Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children

<p>The aim of this research is to improve on the published Islamic story books which</p><p>includes pedagogical elements from the Quran and characteristics of a childrens story</p><p>book for the implementation of prosocial behavi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7354
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7354
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi
Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
description <p>The aim of this research is to improve on the published Islamic story books which</p><p>includes pedagogical elements from the Quran and characteristics of a childrens story</p><p>book for the implementation of prosocial behaviour among preschool children. The</p><p>determined pedagogies are narrative, dialogue, repetition and questioning.</p><p>Typography, illustrations and simplified phrases are characteristics that are also</p><p>included. Also, this study lays out proper guidelines for implementing the improved</p><p>story books in a classroom setting. The guidelines are based on the shared reading</p><p>method which is the dialogic reading and also on feed backs from teachers after the</p><p>pilot test was conducted. This study is conducted based on the ADDIE model. To</p><p>know the effect of the improved Islamic story books on childrens prosocial behaviour,</p><p>the Modified Prosocial Behaviour Questionnaire comprising of 15 items was</p><p>completed by teachers during pre and post test. The sample comprising of 60 children</p><p>was randomly selected among children from three different preschools. Two different</p><p>classes from each preschool were involved as the controlled group and experimental</p><p>group. Based on the paired sample T-test, there was no significant difference in the</p><p>prosocial behaviour of the children in the pre test (M= 32.07, SD= 3.89) and post test</p><p>(M= 32.80, SD= 8.57) when using the original story books; t(29)= -0.427, p= 0.672.</p><p>On the contrary, there was a significant difference in the prosocial behaviour of the</p><p>children in the pre test (M= 23.83, SD= 7.33) and post test (M- 32.50, SD= 7.93)</p><p>when using the improved story books; t(29)= -16.478, p= 0.000. In conclusion, there</p><p>is an improvement in the prosocial behaviour among preschool children when</p><p>improved Islamic story books are used. This study, therefore, implies that the use of</p><p>appropriate story books for young children and adopting proper reading guidelines are</p><p>able to instil moral values more effectively among kindergarten children.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi
author_facet Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi
author_sort Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi
title Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
title_short Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
title_full Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
title_fullStr Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
title_full_unstemmed Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
title_sort pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on al-quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2020
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7354
_version_ 1747833384552366080
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:73542022-08-25 Pedagogical elements of childrens story books based on Al-Quran to cultivate prosocial behaviour among preschool children 2020 Ilyani Mohd Rosmadi LB Theory and practice of education <p>The aim of this research is to improve on the published Islamic story books which</p><p>includes pedagogical elements from the Quran and characteristics of a childrens story</p><p>book for the implementation of prosocial behaviour among preschool children. The</p><p>determined pedagogies are narrative, dialogue, repetition and questioning.</p><p>Typography, illustrations and simplified phrases are characteristics that are also</p><p>included. Also, this study lays out proper guidelines for implementing the improved</p><p>story books in a classroom setting. The guidelines are based on the shared reading</p><p>method which is the dialogic reading and also on feed backs from teachers after the</p><p>pilot test was conducted. This study is conducted based on the ADDIE model. To</p><p>know the effect of the improved Islamic story books on childrens prosocial behaviour,</p><p>the Modified Prosocial Behaviour Questionnaire comprising of 15 items was</p><p>completed by teachers during pre and post test. The sample comprising of 60 children</p><p>was randomly selected among children from three different preschools. Two different</p><p>classes from each preschool were involved as the controlled group and experimental</p><p>group. Based on the paired sample T-test, there was no significant difference in the</p><p>prosocial behaviour of the children in the pre test (M= 32.07, SD= 3.89) and post test</p><p>(M= 32.80, SD= 8.57) when using the original story books; t(29)= -0.427, p= 0.672.</p><p>On the contrary, there was a significant difference in the prosocial behaviour of the</p><p>children in the pre test (M= 23.83, SD= 7.33) and post test (M- 32.50, SD= 7.93)</p><p>when using the improved story books; t(29)= -16.478, p= 0.000. In conclusion, there</p><p>is an improvement in the prosocial behaviour among preschool children when</p><p>improved Islamic story books are used. This study, therefore, implies that the use of</p><p>appropriate story books for young children and adopting proper reading guidelines are</p><p>able to instil moral values more effectively among kindergarten children.</p> 2020 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7354 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7354 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia <p>Abdul Hakim Abdullah, & Kabara Auwal Halabi. (2017). The wisdom: A concept of character building</p><p>based on islamic view. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social</p><p>Sciences,7(5), 412-425.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Mun'im Al-Hasyimi. (2012). Indahnya Akhlak Rasulullah. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Inteam</p><p>Publishing Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Abrams, D. (2012, June 1). What makes a childrens book great? we have some answers.</p><p></p><p>Adlina Ismail, & Normah Yusof. (2018). Malaysian children storybooks as esl reading materials.</p><p>International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies,6(3), 68-75.</p><p></p><p>Ahmed Abba, S. (2014, December 12). Youth immorality: Who is to blame?</p><p>Retrieved July 7, 2018.</p><p></p><p>Aldoobie, N. (2015). Addie model. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 5(6).</p><p></p><p>Almenoar, L. (2014). Hots using quranic verses in english. International Journal of Managerial</p><p>Studies and Research, 2(6).</p><p></p><p>Almerico, G. M. (2014). Building character through literacy with childrens literature. Research in</p><p>Higher Education Journal,26, 1-13.</p><p></p><p>Asmau Imam Abdul Kabir. (2013). The quranic approach to the inculcation of moral values: Patterns</p><p>for teacher education. International Journal of Quranic,5(2).</p><p></p><p>Balakrishnan, V., & Thambu, N. (2017). Using moral and ethical stories to inculcate values among</p><p>preschoolers. International Journal for Studies on Children, Women, Elderly And Disabled,2, 8-14.</p><p></p><p>Bateman, A., & Church, A. (2008). Prosocial behaviour in preschool: Multilevel pespectives.</p><p>Educational and Child Psychology,25(2).</p><p></p><p>Bay, D., & K.Hartman, D. (2015). Teachers asking questions in preschool.</p><p>International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(7).</p><p></p><p>Beier, S. (2009). Typeface legibility: Towards defining familiarity.</p><p></p><p>Benediktsdottir, H. (2014). The impact of fairy tales. 1-27.</p><p></p><p>Berkowitz, D. (March 2011). Oral Storytelling Building Community Through Dialogue, Engagement, and</p><p>Problem Solving. Retrieved May 3, 2016.</p><p></p><p>Berry, T. (2008). Pre-test assessment. American Journal of Business Education,1(1), 19-22.</p><p></p><p>Brennan, S. (2010). Conversation and dialogue. Encyclopedia of the Mind.</p><p></p><p>Brookshire, J. B., Scharff, L. F., & Moses, L. E. (2002). The influence of illustrations on</p><p>childrens book preferences and comprehension. Reading Psychology,23(4), 323-339.</p><p></p><p>Brownlow, M. (2014). Exploring a storytelling curriculum in kindergaren.</p><p></p><p>Burkitt, E., Barrett, M., & Davis, A. (2003). Childrens colour choices for completing drawings of</p><p>affectively characterised topics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(3), 445-455.</p><p></p><p>Cambrige International. (2017). Active learning. Cambridge Assessment International </p><p>Education.</p><p></p><p>Camilleri, C. (2015). In a different voice. Research Gate.</p><p></p><p>Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late</p><p>adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,31(1), 31-44.</p><p></p><p>Center of Early Literacy Learning. (2013). Childrens experiences with nursery rhymes promote early</p><p>phonological and print-related skills development. Center for Early Literacy Learning,3(1).</p><p></p><p>Center of Early Literacy Learning. (2010). Read and print awareness. Center for Early Literacy</p><p>Learning.</p><p></p><p>Cer, E. (2016). Preparing books for children from birth to age six: The approach of appropriateness</p><p>for the child. Journal of Education and Practice,7(6), 78-99.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Cheng, L., Yang, S., Besser, E. D., & Hurtado, B. G. D. (2016). Vocabulary instruction and dialogic</p><p>reading: how to use electronic storybooks with preschool english language learners. SAGE Research</p><p>Methods Cases, 116.</p><p></p><p>Cherry, K. (2017, June 21). The basics of prosocial behavior. Retrieved January 3, 2018.</p><p></p><p>Chew, F. P., & Ishak, Z. (2010). Malaysia folk literature in early childhood</p><p>education. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology,2148-2156.</p><p></p><p>Child Australia. (2017). What is pedagogy? how does it influence our practice? Child</p><p>Australia.</p><p></p><p>Ching, C. S., Mahzan Arshad, & Adenan Ayob. (2018). Penilaian semula pengajaran dan pembelajaran</p><p>dalam pembacaan awal. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling,3(10), 1-8.</p><p></p><p>Court, D., & Rosental, E. (2007). Values embodied in childrens literature used in early </p><p>childhood education in israeli state schools. Early Childhood Education Journal, 34(6), 407-414.</p><p></p><p>Crippen, M. (2012). The value of children's literature. Oneota Reading Journal.</p><p></p><p>DeLamater, W. E. (2010). How larger font size impacts reading and the implications for educational</p><p>use of digital text readers. EReadia.</p><p></p><p>Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Children statistics publication, malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Dickenson, D. (2014). Children and reading : Literature review. Australia Council for the</p><p>Arts,1-43.</p><p></p><p>Durisic, M., & Bunijevac, M. (2017). Parental involvement as a important factor for successful</p><p>education. CEPS Journal,7(3), 137-153.</p><p></p><p>Ediger, M. (2011). Shared reading, the pupil, and the teacher.</p><p></p><p>Eirini, K. V. (2016). The child and the fairy ale: He psychological perspective of childrens</p><p>literature. International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics,2(4), 213-218.</p><p></p><p>Elsayed Ragab Farag Elhoshi, Rahimah Embong, Nashaat Bioumy, Nur Anis Abdullah, & Mohamad Arif</p><p>Awang Nawi. (2017). The role of teachers in infusing islamic values and ethics. International</p><p>Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,7(5), 426-436.</p><p></p><p>Fahd Mohammed Taleb Saeed Al-Olaqi. (2014). The prophet muhammad's leadership. Jurnal</p><p>Al-Tamaddun,9(1), 32-44.</p><p></p><p>Ferreira, T., Cadima, J., Matias, M., Vieira, J. M., Leal, T., & Matos, P. M. (2016). Preschool</p><p>childrens prosocial behavior: The role of mother child, fatherchild and teacherchild</p><p>relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies.</p><p></p><p>Gomez, M. A. (2010). How to use tales for the teaching of vocabulary and grammar in a primary</p><p>education english class. Revista Espanola De Linguistica Aplicada,31-52.</p><p></p><p>Hagstrom, P. (2003). What questions mean. Glot International,7(7), 188-201.</p><p>Retrieved April 16, 2019.</p><p></p><p>Hazel, P. (2007). Narrative: An introductin.</p><p></p><p>Hepach, R., & Warneken, F. (2018). Editorial overview: Early development of prosocial behavior:</p><p>Revealing the foundation of human prosociality. Elsevier.</p><p></p><p>Hunt, P. (2002). Understanding children's literature. International Companion Encyclopedia of</p><p>Children's Literature.</p><p></p><p>Husnia Rahim, & Maila Dinia Husni Rahiem. (2012). The use of stories as moral education for young</p><p>children. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(6), 454-458.</p><p></p><p>Idayu Badilla Idris. (2017). Emotional and behavioural problems among children: Issues and trends</p><p>in malaysia. International Journal of Public Health Research,7(2), 829-835.</p><p></p><p>Institute of Education Sciences. (2015). Shared book reading. U.S Department of Education,1-43.</p><p></p><p>Intisar G. Mustafeh. (2006). Stories in the qur'an: Aims, characteristics, types and educational</p><p>importance.</p><p></p><p>Janson, T. (2017). Islamic children's literature: Informal religious education in diaspora.</p><p>Handbook of Islamic Education,7.</p><p></p><p>Kang, L., Talwar, V., McCarthy, A., Ross, I., Evans, A., & Arruda, C. (2014). Can classic moral</p><p>stories promote honesty in children?. 1-21.</p><p></p><p>Khaled Al-Khalediy. (2011). Education and methods of teaching in islam in the era of az-zarnooji.</p><p></p><p>Khan, S. (Ed.). (2017). Kisah teladan daripada rasulullah. Darul Mughni.</p><p></p><p>Knafo, A., Israel, S., & Ebstein, R. (2011). Heritability of childrens prosocial behavior and </p><p>differential susceptibility to parenting by variation in the dopamine receptor D4 gene. Development</p><p>and Psychopathology, 23, 53-67.</p><p></p><p>Kohlberg, L. (1971). Stages of moral development.</p><p></p><p>Lee, K., Talwar, V., McCarthy, A., Ross, I., Evans, A., & Arruda, C. (2014). Can classic moral</p><p>stories promote honesty in children?. 1-21.</p><p></p><p>Lefa, B. (2014). The piaget theory of cognitive development : An educational implications. Research</p><p>Gate,1-8.</p><p></p><p>LitCharts. (2017). Repetition definition. Retrieved January 19, 2019.</p><p></p><p>M. A. Al-Bar, & H. Chamsi-Pasha. (2015). The sources of common principles of</p><p>morality and ethics in islam. Contemporary Bioethics.</p><p></p><p>Maillart, C., & Parisse, C. (2017). Clauses and phrases. HAL Archives-Ouvertes.</p><p></p><p>Maisarah Mohd Taib, Alizi Alias, & Muhammad Shafiq Mohd Taib. (2011). Social psychology: A critical</p><p>analysis from islamic and scientific perspectives and application in industrial/organizational</p><p></p><p>Mares, J. (2017). Prosocial behavior education in children. Acta Educationis Generalis,7(2), 7-16.</p><p></p><p>McLeod, S. (2015). Piaget's theory of moral development. Retrieved December 8, 2017.</p><p></p><p>Meibauer, B., & Meibauer, J. (2013). Towards a cognitive theory of picturebooks.</p><p>International Research in Childrens Literature, 143-160.</p><p></p><p>Mello, G. D., Arumugam, N., JIng, H. F., & Mohd Amin Mohd Noh.(2015).Learning values through moral</p><p>stories using a storyboard. Research Gate,40-48.</p><p></p><p>Mensa for Kids. (2019). The art of storytelling. Retrieved February 19, 2019.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2018). Modul pendidikan awal kanak-kanak.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2016). Pendidikan prasekolah. Kurikulum Standard</p><p>Prasekolah Kebangsaan.</p><p></p><p>Mohammad Zarasi ,& Abdollatif Ahmadi Ramchahi. (2014). Dialogue between allah and iblis in the</p><p>quran: Structure and characteristics. Centre of Quranic Research.</p><p></p><p>Molchanov, S. V. (2013). The moral development in childhood. Procedia Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences,86, 615-620.</p><p></p><p>Mona Mohammad Farid Al-Somadi. (2012). The effect of a story-based programme on developing moral </p><p>values at the kindergarten stage. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business,</p><p>4(7), 534-559.</p><p></p><p>Mordkoff, T. (2016). Descriptive statistics.</p><p></p><p>Muhamad Faisal Ashaari, Zainab Ismail, Anuar Puteh, Mohd Adib Samsudin, Munawar Ismail, Razaleigh</p><p>Kawangit, et al (2011). An assessment of teaching and learning methodology in Islamic</p><p>studies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.</p><p></p><p>Morgan, P. L., & Meier, C. R. (2008). Dialogic readings Potential to improve</p><p>childrens emergent literacy skills and behavior. Research Gate, 52(4), 1116.</p><p></p><p>Mukhlis Abu Bakar. (2017). Kanak-kanak belajar membaca menggunakan buku cerita dwibahasa.</p><p>International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation,5(2), 29-41.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Mullen, G. (2017). More than words: Using nursery rhymes and songs to support domains of child</p><p>development. Journal of Childhood Studies,42(2), 42-53.</p><p></p><p>Naashia Mohamed. (2007). Children's literature. English Teaching Professional.</p><p></p><p>Nelson, D. A., & Crick, N. R. (1999). Rose-colored glasses: Examining the social</p><p>information-processing of prosocial young adolescents. Journal of Early Adoloscence,19(1), 17-38.</p><p></p><p>Nevin Reda El-Tahry. (2010). Textual integrity and coherence in the quran: Repetition and</p><p>narrative structure in surat al-baqara.</p><p></p><p>Nicholas, L. J. (2007). An exploration of the impact of picture book illustrations on the</p><p>comprehension skills and vocabulary development of emergent readers.</p><p></p><p>Noam, A. K. (2016). Prosocial behaviour. Jurusalem, Israel: Encyclopedia on early childhood</p><p>development.</p><p></p><p>O'Grady, W. (2007). How children learn languagewhat every parent should know.</p><p></p><p>Partridge, H. A. (2004). Helping parents make the most of shared book reading. Early</p><p>Childhood Education Journal,32(1).</p><p></p><p>Patanella D. (2011) Piagets Theory of Moral Development. In: Goldstein S., Naglieri J.A. (eds)</p><p>Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development.</p><p> Springer, Boston, MA</p><p></p><p>Pellegrini, A. D., & Bohn, C. M. (2005). The role of recess in childrens cognitive performance and</p><p>school adjustment. Educational Researcher,34(1), 13-19.</p><p></p><p>Penner., L., Dovidio., J., Piliavin., J. and Schroeder., D. (2005). Prosocial behavior: multilevel</p><p> perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1),</p><p>pp.365-392.</p><p></p><p>Redwan Yasin, Sayuti Ab. Ghani, & Burhanuddin Jalal. (2014). Aplikasi kualiti kepimpinan</p><p>rasulullah s.a.w dalam pembentukan jati diri pendakwah masakini. International Journal of</p><p>Quranic,6(2), 69-82.</p><p></p><p>Reza Pourhossein, Mojtaba Habibi, Ahmad Ashoori, Nikzad Ghanbari, Yasaman Riahi, & Saeed Ghodrati.</p><p>(2015). Prevalence of behavioral disorders among preschool children. Journal of Fundementals of</p><p>Mental Health,17(5), 234-239.</p><p></p><p>Richardson, V. (1996). From behaviorism to constructivism in teacher education. The</p><p>Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional</p><p>Children.</p><p></p><p>Saarni, C. (2011). Emotional development in childhood. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development.</p><p></p><p>Salmon, A. (2010). Tools to enhance young children's thinking. Young Children.</p><p></p><p>Scheidegger, M. C. (2004). Representing and analyzing temporal complexity in children's story</p><p>books, 382.</p><p></p><p>Scott, J. (2014). Once upon a time: A short history of fairy tale by marina warner. The Kelvingrove</p><p>Review,(14). doi:https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_393384_en.pdf</p><p></p><p>Selfe, A. (2013). Childrens moral reasoning, moral emotions and prosocial behaviour: the</p><p>educational implications.</p><p></p><p>Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., & Zechmeister, J. S. (2012). Research methods in</p><p>psychology(9th ed.). New York, Amareca: McGraw.Hill International Edition.</p><p></p><p>Simsek, Z. C., & Erdogan, N. I. (2015). Effects of the dialogic and traditional reading techniques</p><p>on childrens language development. Science Direct, 754758.</p><p></p><p>Stover, K. (2015). Rhyming versus repetition in children's stories: The role of reading strategies</p><p>in new word recognition. Undergraduate Honours Theses.</p><p></p><p>Subramaniam, V. (2000). Pemerolehan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak melayu.</p><p></p><p>Sultan Alotaibi. (2014). Study of islamic teaching methods in saudi arabia.</p><p></p><p>Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review</p><p>of Psychology,58(1), 345-372.</p><p></p><p>Taranindya Zulhi Amalia, & Zaimatus Sadiyah. (2015). Bercerita sebagai metode mengajar bagi guru</p><p>raudlatul athfal dalam mengembangkan kemampuan dasar bahasa anak usia dini di desa ngembaljero bae,</p><p>kudus. 3(2), 334-352.</p><p></p><p>Taufiq Yap Yun Hin. (2017, June 29). Akhlak mulia tawan hati bukan muslim. My Metro. Retrieved</p><p>February 19, 2019.</p><p></p><p>Tengku Ibrahim Helmi Tengku Mohammad. (2016). Sirah nabawiyyah definisi dan kepentingan</p><p>mempelajarinya. Academia.</p><p></p><p>Thornberg, R., & Oguz, E. (2013). Teachers' views on values education: A qualitative study in</p><p>sweden and turkey. International Journal of Educational Research,59(1), 49-56.</p><p></p><p>Uhlendorff, U. (2004). The developmental-tasks conception and its significance for</p><p>education and social work. Retrieved March 21, 2019.</p><p></p><p>Vale, E. (2000). Factors contributing to prosocial behavior among pre-school children from</p><p>low-income families.</p><p></p><p>Wahler, R., & S.Rowinski, K. (2009). Parentchild conversations about the past: Exercises for the</p><p>childs study of the present. Springer Science Business</p><p>Media. doi:file:///D:/JOURNALS/4. Dialogue/2009 Journal Parent-Child Conversation.pdf</p><p></p><p>Wentzel, K. (2015). Prosocial behaviour and schooling. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood</p><p>Development, 1-5.</p><p></p><p>Weegar, M. A., & Pacis, D. (2012). A comparison of two theories of learning -- behaviorism and</p><p>constructivism as applied to face-to-face and online learning. E-Leader Manila.</p><p></p><p>Wentzel, K. (2015). Prosocial behaviour and schooling. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood</p><p>Development, 1-5.</p><p></p><p>Wilkins, A., Cleave, R., Grayson, N., & Wilson, L. (2009). Typography for children may be</p><p>inappropriately designed. Journal of Research in Reading, 32(4).</p><p></p><p>Wong, B. (2011). Typography. Nature America Inc.,8(4).</p><p></p><p>World Health Organization. (2003). Guidelines for who guidelines. Global Programme on</p><p>Evidence for Health Policy , 123.</p><p></p><p>Yalawae, A., & Ahmad Farid Ibrahim, A. F. (2007). Akhlak warisan rasulullah</p><p>s.a.w membawa kemuliaan umat. Jurnal Usuludin,26, 71-83.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>