Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian
<p>Bengkel merupakan satu pendekatan yang berterusan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran</p><p>Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) dan tahap motivasi guru dalam</p><p>pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21). Kajian ini bertujuan...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | zsm |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7395 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7395 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
zsm |
topic |
LB Theory and practice of education |
spellingShingle |
LB Theory and practice of education Chelva Letchmanan Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
description |
<p>Bengkel merupakan satu pendekatan yang berterusan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran</p><p>Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) dan tahap motivasi guru dalam</p><p>pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mereka</p><p>bentuk dan melaksanakan bengkel Penilaian Dalam Talian (PDT) serta menilai</p><p>keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran TMK dan tahap motivasi para</p><p>guru Bahasa Tamil. Di samping itu, kaji selidik tahap motivasi guru terhadap PDT</p><p>sebelum dan selepas bengkel telah dijalankan. Seramai 50 orang guru Bahasa Tamil</p><p>telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian melalui pensampelan bertujuan. Kajian ini</p><p>menggunakan kaedah campuran di mana kaedah kualitatif dijalankan menerusi</p><p>temubual manakala kaedah kuantitatif dijalankan menerusi soal selidik dan ujian pra</p><p>dan pasca. Bengkel PDT telah direka bentuk dan dijalankan berdasarkan sembilan tema</p><p>utama daripada instrumen temu bual. Keberkesanan bengkel dianalisis melalui kaedah</p><p>pra-eksperimental dengan menggunakan instrumen ujian pra dan pasca. Hasil dapatan</p><p>kajian melalui ujian T berpasangan mendapati perbezaan yang signifikan dengan nilai</p><p>t(49) = -40.86, p = 0.000, p< 0.05 antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca terhadap tahap</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran TMK dalam PDT dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Tamil. Dalam</p><p>pada itu, perbezaan tahap motivasi guru Bahasa Tamil terhadap PDT sebelum dan</p><p>selepas menghadiri bengkel juga dinilai menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis</p><p>menggunakan ujian T berpasangan. Analisis menunjukkan nilai t(49) = -8.373, p =</p><p>0.000, p<0.05 dengan perbezaan tahap motivasi yang signifikan terhadap PDT selepas</p><p>menghadiri bengkel. Selain itu, analisis korelasi pula menunjukkan nilai korelasi</p><p>sederhana kuat r(0.350) antara tahap kemahiran TMK dan tahap motivasi terhadap PDT</p><p>selepas para guru Bahasa Tamil menghadiri bengkel PDT. Ini membuktikan bahawa</p><p>motivasi guru meningkat sejajar dengan peningkatan tahap kemahiran TMK selepas</p><p>menghadiri bengkel PDT. Implikasi kajian ini ialah pelaksanaan bengkel dapat menjadi</p><p>satu panduan kepada guru untuk menjalankan PDT dalam proses pengajaran dan</p><p>pemudahcaraan serta membimbing mereka untuk memahami kepentingan penerapan</p><p>TMK dan motivasi dalam pelaksanaan proses PDT.</p> |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
Master's degree |
author |
Chelva Letchmanan |
author_facet |
Chelva Letchmanan |
author_sort |
Chelva Letchmanan |
title |
Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
title_short |
Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
title_full |
Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
title_fullStr |
Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
title_full_unstemmed |
Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
title_sort |
keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7395 |
_version_ |
1747833390278639616 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:73952022-09-12 Keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran teknologi maklumat dan tahap motivasi guru terhadap proses penilaian dalam talian 2021 Chelva Letchmanan LB Theory and practice of education <p>Bengkel merupakan satu pendekatan yang berterusan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran</p><p>Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) dan tahap motivasi guru dalam</p><p>pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mereka</p><p>bentuk dan melaksanakan bengkel Penilaian Dalam Talian (PDT) serta menilai</p><p>keberkesanan bengkel dalam meningkatkan kemahiran TMK dan tahap motivasi para</p><p>guru Bahasa Tamil. Di samping itu, kaji selidik tahap motivasi guru terhadap PDT</p><p>sebelum dan selepas bengkel telah dijalankan. Seramai 50 orang guru Bahasa Tamil</p><p>telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian melalui pensampelan bertujuan. Kajian ini</p><p>menggunakan kaedah campuran di mana kaedah kualitatif dijalankan menerusi</p><p>temubual manakala kaedah kuantitatif dijalankan menerusi soal selidik dan ujian pra</p><p>dan pasca. Bengkel PDT telah direka bentuk dan dijalankan berdasarkan sembilan tema</p><p>utama daripada instrumen temu bual. Keberkesanan bengkel dianalisis melalui kaedah</p><p>pra-eksperimental dengan menggunakan instrumen ujian pra dan pasca. Hasil dapatan</p><p>kajian melalui ujian T berpasangan mendapati perbezaan yang signifikan dengan nilai</p><p>t(49) = -40.86, p = 0.000, p< 0.05 antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca terhadap tahap</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran TMK dalam PDT dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Tamil. Dalam</p><p>pada itu, perbezaan tahap motivasi guru Bahasa Tamil terhadap PDT sebelum dan</p><p>selepas menghadiri bengkel juga dinilai menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis</p><p>menggunakan ujian T berpasangan. Analisis menunjukkan nilai t(49) = -8.373, p =</p><p>0.000, p<0.05 dengan perbezaan tahap motivasi yang signifikan terhadap PDT selepas</p><p>menghadiri bengkel. Selain itu, analisis korelasi pula menunjukkan nilai korelasi</p><p>sederhana kuat r(0.350) antara tahap kemahiran TMK dan tahap motivasi terhadap PDT</p><p>selepas para guru Bahasa Tamil menghadiri bengkel PDT. Ini membuktikan bahawa</p><p>motivasi guru meningkat sejajar dengan peningkatan tahap kemahiran TMK selepas</p><p>menghadiri bengkel PDT. Implikasi kajian ini ialah pelaksanaan bengkel dapat menjadi</p><p>satu panduan kepada guru untuk menjalankan PDT dalam proses pengajaran dan</p><p>pemudahcaraan serta membimbing mereka untuk memahami kepentingan penerapan</p><p>TMK dan motivasi dalam pelaksanaan proses PDT.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7395 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7395 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif <p>Abuhmaid, A. (2011). ICT training courses for teacher professional development in</p><p>Jordan. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 10(4), 195-</p><p>210.</p><p></p><p>Akbulut, Y. (2014). Exploration of the antecedents of digital piracy through a structural</p><p>equation model. The Journal of Computers and Education, 78, 294305.</p><p></p><p>Alagesan, A. (2012). Sikap, kemahiran dan halangan dalam penggunaan teknologi</p><p>maklumat dan komunikasi bagi pengajaran bahasa Tamil di sekolah menengah</p><p>di Selangor, Malaysia. (Disertasi Ijazah sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan).</p><p>Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Alazam, A. O., Bakar, A. R., Hamzah, R., & Asmiran, S. (2013). Teachers ICT skills</p><p>and ICT integration in the classroom: The case of vocational and technical</p><p>teachers in Malaysia. Creative Education, 3(08), 70.</p><p></p><p>Ali, I., & Gujjar, A. A. (2014). Continuous classroom assessment at primary level. imanagers</p><p>Journal of Educational Technology, 11(1), 1521.</p><p></p><p>Al-Kadri, H. M. (2015). From Assessment Cocktail to Assessment Symphony: The</p><p>Development of Best Assessment Practices. Health Professions Education,</p><p>1(1), 5864.</p><p></p><p>Allo, M. D. G. (2020). Is the online learning good in the midst of Covid-19 Pandemic?</p><p>The case of EFL learners. Jurnal Sinestesia, 10(1), 110.</p><p></p><p>Almuntasheri, S., Gillies, R. M., & Wright, T. (2016). The Effectiveness of a Guided</p><p>Inquiry-Based, Teachers' Professional Development Programme on Saudi</p><p>Students' Understanding of Density. Science Education International, 27(1),</p><p>16-39.</p><p></p><p>Alotaibi, K. A. (2019). Teachers Perceptions on Factors Influence Adoption of</p><p>Formative Assessment. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 7486.</p><p></p><p>Alruwais, N., Wills, G., & Wald, M. (2018). Advantages and Challenges of Using e-</p><p>Assessment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology,</p><p>8(1), 34-37.</p><p></p><p>Anderson, E. S. (2016). Evaluating interprofessional education: An important step to</p><p>improving practice and influencing policy. Journal of Taibah University</p><p>Medical Sciences, 11(6), 571578.</p><p></p><p>Andin, C., Harun, H., Hamzah, R., & Johari, K. (2017). I Dont Want to Be a Teacher:</p><p>Factors Restricting Male Students from Entering the Teaching Profession.</p><p>Journal of Education, 25. 21.</p><p></p><p>Ardid, M., Gmez-Tejedor, J. A., Meseguer-Dueas, J. M., Riera, J., & Vidaurre, A.</p><p>(2015b). Online exams for blended assessment. Study of different application</p><p>methodologies. Computers & Education, 81, 296303.</p><p></p><p>Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior.</p><p>Psychological Review, 64(6, Pt.1), 359372. Retrieved From</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043445</p><p></p><p>Avci Ycel, . (2017). Perceptions of pedagogical formation students about Web 2.0</p><p>tools and educational practices. Education and Information Technologies,</p><p>22(4), 15711585.</p><p></p><p>Awotokun, O. (2016). Information and communications technology (ICT) in Nigeria</p><p>educational assessment system - Emerging Challenges. Universal Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, 4(6), 13511356.</p><p></p><p>Azmi, M. N., & Nurzatulshima. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi</p><p>(KBAT): Kesediaan Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Rendah. International Research Journal of</p><p>Education and Sciences (IRJES). Vol.1 Special Issue 1 (Malay).</p><p></p><p>Baez-Hernandez, R. A. (2019). Impact of Instructional Alignment Workshop on</p><p>Teachers Self-Efficacy and Perceived Instruction Performance. Education</p><p>Reform Journal, 4(1), 1-13.</p><p></p><p>Balinas, E. S. (2016). English Teachers Classroom Assessment Practices. International</p><p>Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 5(1), 8292.</p><p></p><p>Barker, P. (2008). Re-evaluating a model of learning design. Innovations in Education</p><p>and Teaching International, 45(2), 127-142.</p><p></p><p>Batelle Kids, B. (2019). Framework for 21st Century Learning. P21 Partnership:</p><p>Arizona.</p><p></p><p>Batista, S., Pedro, N., Agonacs, N., Fonte, M., Oliveira, N., & Matos, J. F. (2017,</p><p>October). Evaluation of teacher training satisfaction: A critical factor for</p><p>technology integration in higher education. In European Conference on e-</p><p>Learning (pp. 580-584). Academic Conferences International Limited.</p><p></p><p>Baytak, A. (2011). Experiencing technology integration in education : childrens</p><p>perceptions. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 3(2),</p><p>139 -151.</p><p></p><p>Bednar, Cunningham, Duffy, & Perry (1992). Theory into practice: How do we link?</p><p>Handbook.Handbook of research for educational communications and</p><p>technology. New York: Pasific Publication.</p><p></p><p>Bennett & Elliot, R. (2011). 'Formative assessment: a critical review'. Assessment in</p><p>Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 18(1), 5 25.</p><p></p><p>Buigues-Garca, M., & Gimnez-Chornet, V. (2012). Impact of Web 2.0 on national</p><p>libraries. International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 310.</p><p></p><p>Boholano, H. B. (2018). IMT skills of the pre-service teachers in Cebu City.</p><p>International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 7(3),</p><p>212220.</p><p></p><p>Bollen, K. A., & Davis, W. R. (2009). Two rules of identification for structural equation</p><p>models. Structural Equation Modeling, 16(3), 523536.</p><p></p><p>Bower, M., Wood, L. N., Lai, J. W., Howe, C., Lister, R., Mason, R. & Veal, J. (2017).</p><p>Improving the computational thinking pedagogical capabilities of school</p><p>teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 4-15.</p><p></p><p>Briones, C. B. (2018). Teachers Competency on the Use of ICT in Teaching Physics</p><p>in the Junior High School. 4th International Research Conference on Higher</p><p>Education, 177204. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/5c5gim</p><p></p><p>Bush, G. (2015). Learning about learning: from theories to trends. Teacher Librarian,</p><p>34.</p><p></p><p>Bury, J., & Masuzawa, Y. (2018). Non-hierarchical learning: sharing knowledge,</p><p>power and outcomes. Journal of pedagogic development. 5.</p><p></p><p>Cakir, A., & Gungor, M. N. (2017). Pre-service teachers "evaluations of practices in</p><p>teaching English to young. Journal Of Language And Linguistic Studies, 13(1),</p><p>244259.</p><p></p><p>Cana, V. (2010). An investigation on evaluation of students achievement in on-line</p><p>teaching. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1550-1555.</p><p></p><p>Carpenter, D. (2015). School culture and leadership of professional learning</p><p>communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 12, 13-28.</p><p></p><p>Chang, E. K., & Wimmers, P. F. (2017). Effect of Repeated/Spaced Formative</p><p>Assessments on Medical School Final Exam Performance. Health Professions</p><p>Education, 3(1), 3237.</p><p></p><p>Chen, M., Chiang, F. K., Jiang, Y. N., & Yu, S. Q. (2017).Model latihan guru yang</p><p>sesuai dengan konteks dalam persekitaran pembelajaran u-learning. Interactive</p><p>Learning Environments, 25(1), 113-126.</p><p></p><p>Chen, Y. C., Hwang, R. H., & Wang, C. Y. (2012). Development and evaluation of a</p><p>Web 2.0 annotation system as a learning tool in an e-learning environment. The</p><p>Journal of Computers & Education, 58(4), 10941105.</p><p></p><p>Cheng, L. (2013). Language classroom assessment. The Electronic Journal for English</p><p>as a Second Language, 17(4), 1-39.</p><p></p><p>Cheng, L. (2013). Online formative assessments with social network awareness. The</p><p>journal of computer and education, 66, 40-53.</p><p></p><p>Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., Lee, Y., & Lee, J. W. (2018). Why autonomy-supportive</p><p>interventions work: Explaining the professional development of teachers</p><p>motivating style. Teaching and Teacher Education, 69, 43-51.</p><p></p><p>Chigona, A., Chigona, W., & Davids, Z. (2014). Educators motivation on integration</p><p>of ICTs into pedagogy : case of disadvantaged areas. South African Journal of</p><p>Education, 34(3), 1-8.</p><p></p><p>Chua, A. Y. K., & Goh, D. H. (2010). A study of Web 2.0 applications in library</p><p>websites. Library & Information Science Research, 32(3), 203211.</p><p></p><p>Cirit, C. (2015). Assessing ELT Pre-Service Teachers via Web 2 . 0 Tools : Perceptions</p><p>toward Traditional , The journal of Online and Alternative Assessment, 14(3),</p><p>919.</p><p></p><p>Clarke-midura, J., & Dede, C. (2010). Assessment, Technology, and Change. Journal</p><p>of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 309328.</p><p></p><p>Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges</p><p>and developing strategies for effective learning. Psychologist, 26(2), 120-123</p><p></p><p>Cohen, P. S. (1968). Sociological Theory: Inquiries and Paradigms. Sociology, 2(2),</p><p>255255.</p><p></p><p>Cooperman, L., (2017, November). Additional Self-Assessments and Getting Started</p><p>With Online Instruction in The Art of Teaching Online. Retrieved from</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101013-6.00002-3</p><p></p><p>Copriady, J. (2014). Self-Motivation as a Mediator for Teachers' Readiness in Applying</p><p>ICT in Teaching and Learning. Turkish Online Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology-TOJET, 13(4), 115-123.</p><p></p><p>Cowie, N. (2015). Assessment and e-learning : Current issues and future trends, The</p><p>Jaltcall Journal, 11(3), 271281.</p><p></p><p>Czerniewicz, L. (2016). Student practices in copyright culture: accessing learning</p><p>resources. The Journal of Learning, Media and Technology, 42(2), 171184.</p><p></p><p>Daud, M. Y., & Zakaria, E. (2012). Web 2.0 Application to Cultivate Creativity in ICT</p><p>Literacy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 459466.</p><p></p><p>Davies, J. A. (1971). Elementary survey analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>DeLuca, C., LaPointe-McEwan, D., & Luhanga, U. (2016). Approaches to classroom</p><p>assessment inventory: A new instrument to support teacher assessment</p><p>literacy. Educational Assessment, 21(4), 248-266.</p><p></p><p>Dermott, K. M., Hinchion, C., Mcgivern, A., & Meade, D. (2018). Learning through</p><p>film: Lessons from workshops for teachers and pre-service teachers of English.</p><p>Journal for Learning through the Arts, 14(1), 18-36.</p><p></p><p>De Witte, K., & Rogge, N. (2014). Does ICT matter for effectiveness and efficiency in</p><p>mathematics education? An International Journal of Computers & Education,</p><p>75, 173184.</p><p></p><p>Dicarlo, K., & Cooper, L. (2014). Classroom Assessment Techniques : A Literature</p><p>Review. Journal of Instructional Research, 3, 1520.</p><p></p><p>Djaali & Marjono, P. (2004). Pengukuran dalam Bidang Pendidikan. Program Pasca</p><p>Sarjana Universitas Negeri Jakarta; Jakarta.</p><p></p><p>Draper, R. J. (2002). School mathematics reform, constructivism, and literacy: A case</p><p>for literacy instruction in the reform-oriented math classroom. Journal of</p><p>Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 45(6), 520-529.</p><p></p><p>Driscoll, M. (2016). Psychology of Learning for Instruction (4 ed.).Boston: Pearson</p><p>Education Inc.</p><p></p><p>Dunwill, E. (2016). Four changes that will shape the classroom of the future: Making</p><p>education fully technological. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/hcawod</p><p></p><p>Duraku, Z. H., & Hoxha, L. (2020, April). The impact of COVID-19 on education and</p><p>on the well-being of teachers, parents, and students : Challenges related to</p><p>remote (online) learning and opportunities for advancing the quality of</p><p>education. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/csnlpd</p><p></p><p>Eljinini.M and Alsamarai.S. (2012). The impact of e-assessments system on the success</p><p>of the implementation process.The Journal of Education in Computer Science,</p><p>4(11), 76-84.</p><p></p><p>Elliott, K. (2015). Teacher Performance Appraisal: More about Performance or</p><p>Development?. Australian Journal of teacher education, 40(9), 9.</p><p></p><p>Embong, H., Kua, B. H., & Yusof, H. M. (2018). Bengkel pemantapan pendekatan</p><p>inkuiri: meningkatkan penggunaan pendekatan inkuiri semasa latihan</p><p>praktikum fasa 2 dalam kalangan guru pelatih sains pendidikan rendah. Jurnal</p><p>Penyelidikan Dedikasi, 12, 141-156.</p><p></p><p>Eranki, K. L., & Moudgalya, K. M. (2016). Comparing the Effectiveness of Self-</p><p>Learning Java Workshops with Traditional Classrooms. Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology & Society, 19(4).</p><p></p><p>Ermie Dharlya Che Daud (2015). Hubungan Faktor Kebergunaan, Kemudahgunaan</p><p>dan Sikap serta Kepuasaan Guru Data dan Maklumat Terhadap EMIS di</p><p>Sekolah (Master Dissertation). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Tanjung</p><p>Malim.</p><p></p><p>Fenrich, P., & Johnson, R. (2016). Bengkel kemahiran instruksional: Model untuk</p><p>melatih pendidik kaedah pengajaran. Research Highlights in Education and</p><p>Science 2016, 9.</p><p></p><p>Firdaus, M., & Helmi, M. (2017). Integrasi Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi serta</p><p>Literasi Maklumat Dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Prosiding Seminar</p><p>Kebangsaan Pendidikan Negara, 7.</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, E. W. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in</p><p>education. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Fullan, M., & Langworthy, M. (2014, January). A Rich Seam: How new pedagogies</p><p>find deep learning. London: Pearson. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/z6jp9m</p><p></p><p>Gebremedhin, M. A., & Fenta, A. A. (2015). Assessing Teachers Perception on</p><p>Integrating ICT in Teaching- Learning Process: The Case of Adwa College. The</p><p>Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (4), 114-125.</p><p></p><p>Geldreich, K., Talbot, M., & Hubwieser, P. (2018, October). Off to new shores:</p><p>preparing primary school teachers for teaching algorithmics and programming.</p><p>Proceedings of the 13th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing</p><p>Education (pp. 1-6).</p><p></p><p>Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2016). Teaching and Learning with Technology:</p><p>Effectiveness of ICT Integration in Schools. Journal of International Journal of</p><p>Research in Education and Science, 1(2), 175.</p><p></p><p>Greiff, S., & Kyllonen, P. (2016). Contemporary Assessment Challenges. The</p><p>measurement of 21st century skills. Applied Measurement in Education, 29(4),</p><p>243-244.</p><p></p><p>Gudmundsdottir, G. B., & Hatlevik, O. E. (2018). Newly qualified teachers</p><p>professional digital competence: implications for teacher education. European</p><p>Journal of Teacher Education, 41(2), 214-231.</p><p></p><p>Gutuza, R. F., Khosa, M. T., Gazimbe, P., & Mapolisa, T. (2016). Challenges of</p><p>Assessment of Students with Special Learning Needs. Scholars Journal of Arts,</p><p>Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(9B), 1457-1459.</p><p></p><p>Gul, E., Cokluk, O., & Gul, C. D. (2015). Development of an Attitudes Scale toward</p><p>Online Assessment. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 529-536.</p><p></p><p>Gulati, S. (2008). Compulsory participation in online discussions: Is this constructivism</p><p>or normalization of learning? Innovations in Education and Teaching</p><p>International, 45(2), 183-193. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from ProQuest</p><p>database.</p><p></p><p>Guerrero, C., Lera, I., & Juiz, C. (2013). Performance improvement of web caching in</p><p>Web 2.0 via knowledge discovery. Journal of Systems and Software, 86(12),</p><p>29702980.</p><p></p><p>Habibu, T., Mamun, A., & Clement, C. K. (2012). Difficulties Faced by Teachers in</p><p>Using ICT in Teaching-Learning at Technical and Higher Educational</p><p>Institutions of Uganda. International Journal of Engineering Research &</p><p>Technology, 1(8), 1-9.</p><p></p><p>Haegele, J. A., Hodge, S., Filho, P. J. B. G., & de Rezende, A. L. G. (2018). Brazilian</p><p>physical education teachers attitudes toward inclusion before and after</p><p>participation in a professional development workshop. European Physical</p><p>Education Review, 24(1), 21-38.</p><p></p><p>Hanafi, H. F., Said, C. S., Wahab, M. H., & Samsuddin, K. (2017). Improving Students</p><p>Motivation in Learning ICT Course with the Use of A Mobile Augmented</p><p>Reality Learning Environment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and</p><p>Engineering, 226(1). 1-10.</p><p></p><p>Hashim, H., Munira, S., Nasri, M., & Mustafa, Z. (2017). Cabaran Yang Dihadapi Oleh</p><p>Guru Dalam Maya Frog Di Bilik Darjah (Teachers Challenges In The</p><p>Implementation Of Frog Virtual Learning Environment In The Classrooms).</p><p>Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 31, 115-129.</p><p></p><p>Haslinda Husaini, Rafidah Abdul Aziz & Firdaus Mohd Helmi. (2010, Ogos). Integrasi</p><p>Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi serta Literasi Maklumat Dalam</p><p>Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran : Kepentingan Pusat Sumber Sekolah. Dimuat</p><p>turun daripada https://rb.gy/bpnja0</p><p></p><p>Hasliza Hashim, Siti Munira Mohd Nasri, & Zarina Mustafa. (2016). Cabaran yang</p><p>dihadapi oleh guru dalam pelaksanaan persekitaran pembelajaran maya frog di</p><p>bilik darjah. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 31, 115129.</p><p></p><p>Hasnulfikri. (2019, Sept 28) Google Classroom (moe-dl) : Menyemak Tugasan Pelajar</p><p>[Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a8s-HdVDYc</p><p></p><p>Hao, Y., & Lee, K. S. (2015). Teachers concern about integrating Web 2.0</p><p>technologies and its relationship with teacher characteristics. Computers in</p><p>Human Behavior, 48, 18.</p><p></p><p>Hennessy, S., Dragovic, T., & Warwick, P. (2018). A research-informed, school-based</p><p>professional development workshop programme to promote dialogic teaching</p><p>with interactive technologies. Professional Development in Education, 44(2),</p><p>145-168.</p><p></p><p>Herring, M., C. (2014). Design and training for implementation of constructivist-based</p><p>distance learning environments. Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 12206.</p><p></p><p>Himmah, W. I., Nayazik, A., & Setyawan, F. (2019, March). Revised Blooms</p><p>taxonomy to analyze the final mathematics examination problems in Junior</p><p>High School. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1188, No. 1, p.</p><p>012028). IOP Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Howard, P. G. (2018). Twenty-First Century Learning as a Radical Re-Thinking of</p><p>Education in the Service of Life. The Journal of Education Sciences, 8(189), 1-</p><p>13.</p><p></p><p>Hue, L.T., Ab Jalil, H. (2013). Attitudes towards ICT Integration into Curriculum and</p><p>Usage among University Lecturers in Vietnam. International Journal of</p><p>Instruction, 6(2),53-66.</p><p></p><p>Husain, M. Z., Hasan, A., Wahab, N. B. A., & Jantan, J. (2015). Determining teaching</p><p>effectiveness for physical education teacher. Procedia-Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 172, 733-740.</p><p></p><p>Huzaifah, S. & Aizat, M. (2018, Oktober). Hubungan Antara Motivasi Kendiri</p><p>dengan Pencapaian Matematik Pelajar Tingkatan 5 di Daerah Rompin. EProceedings</p><p>National Innovation and Invention Competition Through</p><p>Exhibition. Dimuat turun daripada https://rb.gy/a2xzfarao</p><p></p><p>Imam, F. M. (2016). Developing The 21sfullamt Century Social Studies Skills. Turkish</p><p>Online Journal of Distance Education, 17(1), 630.</p><p></p><p>Ishak, R., Ghani, M. F. A., & Siraj, S. (2017). Amalan Kepimpinan Organisasi</p><p>Pembelajaran di Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi Malaysia. JuPiDi: Jurnal</p><p>Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 1(2), 1-12.</p><p></p><p>Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam. (2005). Pekeliling Perkhidmatan Bilangan 6 Tahun</p><p>2005: Dasar Latihan Sumber Manusia Sektor Awam. Diakses menerusi Portal</p><p>Rasmi JPA di https://www.jpa.gov.my/.</p><p></p><p>Jacobson-lundeberg, V. (2016). Pedagogical Implementation of 21st Century Skills.</p><p>The Journal of Educational Leadership and Administration: Teaching and</p><p>Program Development, 27, 82-100.</p><p></p><p>Jeno, L. M., Grytnes, J. A., & Vandvik, V. (2017). The effect of a mobile-application</p><p>tool on biology students' motivation and achievement in species identification:</p><p>A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Computers & Education, 107, 1-12.</p><p></p><p>Jones, S. J. (2017). Technology in the Montessori Classroom : Teachers Beliefs and</p><p>Technology Use. Journal of Montessori Research, 3(1), 16-29.</p><p></p><p>Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Lim, E. (2018). Factors influencing preservice teachers intention</p><p>to use technology: TPACK, teacher self-efficacy, and technology acceptance</p><p>model. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 48-59.</p><p></p><p>Junus, N. F. (2013). Cabaran dalam mengimplementasi virtual learning environment</p><p>(VLE) Frog dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran oleh guru di sekolah-sekolah</p><p>di Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia).</p><p></p><p>Kamarulzaman Kamaruddin, Che Anuar Che Abdullah, Mohd Noor Idris, & Mohd</p><p>Nasrun Mohd Nawi. (2017, Oktober). Teachers level of ICT integration in</p><p>teaching and learning: A survey in Malaysian private preschool. The 2nd</p><p>International Conference on Applied Science and Technology. Retrieved from</p><p>https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5005408</p><p></p><p>Kartal, S. K. (2018). The Prominent Student Competences of the 21 st Century</p><p>Education and the Transformation of Classroom Assessment. International</p><p>Journal of Progressive Education, 14(6), 7082.</p><p></p><p>Kearns, L. R. (2016). The experience of teaching online and its impact on faculty</p><p>innovation across delivery methods. The Internet and Higher Education, 31,</p><p>7178.</p><p></p><p>Kelly, N., Wright, N., Dawes, L., Kerr, J., & Robertson, A. (2019). Co-Design for</p><p>Curriculum Planning: A Model for Professional Development for High School</p><p>Teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(7), 84-107.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2018). Panduan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik</p><p>Darjah Edisi ke-2. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. Dimuat</p><p>turun daripada https://rb.gy/dv6nai</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Format Standard Penulisan Rancangan</p><p>Pengajaran Harian (RPH). Dimuat turun daripada https://rb.gy/jjsnim</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2014). Pembelajaran Abad ke-21(PAK21).</p><p>Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://rb.gy/j4xlgd</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p>(PPPM) 2013 2015. Dimuat turun daripada https://rb.gy/hbzkum</p><p></p><p>Keong, C. C., Ghani, M. F. A., & Abdullah, Z. (2017). Amalan Komuniti Pembelajaran</p><p>Profesional (KPP) Di Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi (Sbt) Malaysia: Sebuah</p><p>Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) di Sarawak. JuPiDi: Jurnal</p><p>Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 3(1), 43-70.</p><p></p><p>Khairil, L. F., & Mokshein, S. E. (2018). 21st Century Assessment : Online</p><p>Assessment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and</p><p>Social Sciences, 8(1), 659672.</p><p></p><p>Khorsandi, M., Kobra, A., Ghobadzadeh, M., Kalantari, M., & Seifei, M. (2012).</p><p>Online vs. Traditional Teaching Evaluation: A Cross-Sectional Study. Procedia</p><p>- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 481483.</p><p></p><p>Kilis, S., & Uzun, A. M. (2018). Teaching information and communication technology</p><p>ethics with case-based instruction: effectiveness and preservice teachers</p><p>perspectives. Malaysian Online Journal Of Educational Sciences, 6(4), 3247.</p><p></p><p>Kim, C., & Hatton, N. (2008). Cognitive theory and curriculum application. Retrieved,</p><p>http://www.umm.maine.edu:300/education/students/curriculumDesign/Hatton</p><p></p><p>King, M. B. (2017). Are conferences and workshops valid and effective? The Learning</p><p>Professional, 38(5), 10-11.</p><p></p><p>King, N., Horrocks, C., Brooks, J. (2019). Interviews in Qualitative Research (2nd</p><p>Edition).Singapore: SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Koenig, J. A. & Rapporteur. (2011). 21st Century Skills (National Research Council).</p><p>Washington, DC: The National Academic Press.</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Sample Size Determination Table.</p><p></p><p>Krzyzaniak, S. M., Cherney, A., Messman, A., Natesan, S., Overbeck, M., Schnapp,</p><p>B., & Boysen-Osborn, M. (2018). Curated collections for educators: five key</p><p>papers about residents as teachers curriculum development. Cureus, 10(2).</p><p></p><p>Kumar, A. (2013). Formative assessments as pedagogic tools. International Journal of</p><p>Human Sciences. 10(1), 750-759.</p><p></p><p>Kunnari, I., & Ilomki, L. (2016). Reframing teachers work for educational</p><p>innovation. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(2), 167-</p><p>178.</p><p></p><p>Kurilovas, E., & Juskeviciene, A. (2015). Creation of Web 2.0 tools ontology to</p><p>improve learning. The Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 1380</p><p>1386.</p><p></p><p>Leahey, T. H. (2000). Control: A history of behavioral psychology. The Journal of</p><p>American History, 87(2), 686-687.</p><p></p><p>Levin-goldberg, J. (2014). WebQuest 2.0 : Best practices for the 21st century. Journal</p><p>of Instructional Research, 3, 7382.</p><p></p><p>Liburd, J. J., & Christensen, I.-M. F. (2013). Using web 2.0 in higher tourism education.</p><p>Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 12(1), 99108.</p><p></p><p>Lip, R., Hashim, S., & Musa, M. K. (2018). Pembangunan dan Penilaian Tahap</p><p>Kesesuaian Penggunaan E-Modul Asas Animasi 2D Berdasarkan Teori</p><p>Konstruktivisme Model Needham 5 Fasa. Politeknik & Kolej Komuniti Journal</p><p>of Life Long Learning, 2(1), 16-27.</p><p></p><p>Loima, J., & Vibulphol, J. (2015). Learning and Motivation in Thailand : A</p><p>Comparative Regional Study on Basic Education Ninth Graders. International</p><p>Education Studies, 9(1), 3143.</p><p></p><p>Lomu, L., & Widodo, S. A. (2018, Februari). Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Dan Disiplin</p><p>Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa. Prosiding Seminar</p><p>Nasional Pendidikan Matematika Etnomatnesia.</p><p></p><p>Lucas, R. I., Promentilla, M. A., Ubando, A., Tan, R. G., Aviso, K., & Yu, K. D. (2017).</p><p>An AHP-based evaluation method for teacher training workshop on information</p><p>and communication technology. The Journal of Evaluation and Program</p><p>Planning, 63, 93-100.</p><p></p><p>Lucas, M. R. D. (2015). 21st Century-based Soft Skills: Spotlight on Non-cognitive</p><p>Skills in a Cognitive-laden Dentistry Program. Russian Federation European</p><p>Journal of Contemporary Education, 11, 7281.</p><p></p><p>Maas, T., Jochim, A., & Gross, B. (2018). Mind the Gap : Will All Students Benefit</p><p>From 21st Century Learning? Washington; Center On Reinventing Public</p><p>Education.</p><p></p><p>MacCarrick, G. (2012). Assessment of Learning. Qtrauality Assurance in Medical</p><p>Education. Berlin: Springer.</p><p></p><p>Majeed, Z. S., & Yusoff, Z. S. (2015). Are we smarternow? Case study of smart</p><p>school implementation in a developing nation. Journal of Studies in</p><p>Education, 5(3), 236-258.</p><p></p><p>Manaf, S. Z. A., Din, R., Hamdan, A., Salleh, N. S. M., Kamsin, I. F., Karim, A. A., ...</p><p>& Ismail, N. M. (2015). Pembelajaran Peribadi Melalui Teknologi ICT Abad</p><p>ke-21 ke Arah Kemahiran Boleh Pindah. Journal of Personalized</p><p>Learning, 1(1), 57-68.</p><p></p><p>Mashira Yahaya, Rusyati Hanafiah, Nor Sazila Zakaria, & Rohana Osman. (2019).</p><p>Pengajaran dan Pemudahcaraan (pdpc) guru-guru sekolah rendah. Jurnal</p><p>Institut Pendidikan Guru Darul Aman, 26, 1325.</p><p></p><p>Mavinkurve, M., & Patil, M. (2016). Design of a teachers training workshop for</p><p>improving technology integration skills. Proceedings of the Canadian</p><p>Engineering Education Association (CEEA).</p><p></p><p>Mazalah Ahmad, Jamaludin Badusah, Ahmad Zamri Mansor, Aida, Faridah, Yusof, &</p><p>Rosseni. (2015). Aplikasi Model Literasi ICT abad ke-21 dalam kalangan Guru</p><p>pelatih. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Negara, 5, 312-328.</p><p></p><p>McClelland, D. C. (1965). Toward a theory of motive acquisition. American</p><p>Psychologist, 20(5), 321333.Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022225</p><p></p><p>Mirzajani, H., Mahmud, R., Fauzi Mohd Ayub, A., & Wong, S. L. (2016). Teachers</p><p>acceptance of ICT and its integration in the classroom. Quality Assurance in</p><p>Education, 24(1), 26-40.</p><p></p><p>Mirzeoglu, A. D., Altay, F., & Agca, S. S. (2017). Views , Achievements and</p><p>Implementation of Preschool Teachers Regarding Movement Education</p><p>Workshop. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(6), 202213.</p><p></p><p>Mitten, C., Jacobbe, T., & Jacobbe, E. (2017). What do they understand ? Using</p><p>technology to facilitate formative assessment. Australian Primary Mathematics</p><p>Classroom, 22(1), 9-12.</p><p></p><p>Mohamadi, Z. (2018). Comparative effect of online summative and formative</p><p>assessment on EFL student writing ability. Studies in Educational Evaluation,</p><p>59, 2940.</p><p></p><p>Moore, A. K., & Miller, R. J. (2016). Video Storytelling in the Classroom: The Role of</p><p>Narrative Transportation. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(8), 470-474.</p><p></p><p>Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., & Kemp, J. E. (2004). Design effective instruction. Wiley</p><p>JosseyBass. Hoboken, NJ.</p><p></p><p>Murad, A., & Abdullah, N. (2016). Develop i-think mind map module for science year</p><p>5 primary school (44-53). Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Malaysia,</p><p>6(2), 44-53.</p><p></p><p>Naizer, G., Sinclair, B., & Szabo, S. (2017). Examining the Sustainability of Effective</p><p>Professional Development Using a Workshop Design. Delta Kappa Gamma</p><p>Bulletin, 83(5).</p><p></p><p>Nambiar, R. M., & Thang, S. M. (2016). Examining Malaysian teachers online blogs</p><p>for reflective practices: Towards teacher professional development. Language</p><p>and Education, 30(1), 43-57.</p><p></p><p>Nath, H. K., & Liu, L. (2017). Information and communications technology (ICT) and</p><p>services trade. Journal of Information Economics and Policy, 41, 8187.</p><p></p><p>Needham. R. & Hill. P. (1987) Teaching Strategies for Developing Understanding in</p><p>Science. Children's Learning in Science Project. University of Leeds; England.</p><p></p><p>Nelisa, K. (2014). Technology in enhancing 21st century learning skills in public</p><p>secondary schools in Kenya. Kenya; University of Nairobi.</p><p></p><p>Newman, R., Chang, V., Walters, R. J., & Wills, G. B. (2016). Web 2.0The past and</p><p>the future. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 591598.</p><p></p><p>Nikou, S. A., & Economides, A. A. (2017). Mobile-Based Assessment: Integrating</p><p>acceptance and motivational factors into a combined model of Self-</p><p>Determination Theory and Technology Acceptance. Computers in Human</p><p>Behavior, 68, 83-95.</p><p></p><p>Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia:</p><p>McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Nurul Farhana Jumaat (2018). Peranan teknologi dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21.</p><p>Dewan Masyarakat, 10, 28-31.</p><p></p><p>Oche, S. (2017). Issues in the Assessment of Effective Classroom Learning in Nigeria.</p><p>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 19(10), 01-08.</p><p></p><p>Ong, E. T., Aminah, A. Y. O. B., Ibrahim, M. N., Adnan, M., Shariff, J., & ISHAK, N.</p><p>(2016). The effectiveness of an in-service training of early childhood teachers</p><p>on STEM integration through Project-Based Inquiry Learning (PIL). Journal of</p><p>Turkish Science Education, 13(special), 44-58.</p><p></p><p>rngreen, R., & Levinsen, K. (2017). Bengkel sebagai Metodologi Penyelidikan.</p><p>Electronic Journal of E-learning, 15(1), 70-81.</p><p></p><p>Osuji, U. S. (2012). The Use Of E-Assessments In The Nigerian Higher Education</p><p>System. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 13(4), 140</p><p>152.</p><p></p><p>Oweikeye, J., Amasuomo, M., & Alio, A. N. (2013). Students Perception of Daylight</p><p>Illumination in the School Workshop as a Determinant for Effective Students</p><p>Task Performance in Workshop Practice. Journal of Education and Learning,</p><p>2(4), 201207. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n4p201</p><p></p><p>ztrk, M. (2019). Penilaian Model Latihan Guru Dalam Perkhidmatan Inovatif di</p><p>Turki. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(1), 23-36.</p><p></p><p>Palomino, M. del C. P. (2017, June). Teacher Training in the Use of ICT for Inclusion:</p><p>Differences between Early Childhood and Primary Education. 7th International</p><p>Conference on Intercultural Education Education, Health and ICT for a</p><p>Transcultural World, 144-149. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/ul6kp2</p><p></p><p>Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah Teluk Intan (2019). Portal Rasmi Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah</p><p>Hilir Perak. Diakses melalui pdttelukintan.perak.gov.my.</p><p></p><p>Pellegrino, J. W. (2010). Perspectives on the Integration of Technology and</p><p>Assessment. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(2), 119134.</p><p></p><p>Peng, C. F., & Tanggayah, S. (2019). Penilaian Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Bahasa Tamil</p><p>di Sekolah Kebangsaan (Evaluation of Tamil Language Curriculum</p><p>Implementation in National Schools). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian</p><p>Journal of Education), 44(2), 41-52.</p><p></p><p>Philomina, M. J., & Amutha, S. (2016). Information and communication technology</p><p>awareness among teacher educators. International Journal of Information and</p><p>Education Technology, 6(8), 603.</p><p></p><p>Pieri, M., & Diamantini, D. (2014). An E-learning Web 2.0 Experience. Procedia -</p><p>Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 12171221.</p><p></p><p>Purcell, B. M. (2013). Use of formative classroom assessment techniques in a project</p><p>management course. Journal of Case Studies in Accreditation and Assessment</p><p>Use, 1, 16.</p><p></p><p>Puteh, S. N., Ghazali, N. A., Tamyis, M. M., & Ali, A. (2014). Keprihatinan Guru</p><p>Bahasa Melayu dalam melaksanakan Kemahiran Berfikir Secara Kritis dan</p><p>Kreatif (Malay Language Teachers Concern in Implementing Critical and</p><p>Creative Thinking Skills). Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu JPBM (Malay</p><p>Language Education Journal MyLEJ). Vol. 2, Bil. 2 (Nov. 2012): 19-31 19</p><p></p><p>Rabah, J. (2015). Benefits and Challenges of Information and Communication</p><p>Technologies (ICT) Integration in Qubec English Schools. The Turkish Online</p><p>Journal of Educational Technology, 14(2), 2431.</p><p></p><p>Razak, N. A., Lubis, M. A., Embi, M. A., & Mustapha, R. b. (2011). IT Literacy of</p><p>Language Teachers in Malaysian Technical Schools. International Journal of</p><p>Education and Information Technologies, 4(3), 149156.</p><p></p><p>Razzak, N. A. (2015). Challenges facing school leadership in promoting ICT</p><p>integration in instruction in the public schools of Bahrain. Education and</p><p>Information Technologies, 20(2), 303-318.</p><p></p><p>Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior, 16th Edition. United</p><p>Kingdom ; Pearson Education Limited.</p><p></p><p>Roekel, DV. (2017). Preparing 21st century sudents for a global society. Washington,</p><p>DC: National Education Association. Retrieved from https://rb.gy/gojsuo</p><p></p><p>Rosa, S. S., Coutinho, C. P., & Flores, M. A. (2016). Online Peer Assessment: Method</p><p>and Digital Technologies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 228,</p><p>418423.</p><p></p><p>Rotfeld, H. H. (2007). Theory, data, interpretations, and more theory. The Journal of</p><p>Consumer Affairs, 41(2), 376-380.</p><p></p><p>Salehudin, N. N., Hassan, H. N., & Hamid, N. A. A. (2015). Matematik dan Kemahiran</p><p>Abad Ke-21: Perspektif Murid. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematik. Vol. 3, Bil.1, 24-</p><p>36.</p><p></p><p>Schleicher, A. (2015). Schools for 21st-Century Learners: Strong Leaders, Confident</p><p>Teachers, Innovative Approaches. International Summit on the Teaching</p><p>Profession. OECD Publishing. 2, rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris Cedex 16,</p><p>France.</p><p></p><p>Schuld, N., Kanjee, A., & White, T. (2017). Tinder or flint: Igniting Grade 2 teachers'</p><p>understanding of learning, teaching and assessment. Journal of Education</p><p>(University of KwaZulu-Natal),70, 109-132.</p><p></p><p>Schulz, R., Isabwe, G. M., & Reichert, F. (2015, July). Investigating Teachers</p><p>Motivation to Use ICT Tools in Higher Education. Internet Technologies and</p><p>Applications, ITA 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, 62-</p><p>67.</p><p></p><p>Semerci, A. (2018). Examining High School Teachers Attitudes towards ICT Use in</p><p>Education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(2), 93105.</p><p></p><p>Senye-Mir, A. M., Arum-Prat, J., Pla-Campas, G., & Ramrez, E. (2016). Effects of</p><p>Formative Assessment on the Learning-to-learn Skills of Teacher Training</p><p>Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 228, 196201.</p><p></p><p>Sethusha, M. J. (2012). An Investigation of the Challenges Affecting Teachers</p><p>Classroom Assessment Practices. South Africa; University of South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Sharifah Nor Puteh & Kamarul Azman Abdul Salam. (2012). Tahap Kesediaan</p><p>Penggunaan ICT dalam Pengajaran dan Kesannya Terhadap Hasil Kerja dan</p><p>Tingkah Laku Murid Prasekolah (Level of Readiness in Using ICT for Teaching</p><p>and Its Effect on the Work and Behaviour of Preschool Pupils). Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia, 36(1), 25-34.</p><p></p><p>Sharp, L. A., Bonjour, G. L., & Cox, E. (2019). Implementing the Math Workshop</p><p>Approach : An Examination of Perspectives among Elementary, Middle, and</p><p>High School Teachers. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 6982.</p><p></p><p>Shazadiy, S., & Rafa, A. (2018). A Study of Classroom Assessment Practices :</p><p>Challenges and Issues in the Context of Public Secondary Schools of Karachi,</p><p>110.</p><p></p><p>Sheridan, L., & Kotevski, S. (2014). Learner perspectives on online assessments as a</p><p>mechanism to engage in reflective practice. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative</p><p>Education, 15(4), 335-345.</p><p></p><p>Sindelar, N.W. (2011). Assessment-powered teaching. CA: Corwin.</p><p></p><p>Siti Atiqah Sharudin. (2012). Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberkesanan pengajaran</p><p>dan pembelajaran di dalam bengkel vokasional di dua buah sekolah menengah</p><p>teknik di negeri sembilan. Johor Bahru ; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Siti Hajar Halili & Suguneswary (2016). Penerimaan guru terhadap penggunaan</p><p>teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi berasaskan model TAM dalam pengajaran</p><p>mata pelajaran bahasa Tamil. Jurnal kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik.4(2).</p><p>31-41.</p><p></p><p>Soffer, T., Kahan, T., & Livne, E. (2017). E-assessment of online academic courses via</p><p>students activities and perceptions. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 54, 83</p><p>93.</p><p></p><p>Sophocleous, S. (2017). L2 assessment and testing teacher education: an exploration</p><p>of alternative assessment approaches using new technologies. Short Papers</p><p>from EUROCALL: Call in a Climate of Change, 248253.</p><p></p><p>Srensen, T. B., & Robertson, S. L. (2018). Reframing teachers work for global</p><p>competitiveness: New global hierarchies in the governing of education. The</p><p>Wiley Handbook of Global Educational Reform, 87-111.</p><p></p><p>Stan, L. C. (2014). Online Teaching Technique in Maritime Learning Process. Procedia</p><p>- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 45174520.</p><p></p><p>Steinert, Y., OSullivan, P. S., & Irby, D. M. (2019). Strengthening teachers</p><p>professional identities through faculty development. Academic Medicine, 94(7),</p><p>963-968.</p><p></p><p>Sternberg, R. (1997). Applying psychological theories to educational practice.</p><p>American Education Research Journal, 45(1), 150-166).</p><p></p><p>Strommen, Erik F., Lincoln, Bruce. (1992). Constructivism, Technology, and the</p><p>Future of Classroom Learning. Institute of Education Sciences, 24 (4), 66-76</p><p></p><p>Sumrall, J. L., Clary, R. M., & Larson, E. B. (2017). Influence of Geographic Affiliation</p><p>on Student Performance in Online Geology and Meteorology Courses. Journal</p><p>of Geoscience Education, 65, 336345.</p><p></p><p>Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM). (2015). Internet Users</p><p>Survey 2014. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Internet-Users-</p><p>Survey-2014.pdf</p><p></p><p>Suzlina Hilwani Baharuddin & Jamaludin Badusah. (2016). Tahap pengetahuan,</p><p>kemahiran dan sikap guru sekolah menengah terhadap penggunaan web 2.0</p><p>dalam pengajaran bahasa melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 6(2), 33-</p><p>43.</p><p></p><p>Swallow, M. J. C. (2017). The Influence of Technology on Teaching Practices at a</p><p>Catholic School. Journal of Catholic Education, 20(2), 154-176.</p><p></p><p>Syed Lamsah Syed Chear, & Muhammad Yusoff Mohd Nor. (2020). Intervensi</p><p>pembelajaran di portal e-Pembelajaran melalui aplikasi Whatsapp dan Telegram</p><p>berdasarkan Model Lima Fasa Needham. Evaluation Studies in Social Sciences.</p><p>9, 11-27</p><p></p><p>Tariq, M. A. (2013). Engaging Professionals: Investigating in Service Teachers Use of</p><p>Formative Classroom Assessment. Universal Journal of Educational Research,</p><p>1(4), 318322.</p><p></p><p>Tajeddin, Z., Alemi, M., & Yasaei, H. (2018). Language Teaching Research Classroom</p><p>Assessment Literacy for Speaking: Exploring Novice and Experienced English</p><p>Language Teachers Knowledge and Practice. Iranian Journal of Language</p><p>Teaching Research, 6(3), 5777.</p><p></p><p>Tan, A. L., Chang, C. H., & Teng, P. (2015). Tensions and dilemmas in teacher</p><p>professional development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174,</p><p>1583-1591.</p><p></p><p>Teeroovengadum, V., Heeraman, N., & Jugurnath, B. (2017). Examining the</p><p>antecedents of ICT adoption in education using an extended technology</p><p>acceptance model (TAM). International Journal of Education and Development</p><p>Using ICT, 13(3).</p><p></p><p>Thammasaeng, P., Pupat, P., & Petchaboon, S. (2016). Needs assessment of</p><p>information and communication technology literacy (ICT literacy) of students</p><p>in secondary educational service area. International Journal of Emerging</p><p>Technologies in Learning, 11(12), 913.</p><p></p><p>Thang, S., Murugaiah, P., Lee, K. W., Azman, H., Tan, L., & Lee, Y. S. (2014).</p><p>Grappling with Technology: A case of supporting Smart School Teachers'</p><p>Professional Development. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 26</p><p>(3), 400-416.</p><p></p><p>Thang, S. M., Nambiar, R. M., Wong, F. F., Jaafar, N. M., & Amir, Z. (2015). A</p><p>clamour for more technology in universities: What does an investigation into</p><p>the ICT use and learning styles of Malaysian Digital Natives tell us?. The</p><p>Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 24(2), 353-361.</p><p></p><p>Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E., Glasziou, P. (2015). Prevalence of</p><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A systematic review and metaanalysis,</p><p>135, 2014-3482</p><p></p><p>Thomas, R. K. (1997). Correcting some Pavlovian regarding "Pavlov's bell" and</p><p>Pavlov's "mugging." American Journal of Psychology, 110, 115-125.</p><p></p><p>Tondeur, J., Forkosh-Baruch, A., Prestridge, S., Albion, P., & Edirisinghe, S. (2016).</p><p>Responding to challenges in teacher professional development for ICT</p><p>integration in education. Educational Technology and Society, 19(3), 110-120.</p><p></p><p>Tonui, B., Kerich, E., & Koross, R. (2016). An Investigation into Implementation of</p><p>ICT in Primary Schools, in Kenya, in the Light of Free Laptops at Primary One</p><p>A Case Study of Teachers Implementing ICT into Their Teaching Practice.</p><p>Journal of Education and Practice, 7(13), 1216.</p><p></p><p>Thousand Oaks. (2013). Assessment of learning, for learning and as learning.</p><p>Learning, Teaching and Assessment Guide. CA: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Tosuncuoglu, I. (2018). Importance of Assessment in ELT. Journal of Education and</p><p>Training Studies, 6(9), 163167.</p><p></p><p>Umar, I. N., & Hassan, A. S. A. (2015). Malaysian Teachers Levels of ICT Integration</p><p>and Its Perceived Impact on Teaching and Learning. Journal of Procedia -</p><p>Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 20152021.</p><p></p><p>Uluyol, ., & Sahin, S. (2016). Elementary school teachers' ICT use in the classroom</p><p>and their motivators for using ICT. British Journal of Educational Technology,</p><p>47(1), 65-75.</p><p></p><p>Umar, I. N., & Yusoff, M. T. M. (2014). A study on Malaysian teachers level of ICT</p><p>skills and practices, and its impact on teaching and learning. Procedia-Social</p><p>and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 979-984.</p><p></p><p>Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S. (2018). Characterising and justifying sample size</p><p>sufficiency in interview-based studies: systematic analysis of qualitative health</p><p>research over a 15-year period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18, 148.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0594-7</p><p></p><p>Voelkel Jr, R. H., & Chrispeels, J. H. (2017). Understanding the link between</p><p>professional learning communities and teacher collective efficacy. School</p><p>Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(4), 505-526.</p><p></p><p>Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society : The development of higher psychological</p><p>processes. Harvard University Press: London.</p><p></p><p>Wakefield, J. C. (2007). Is behaviorism becoming a pseudoscience? Replies to Drs.</p><p>Wyatt, Midkiff and Wong. Behavior and Social Issues, 16(2), 170-190.</p><p></p><p>Wan, Y. S. (2020, April). Education during COVID-19. Brief Ideas. Retrieved from</p><p>https://rb.gy/qauewf</p><p></p><p>Watson, J. B. & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Journal of</p><p>Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.</p><p></p><p>Way, A. (2012). The use of e-assessments in the Nigerian higher education system.</p><p>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(4), 140152</p><p></p><p>We Are Social. (2019). Global Digital Report. America : New York. Dimuat turun</p><p>daripada https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019</p><p></p><p>Weegar, M., A., & Pacis, D. (1992). A comparison of two theories of learning</p><p>behaviorism and constructivism as applied to face-to-face and online learning.</p><p>E-Leader Manila, 1-20.</p><p></p><p>Wildschut, Z. (2011). The baseline assessment of Grade 1 learners literacy skills in a</p><p>socio-economically disadvantaged school setting. South African Journal of</p><p>Childhood Education, 119120.</p><p></p><p>Wissinger, J. E., Knutson, C. M., & Javner, C. H. (2020). Designing Impactful Green</p><p>and Sustainable Chemistry Workshops for High School Teachers. In Chemistry</p><p>Education for a Sustainable Society Volume 1: High School, Outreach, &</p><p>Global Perspectives (pp. 1-14). American Chemical Society.</p><p></p><p>Yeo, C. H. (2014). An investigation into the relationship between on-line formative</p><p>assessments and performance of students. e-Journal of Business Education &</p><p>Scholarship of Teaching, 8(1), 1831.</p><p></p><p>Yuankun, Y. (2015). Teacher Perceptions of Classroom Assessment: A focus group</p><p>interview. SRATE Journal, 24(2), 5158.</p><p></p><p>Yunos, M. (2015). Hubungan Sikap dan Persepsi Murid Terhadap Pembelajaran</p><p>Bahasa Melayu dengan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa</p><p>Melayu. Vol.5, Bil. 2 (Nov.2015):22-30.</p><p></p><p>Yusoff, N. (2013). Kursus penghayatan karya agung Melayu dalam program</p><p>pensiswazahan guru sekolah rendah. Literature and Nation Character Building,</p><p>2(5), 19.</p><p></p><p>Yusuf, Y. Q., & Juliana, R. (2017). Perceptions and Barriers to ICT Use Among English</p><p>Teachers in Indonesia. The Journal of Teaching English with Technology,</p><p>18(1), 3-23.</p><p></p><p>Zakaria, A. A., Di, L. Y., & Yunus, M. M. (2017). 21st Century Education in Teaching</p><p>English as a Second Language (ESL) in Malaysia. Prosiding Seminar Serantau,</p><p>8, 382-390.</p><p></p><p>Zhu, C. (2015). Pre-Service Teachers Perceptions of ICT Integration in Teacher</p><p>Education in Turkey. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,</p><p>14(3), 97110.</p><p></p><p>Zhu, C., Wang, D., Cai, Y. H., & Engels, N. (2013). What core competencies are</p><p>related to teachers innovative teaching? Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher</p><p>Education, 41(1), 927.</p><p></p> |