the Advancement of Computing in</p><p>Education (AACE).</p><p></p><p>Mekler, E. D., Brhlmann, F., Tuch, A. N., & Opwis, K. (2017). Towards understanding</p><p>the effects of individual gamification elements on intrinsic motivation and</p><p>performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 525534.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.048</p><p></p><p>Mekler, E. D., Uhlmann, F. B., Opwis, K., & Tuch, A. N. (2013). Do Points, Levels and</p><p>Leaderboards Harm Intrinsic Motivation? An Empirical Analysis of Common</p><p>Gamification Elements. Gamification 2013 (pp. 6673). Ontario.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1145/2583008.2583017</p><p></p><p>Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. (2010). Effect of group guidance on self-concept,</p><p>resilience, and adolescent aggression. Tesis PhD tidak diterbitkan. Bangi,</p><p>Malaysia: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Afifi Bahurudin Setambah. (2017). Pembangunan dan Pengujian Modul Kaedah</p><p>Pengajaran Berasaskan Adventure terhadap Pencapaian Statistik Asas,</p><p>Kemahiran Berfikir Kritis dan Kemahiran Kepimpinan .Tesis PhD tidak</p><p>diterbitkan, Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Majid Konting (1993). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan, (Edisi kedua), Kuala</p><p>Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Majid Konting. (1990). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Dewan Bahasa dan</p><p>Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Sani, I., & Wan Roslini, M. R. (2019). Model Pembinaan Modul Sidek Di Dalam</p><p>Modul Intervensi Pengurusan Stress Pelajar. Dalam International Conference On</p><p>Social Sciences, Humanities And Technology, 26-27 January 2019,</p><p></p><p>Morrison, B. B and Betsy D. (2014). Khan Academy Gamifies Computer Science.</p><p>Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education.</p><p>39-44</p><p></p><p>Muhammad Nurul Azmi & Nurzatulshima, K.(2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir</p><p>Aras Tinggi (KBAT): Kesediaan Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Reka</p><p>Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Rendah. International Research Journal of</p><p>Education and Sciences (IRJES), 1(1), 1-5.</p><p></p><p>Mumtaz, S., (2000). Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communications</p><p>technology: a review of the literature, Journal of Information Technology for</p><p>Teacher Education, 9(3), pp. 319-342.</p><p></p><p>Naik, V., & Kamat, V. (2015). Adaptive and gamified learning environment (AGLE).</p><p>Dalam 2015 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Technology for Education</p><p>(T4E) (pp. 7-14). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. Handbook of</p><p>positive psychology, 195-206.</p><p></p><p>Nicholson, S. (2015). A recipe for meaningful gamification. Gamification in education</p><p>and business (pp. 1-20). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Nilsson, E. (2017). The relationships between students achievements, self-efficacy and</p><p>motivation in biology education.Tesis PhD tidak diterbitkan: Linnaeus University.</p><p></p><p>Nisa Khairudin, Che zalina Zulkifli, Norazah abdul aziz, & Norhisham mohamad Nordin</p><p>(2017). Reka Bentuk Gamifikasi Pembelajaran Geografi Berasaskan Permainan</p><p>Geoplay. Geografi, 5(1), 46-61.</p><p></p><p>Nitko, A. J. (1996). Educational assessment of students. Prentice-Hall</p><p></p><p>Noor Miza, A. R. (2015). Pembinaan Modul Berasaskan Pendekatan Projek Untuk</p><p>meningkatkan Kemahiran Berkomunikasi Murid Tadika .Tesis PhD tidak</p><p>diterbitkan: Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Norusis M.J & SPSS Ins. (1993). SPSS for Windows: Base System Users Guide.</p><p>Chicago: SPSS Ins.</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J. C. (1981). Psychometric theory (3rd Edition) New York: Mc-Graw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). New York:Mc</p><p>Graw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J.C. (1967). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Nunnaly, J. C.(1978), Psychometric Theory. Book Company New York.</p><p></p><p>Oliver, K. M. (2000). Methods for developing constructivism learning on the</p><p>web. Educational Technology, 40 (6)</p><p></p><p>Ong, D., Yeng, C. Y., Hong, C. W., & Young, K. T. (2013). Motivation of Learning: an</p><p>Assessment of the Practicality and Effectiveness of Gamification Within a Tertiary</p><p>Education System in Malaysia.Dalam World Academy of Researchers, Educators,</p><p>and Scholars in Business, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education (In</p><p>Association with the Academy of World Finance, Banking, Management and IT)</p><p>Conference Proceedings, 1(1), 131146.</p><p></p><p>Osman, K., & Lay, A. N. (2020). MyKimDG module: an interactive platform towards</p><p>development of twenty-first century skills and improvement of students knowledge</p><p>in chemistry. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-14.</p><p></p><p>Othman, M. K. H., Puteh, A., Yusoff, M. Z. M., & Rahim, F. A. (2019). Keperluan</p><p>Penggunaan Modul Etika Kerja Guru dalam Meningkatkan Penghayatan Nilai</p><p>Pelajar. Islamiyyat, 41(1), 49-57.</p><p></p><p>zcan N (2003). A Group of Students and Teachers Perceptions with Respect to</p><p>Biology Education at High School Level. Tesis Sarjana tidak diterbitkan. Ankara:</p><p>Middle East Technical University.</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J. (2011). A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS program survival</p><p>manual 4th edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J., & Manual, S. S. (2013). A step by step guide to data analysis using</p><p>SPSS. Berkshire UK: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Draf Kurikulum Standard Sekolah.</p><p></p><p>Pelling, N. (2011). The (short) prehistory of gamification. Funding Startups (& other</p><p>impossibilities), 9.</p><p></p><p>Phang, F. A., Mohd Salleh Abu, Mohammad Bilal Ali, & Salmiza Salleh (2014). Faktor</p><p>Penyumbang Kepada Kemerosotan Penyertaan Pelajar dalam Aliran Sains: Satu</p><p>Analisis Sorotan Tesis. Sains Humanika, 2(4), 6371.</p><p></p><p>Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of</p><p>constructivism. Educational researcher, 24(7), 5-12.</p><p></p><p>Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.</p><p></p><p>Pink, D. H. (2010). Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. Edinburgh:</p><p>Canongate.</p><p></p><p>Posnick-Goodwin, S. (2010). Meet Generation Z. CTA Magazine, 14(5).</p><p></p><p>Potvin. P & Hasni. A.K (2014) Interest, motivation and attitude towards science and</p><p>technology at K-12 levels: a systematic review of 12 years of educational research,</p><p>Studies in Science Education, 50:1, 85-129</p><p></p><p>Prambayun, A., Suyanto, M. S. M., & Sunyoto, A. (2016). Model gamifikasi untuk</p><p>sistem manajemen pembelajaran. Semnasteknomedia Online, 4(1), 2-6.</p><p></p><p>Prasetyo, I.A. (2016). Penerapan Konsep Gamifikasi pada Perancangan Aplikasi</p><p>Pembelajaran Al-Quran. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia.</p><p></p><p>Prokop, P., Prokop, M., & Tunnicliffe, S. D. (2007). Is biology boring? Student attitudes</p><p>toward biology. Journal of biological education, 42(1), 36-39.</p><p></p><p>Punch, K.F. (1998). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative</p><p>approaches. London: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (2002).Huraian sukatan pelajaran Biologi Tingkatan</p><p>Empat. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Puspitasari, A. H., & Yuliani, Y. (2020). Analisis Miskonsepsi Materi Enzim Dengan</p><p>Menggunakan TT-MCTE Terhadap Siswa SMA. BioEdu, 9(1), 93-101.</p><p></p><p>Rachels, J. R., & Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. J. (2018). The effects of a mobile gamification</p><p>app on elementary students Spanish achievement and self-efficacy. Computer</p><p>Assisted Language Learning, 31(1-2), 72-89.</p><p></p><p>Rahman, M. H. A., Ismail, D., Noor, A. Z. B. M., & Salleh, N. S. B. M. (2018).</p><p>Gamification elements and their impacts on teaching and learningA review. The</p><p>International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA) Vol, 10.</p><p></p><p>Rahman, R. A., Ahmad, S., & Hashim, U. R. (2018). The effectiveness of gamification</p><p>technique for higher education students engagement in polytechnic Muadzam Shah</p><p>Pahang, Malaysia. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher</p><p>Education, 15(1), 41.</p><p></p><p>Rashidah Begum, G. (2016). Pembangunan modul bioteknologi bagi mata pelajaran</p><p>biologi sekolah menengah .Tesis PhD tidak diterbitkan: Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. (2015). The power of interest for motivation and</p><p>engagement. Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Robic, S. (2010). Mathematics, thermodynamics, and modeling to address ten common</p><p>misconceptions about protein structure, folding, and stability. CBELife Sciences</p><p>Education, 9(3), 189-195.</p><p></p><p>Rohaila Mohamed Rosly & Fariza Khalid (2017). Gamifikasi : Konsep dan Implikasi</p><p>dalam Pendidikan. Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21: Trend Integrasi Teknologi, 144154.</p><p></p><p>Rohwati, M. (2012). Penggunaan education game untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA</p><p>biologi konsep klasifikasi makhluk hidup. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 1(1).</p><p></p><p>Rose, J. A. (2015). Gamification of Physics Education: Enhancing Student LearningWith</p><p>Gamified Online Quizzes. The Western Conference in Science Education.</p><p></p><p>Rosly, M. R., & Khalid, F. (2017). Gamifikasi: Konsep dan implikasi dalam pendidikan.</p><p>Pembelajaran Abad ke-21: Trend Integrasi Teknologi, 144-154.</p><p></p><p>Rosnaini, S., Maimun, A., & Mok, S. S. (2011). Siri Kemahiran Generik: Kemahiran</p><p>Berfikir. Selangor: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Rouse, K. E. (2013). Gamification in Science Education: The Relationship of</p><p>Educational Games to Motivation and Achievement. University of Sothern</p><p>Mississippi.</p><p></p><p>Ruggiero, V. R. (1984). The Moral Imperative: An Introduction to Ethical Judgment.</p><p></p><p>Russell, J.D. (1974). Modular Instruction: A guide to the design. Selection, utilization and</p><p>evaluation of modular material. United State: Barger Publication Company.</p><p></p><p>Rustaman, N.Y.(2011). Pendidikan dan Penelitian Sains Dalam Mengembangkan</p><p>Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Untuk Pembangunan Karakter. Makalah</p><p>Seminar Nasional VIII P.Biologi, FKIP UNS, Surakarta.</p><p></p><p>Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of</p><p>Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist,</p><p>55(1), 6878. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68</p><p></p><p>Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. (2006). The motivational pull of video</p><p>games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and emotion, 30(4), 344-</p><p>360.</p><p></p><p>Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. Springer</p><p></p><p>Sanmugam, M., Abdullah, Z., Mohamed, H., Aris, B., Zaid, N. M., & Suhadi, S. M.</p><p>(2016). The affiliation between student achievement and elements of gamification</p><p>in learning science. 4th International Conference on Information and</p><p>Communication Technology, ICoICT , 4(c), 14.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT.2016.7571962</p><p></p><p>Schmalz, R. (1973). Categorization of questions that mathematics teachers ask. The</p><p>Mathematics Teacher, 66(7), 619-626.</p><p></p><p>Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction.</p><p>In Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer,</p><p>Dordrecht.</p><p></p><p>Shaharom Nordin Yap Kueh Chin. (1991). Ke Arah Mengindividukan Pengajaran</p><p>Menerusi Pengajaran Bermodul. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru, 7, 89107.</p><p></p><p>Shanteau, J., Weiss, D. J., Thomas, R. P., & Pounds, J. C. (2002). Performance-based</p><p>assessment of expertise: How to decide if someone is an expert or not. European</p><p>Journal of Operational Research, 136(2), 253-263.</p><p></p><p>Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff. (1981). Pengenalan pengajaran individu dengan tumpuan khas</p><p>kepada modul pengajaran dan modul pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidik Dan</p><p>Pendidikan, 3(1), 5462.</p><p></p><p>Shi, J., Wood, W., Martin, J., Guild, N. A., Vicens, Q., & Knight, J. K. (2010). A</p><p>diagnostic assessment for introductory molecular and cell biology.CBELife</p><p>Sciences Education, 9(4), 453461. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-04-0055</p><p></p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana</p><p>Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik (Ulang cetak). Serdang: Penerbit</p><p>Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah (1998). Testing in psychology and counselling. Serdang, Malaysia:</p><p>Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Silverman, R. (2011). Latest Game Theory: Mixing Work and Play - Companies Adopt</p><p>gaming Techniques to Motivate Employees. Wallstreet Journal.</p><p></p><p>Simes, J., Redondo, R. D., & Vilas, A. F. (2013). A social gamification framework for a</p><p>K-6 learning platform. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(2), 345-353.</p><p></p><p>Siti Norhaida Abdul Rahman(2017). Pendekatan gamifikasi dalam pengajaran dan</p><p>pembelajaran terhadap murid tingkatan dua bagi topik ungkapan algebra. Tesis</p><p>PhD tidak diterbitkan: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Skinner, B. F. (1951). How to teach animals. Scientific American, 185(6), 26-29.</p><p></p><p>Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009). A motivational perspective on</p><p>engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's</p><p>behavioral and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom.</p><p>Educational and psychological measurement, 69(3), 493-525.</p><p></p><p>Smith-Robbins, S. (2011, April 18). This Game Sucks: How to improve the</p><p>gamification of education. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/game-sucks-howimprove-gamificationeducation</p><p></p><p>Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and</p><p>guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339.</p><p></p><p>Stanculescu, L. C., Bozzon, A., Sips, R. J., & Houben, G. J. (2016). Work and play: An</p><p>experiment in enterprise gamification. Dalam Proceedings of the 19th ACM</p><p>Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp.</p><p>346-358).</p><p></p><p>Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi (2017) : Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi</p><p></p><p>Su, C. H., & Cheng, C. H. (2015). A mobile gamification learning system for improving</p><p>the learning motivation and achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted</p><p>Learning, 31(3), 268-286.</p><p></p><p>Sudarisman, S. (2015). Memahami hakikat dan karakteristik pembelajaran biologi dalam</p><p>upaya menjawab tantangan abad 21 serta optimalisasi implementasi kurikulum</p><p>2013. Florea: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 2(1).</p><p></p><p>Sulaiman, I. (2018). Pembinaan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan modul pengajaran</p><p>berasaskan peta pemikiran bagi topik nisbah, kadar dan kadaran. Tesis PhD tidak</p><p>diterbitkan, Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Sullivan, P., Mornane, A., Prain, V., Campbell, C., Deed, C., Drane, S., ... & Smith, C.</p><p>(2009). Junior secondary students' perceptions of influences on their engagement</p><p>with schooling. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 176-191.</p><p></p><p>Suzilawati Shamsudin (2016). Pembinaan dan penilaian modul pembelajaran biologi</p><p>berteraskan pembelajaran berasaskan masalah berperancahan . Tesis PhD tidak</p><p>diterbitkan, Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th edn</p><p>Boston. Ma: Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate</p><p>statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481-498). Boston, MA: Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Tam, M. (2000). Constructivism, Instructional Design, and Technology: Implications for</p><p>Transforming Distance Learning. Educational Technology and Society, 3 (2).</p><p></p><p>Tan, M., & Hew, K. F. (2016). Incorporating meaningful gamification in a blended</p><p>learning research methods class: Examining student learning, engagement, and</p><p>affective outcomes. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(5), 19</p><p>34.</p><p></p><p>Tee, T. K., Md Yunos, J., Othman, W., Mohamad, B., Yee, M. H., & Mohamad, M. M.</p><p>(2011). Pembangunan dan penilaian kualiti modul pembelajaran kendiri kemahiran</p><p>berfikir dan peta minda buzan. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan dalam Seminar</p><p>Pasca Ijazah dalam Pendidikan (2011).</p><p></p><p>Tekkaya, C., zkan, ., & Sungur, S. (2001). Biology concepts perceived as difficult by</p><p>Turkish high school students. Hacettepe niversitesi egitim fakltesi</p><p>dergisi, 21(21).</p><p></p><p>Temelli, A., & Kurt,M. (2010). The Analysis of biology students attitudes in science and</p><p>learning difficulties in terms of different variables. Journal of Theoretical</p><p>Educational Science, 3(2), 27-36.</p><p></p><p>Todd, A. (2017). Why gamification is malarkey. The Morning Watch: Educational and</p><p>Social Analysis, 44(1-2 Fall).</p><p></p><p>Tomas, L., Lasen, M., Field, E., & Skamp, K. (2015). Promoting Online Students'</p><p>Engagement and Learning in Science and Sustainability Preservice Teacher</p><p>Education. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(11), n11.</p><p></p><p>Tomei, L. (2005). Taxonomy for the technology Domain. Hershey, PA: Information</p><p>Science Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Torrefranca, E. (2017). Development and validation of instructional modules on rational</p><p>expressions and variations. The Normal Lights, 11(1), 43-73.</p><p></p><p>Treagust, D., Nieswandt, M., & Duit, R. (2000). Sources of students difficulties in</p><p>learning chemistry. Educacin qumica, 11(2), 228-235.</p><p></p><p>Trochim, W. M. (1986). Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis. Jossey-</p><p>Bass Inc Publication.</p><p></p><p>Tsay, C. H. H., Kofinas, A., & Luo, J. (2018). Enhancing student learning experience</p><p>with technology-mediated gamification: An empirical study. Computers &</p><p>Education, 121, 1-17.</p><p></p><p>Tuckman, B. W., & Harper, B. E. (2012). Conducting educational research. Rowman &</p><p>Littlefield Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Tuckman, B.W.& Waheed, M.A. (1981). Evaluating an Individualized Science</p><p>Programme for Community College Students. Journal of Research in Science</p><p>Teaching. 18, 489-495.</p><p></p><p>Turan, Z., Avinc, Z., Kara, K., & Goktas, Y. (2016). Gamification and education:</p><p>Achievements, cognitive loads, and views of students. International Journal of</p><p>Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(7), 6469.</p><p></p><p>Vallerand, R. J. (2012). From motivation to passion: In search of the motivational</p><p>processes involved in a meaningful life. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie</p><p>Canadienne, 53(1), 42.</p><p></p><p>Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Vallieres, E.</p><p>F. (1992). The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and</p><p>amotivation in education. Educational and psychological measurement, 52(4),</p><p>1003-1017.</p><p></p><p>Van Eck, R. N. (2011). Bringing 'discipline' to the study of games and learning.</p><p>Information Design Journal, 19(2), 181.</p><p></p><p>Van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing</p><p>Standard (through 2013), 16(40), 33.</p><p></p><p>Vandermaas-Peeler, M., Ferretti, L., & Loving, S. (2012). Playing The LadybugGame:</p><p>parent guidance of young children's numeracy activities. Early Child Development</p><p>and Care, 182(10), 1289 -1307.</p><p></p><p>Von Glasersfeld, E. (1994). A radical constructivist view of basic mathematical</p><p>concepts: Constructing mathematical knowledge. Epistemology and mathematics</p><p>education, 5-7.</p><p></p><p>Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of the higher psychological</p><p>processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p><p></p><p>Wagner, M. G. (2013). on the Gamification of Education.Dalam 7th International</p><p>Technology, Education and Development Conference (inted2013), 40, 20272034.</p><p></p><p>Waltz, C. F., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing research: Design, statistics, and computer</p><p>analysis. FA Davis company.</p><p></p><p>Wang, R. (2011). Demystifying Enterprise Gamification for Business. Di muat turun</p><p>daripada Constellation Research.</p><p></p><p>Wang, Z., Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. A. (2014). Measuring engagement in fourth to twelfth</p><p>grade classrooms: The classroom engagement inventory. School Psychology</p><p>Quarterly, 29(4), 517535.</p><p></p><p>Ward, A., Stoker, H. W., & Murray-Ward, M. (1996). Achievement and ability tests-</p><p>Definition of the domain. Educational measurement, 2, 2-5.</p><p></p><p>Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological</p><p>review, 20(2), 158.</p><p></p><p>Welbers, K., Konijn, E. A., Burgers, C., de Vaate, A. B., Eden, A., & Brugman, B. C.</p><p>(2019). Gamification as a tool for engaging student learning: A field experiment</p><p>with a gamified app. E-Learning and Digital Media, 16(2), 92-109.</p><p></p><p>Wentzel, K. R. (2014). Motivating students to learn. Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Werbach, K., & Hunter, D. (2012). For the win: How game thinking can revolutionize</p><p>your business. New York: Wharton Digital Press.</p><p></p><p>Werbach, K., and Hunter, D. (2015). The Gamification Toolkit: Dynamics, Mechanics,</p><p>and Components for the Win. Wharton Digital Press, New York, 2015.</p><p></p><p>Whitson, C., & Consoli, J. (2009). Flow theory and student engagement.</p><p></p><p>Whorrall, A. L. (2018). Academic Motivation and Achievement of Middle School</p><p>Hispanic Students: Exploring the Use of Mindset and Brainology in Education.</p><p>Tesis PhD tidak diterbitkan :Northcentral University).</p><p></p><p>Wong, Y. S., Maizatul Hayati Mohamad Yatim, & Tan, W. H. (2015). Learning Object-</p><p>Oriented Programming with Computer Games: A Game-Based Learning Approach.</p><p>Dalam European Conference on Games Based Learning (p. 729). Academic</p><p>Conferences International Limited.</p><p></p><p>Yeoh, M. P., & Ierardi, E. (2015). Motivation and Achievement of Malaysian Students in</p><p>Studying Matriculation Biology. International Journal of Advanced Research,</p><p>3(11), 966978.</p><p></p><p>Zahorian, S., Swart, W., Lakdawala, V., Leathrum, J., & Gonzalez, O. (2000). A modular</p><p>approach to using computer technology for education and training. International</p><p>Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 13(3), 286-297.</p><p></p><p>Zakiah Mohammad, Azlina Kosnin & Yeo, K. J. (2013). Keberkesanan Modul Belajar</p><p>Melalui Bermain terhadap kefahaman pengalaman pranombor kanak-kanak</p><p>prasekolah. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan dalam 2nd International Seminar on</p><p>Quality and Affordable Education (ISQAE 2013), 7-10 Oktober, 2013, Johor</p><p>Bahru.</p><p></p><p>Zeidan, A. (2010). The relationship between grade 11 Palestinian attitudes toward</p><p>biology and their perceptions of the biology learning environment. International</p><p>Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(5), 783 800.</p><p></p><p>Zelditch, M. Jr. (1962). Some Methodological Problem of Field Studies. Journal of</p><p>Sociology, 67(67), Nos. 1-6, July 1961-May 1962, Chicago, Illinois: University of</p><p>Chicago Press.</p><p></p><p>Zhou, L., Yu, J., & Shi, Y. (2017). Learning as adventure: An app designed with</p><p>gamification elements to facilitate language learning. Dalam International</p><p>Conference on HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations (pp. 266-275).</p><p>Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Zichermann, G., & Cunningham, C. (2011). Gamification by design: Implementing game</p><p>mechanics in web and mobile apps. O'Reilly Media, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business Research Methods (7th Edition) Ohio: South-Western.</p><p></p><p></p>

Similar Items