Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan kepimpinan distributifpengetua, kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan(SMK) di Selangor serta hubungan antara ketiga-tiga pembol...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman
Format:	thesis
Language:	zsm
Published:	2022
Subjects:	LB Theory and practice of education
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8511
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8511
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection	UPSI Digital Repository
language	zsm
topic	LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle	LB Theory and practice of education Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
description	<p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pengetua, kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan</p><p>(SMK) di Selangor serta hubungan antara ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah. Kajian ini turut</p><p>bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>terhadap kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan</p><p>kaedah tinjauan. Instrumen kajian diadaptasi daripada instrumen Distributed</p><p>Leadership Inventory (DLI), Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment (TLSA), dan</p><p>Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Seramai 378 orang guru SMK di negeri</p><p>Selangor dipilih sebagai responden kajian menggunakan pensampelan rawak berstrata.</p><p>Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepimpinan distributif pengetua diamalkan pada tahap</p><p>tinggi (M=4.10, SP=0.23), manakala tahap amalan kepimpinan guru juga adalah tinggi</p><p>(M=4.03, SP=0.20). Analisis deskriptif turut mendapati efikasi kendiri guru berada</p><p>pada tahap tinggi (M=4.05, SP=0.18). Ujian korelasi Pearson mendapati hubungan</p><p>yang signifikan positif dan sederhana antara amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>dengan kepimpinan guru (r = .414, p < 0.05). Namun, analisis korelasi menunjukkan</p><p>hubungan signifikan positif yang lemah antara amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>dengan efikasi kendiri guru (r = .241, p < 0.05). Hubungan antara kepimpinan guru dan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru pula didapati signifikan positif dan sederhana (r = .578, p < 0.05).</p><p>Analisis regresi mendapati bahawa ketiga-tiga dimensi dalam amalan kepimpinan</p><p>distributif pengetua iaitu kerjasama pasukan kepimpinan, penyeliaan, dan sokongan</p><p>menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap kepimpinan guru (Y = 2.935 + 0.138X1 +</p><p>0.046X2 + 0.011X3). Namun, hanya dimensi penyeliaan dalam amalan kepimpinan</p><p>distributif pengetua yang menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap efikasi kendiri guru</p><p>(Y = 3.532 + 0.051X1). Manakala, hanya empat dimensi kepimpinan guru iaitu amalan</p><p>pengajaran dan kepimpinan, menerajui perubahan, komunikasi, dan kepelbagaian</p><p>menyumbang secara signifikan kepada efikasi kendiri guru (Y = 2.549 + 0.397X1 +</p><p>0.040X2 + 0.009X3 + 0.006X4). Analisis kajian juga menunjukkan kepimpinan guru</p><p>berperanan sebagai mediator separa dalam hubungan antara kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pengetua dengan efikasi kendiri guru dengan nilai ab = 0.1899, CI (0.1410, 0.2434).</p><p>Kesimpulannya, kepimpinan distributif pengetua mempunyai pengaruh terhadap</p><p>pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru SMK di Selangor. Implikasi</p><p>kajian memberikan indikator bahawa kepimpinan distributif dan kepimpinan guru perlu</p><p>dijadikan budaya dan amalan serta dipertingkat dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru.</p>
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman
author_facet	Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman
author_sort	Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman
title	Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
title_short	Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
title_full	Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
title_fullStr	Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
title_full_unstemmed	Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
title_sort	pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
publishDate	2022
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8511
_version_	1776104533826469888
spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:85112022-12-15 Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan 2022 Nor Lizana Kamaruzaman LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pengetua, kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan</p><p>(SMK) di Selangor serta hubungan antara ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah. Kajian ini turut</p><p>bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>terhadap kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan</p><p>kaedah tinjauan. Instrumen kajian diadaptasi daripada instrumen Distributed</p><p>Leadership Inventory (DLI), Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment (TLSA), dan</p><p>Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Seramai 378 orang guru SMK di negeri</p><p>Selangor dipilih sebagai responden kajian menggunakan pensampelan rawak berstrata.</p><p>Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepimpinan distributif pengetua diamalkan pada tahap</p><p>tinggi (M=4.10, SP=0.23), manakala tahap amalan kepimpinan guru juga adalah tinggi</p><p>(M=4.03, SP=0.20). Analisis deskriptif turut mendapati efikasi kendiri guru berada</p><p>pada tahap tinggi (M=4.05, SP=0.18). Ujian korelasi Pearson mendapati hubungan</p><p>yang signifikan positif dan sederhana antara amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>dengan kepimpinan guru (r = .414, p < 0.05). Namun, analisis korelasi menunjukkan</p><p>hubungan signifikan positif yang lemah antara amalan kepimpinan distributif pengetua</p><p>dengan efikasi kendiri guru (r = .241, p < 0.05). Hubungan antara kepimpinan guru dan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru pula didapati signifikan positif dan sederhana (r = .578, p < 0.05).</p><p>Analisis regresi mendapati bahawa ketiga-tiga dimensi dalam amalan kepimpinan</p><p>distributif pengetua iaitu kerjasama pasukan kepimpinan, penyeliaan, dan sokongan</p><p>menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap kepimpinan guru (Y = 2.935 + 0.138X1 +</p><p>0.046X2 + 0.011X3). Namun, hanya dimensi penyeliaan dalam amalan kepimpinan</p><p>distributif pengetua yang menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap efikasi kendiri guru</p><p>(Y = 3.532 + 0.051X1). Manakala, hanya empat dimensi kepimpinan guru iaitu amalan</p><p>pengajaran dan kepimpinan, menerajui perubahan, komunikasi, dan kepelbagaian</p><p>menyumbang secara signifikan kepada efikasi kendiri guru (Y = 2.549 + 0.397X1 +</p><p>0.040X2 + 0.009X3 + 0.006X4). Analisis kajian juga menunjukkan kepimpinan guru</p><p>berperanan sebagai mediator separa dalam hubungan antara kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pengetua dengan efikasi kendiri guru dengan nilai ab = 0.1899, CI (0.1410, 0.2434).</p><p>Kesimpulannya, kepimpinan distributif pengetua mempunyai pengaruh terhadap</p><p>pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru SMK di Selangor. Implikasi</p><p>kajian memberikan indikator bahawa kepimpinan distributif dan kepimpinan guru perlu</p><p>dijadikan budaya dan amalan serta dipertingkat dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8511 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8511 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi <p>Abbu, H. R. (2017, Oktober). Methodology review: Direct, mediating, and moderating</p><p>analysis using Hayes PROCESS Models. Kertas kerja dibentangkan di Marketing</p><p>Edge Research Summit, Data & Marketing Association (DMA), New Orleans, Los</p><p>Angeles.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Rahim Abdul Rashid, & Zahari Hashim. (2018). Pengaruh kepimpinan</p><p>distributif terhadap efikasi kolektif guru. International Journal of Education,</p><p>Psychology and Counseling, 3(21), 117.</p><p></p><p>Abdullah Sani Yahya, Abdul Rashid Mohamed, & Abd. Ghani Abdullah. (2007). Guru</p><p>Sebagai Pemimpin. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Professional.</p><p></p><p>Acker-Hocevar, M., & Touchton, D. (1999). A model of power as social relationships:</p><p>Teacher leaders describe the phenomena of effective agency in practice. Kertas</p><p>kerja dibentangkan di Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research</p><p>Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</p><p></p><p>Ackerman, R., & Mackenzie, S.V. (2006). Uncovering teacher leadership. Educational</p><p>Leadership, 63(8), 6670.</p><p></p><p>Adams, D. (2018). Mastering theories of educational leadership and management.</p><p>Kuala Lumpur: UM Press.</p><p></p><p>Akert, N., & Martin, B. N. (2012). The role of teacher leaders in school improvement</p><p>through the perceptions of principals and teachers. International Journal of</p><p>Education, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i4.2290</p><p></p><p>Akman, Y. (2021). The relationships among teacher leadership, teacher self-efficacy,</p><p>and teacher performance. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 14(4), 720-</p><p>744. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.930802</p><p></p><p>Al-Harthi, A. S. A., & Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H. (2017). Distributed leadership and school</p><p>effectiveness in Egypt and Oman: An exploratory study. International Journal of</p><p>Educational Management, 31(6), 801-813.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540310456347</p><p></p><p>Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2016). Teachers views of their school climate and its</p><p>relationship with teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Learning Environments</p><p>Research, 19(2), 291307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-015-9198-x</p><p></p><p>Aliakbari, M., & Sadeghi, A. (2014). Iranian teachers perceptions of teacher leadership</p><p>practices in schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership,</p><p>42(4), 576592. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213510500</p><p></p><p>Allinder, R. M. (1994). The relationship between efficacy and the instructional</p><p>practices of special education teachers and consultants. Teacher Education and</p><p>Special Education, 17, 8695. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F088840649401700203</p><p></p><p>Amels, J., Krger, M. L., Suhre, C. J. M., & van Veen, K. (2020). The relationship</p><p>between primary school leaders utilization of distributed leadership and teachers</p><p>capacity to change. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1</p><p>18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915921</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S. (2010). An organizational perspective of distributed leadership: A</p><p>portrait of a middle school. RMLE Online, 33(5), 1-16.</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S. (2017a). Leading beyond the classroom. International Studies in</p><p>Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational</p><p>Administration & Management), 45(3), 101107.</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S. (2017b). Organisational influence of teacher leadership: Perspectives</p><p>from four countries. International Studies in Educational Administration, 45(3),</p><p>15.</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S., & Dehart, C. A. (2010, April). Measuring the extent of teacher</p><p>leadership: Construction, testing, and factors in the Teacher Leadership</p><p>Inventory. Kertas kerja dibentangkan di The American Educational Research</p><p>Association, Denver, CO.</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S., & Dehart, C. A. (2011). Teacher perceptions of teacher leadership:</p><p>Examining differences by experience, degree, and position. NASSP Bulletin,</p><p>95(2), 141160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636511415397</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S., & Dehart, C. A. (2016). Comparison and evaluation of four models of</p><p>teacher leadership. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 1(1),</p><p>85119. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2016.1.4</p><p></p><p>Angelle, P. S., & Teague, G. M. (2014). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy:</p><p>Teacher perceptions in three US school districts. Journal of Educational</p><p>Administration, 52(6), 738753. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2013-0020</p><p></p><p>Arain, A. (2020). Impact of teacher leadership on teacher self-efficacy (Tesis sarjana,</p><p>University of Toronto). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Arsaythamby Velloo, Liu, J., & Khaliza Saidin. (2021). The relationship between</p><p>distributed leadership and teachers organizational commitment in Guangzhou</p><p>City, China. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(3),</p><p>2723-2732.</p><p></p><p>Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2006). Introduction to research</p><p>in education (ed. ke-7). California: Thomson Wadsworth.</p><p></p><p>Asiah Yaacob Khan, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor. (2019). Kepimpinan distributif</p><p>cerminan pemimpin sekolah Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 32(1), 16891699.</p><p></p><p>Aswaniza Shamsudin, & Rosadah Abd Majid. (2018). Efikasi kendiri guru Sekolah</p><p>Dalam Hospital di Malaysia. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 13(3),</p><p>2028.</p><p></p><p>Ata Akdemir, ., & Ayik, A. (2017). The impact of distributed leadership behaviors</p><p>of school principals on the organizational commitment of teachers. Universal</p><p>Journal of Educational Research, 5(12B), 1826.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051402</p><p></p><p>Awanis Mohd, Ainunmadiah Mohd Nawawi, & Siti Noor Ismail. (2016). Tahap efikasi</p><p>guru dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian sekolah di sekolah-sekolah menengah</p><p>dalam daerah Bachok. Proceedings of the ICECRS (Vol. 1, ms. 312326).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.500</p><p></p><p>Azam Othman, & Ali Masum. (2017). Professional development and teacher selfefficacy:</p><p>Learning from Indonesian Modern Islamic Boarding Schools.</p><p>Educational Process: International Journal, 6(2), 719.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2017.62.1</p><p></p><p>Azhar Harun (2016). Hubungan kepimpinan distributif pengetua dan kepimpinan guru</p><p>sekolah menengah Zon Timur Semenanjung Malaysia (Tesis kedoktoran tidak</p><p>diterbitkan). Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Azhar Harun, Ramli Basri, Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2016).</p><p>Hubungan antara amalan kepemimpinan distributif pengetua dan kepemimpinan</p><p>guru di sekolah menengah. International Journal of Education and Training</p><p>(InjET), 2(22), 113. https://doi.org/eISSN 2462-2079</p><p></p><p>Babbie, E. (2014). The basics of social research (ed. ke-6). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth</p><p>Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Bagwell, J. L. (2019). Exploring the leadership practices of elementary school</p><p>principals through a distributed leadership framework: A case study. Educational</p><p>Leadership and Administration: Teaching and Program Development, 30, 83</p><p>103.</p><p></p><p>Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan KPM. (2019). 9 intervensi</p><p>kurangkan bebanan guru. Info Media, 1, 112. https://www.moe.gov.my/muatturun/</p><p>penerbitan-dan-jurnal/infomedia-bppdp/2019-4/2267-infomedia-bil-01-janfeb-</p><p>2019/file</p><p></p><p>Baharuddin Burhan. (2009). Respective approaches in promoting distributive</p><p>leadership in school. Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan</p><p>ke-16. 21-24 Julai. Genting Highlands: Institut Aminuddin Baki, KPM.</p><p></p><p>Baharuzaini Baharin, Muhammad Hisham Adnan, Mohd Hanif Mohd Zin, Mohd</p><p>Norhisyam Kamaludin, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2016). Gaya kepimpinan guru</p><p>besar dan tahap efikasi guru. Journal of Personalized Learning, 2(21), 917.</p><p></p><p>Baidi Baddiri, & Mohd Khairuddin Abdullah. (2017). Analisis kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pengarah dan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan pengajar di Kolej Sains</p><p>Bersekutu Sarawak. International Journal of Education, Psychology and</p><p>Counselling, 2(6), 291299.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive</p><p>theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.</p><p></p><p>Bangs, J., & Frost, D. (2012, Februari). Teacher self-efficacy, voice and leadership:</p><p>Towards a policy framework for Education International. Education International</p><p>Research Institute. https://download.ei-ie.org/Docs/WebDepot/teacher_selfefficacy_</p><p>voice_leadership.pdf</p><p></p><p>Barth, R. S. (2001). Teacher leader. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 443449.</p><p></p><p>Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance. New York: Free Press.</p><p></p><p>Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational</p><p>impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Beisser, S. R., Peters, R. E., & Thacker, V. M. (2014). Balancing passion and priorities:</p><p>An investigation of health and wellness practices of secondary school principals.</p><p>National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin, 98(3), 237-</p><p>255. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.shu.edu/10.1177/0192636514549886</p><p></p><p>Bellibas, M. S., & Liu, Y. (2017). Multilevel analysis of the relationship between</p><p>principals perceived practices of instructional leadership and teachers selfefficacy</p><p>perceptions. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(1), 49-69.</p><p></p><p>Bellibas, M. S., & Liu, Y. (2018). The effects of principals perceived instructional and</p><p>distributed leadership practices on their perceptions of school climate.</p><p>International Journal of Leadership in Education, 21(2), 226244.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2016.1147608</p><p></p><p>Bennett, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. A., & Harvey, J. A. (2003). Distributed leadership: A</p><p>review of literature. National College for School Leadership.</p><p>http://oro.open.ac.uk/8534/1/bennett-distributed-leadership-full.pdf</p><p></p><p>Berry, B., Daughtrey, A., & Wieder, A. (2010, Januari). Teacher leadership: Leading</p><p>the way to effective teaching and learning. Center for Teaching Quality.</p><p>https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509719.pdf</p><p></p><p>Best, J. W. (1977). Research in education. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.</p><p></p><p>Beycioglu, K., & Aslan, B. (2010). Teacher Leadership Scale: A validity and reliability</p><p>study. Elementary Education Online, 9(2), 764-775.</p><p></p><p>Bity Salwana Alias, Ahmad Basri Md. Yussof, Ramlee Mustapha, & Mohammed Sani</p><p>Ibrahim. (2010). Analisis kompetensi pengetua berdasarkan kualiti peribadi,</p><p>pengetahuan, kemahiran dan amalan dalam bidang pengurusan sekolah menengah</p><p>Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 35(2), 3141.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17576/JPEN-2010-</p><p></p><p>Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2000). Effective instructional leadership. Journal of Educational</p><p>Administration, 38(2), 130141. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230010320082</p><p></p><p>Bolden, R. (2007). Distributed leadership. Dlm. Marturano, A. & Gosling, J. (2008)</p><p>(Pnyt.), Leadership: The key concepts (ms. 42-45). London: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Bolden, R. (2011). Distributed leadership in organizations : A review of theory and</p><p>research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13, 251269.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00306.x</p><p></p><p>Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (1992). What makes a team work? Organizational</p><p>Dynamics, 21(2), 34-44.</p><p></p><p>Bowman, R. F. (2004). Teachers as leaders. The Clearing House: A Journal of</p><p>Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 77(5), 187189.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3200/TCHS.77.5.187-189</p><p></p><p>Bray-Clarkes, N., & Bates, R. (2003). Self-efficacy beliefs and teacher effectiveness:</p><p>Implications for profesional development. The Professional Educator, 26(1), 13-</p><p>22.</p><p></p><p>Brooks, J. S., Scribner, J. A. Y. P., & Eferakorho, J. (2004). Teacher leadership in the</p><p>context of whole school reform. Journal of School Leadership, 14(May), 242265.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460401400301</p><p></p><p>Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000). A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and</p><p>perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education, 16(2), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(99)00057-8</p><p></p><p>Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2005). Distributed leadership: The model of choice in the 21st century.</p><p>Educational Forum, 69(2), 143150.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720508984678</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2007) Educational leadership and management: Theory, policy and practice.</p><p>South African Journal of Education, 27(3): 391406.</p><p>http://www.sajournalofeducation.co.za/index.php/saje/article/view/107/29</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2009). Leadership development and school improvement: Contemporary</p><p>issues in leadership development. Educational Review, 61(4), 375389.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910903403956</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2011). Theories of educational leadership and management (ed. ke-4).</p><p>London: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2013). Distributed leadership: The model of choice in the 21st century.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 41(5), 543-544.</p><p></p><p>Bush, T., Abdul Hamid, S., Ng, A., & Kaparou, M. (2018). School leadership theories</p><p>and the Malaysia Education Blueprint: Findings from a systematic literature</p><p>review. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(7), 12451265.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0158</p><p></p><p>Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School leadership: Concepts and evidence. National</p><p>College for School Leadership, Nottingham.</p><p>https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/5119/14/dok217-eng-</p><p>School_Leadership_Concepts_and_Evidence_Redacted.pdf</p><p></p><p>Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2014). School leadership models: What do we know? School</p><p>Leadership & Management, 34(5), 553571.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2014.928680</p><p></p><p>Bush, T., Glover, D., Ng, A., & Romero, M. J. (2016). Master teachers as teacher</p><p>leaders: evidence from Malaysia and the Philippines. International Studies in</p><p>Educational Administration, 43(2), 1940.</p><p></p><p>Bush, T., & Ng, A. Y. M. (2019). Distributed leadership and the Malaysia Education</p><p>Blueprint: From prescription to partial school-based enactment in a highly</p><p>centralised context. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 279295.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/jea-11-2018-0206</p><p></p><p>alik, T., & Kilin, A. . (2012). Examination of relationships between instructional</p><p>leadership of school principals and self-efficacy of teachers and collective teacher</p><p>efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(4), 24982504.</p><p></p><p>Cansoy, R., & Parlar, H. (2018). Examining the relationship between school principals</p><p>instructional leadership behaviors, teacher self- efficacy, and collective teacher</p><p>efficacy. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(4), 550-567.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2017-0089</p><p></p><p>Carpenter, D. (2015). School culture and leadership of professional learning</p><p>communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 29(5), 682- 694.</p><p>doi:10.1108/IJEM-04-2014-0046</p><p></p><p>Chapman, E. (2002). Alternative approaches to assessing student engagement rates.</p><p>Practical Assesment, Research, and Evaluation, 8(13), 1-7.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.7275/3e6e-8353</p><p></p><p>Cheng, A. Y. N., & Szeto, E. (2016). Teacher leadership development and principal</p><p>facilitation: Novice teachers' perspectives. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58,</p><p>140-148.</p><p></p><p>Chou, C.-P., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation</p><p>modeling. Dlm. R. H. Hoyle (Pnyt.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts,</p><p>issues, and applications (ms. 3755). Sage Publications, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006). Research methods. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2009). Advanced research statistics: Regression test, factor analysis and</p><p>SEM analysis. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2014). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan:Ujian univariat dan multivariat.</p><p>Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Chukowry, D. M. C. (2018). Teacher leadership in six secondary schools in Mauritius.</p><p>International Journal of Educational Management, 32(6), 9901000.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0144</p><p></p><p>Clark, J. L. (2016). The self-perception of leadership efficacy of teachers and the effects</p><p>on student achievement (Disertasi kedoktoran, Eastern Michigan University).</p><p>ProQuest LLC.</p><p></p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (ed. ke-</p><p>8). New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Coleman, M., & Earley, P. (2005). Leadership and management in education: Culture,</p><p>change and context. New York: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Cooper, K. S., Stanulis, R. N., Brondyk, S. K., Hamilton, E. R., Macaluso, M., & Meier,</p><p>J. A. (2016). The teacher leadership process: Attempting change within embedded</p><p>systems. Journal of Educational Change, 17(1), 85113.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-015-9262-4</p><p></p><p>Coyle, M. (1997). Teacher leadership vs. school management: Flatten the hierarchies.</p><p>The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 70(5),</p><p>236239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10543923</p><p></p><p>Crawford, M. (2012). Solo and distributed leadership: Definitions and dilemmas.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(5), 610620.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143212451175</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating</p><p>quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson</p><p>Education.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating</p><p>quantitative and qualitative research (ed. ke-3). New Jersey: Pearson Merrill</p><p>Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating</p><p>quantitative and qualitative research (ed. ke-4). Boston: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods</p><p>approaches (ed. ke-4). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Crowther, F., Kaagan, S., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2002). Developing teacher</p><p>leaders: How teacher leadership enhances school success. Thousand Oaks, CA:</p><p>Corwin.</p><p></p><p>Curci, M. E. (2012). An examination of teacher leadership perceptions of teachers and</p><p>building administrators using a comparative case study approach (Disertasi</p><p>kedoktoran, Indiana University of Pennsylvania). ProQuest Dissertations and</p><p>Thesis database. (UMI No. 3499392)</p><p></p><p>Curry, K. A. (2014). Team leadership: It's not for the faint of heart. Journal of Cases in</p><p>Educational Leadership, 17(2), 20-40.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1555458914528909</p><p></p><p>Damanik, E. (2014). Principal leadership style and its impact on school climate and</p><p>teacher self-efficacy in Indonesian schools (Tesis kedoktoran, Curtin University</p><p>of Technology). espace-Curtin's Institutional Repository.</p><p>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/391</p><p></p><p>Dampson, D. G., Havor, F. M., & Laryea, P. (2018). Distributed leadership an</p><p>instrument for school improvement: The study of public senior high schools in</p><p>Ghana. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 5(2), 7985.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17160/josha.5.1.374</p><p></p><p>Daniel, J. (2012). Sampling essentials: Practical guidelines for making sampling</p><p>choices. California: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Darling-hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of</p><p>state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1), 144.</p><p></p><p>Davignon, M. M. (2016). New teachers perceptions of teacher leaders: Trust in the</p><p>educational setting (Tesis kedoktoran, Southern New Hampshire University).</p><p>SNHU Shapiro Library. http://hdl.handle.net/10474/2634</p><p></p><p>Davis, M. D. (2014). The relationship between distributed leadership, school culture,</p><p>and teacher self-efficacy (Disertasi kedoktoran, Grand Canyon University).</p><p>ProQuest LLC.</p><p></p><p>Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership on student outcomes:</p><p>How successful school leaders use transformational and instructional strategies to</p><p>make a difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221258.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15616863</p><p></p><p>Day, C., Harris, A., Hadfield, M., Tolley, H., & Beresford, J. (2000). Leading schools</p><p>in times of change. Buckingham: Open University Press.</p><p></p><p>Dee, J. R., Henkin A. B., & Singleton, C. A. (2006). Organizational commitment of</p><p>teachers in urban schools: Examining the effects of team structures. Urban</p><p>Education, 41(6), 60327.</p><p></p><p>DeMarco, A. L. (2018). The relationship between distributive leadership, school</p><p>culture, and teacher self-efficacy at the middle school level (Disertasi kedoktoran,</p><p>Seton Hall University). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses. (2594).</p><p>https://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3676&context=dissertati</p><p>ons</p><p></p><p>Dembo, M. H., & Gibson, S. (1985). Teachers sense of efficacy: An important factor</p><p>in school improvement. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 173184.</p><p></p><p>Den Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J., & Koopman, P. L. (1997). Transactional versus</p><p>transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational</p><p>and Organizational Psychology, 70(1), 1934. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-</p><p>8325.1997.tb00628.x</p><p></p><p>Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman N. E. D., & Humphrey S. E. (2011). Trait and</p><p>behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta-analytic test of their</p><p>relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 752.</p><p></p><p>Derrington, M. L., & Angelle, P. S. (2013). Teacher leadership and collective efficacy:</p><p>Connections and links. International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 4(1), 113.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</p><p></p><p>Devos, C., Dupriez, V., & Paquay, L. (2012). Does the social working environment</p><p>predict beginning teachers self-efficacy and feelings of depression? Teaching and</p><p>Teacher Education, 28(2), 206217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.09.008</p><p></p><p>Devos, G., Tuytens, M., & Hulpia, H. (2014). Teachers organizational commitment:</p><p>Examining the mediating effects of distributed leadership. American Journal of</p><p>Education, 120(2), 205231. https://doi.org/10.1086/674370</p><p></p><p>Diamond, J. B., & Spillane, J. P. (2016). School leadership and management from a</p><p>distributed perspective: A 2016 retrospective and prospective. Management in</p><p>Education, 30(4), 147-154.</p><p></p><p>Dinham, S., Aubusson, P., & Brady, L. (2008). Distributed leadership as a factor in and</p><p>outcome of teacher action learning. International Electronic Journal for</p><p>Leadership in Learning, 12(4), 113.</p><p></p><p>Diosdado, M. S. M. (2008). Creating better schools through democratic school</p><p>leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 11, 43-62.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120601174311</p><p></p><p>Diranna, K., & Loucks-horsley, S. (2001). Designing programs for teacher leaders:</p><p>The case of the California Science Implementation Network. Columbus, OH:</p><p>ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education.</p><p>(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED465590)</p><p></p><p>Durias, R. F. (2010). Teacher leaders of color: The impact of professional development</p><p>on their leadership (Disertasi kedoktoran, University of California). ProQuest</p><p>LLC.</p><p></p><p>Eden, D. (2001). Who controls teachers? Overt and covert control in schools.</p><p>Educational Management & Administration, 29(1), 97-111.</p><p></p><p>Eden, D., Y. Ganzach, R. Flumin-Granat, & T. Zigman. (2010). Augmenting means</p><p>efficacy to boost performance: Two field experiments. Journal of Management,</p><p>36, 687713.</p><p></p><p>Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. Washington DC:</p><p>The Albert Shanker Institute.</p><p></p><p>Engestrm, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical</p><p>reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), 133156.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080020028747</p><p></p><p>Fackler, S., & Malmberg, L. E. (2016). Teachers self-efficacy in 14 OECD countries:</p><p>Teacher, student group, school and leadership effects. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education, 56, 185195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.03.002</p><p></p><p>Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2012). Spheres of teacher leadership action for</p><p>learning. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 229246.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657865</p><p></p><p>Fauzi Husin, Jamal Ali, & Mohd Saifoul Zamzuri Noor. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan</p><p>dan analisis data SPSS. Sintok: Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Fink, D. (2016). Trust and verify: The real keys to school improvement. London: UCL.</p><p></p><p>Fletcher, J., & Kaufer, K. (2003). Shared leadership: Paradox and possibility. Dlm.</p><p>Pearce, C. & Conger, J. (Pnyt.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys</p><p>of leadership (ms. 21-47). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Flood, L. D., & Angelle, P. S. (2017). Organizational influences of collective efficacy</p><p>and trust on teacher leadership. International Studies in Educational</p><p>Administration, 45(3), 8599.</p><p></p><p>Freeman, G. T. (2011). Spirituality and servant leadership: A conceptual model and</p><p>research proposal. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 4(1), 120-140.</p><p></p><p>Friedman, J. (2006). Culture and global systems. Theory, Culture, & Society, 23(2-3),</p><p>404-406.</p><p></p><p>Friedman, H. (2011). The myth behind the subject leader as a school key player.</p><p>Teachers and Teaching : Theory and Practice, 17(3), 289302.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2011.554701</p><p></p><p>Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: Values and voice. School Leadership and</p><p>Management, 28(4), 337352. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430802292258</p><p></p><p>Frost, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership: Towards a research agenda.</p><p>Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 479498.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764032000122078</p><p></p><p>Fullan, M. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. Toronto: Teachers College</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Fullan, M. (2006). Turnaround leadership. London: RoutledgeFalmer.</p><p>Fullan, M., & Hargreaves, A. (1996). What's worth fighting for in your school? (ed. ke-</p><p>2). New York: Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>Garca Torres, D. (2017). Distributed leadership and teacher job satisfaction in</p><p>Singapore. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(1), 127142.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-12-2016-0140</p><p></p><p>George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and</p><p>reference (ed. ke-10). Boston: Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2018). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam</p><p>pendidikan (ed. ke-2). Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Ghunu, N. M. S., Meirawan, D., & Prihatin, E. (2019). How Indonesian principals</p><p>create and improve teacher s self-efficacy? International Journal of Innovation,</p><p>Creativity and Change, 5(3), 669684.</p><p></p><p>Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership. Dlm. G. Lindzey (Pnyt.), Handbook of social</p><p>psychology (ed. ke-2, ms. 877917). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.</p><p></p><p>Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal</p><p>of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569582.</p><p>https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569</p><p></p><p>Goddard, R. D., Hoy, W. K., & Hoy, A. W. (2007). Collective efficacy beliefs:</p><p>Theoretical developments, empirical evidence, and future directions. Educational</p><p>Researcher, 33(3), 313. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x033003003</p><p></p><p>Goethals, G. R., Sorenson, G. J., & Burns, J. M. (2004). Encyclopedia of leadership.</p><p>Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.</p><p></p><p>Goldstein, J. (2003). Making sense of distributed leadership: The case of peer</p><p>assistance and review. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 397-</p><p>421. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F01623737025004397</p><p></p><p>Goleman, D. (2002). Primal leadership: learning to lead with emotional intelligence.</p><p>Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.</p><p></p><p>Gordon, R.D. (2002). Conceptualizing leadership with respect to its historical</p><p>contextual antecedents to power. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 151167.</p><p></p><p>Gordon, Z. V. (2005). The effect of distributed leadership on student achievement</p><p>(Disertasi kedoktoran tidak diterbitkan). Central Connecticut State University.</p><p></p><p>Goskoy, S. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between shared leadership and</p><p>distributed leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 65, 295-312.</p><p></p><p>Grant, C. (2006). Emerging voices on teacher leadership: Some South African view.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 34(4), 511-532.</p><p></p><p>Greenlee, B. J. (2007). Building teacher leadership capacity through educational</p><p>leadership programs. Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, 4(1), 44-74.</p><p></p><p>Grenda, J. P., & Hackmann, D. G. (2014). Advantages and challenges of distributing</p><p>leadership in middle-level schools. NASSP Bulletin, 98(1), 5374.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636513514108</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 28(3), 317338.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X000283006</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership</p><p>Quarterly, 13(4), 423451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00120-0</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2003). Leadership : Who needs it ? School Leadership and Management,</p><p>23(3), 267290. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243032000112784</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2008). The future of distributed leadership. Journal of Educational</p><p>Administration, 46(2), 141158.</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2010). Hybrid configurations of leadership. Dlm. Bryman, A., Collinson,</p><p>D., & Grint, K., (Pnyt). The SAGE Handbook of Leadership (ms. 437454).</p><p>London: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2016). Fit for purpose no more? Management in Education, 30(4), 168-172.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020616665062</p><p></p><p>Gu, S. L. (2014). The relationships between instructional leadership bahaviour, school</p><p>climate and teacher efficacy in secondary schools in Kedah (Tesis kedoktoran,</p><p>Universiti Utara Malaysia). UUM Electronic Theses and Dissertation.</p><p>http://etd.uum.edu.my/4389/</p><p></p><p>Guskey, T. R., & Passaro, P. (1994). Teacher efficacy: A study of construct dimensions.</p><p>American Educational Research Journal, 31, 627643.</p><p>https://doi:10.3102/00028312031003627</p><p></p><p>Gumus, S., Bellibas, M. S., Esen, M., & Gumus, E. (2018). A systematic review of</p><p>studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 2548.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216659296</p><p></p><p>Gyasi, K. W. (2015). Participative leadership practice in junior high schools and</p><p>actions to improve the practice: A case study of Sekyere south district, Ghana</p><p>(Tesis sarjana, University of Jyvskyl).</p><p></p><p>H Al-Ghanem, N., Braganza, A., & Aldhean, E. (2020). Distributed leadership in</p><p>transformation initiatives: The emergence of network leadership. International</p><p>Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 5(1), 5165.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v5i1.524</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2006). Multivariate data</p><p>analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson International Edition.</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data</p><p>analysis (ed. ke-7). Essex: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2007). Research methods for</p><p>business. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Hairon, S., & Goh, J. W. P. (2015). Pursuing the elusive construct of distributed</p><p>leadership: Is the search over? Educational Management Administration &</p><p>Leadership, 43(5), 693718. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535745</p><p></p><p>Hairuddin Mohd Ali, & Yangaiya, S. A. (2015). Investigating the influence of</p><p>distributed leadership on school effectiveness: A mediating role of teachers</p><p>commitment. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5(1), 163174.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1s1p163</p><p></p><p>Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of</p><p>instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education,</p><p>33(3), 329352. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764032000122005</p><p></p><p>Hallinger, P, & Chen, J. (2015). Review of research on educational leadership and</p><p>management in Asia: A comparative analysis of research topics and methods,</p><p>19952012. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(1), 527.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535744</p><p></p><p>Hallinger, P. & Heck, R. (1999). Can leadership enhance school effectiveness. Dlm.</p><p>Bush et al., (Pnyt.), Educational management: Redefining theory, policy and</p><p>practice (ms. 178190). Los Angeles: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Hallinger, P. & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behaviour</p><p>of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86, 217-247.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/461445</p><p></p><p>Hamidah Yusof, & Hung, C. M. (2018). Hubungan profesionalisme guru dengan</p><p>kepimpinan guru di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina , Sarawak. Management</p><p>Research Journal, 8(1), 112.</p><p></p><p>Hamidah Yusof, Lechumy Vyapuri, Norasibah Abdul Jalil, Mahaliza Mansor, & Mohd</p><p>Asri Mohd Noor. (2017). The factors affecting teacher leadership in Malaysian</p><p>primary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and</p><p>Social Sciences, 7(6), 620631. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i6/3025</p><p></p><p>Hamidah Yusof, Muhamad Nursalam Al-Hafiz Osman, & Mohd Asri Mohd Noor.</p><p>(2016). School culture and its relationship with teacher leadership. International</p><p>Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11), 272-286.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2396</p><p></p><p>Hargreaves, A. (2007). Sustainable leadership and development in education: Creating</p><p>the future, conserving the past. European Journal of Education, 42(2), 223-233.</p><p></p><p>Hargreaves, D. H. (2010). Creating a self-improving school system. National College</p><p>for Leadership of Schools and Childrens Services.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or</p><p>possibility? School Leadership and Management, 23(3), 313324.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243032000112801</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2004). Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or</p><p>misleading? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32(1), 11-</p><p>24.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2007). Distributed leadership: Conceptual confusion and empirical</p><p>evidence. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 10(3), 315325.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2008). Distributed leadership: According to the evidence. Journal of</p><p>Educational Administration, 46(2), 172-188.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2009). Distributed leadership: What we know. Dlm. Harris, A. (Pnyt.),</p><p>Distributed Leadership: Different Perspectives (ms. 11-21). Dordrecht: Springer.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2010). Leading system transformation. School Leadership and</p><p>Management, 30(3), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2010.494080</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2011). Distributed leadership: Implications for the role of the principal.</p><p>Journal of Management Development, 31(1), 7-17.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2013). Distributed leadership: Friend or foe? Educational Management and</p><p>Leadership, 41(5), 545-554.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2015). Teacher leadership. International Encyclopedia of the Social &</p><p>Behavioral Sciences. 24(2), 6063. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-</p><p>8.92135-4</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., Brown, D., & Abbott, I. (2006). Executive leadership: Another lever in the</p><p>system? School Leadership and Management, 26(4), 397-409.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., Day, C., & Hadfield, M. (2003). Teachers perspectives on effective school</p><p>leadership. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 9(1), 6777.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/1354060032000049913</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & DeFlaminis, J. (2016). Distributed leadership in practice: Evidence,</p><p>misconceptions, and possibilities. Management in Education, 30(4), 141146.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., & Hopkins, D. (2007). Distributed</p><p>leadership and organizational change: Reviewing the evidence. Journal of</p><p>Educational Change, 8, 337-347.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2003). Teacher leadership: Principles and practice. National</p><p>College for School Leadership. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/5132</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2004). Improving schools through teacher leadership. London:</p><p>Open University Press.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Spillane, J. P. (2008). Distributed leadership through the looking glass.</p><p>Management in Education, 22(1), 3134.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020607085623</p><p></p><p>Hartley, D. (2010). Paradigms: How far does research in distributed leadership 'stretch'?</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38(3), 271-285.</p><p></p><p>Hasanvand, M. M., Zeinabadi, H. R., Shomami, M. A., & Jafari, Z. (2013). The study</p><p>of relationship between distributed leadership and academic optimism in high</p><p>schools of Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(7), 623630.</p><p></p><p>Hasliza Ibrahim, Siti Noor Ismail, Mohamad Adnan Mohamad Kasim, & Suhaila</p><p>Mohamad. (2016). Iklim sekolah dan efikasi kendiri dalam kalangan guru</p><p>bimbingan dan kaunseling sekolah menengah di Kelantan. Proceeding of ICECRS</p><p>(Vol. 1, ms. 10331042). https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.646</p><p></p><p>Hatcher, R. (2005). The distribution of leadership and power in schools. British Journal</p><p>of Sociology of Education, 26(2), 253267.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569042000294200</p><p></p><p>Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the</p><p>new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420.</p><p></p><p>Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process</p><p>analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.</p><p></p><p>Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and</p><p>moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and</p><p>implementation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 39-57.</p><p></p><p>Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership</p><p>to school improvement and growth in Math achievement. American Educational</p><p>Research Journal, 46(3), 659-689.</p><p></p><p>Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2010). Collaborative leadership effects on school</p><p>improvement: Integrating unidirectional- and reciprocal-effects models. The</p><p>Elementary School Journal, 111(2), 226252. https://doi.org/10.1086/656299</p><p></p><p>Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2014). Modeling the longitudinal effects of school</p><p>leadership on teaching and learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 52(5),</p><p>653681. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2013-0097</p><p></p><p>Heikka, J., Waniganayake, M., & Hujala, E. (2012). Contextualizing distributed</p><p>leadership within early childhood education: Current understandings, research</p><p>evidence and future challenges. Educational Management Administration &</p><p>Leadership, 41(1), 3044.</p><p></p><p>Heller, M. F., & Firestone, W. A. (1995). Who's in charge here? Sources of leadership</p><p>for change in eight schools. The Elementary School Journal, 96(1), 65-86.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/461815</p><p></p><p>Helterbran, V. R. (2010). Teacher leadership: Overcoming I am just a teacher</p><p>syndrome. Education, 131(2), 363372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-</p><p>9280.2006.01804.x</p><p></p><p>Heneman, H. G., Kimball, S., & Milanowski, A. (2006). The teacher sense of efficacy</p><p>scale : Validation evidence and behavioral prediction. (WCER Working Paper</p><p>No. 2006- 7). Madison: University of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin Center for</p><p>Education Research.</p><p>http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/publications/workingPapers/papers.php</p><p></p><p>Hipp, K. (1996). Teacher efficacy: Influence of principal leadership behavior. Kertas</p><p>kerja dibentangkan di The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research</p><p>Association, New York.</p><p></p><p>Hirsh, ., & Segolsson, M. (2019). Enabling teacher-driven school-development and</p><p>collaborative learning: An activity theory-based study of leadership as an</p><p>overarching practice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership,</p><p>47(3), 400420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217739363</p><p></p><p>Ho, J., & Ng, D. (2017). Tensions in distributed leadership. Educational Administration</p><p>Quarterly, 53(2), 223254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16681630</p><p></p><p>Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the Mind.</p><p>London: McGraw-Hill</p><p></p><p>Holloway, J., Nielsen, A., & Saltmarsh, S. (2018). Prescribed distributed leadership in</p><p>the era of accountability: The experiences of mentor teachers. Educational</p><p>Management Administration & Leadership, 46(4), 538555.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216688469</p><p></p><p>Hoxha, L., & Hyseni-Duraku, Z. (2017). The relationship between educational</p><p>leadership and teachers self-efficacy. The European Journal of Social and</p><p>Behavioural Sciences, 20(3), 2508-2519.</p><p></p><p>Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2012). Educational adminstration: Theory, research, and</p><p>practice (ed. ke-9). New York: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Hoy, W. K., Sweetland, S. R., & Smith, P.A. (2002). Toward an organizational model</p><p>of achievement in high schools: The significance of collective efficacy.</p><p>Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 7793.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013161X02381004</p><p></p><p>Hu, K. H., & Ying-leh, L. (2019). Distributive leadership and its relationship to</p><p>organizational commitment in secondary schools of Sarawak. Sumerianz Journal</p><p>of Education, Linguistics and Literature, 2(7), 42-46.</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., & Devos, G. (2009). Exploring the link between distributed leadership and</p><p>job satisfaction of school leaders. Educational Studies, 35(2), 153171.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690802648739</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., & Devos, G. (2010). How distributed leadership can make a difference in</p><p>teachers organizational commitment? A qualitative study. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education, 26, 565575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.08.006</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Rosseel, Y. (2009). Development and validation of scores on</p><p>the Distributed Leadership Inventory. Educational and Psychological</p><p>Measurement, 69(6), 10131034.</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Van Keer, H. (2011). The relation between school leadership</p><p>from a distributed perspective and teachers organizational commitment.</p><p>Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(5), 728771.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11402065</p><p></p><p>Ingersoll, R. M., Sirinides, P., & Dougherty, P. (2018). Leadership matters: Teachers'</p><p>roles in school decision making and school performance. American Educator,</p><p>Spring, 13-17. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1173452.pdf</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2006). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach</p><p>(ed. ke-2). California USA: Thomson Wadsworth.</p><p></p><p>Jamaliah Abdul Hamid, & Norashimah Ismail. (2005). Pengurusan dan kepimpinan</p><p>pendidikan: Teori, polisi dan pelaksanaan. Serdang, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti</p><p>Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Jamalullail Abdul Wahab, Aida Hanim A. Hamid, Surayati Zainal, & Md Fuad Md</p><p>Rafik. (2013). The relationship between headteachers distributed leadership</p><p>practices and teachers motivation in national primary schools. Asian Social</p><p>Science, 9(16), 161167. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n16p161</p><p></p><p>Janary Lumbai, & Shukri Zain. (2016). Pengaruh amalan kepimpinan berstruktur,</p><p>efikasi guru dan norma-norma budaya terhadap keprihatinan guru Sekolah</p><p>Kebangsaan di Sarawak. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,</p><p>1(3), 152183.</p><p></p><p>Jennett, H. K., Harris, S. L., & Mesibov, G. B. (2003). Commitment to philosophy,</p><p>teacher efficacy, and burnout among teachers of children with autism. Journal of</p><p>Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 583593.</p><p></p><p>Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: Sample size for</p><p>pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394400.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164409355692</p><p></p><p>Johnson, S. M., Reinhorn, S. K., Kraft, M. A., & Papay, J. P. (2014). Ready to lead, but</p><p>how? Teachers experiences in high-poverty urban schools. Teachers College</p><p>Record, 116(10), 150.</p><p></p><p>Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2014). Educational research: Quantitative,</p><p>qualitative, and mixed approaches (ed. ke-5). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE</p><p>Publications.</p><p></p><p>Johnston, M. P. (2015). Distributed leadership theory for investigating teacher librarian</p><p>leadership. School Libraries Worldwide, 21(2), 39-57.</p><p></p><p>Jones, M., Adams, D., Hwee Joo, M. T., Muniandy, V., Perera, C. J., & Harris, A.</p><p>(2015). Contemporary challenges and changes: Principals leadership practices in</p><p>Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(3), 353365.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2015.1056591</p><p></p><p>Jung, L. C., & Norasmah Othman. (2018). Amalan penyeliaan dan hubungannya dalam</p><p>meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran guru. International Journal of Education,</p><p>Psychology and Counselling, 3(22), 2848.</p><p></p><p>Kalaivani Muniandy, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2018). Kepimpinan transformasional</p><p>guru besar dan hubungannya dengan tahap efikasi kendiri guru. 11th Language for</p><p>Specific Purposes International Conference (ms. 113121).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.mmj.3</p><p></p><p>Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2001). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping</p><p>teachers develop as leaders (ed. ke-2). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping</p><p>teachers develop as leaders (ed. ke-3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Kelley, R. C., Thornton, B., & Daugherty, R. (2005). Relationships between measures</p><p>of leadership and school climate. Education-Indianapolis Then Chula V, 126(1),</p><p>1725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.08.001</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p>2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Kilin, A. . (2014). Examining the relationship between teacher leadership and school</p><p>climate. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(5), 17291742.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.5.2159</p><p></p><p>Kingstrom, P. O., & Mainstone, L. E. (1985). An investigation of the raterratee</p><p>acquaintance and rater bias. Academy of Management Journal, 28(3), 641653.</p><p></p><p>Kirk, J. M. . (2016). Principal leadership and teachers sense of self -efficacy: A metaanalysis</p><p>(Disertasi kedoktoran, The George Washington University). ProQuest</p><p>LLC.</p><p></p><p>Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers self-efficacy and job</p><p>satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of</p><p>Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741756. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019237</p><p></p><p>Kor, R. (2010). Teachers and principals perceptions of leadership characteristics and</p><p>the relationship of these perceptions to school climate (Tesis kedoktoran, Western</p><p>Connecticut State University). Education Dissertations. 76.</p><p>https://repository.wcsu.edu/educationdis/76?utm_source=repository.wcsu.edu%2</p><p>Feducationdis%2F76&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages</p><p></p><p>Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2012). The leadership challenges: How to make</p><p>extraordinary things happen in organizations. San Francisco, CA: The Leadership</p><p>ChallengeA Willy Brand.</p><p></p><p>Kruse, K. (2013). What Is Leadership? Forbes Magazine.</p><p>https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2013/04/09/what-isleadership/?</p><p>sh=42490d745b90</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R. V, & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities.</p><p>Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 607610.</p><p></p><p>Krger, M. (2009). The big five of school leadership competences in the Netherlands.</p><p>School Leadership and Management, 29(2), 109127.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430902775418</p><p></p><p>Ku Hafisal Ku Mahamud, & Abdull Sukor Shaari. (2020). Penilaian terhadap tahap</p><p>efikasi diri dan pengetahuan isi kandungan dalam kalangan guru Matematik.</p><p>Jurnal Intelek, 15(2), 111.</p><p></p><p>Kurt, T. (2016). A model to explain teacher leadership: The effects of distributed</p><p>leadership model, organizational learning and teachers sense of self-efficacy on</p><p>teacher leadership. Education and Science, 41(183), 128.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.5081</p><p></p><p>Kurt, T., Duyar, ., & alk, T. (2012). Are we legitimate yet? A closer look at the</p><p>casual relationship mechanisms among principal leadership, teacher self-efficacy</p><p>and collective efficacy. Journal of Management Development, 31(1), 71-86.</p><p></p><p>Kushman, J. W. (1992). The organizational dynamics of teacher workplace</p><p>commitment: A study of urban elementary and middle schools. Educational</p><p>Administration Quarterly, 28, 5-42.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X92028001002</p><p></p><p>Lacks, P., & Watson, S. B. (2018). The relationship between school climate and teacher</p><p>self-efficacy in a rural Virginia school system. School Leadership Review, 13(1),</p><p>4858.</p><p></p><p>Larson, L. M., Suzuki, L. A., Gillespie, K. N., Potenza, M. T., Bechtel, M. A., &</p><p>Toulouse A. L. (1992). Development and validation of the Counselling Self-</p><p>Estimate Inventory. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 39(1), 105-120.</p><p>https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.39.1.105</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K. (2005). Educational leadership: A review of the research. Laboratory</p><p>for Student Success (LSS), The Mid Atlantic Regional Educational Laboratory.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., & Hopkins D. (2006). Successful</p><p>school leadership: What it is and how it influences pupil learning. National</p><p>College for School Leadersip.</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238717790_Successful_School_Leader</p><p>ship_What_It_Is_and_How_It_Influences_Pupil_Learning</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2008). Seven strong claims about successful</p><p>school leadership. School Leadership and Management, 28(1), 2742.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701800060</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999). Transformational school leadership effects: A</p><p>replication. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 10(4), 451479.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.00431-0</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2000). Principal and teacher leadership effects: A</p><p>replication. School Leadership and Management, 20(4), 415-434.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D., Earl, L., Watson, N., Levin, B., & Fullan, M. (2004).</p><p>Strategic leadership for large-scale reform: The case of Englands national literacy</p><p>and numeracy strategy. School Leadership and Management, 24(1), 5779.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243042000172822</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D., & Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing leadership for changing</p><p>times. Philadelphia: Open University Press.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., & Mascall, B. (2008). Collective leadership effects on student</p><p>achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44, 529-561.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321221</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Mascall, B., & Strauss, T. (2009). Distributed leadership according to</p><p>the evidence. New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Mascall, B., Strauss, T., Sacks, R., Memon, N., & Yashkina, A. (2007).</p><p>Distributing leadership to make schools smarter: Taking the ego out of the system.</p><p>Leadership and Policy in Schools, 6(1), 3767.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760601091267</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., Louis, K. S., Anderson, S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2004). How leadership</p><p>influences student learning. New York: The Wallace Foundation.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., & Riehl, C. (2005). What we know about successful school leadership.</p><p>Philadelphia, PA: Laboratory for Student Success, Temple University.</p><p></p><p>Li, L., & Liu, Y. (2020). An integrated model of principal transformational leadership</p><p>and teacher leadership that is related to teacher self-efficacy and student academic</p><p>performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1-18.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1806036</p><p></p><p>Lindahl, R. (2008). Shared leadership: Can it work in schools? The Educational Forum,</p><p>72(4), 298-307.</p><p></p><p>Liu, Y., Belliba, M. ., & Gm, S. (2020). The effect of instructional leadership and</p><p>distributed leadership on teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Mediating roles</p><p>of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration. Educational Management</p><p>Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 430453.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220910438</p><p></p><p>Liu, Y., Bellibas, M. S., & Printy, S. (2018). How school context and educator</p><p>characteristics predict distributed leadership: A hierarchical structural equation</p><p>model with 2013 TALIS data. Educational Management Administration &</p><p>Leadership, 46(3), 401423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216665839</p><p></p><p>Liu, Y., & Printy, S. M. (2017). Distributed leadership and educator attitudes. Dlm. T.</p><p>S. Ransaw & R. Majors (Pnyt.), Emerging issues and trends in education (ms.</p><p>143 180). Michigan State University Press.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.14321/j.ctt1qd8zjk.11</p><p></p><p>Liu, X. S., & Ramsey, J. (2008). Teachers job satisfaction: Analyses of the teacher</p><p>follow-up survey in the United States for 2000 2001. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education, 24, 11731184.</p><p></p><p>Logavalli Balakrishnan, & Jamallul Lail Bin Abdul Wahab. (2018). Amalan</p><p>kepimpinan distributif penyelia dan hubungannya dengan motivasi guru di sekolah</p><p>dalam hospital (SDH) di Malaysia. 11th Language for Specific Purposes (LSPGABC)</p><p>International Conference 2018.</p><p>https://seminar.utmspace.edu.my/lspgabc2018/Doc/16.pdf</p><p></p><p>Lokman Mohd Tahir, Lee, S. L., Mohammed Borhandden Musah, Hadijah Jaffri, Mohd</p><p>Nihra Haruzuan Mohamad Said, & Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin. (2016). Challenges</p><p>in distributed leadership: Evidence from the perspective of headteachers.</p><p>International Journal of Educational Management, 30(6), 848-863.</p><p></p><p>Lovelace, J. B., & Hunter, S. T. (2013). Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic</p><p>leaders influence on subordinate creative performance across the creative process.</p><p>Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 5974.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2013.752228</p><p></p><p>Lumby, J. (2009). Collective leadership of local school systems: Power, autonomy and</p><p>ethics. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(3), 310328.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143209102782</p><p></p><p>Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership: A positive developmental</p><p>approach. Dlm. K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Pnyt.), Positive</p><p>Organisational Scholarship (ms. 241261). San Francisco, CA: Barrett-Koehler.</p><p></p><p>Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing</p><p>Research, 35, 382385.</p><p></p><p>MacBeath, J. (2005). Leadership as distributed: A matter of practice. School Leadership</p><p>and Management, 25(4), 349366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13634230500197165</p><p></p><p>MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York:</p><p>Earlbaum.</p><p></p><p>Mahaliza Mansor, Jamal@Nordin Yunus, & Yuet, F. K. C. (2018). Validity and</p><p>reliability of the teacher leadership inventory in Malaysian educational context.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and</p><p>Development, 7(3), 480488. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i3/4566</p><p></p><p>Mahaliza Mansor, Mohd Asri Mohd Noor, Khalip Musa, & Hamidah Yusof. (2018).</p><p>Pembinaan, kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan inventori kepimpinan guru.</p><p>Management Research Journal, 8(1), 132145.</p><p></p><p>Mangin, M. M. (2005). Distributed leadership and the culture of schools: Teacher</p><p>leaders strategies for gaining access to classroom. Journal of School Leadership,</p><p>15(4), 456484. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460501500405</p><p></p><p>Mardhiah Johari, & Rabiatul-Adawiah Ahmad Rashid. (2016). Hubungan kualiti</p><p>penyeliaan pengajaran dengan efikasi kendiri guru. Jurnal Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 3(3), 3246. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw029</p><p></p><p>Margolis, J. (2012). Hybrid teacher leaders and the new professional development</p><p>ecology. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 291315.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657874</p><p></p><p>Marks, M. H., & Printy, M. S. (2003). Principal leadership and school performance: An</p><p>integration of transformational and instructional leadership. Educational</p><p>Administration Quarterly, 39(3), 370-397.</p><p></p><p>Marlia Jamail, & Yahya Don. (2016). Praktis kepimpinan distributif dan komitmen</p><p>terhadap organisasi berdasarkan kohort generasi guru. International Seminar on</p><p>Generating Knowledge Through Research (Vol. 1, ms. 275286).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.612</p><p></p><p>Mascall, B., Leithwood, K., Straus, T., & Sacks, R. (2008). The relationship between</p><p>distributed leadership and teachers academic optimism. Journal of Educational</p><p>Administration, 46(2), 214228. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810863271</p><p></p><p>Masturah Zainal Abidin, & Khalip Musa. (2018). Pengaruh efikasi kendiri guru pra</p><p>perkhidmatan terhadap kesediaan kepimpinan guru. Management Research</p><p>Journal, 8(1), 117125.</p><p></p><p>May, D. R., Hodges, T. D., Chan, A. Y. L., & Avolio, B. J. (2003). Developing the</p><p>moral component of authentic leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 32(3), 247</p><p>260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(03)00032-9</p><p></p><p>Mayrowetz, D. (2008). Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple</p><p>usages of the concept in the field. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(3),</p><p>424435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X07309480</p><p></p><p>McCarty, D., Wallin, P., & Boggan, M. (2014). Shared leadership model for 21st</p><p>century schools: Principal and counselor collaborative laedrship. National Forum</p><p>of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 32(4), 1-9.</p><p></p><p>Mehdinezhad, V., & Mansouri, M. (2016). School principals leadership behaviours</p><p>and its relation with teachers sense of self-efficacy. International Journal of</p><p>Instruction, 9(2), 5160. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2016.924a</p><p></p><p>Mohd Fadzil Jamil, & Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah. (2019). The effects of distributed</p><p>leadership on teachers' collective efficacy and professional learning community.</p><p>International Journal of Educational Best Practices, 3(2), 10-27.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah, Zuraidah Muda, & Bity Salwana Alias. (2018). Amalan</p><p>kepimpinan distributif dan hubungannya dengan model psikologi guru di sekolah</p><p>menengah daerah Putrajaya. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan,</p><p>33(2), 1927.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Majid Konting. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan</p><p>Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Norakmar Omar, Siti Noor Ismail, & Abd Latif Kasim. (2019). Hubungan</p><p>kepimpinan teknologi pengetua dan efikasi kendiri guru. Jurnal IPDA, 6(4), 121.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Yusaini Yaakub, & Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah. (2020). Kepimpinan distributif</p><p>pemimpin sekolah: Isu dan cabaran. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 33(1), 1020.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Yusaini Yaakub, Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah, & Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor.</p><p>(2020). Pengesahan instrumen soal selidik kepimpinan distributif menggunakan</p><p>kaedah Fuzzy Delphi. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 7(2), 5870.</p><p></p><p>Mok, S. S. (2009). Psikologi pendidikan dan pedagogi: Murid dan alam belajar.</p><p>Selangor: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Monjong, N. E., & Fon, T. P. (2016). A study of teachers perceptions of involvement</p><p>in decision making within secondary schools in Cameroon. Journal of Educational</p><p>and Social Research, 6(2), 165176. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n2p165</p><p></p><p>Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadershipImprovement through</p><p>empowerment? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 31(4),</p><p>437448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X030314007</p><p></p><p>Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership</p><p>in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 961972.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010</p><p></p><p>Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2007). Teacher leadership in action. Educational Management</p><p>Administration & Leadership, 35(1), 111134.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207071387</p><p></p><p>Muncey, D. E., & Conley, S. (1999). Teacher compensation and teacher teaming:</p><p>Sketching the terrain. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 12(4), 365</p><p>385.</p><p></p><p>Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. Thousand</p><p>Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Nafia, Z. I., & Suyatno, S. (2020). The effect of teachers leadership on students </p><p>motivation in Al-Islam Tambakbayan Elementary School. Universal Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, 8(5), 19071915.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080527</p><p></p><p>Naicker, S. R., & Mestry, R. (2013). Teachers reflections on distributive leadership in</p><p>public primary schools in Soweto. South African Journal of Education, 33(2), 1-</p><p>15.</p><p></p><p>Namazi, M., & Namazi, N.-R. (2016). Conceptual analysis of moderator and mediator</p><p>variables in business research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 36(16), 540</p><p>554. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30064-8</p><p></p><p>Neuman, M., & Simmons, W. (2000). Leadership for student learning. Phi Delta</p><p>Kappan, 82(1), 9 - 12.</p><p></p><p>Newsom, J. T. (2020). Psy 523/623 Structural Equation Modelling: Testing mediation</p><p>with regression analysis. http://web.pdx.edu/~newsomj/semclass/</p><p></p><p>Ng, A. Y. (2016). School leadership preparation in Malaysia: Aims , content and</p><p>impact. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(6), 1002</p><p>1019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216662922</p><p></p><p>Ngang, T. K. (2011). A comparative study on teacher leadership in special education</p><p>classroom between China and Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 31, 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.047</p><p></p><p>Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher</p><p>leadership. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 6080.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2018-0023</p><p></p><p>Nie, Y., Lau, S., & Liau, A. K. (2012). The teacher efficacy scale: A reliability and</p><p>validity study. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 21(2), 414421.</p><p>https://repository.nie.edu.sg/bitstream/10497/14287/1/TAPER-21-2-414.pdf</p><p></p><p>Noornajihan Jaafar, & Ab. Halim Tamuri. (2014). Hubungan antara efikasi kendiri</p><p>dengan kualiti guru Pendidikan Islam Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Journal of Islamic and Arabic Education, 5(1), 41-60.</p><p></p><p>Noor Zaliani Khozan, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2017). Gaya kepimpinan pengetua</p><p>dan efikasi kendiri guru di sebuah sekolah menengah luar bandar di daerah Hulu</p><p>Langat, Selangor. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 1(1), 1-14.</p><p></p><p>Noor Zaliani Khozan, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2017). Kompetensi guru besar dan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru sekolah rendah di daerah Padang Terap, Kedah. Prosiding</p><p>Seminar Pendidikan Serantau ke-VIII (ms. 5966).</p><p></p><p>Norashdimah Misdi, Bambang Sumintono, & ZuraidahAbdullah. (2019).</p><p>Kepemimpinan guru Kolej MARA: Satu kajian kes. Jurnal Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 6(3), 53-64.</p><p></p><p>Norashikin Abu Bakar, Ramli Basri, & Foo, S. F. (2015). Hubungan kepimpinan guru</p><p>dengan pencapaian akademik pelajar. International Journal of Education and</p><p>Training (InjET), 1(2), 111.</p><p></p><p>Norasmah Othman, & Rofilah Md. Said. (2013). Tahap kesediaan guru sekolah</p><p>menengah harian mengamalkan kepimpinan tersebar. Jurnal Teknologi, 64(1),</p><p>93100.</p><p></p><p>Nordiana Khalid. (2018). Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar wanita dengan</p><p>komitmen guru di sekolah-sekolah Wilayah Keramat Kuala Lumpur (Tesis</p><p>sarjana, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris). UPSI Digital Repository.</p><p></p><p>Norhasliza Abdullah, & Hazalizah Hamzah. (2016). Pengaruh jantina dan dimensi</p><p>personaliti guru ke atas efikasi kendiri guru sekolah rendah. Proceedings of the</p><p>International Conference Teaching and Learning, Sultan Idris Education</p><p>University (ms. 188-195).</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292614911_Pengaruh_Dimensi_Person</p><p>aliti_Dan_Gaya_Pengajaran_Ke_Atas_Efikasi_Kendiri_Guru_Matematik_Sekol</p><p>ah_Rendah</p><p></p><p>Norlela Ali, & Mohd Muniam Mahmud. (2015). Pengaruh kualiti penyeliaan</p><p>pengajaran dan pembelajaran ke atas efikasi guru. Seminar Penyelidikan</p><p>Pendidikan Zon Tengah 2014. https://vdocuments.net/pengaruh-kualitipenyeliaan-</p><p>pengajaran-dan-penyelidikan-adalah-menggunakan.html</p><p></p><p>Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Nur Syukri Hidayati Che Omar, & Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah. (2020). Pengaruh</p><p>kepimpinan distributif guru besar terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. International</p><p>Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 2(2), 109123.</p><p></p><p>Nurahimah Mohd Yusoff, & Rafisah Osman. (2010). Hubungan kualiti penyeliaan</p><p>pengajaran dan pembelajaran di bilik darjah dengan efikasi guru. Asia Pacific</p><p>Journal of Educators and Education, 25(3), 5371.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i7/3125</p><p></p><p>Nurulaim Asyikin Zakaria, & Suhaida Abdul Kadir. (2013). Kepimpinan distributif</p><p>sekolah menengah di daerah Kangar, Perlis. Seminar Pasca Siswazah Dalam</p><p>Pendidikan (GREDUC 2013) (ms. 131136). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Nurulain Hamzah, Mohd Asri Mohd Noor, & Hamidah Yusof. (2016). Teacher</p><p>leadership concept: A review of literature. International Journal of Academic</p><p>Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(12).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v6-i12/2483</p><p></p><p>Nurulakhma Yahya, Harun Baharudin, & Mohd Isa Hamzah. (2018). Efikasi kendiri</p><p>guru dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab. Malaysian Online Journal of Education,</p><p>2(1), 1017.</p><p></p><p>ONeill, S. C., & Stephenson, J. (2011). The measurement of classroom management</p><p>self-efficacy: A review of measurement instrument development and influences.</p><p>Educational Psychology, 31(3), 261299.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.545344</p><p></p><p>Obadara, O. E. (2013). Relationship between distributed leadership and sustainable</p><p>school improvement. International Journal Education Science, 5(1), 6974.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2013.11890063</p><p></p><p>Olsen, B. (2008). How reasons for entry into the profession illuminate teacher identity</p><p>development. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(3), 2340.</p><p></p><p>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2012). PISA 2012</p><p>Results in Focus. OECD, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-</p><p>2012-results-overview.pdf</p><p></p><p>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2014). TALIS</p><p>2013 Results: An international perspective on teaching and learning. Paris: OECD</p><p>Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Othman Talib. (2015). Analisis data kuantitatif untuk penyelidik muda. Bandar Baru</p><p>Bangi: MPWS Rich Publication.</p><p></p><p>Othman Talib. (2013). Asas penulisan tesis, penyelidikan & statistik. Serdang:</p><p>Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.</p><p></p><p>Othman Talib. (2014). Tulis tesis cepat: Teknik efektif dan efisyen!. Bandar Baru Bangi:</p><p>MPWS Rich Publication.</p><p></p><p>zdemir, M., & Demirciolu, E. (2015). Distributed leadership and contract relations:</p><p>Evidence from Turkish high schools. Educational Management Administration &</p><p>Leadership, 43(6), 918938. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214543207</p><p></p><p>zer, N., & Beyciolu, K. (2013). The development, validity and reliability study of</p><p>distributed leadership scale. Elementary Education Online, 12(1), 7786.</p><p></p><p>Pajares, F. (2002). Overview of Social Cognitive Theory and of self-efficacy.</p><p>http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/eff.html</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using</p><p>the SPSS program (ed. ke-4). Berkshire: Allen & Unwin.</p><p></p><p>Pan, H., & Chen, W. (2020). How principal leadership facilitates teacher learning</p><p>through teacher leadership: Determining the critical path. Educational</p><p>Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 454-470.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220913553</p><p></p><p>Park, J-H., & Ham, S-H. (2014). Whose perception of principal instructional</p><p>leadership? Principal- teacher perceptual (dis) agreement and its influence on</p><p>teacher collaboration. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(3), 450469.</p><p>doi=10.1080/02188791.2014.961895</p><p></p><p>Parker, G. M. (1990). Team players and teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.</p><p></p><p>Pearce, C. L. (2004). The future of leadership: Combining vertical and shared</p><p>leadership to transform knowledge work. Academy of Management Executive, 18,</p><p>47-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AME.2004.12690298</p><p></p><p>Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys</p><p>of leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A., & Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory. The</p><p>Leadership Quarterly, 19, 622-628.</p><p></p><p>Peker, M., Erol, R., & Gultekin, M. (2018). Investigation of the teacher self-efficacy</p><p>beliefs of Math teachers. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(4),</p><p>111.</p><p></p><p>Phelps, P. H. (2008). Helping teachers become leaders. The Clearing House: A Journal</p><p>of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 81(3), 119-122.</p><p></p><p>Poh, L. N., Kin, T. M., & Omar Abdull Kareem. (2019). Amalan kepimpinan teragih</p><p>di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina di Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Dunia</p><p>Pendidikan, 1(3), 112.</p><p></p><p>Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of</p><p>content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health,</p><p>30(4), 459467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199</p><p></p><p>Porter, A. C., Polikoff, M. S., Goldring, E., Murphy, J., Elliott, S. N., & May, H. (2010).</p><p>Developing a psychometrically sound assessment of school leadership: The VALED</p><p>as a case study. Educational Administration Quarterly, 46(2), 135-173.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510361747</p><p></p><p>Printy, S., & Liu, Y. (2020). Distributed leadership globally: The interactive nature of</p><p>principal and teacher leadership in 32 Countries. Educational Administration</p><p>Quarterly, 57(2), 290325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X20926548</p><p></p><p>Protheroe, N. (2008). Teacher efficacy: What is it and does it matter? Principal, 87(5),</p><p>4245. http://www.naesp.org/resources/1/Principal/2008/M-Jp42.pdf</p><p></p><p>Puspanathan Mayan, & Mahaliza Mansor. (2020). Hubungan antara amalan</p><p>kepimpinan distributif dengan efikasi kendiri dan komuniti pembelajaran</p><p>profesional guru di Kuala Lumpur. Management Research Journal, 9(2), 7083.</p><p></p><p>Quah C. S., & Wan Asmiza Wan Mohamed (2012). Kajian keberkesanan program</p><p>PGCE dalam membantu pemimpin sekolah cluster kecemerlangan memimpin dan</p><p>mengurus institusi pendidikan di Malaysia. Institut Aminuddin Baki.</p><p></p><p>Rahimah Ahmad, & Ghavifekr, S. (2014). School leadership for the 21st Century: A</p><p>conceptual overview. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management,</p><p>2(1), 4861.</p><p></p><p>Rajoo Arokiasamay. (2013). Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif sebagai moderator</p><p>terhadap hubungan antara penglibatan guru dalam membuat keputusan dan</p><p>efikasi kendiri guru (Tesis kedoktoran, Universiti Sains Malaysia). Open Access</p><p>Repository of USM Research and Publication.</p><p>http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/29941</p><p></p><p>Ramlee Ismail, Jamal @ Nordin Yunus, & Marinah Awang. (2020). Analisis data dan</p><p>pelaporan dalam penyelidikan. Tanjung Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan</p><p>Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Riggs, R. (2017). Correlational study between teacher perceived high school principal</p><p>leadership style and teacher self-efficacy (Tesis kedoktoran, Grand Canyon</p><p>University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.</p><p>http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc15&NEW</p><p>S=N&AN=2017-54451-150</p><p></p><p>Robert, L., & You, S. (2013). Are you satisfied yet? Shared leadership, trust and</p><p>individual satisfaction in virtual teams. iConference 2013 Proceedings (ms. 461-</p><p>466). doi:10.9776/13255</p><p></p><p>Robinson, V. M. J., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2008). The impact of leadership on</p><p>student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types.</p><p>Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635674.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321509</p><p></p><p>Rosidah Ramli, & Nurahimah Mohd. Yusoff. (2020). Self-efficacy and differentiated</p><p>instruction: A study among Malaysian school teachers. Universal Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, 8(4), 12521260.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080416</p><p></p><p>Roslee Talip, & Tiop, T. A. (2020). Kesan komitmen organisasi pendidikan sebagai</p><p>moderator ke atas hubungan kepimpinan teknologi pengetua dalam pengurusan</p><p>kurikulum dengan efikasi kendiri guru. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and</p><p>Humanities, 5(3), 3046.</p><p></p><p>Roslina Abdul Rashid, & Mahaliza Mansor. (2018). The influence of organizational</p><p>learning on teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in</p><p>Business & Social Sciences, 8(4), 12541267.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4236</p><p></p><p>Rosliza Husin, & Mua'azam Mohamad. (2019). Distributive leadership and work</p><p>commitment among secondary school leaders. Asian Journal of Education and</p><p>Social Studies, 5(4), 1-11.</p><p></p><p>Rosnarizah Abdul Halim, & Hussein Hj Ahmad. (2015). Kepemimpinan distributif,</p><p>faktor kontekstual dan efikasi kendiri guru di Malaysia. Jurnal Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 2(4), 4761.</p><p></p><p>Rosnarizah Abdul Halim, & Zulkifli Abdul Manaf. (2009). Prevalens kepimpinan</p><p>distributif di sekolah-sekolah menengah terpilih di Malaysia. Seminar Nasional</p><p>Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan Ke 16 Tahun 2009,Institut Aminuddin</p><p>Baki, Genting Highlands (ms. 119).</p><p></p><p>Ross, L., Lutfi, G. A., & Hope, W. C. (2016). Distributed leadership and teachers</p><p>affective commitment. NASSP Bulletin, 100(3), 159169.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636516681842</p><p></p><p>Rusliza Yahaya, Norsamsinar Samsuddin, Jessnor Elmy Mat Jizat, & Hemini Krishnan.</p><p>(2017). Hubungan antara latihan dalam perkhidmatan dan efikasi kendiri guru.</p><p>International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(6), 3445.</p><p></p><p>Saadiah Shuib, Jamal@Nordin Yunus, & HamidahYusof. (2020). Pembangunan</p><p>profesionalisme guru terhadap efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah di negeri</p><p>Selangor. Evaluation Studies in Social Sciences, 9(2), 3748.</p><p></p><p>Sagnak, M. (2016). Participative leadership and change-oriented organizational</p><p>citizenship: The mediating effect of intrinsic motivation. Eurasian Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, 62, 181-194.</p><p></p><p>Sakz, H., Ekinci, A., & Saram, H. (2019). Teachers perceptions of their school</p><p>managers skills and their own self-efficacy levels. International Journal of</p><p>Leadership in Education, 119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2018.1562094</p><p></p><p>Saleem, A., Aslam, S., Yin, H. B., & Rao, C. (2020). Principal leadership styles and</p><p>teacher job performance: Viewpoint of middle management. Sustainability</p><p>(Switzerland), 12(8), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083390</p><p></p><p>Salleh Hairon. (2017). Teacher leadership in Singapore: The next wave of effective</p><p>leadership. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 2(2), 170194.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2017.2.3</p><p></p><p>Samancioglu, M., Baglibel, M., & Erwin, B. J. (2020). Effects of distributed leadership</p><p>on teachers job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational</p><p>citizenship. Pedagogical Research, 5(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/6439</p><p></p><p>Sanders, M. G. (2006). Missteps in team leadership: The experiences of six novice</p><p>teachers in three urban middle schools. Urban Education, 41(3), 277304.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906287903</p><p></p><p>Sandy Jose. (2019). Kepimpinan distributif dan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan</p><p>guru sekolah kebangsaan di Pitas, Sabah (Tesis sarjana, Universiti Pendidikan</p><p>Sultan Idris). UPSI Digital Repository.</p><p></p><p>Schober, P., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and</p><p>interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 17631768.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864</p><p></p><p>Schott, C., van Roekel, H., & Tummers, L. G. (2020). Teacher leadership: A systematic</p><p>review, methodological quality assessment and conceptual framework.</p><p>Educational Research Review, 31, 1-24.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100352</p><p></p><p>Sebastian, J., Huang, H., & Allensworth, E. (2017). Examining integrated leadership</p><p>systems in high schools: connecting principal and teacher leadership to</p><p>organizational processes and student outcomes. School Effectiveness and School</p><p>Improvement, 28(3), 463488. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1319392</p><p></p><p>Sehgal, P., Nambudiri, R., & Mishra, S. K. (2017). Teacher effectiveness through selfefficacy,</p><p>collaboration and principal leadership. International Journal of</p><p>Educational Management, 31(4), 271286. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-</p><p>2016-0053</p><p></p><p>Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (ed. ke-</p><p>4). New York: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2009). Research methods for business (ed. ke-5). West</p><p>Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). Leadership: Whats in it for schools? London: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Shafinaz A. Maulod. (2017). Hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan</p><p>instruksional pengetua dengan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan</p><p>di Negeri Sembilan (Tesis kedoktoran, Universiti Malaya). University of Malaya</p><p>Students Repository. http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7228/</p><p></p><p>Shaharizal Norwawi. (2018). Leadership practices of high performing principals in</p><p>selected Malaysian secondary schools : Applying normative leadership models</p><p>(Tesis kedoktoran, University of Nottingham). Nottingham eTheses.</p><p></p><p>Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effect of charismatic</p><p>leadership. A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577-594.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577</p><p></p><p>Sharan Kaur Garib Singh, & M. Muzamil Naqshbandi. (2015). Leadership. Dlm. Aida</p><p>Idris, S. Moghavvemi, & Ghazali Musa (Pnyt.), Selected theories in social science</p><p>research (ms. 219231). Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Press.</p><p></p><p>Shen, J., Wu, H., Reeves, P., Zheng, Y., Ryan, L., & Anderson, D. (2020). The</p><p>association between teacher leadership and student achievement: A meta-analysis.</p><p>Educational Research Review, 31, 1-19.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100357</p><p></p><p>Sheppard, B., Hurley, N., & Dibbon, D. (2010, Mei). Distributed leadership, teacher</p><p>morale, and teacher enthusiasm: Unravelling the leadership pathways to school</p><p>success. Kertas kerja dibentangkan di American Educational Research</p><p>Association, Colorado.</p><p></p><p>Shin, L. F. (2020). Kompetensi kepimpinan perubahan pengetua dan efikasi kendiri</p><p>guru: Suatu pemerhatian awal. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and</p><p>Humanities, 5(9), 9097.</p><p></p><p>Silins, H., & Mulford, B. (2002). Schools as learning organisations: The case for</p><p>system, teacher, and student learning. Journal of Educational Administration,</p><p>40(5), 425-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578230210440285</p><p></p><p>Sinha, S., & Hanuscin, D. L. (2017). Development of teacher leadership identity: A</p><p>multiple case study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 356371.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.004</p><p></p><p>Sinirah Ahmad, & Aida Hanim A. Hamid. (2021). Amalan kepimpinan distributif guru</p><p>besar terhadap efikasi kendiri dalam kalangan guru prasekolah. Malaysian Journal</p><p>of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(1), 140150.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i1.609</p><p></p><p>Siti Nazalia Kiprawi, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak, & Megat Ahmad Kamaluddin.</p><p>(2020). Pembinaan model cadangan kecerdasan emosi, pengurusan kualiti, dan</p><p>kompetensi pengetua. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 7(3), 1-19.</p><p></p><p>Siva Rabindarang. (2014). Kepimpinan distributif, komitmen organisasi dan tekanan</p><p>kerja di Kolej Vokasional Malaysia (Tesis kedoktoran, Universiti Pendidikan</p><p>Sultan Idris). UPSI Digital Repository.</p><p></p><p>Smiley, A. M. (1992). Teacher participation in school decision making: Assessing</p><p>willingness to particpate. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(1), 53-</p><p>67.</p><p></p><p>Somech, A. (2003). Relationships of participative leadership with relational</p><p>demography variables: A multi-level perspectives. Journal of Organizational</p><p>Behaviour, 24(8), 1003-1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.225</p><p></p><p>Somech, A. (2005). Directives versus participative leadership. Two complimentary</p><p>approaches to managing school effectiveness. Educational Administration</p><p>Quarterly, 41(5), 777-800.</p><p></p><p>Soresi, S., Nota, L., & Lent, R. W. (2004). Relation of type and amount of training to</p><p>career counseling self-efficacy in Italy. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(3),</p><p>194201. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00641.x</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass</p><p>Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P. (2005). Distributed leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143-150.</p><p>doi:10.1080/00131720508984678</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P. & Diamond, J. B. (2007). Distributed leadership in practice. London:</p><p>Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership</p><p>practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 2328.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003023</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership</p><p>practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 334.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000106726</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J., & Healey, K. (2010). Conceptualizing school leadership and management</p><p>from a distributed perspective: An exploration of some study operations and</p><p>measures. The Elementary School Journal, 111(2), 253-281.</p><p></p><p>Squire-Kelly, V. D. (2012). The relationship between teacher empowerment and</p><p>student achievement (Disertasi kedoktoran, Georgia Southern University).</p><p>https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1406&c</p><p>ontext=etd</p><p></p><p>Stirin, K., Ganzach, Y., Pazy, A., & Eden, D. (2012). The effect of perceived advantage</p><p>and disadvantage on performance. The role of external efficacy. Applied</p><p>Psychology, 61(1), 81-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00457.x</p><p></p><p>Stogdill, R.M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership. A survey of the</p><p>literature. The Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 35-71.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1948.9917362</p><p></p><p>Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New</p><p>York: Free Press.</p><p></p><p>Storey, A. (2007). The problem of distributed leadership in schools. School Leadership</p><p>& Management, 24(3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243042000266918</p><p></p><p>Sun, A., & Xia, J. (2018). Teacher-distributed leadership, teacher self-efficacy and job</p><p>satisfaction : A multilevel SEM approach using the 2013 TALIS data.</p><p>International Journal of Educational Research, 92(September), 8697.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.09.006</p><p></p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (ed. ke-5).</p><p>Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon.</p><p></p><p>Tang, K. N. (2012). A comparative study on teacher leadership in special education</p><p>classroom between China and Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 31(2011), 231235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.047</p><p></p><p>Taylor, M., Klein, E. J., Munakata, M., Trabona, K., Rahman, Z., & McManus, J.</p><p>(2019). Professional development for teacher leaders: Using activity theory to</p><p>understand the complexities of sustainable change. International Journal of</p><p>Leadership in Education, 22(6), 685705.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2018.1492023</p><p></p><p>Teng, L. K. (2006). Pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap efikasi-kendiri guru sekolah</p><p>menengah di negeri Sarawak (Tesis kedoktoran tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Putra</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Thien, L. M. (2019). Distributive leadership functions, readiness for change, and</p><p>teachers affective commitment to change: A partial least squares analysis. SAGE</p><p>Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846209</p><p></p><p>Thien, L. M., & Adams, D. (2019). Distributed leadership and teachers affective</p><p>commitment to change in Malaysian primary schools: The contextual influence of</p><p>gender and teaching experience. Educational Studies, 47(2), 121.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2019.1680349</p><p></p><p>Thien, L. M., & Chan, S. Y. (2020). One-size-fits-all? A cross-validation study of</p><p>distributed leadership and teacher academic optimism. Educational Management</p><p>Administration & Leadership, 121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220926506</p><p></p><p>Thien, L. M., & Tan, M. Y. (2019). Kepimpinan distributif, keadaan dalam sekolah,</p><p>dan komitmen guru untuk berubah: Satu analisa Partial Least Squares. Journal of</p><p>Nusantara Studies, 4(1), 159185.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss1pp159-185</p><p></p><p>Thompson, K. (2010). How strategic is the school-based planning for leadership</p><p>succession? International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth</p><p>Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 38(1), 98</p><p>113.</p><p>http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=afh&AN=54463179&sit</p><p>e=ehost-live</p><p></p><p>Thoonen, E. E. J., Sleegers, P. J. C., Oort, F. J., Peetsma, T. T. D., & Geijsel, F. P.</p><p>(2011). How to improve teaching practices: The role of teacher motivation,</p><p>organizational factors, and leadership practices. Educational Administration</p><p>Quarterly, 47(3), 496538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11400185</p><p></p><p>Tian, M. (2011). Distributed leadership and teachers self-efficacy: The case studies of</p><p>three chinese schools in Shanghai (Tesis sarjana, University of Jyvskyl).</p><p>https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/37175/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-</p><p>201201091015.pdf?sequence=1</p><p></p><p>Tian, M., Risku, M., & Collin, K. (2016). A meta-analysis of distributed leadership</p><p>from 2002 to 2013: Theory development, empirical evidence and future research</p><p>focus. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 44(1), 146164.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214558576</p><p></p><p>Timperley, H. S. (2005). Distributed leadership: Developing theory from practice.</p><p>Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(4), 395-420.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00220270500038545</p><p></p><p>Tisebio Tiop, & Roslee Talip. (2020). Hubungan kepimpinan teknologi pengetua dalam</p><p>pengurusan kurikulum dan efikasi kendiri guru. Malaysian Journal of Social</p><p>Sciences and Humanities, 5(4), 7183. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i4.383</p><p></p><p>Tsai, K. C. (2017). Development of the Teacher Leadership Style Scale. Social</p><p>Behavior and Personality, 45(3), 477490. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5751</p><p></p><p>Tsai, K. C. (2015). A preliminary meta-analysis of teacher leadership. Journal of</p><p>Education and Literature, 3(3), 131137.</p><p></p><p>Tsakeni, M., & Jita, L. (2019). School leadership practices for science and mathematics</p><p>in high-stakes testing environments: An integrated school leadership approach.</p><p>Perspectives in Education, 37(2), 98109.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/pie.v37i2.7</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools. San</p><p>Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M., & Barr, M. (2004). Fostering student learning: The relationship</p><p>of collective teacher efficacy and student achievement. Leadership and Policy in</p><p>Schools, 3(3), 189209. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760490503706</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive</p><p>construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 783805.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2007). The differential antecedents of selfefficacy</p><p>beliefs of novice and experienced teachers. Teacher and Teaching</p><p>Education, 23, 944-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.003</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: Its</p><p>meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68(2), 202248.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543068002202</p><p></p><p>Trkolu, M. E., Cansoy, R., & Parlar, H. (2017). Examining relationship between</p><p>teachers self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Universal Journal of Educational</p><p>Research, 5(5), 765772. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050509</p><p></p><p>Tyaningsih, A. R., Suryadi, S., & Rahmawati, D. (2021). Self-efficacy, teacher</p><p>leadership, and teacher profesionalism in secondary school. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian</p><p>Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v6i2.1331</p><p></p><p>Tyupa, S. (2011). A theoretical framework for back-translation as a quality assessment</p><p>tool. New Voices in Translation Studies, 7(1), 3546.</p><p></p><p>Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory:</p><p>Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership</p><p>Quarterly, 18(4), 298-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.002</p><p></p><p>Villiers, E. D., & Pretorius, S. G. (2012). A changing leadership paradigm: South</p><p>African educators perceptions of the dimensions of a healthy school culture for</p><p>teacher leadership. Journal of Social Sciences, 32(2), 205-219.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2012.11893066</p><p></p><p>Vlachadi, M., & Ferla, M. (2013). Differentiation of teachers' and principals'</p><p>engagement in distributed leadership according to their demographic</p><p>characteristics. Journal of Education and Learning, 2(4), 19-30.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n4p19</p><p></p><p>Voelkel, R., & Chrispeels, J. (2017). Understanding the link between profesional</p><p>learning commnuities and teacher collective efficacy. School Effectiveness and</p><p>School Improvement, 28(4), 505-526.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1299015</p><p></p><p>Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (1998). Situation effects and levels of analysis in the study</p><p>of leader participation. Dlm. F. Dansereau & F. J. Yammarino (Pnyt.), Leadership:</p><p>The multiple-level approaches (ms. 145-159). London: JAI</p><p></p><p>Vroom, W. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Waldron, N. L., & McLeskey, J. (2010). Establishing a collaborative school culture</p><p>through comprehensive school reform. Journal of Educational and Psychological</p><p>Consultation, 20, 58-74.</p><p></p><p>Wallace, M. (1988). Towards a collegiate approach to curriculum management in</p><p>primary and middle schools. School Organization, 8(1), 2534.</p><p></p><p>Wan Ameera Farhah Wan Azahari, & Mahaliza Mansor. (2018). Pengaruh amalan</p><p>pembelajaran profesional terhadap kepimpinan guru-guru kolej vokasional di</p><p>Perak. Management Research Journal, 8(1), 3243.</p><p></p><p>Wan Suhaila Wan Yaacob, & Yahya Don. (2018). Teacher leadership model: Roles and</p><p>values. Journal of Social Science Research, 12(1), 25562567.</p><p></p><p>Wasley, P. A. (1991). Teachers who lead: The rhetoric of reform and realities of</p><p>practice. New York: Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>Weiner, J. M. (2011). Finding common ground: Teacher leaders and principals speak</p><p>out about teacher leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 21, 741.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461102100102</p><p></p><p>Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2016). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher</p><p>leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 20(10), 1</p><p>38. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316653478</p><p></p><p>Whitaker, T. (1995). Informal teacher leadership: The key to successful change in the</p><p>middle school. NASSP Bulletin, January, 76-81.</p><p></p><p>Wiersma, W. (1995). Research methods in education: An introduction (ed. ke-6).</p><p>Boston: Allyn and Bacon.</p><p></p><p>Williams, A. (2013). Teacher leaders' perception of distributed leadership practices in</p><p>middle schools (Tesis kedoktoran, University of Maryland). Digital Repository at</p><p>the University of Maryland.</p><p></p><p>Williams, C. G. (2011). Distributed leadership in South African schools: Possibilities</p><p>and constraints. South African Journal of Education, 31, 190200.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n2a421</p><p></p><p>Wilmore, E. (2007). Teacher leadership: Improving teaching and learning from the</p><p>inside. New York: Corwin Press.</p><p></p><p>Woods, P. A. (2004). Democratic leadership: Drawing distinctions with distributed</p><p>leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/1360312032000154522</p><p></p><p>Woods, P. A. (2016). Authority, power, and distributed leadership. Management in</p><p>Education, 30(4), 155160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020616665779</p><p></p><p>Woods, P. A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A., & Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities</p><p>in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32(4), 439-457.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741143204046497</p><p></p><p>Wright, L. L. (2008). Merits and limitations of distributed leadership: Experiences and</p><p>understandings of school principals. Canadian Journal of Educational</p><p>Administration and Policy, 69, 133.</p><p></p><p>Yahya Don. (2018). Distributed leadership in school. Dlm. Adams, D. (Pnyt.), Theories</p><p>and Practice in Mastering Theories of Educational Leadership and Management.</p><p>Kuala Lumpur: UM Press.</p><p></p><p>Yasser F. Hendawy Al-Mahdy, Mahmoud Mohamed Emam, Hallinger, P. (2018).</p><p>Assessing the contribution of principal instructional leadership and collective</p><p>teacher efficacy to teacher commitment in Oman. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education, 69, 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TATE.2017.10.007</p><p></p><p>Yin, H. B., Lee, J. C. K., Jin, Y. Le, & Zhang, Z. H. (2013). The effect of trust on</p><p>teacher empowerment: The mediation of teacher efficacy. Educational Studies,</p><p>39(1), 1328. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2012.666339</p><p></p><p>York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings</p><p>from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255</p><p>316. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074003255</p><p></p><p>Yuen, J. H. P., Victor Chen, D. T., & Ng, D. (2015). Distributed leadership through the</p><p>lens of Activity Theory. Educational Management Administration & Leadership,</p><p>44(5), 814836. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215570302</p><p></p><p>Yukl, G. A. (2002). Leadership in organizations (ed. ke-5). Upper Saddle River, New</p><p>Jersey: Prentice-Hall.</p><p></p><p>Yukl, G., & Lepsinger, R. (2007). Improving performance through flexible leadership.</p><p>Dlm. Munro, J. H. (Pnyt.), Rountable viewpoints: Organizational leadership (ms.</p><p>6-8). DubuQue, IA: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Yusniza Yusof, Norazlinda Saad, & Surendran Sankaran. (2019). Hubungan antara</p><p>tingkah laku kepimpinan guru besar dengan efikasi guru sekolah rendah.</p><p>International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(31), 350-358.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.4310030</p><p></p><p>Yusof Boon, & Yahzanon Tahir. (2013). Kepimpinan tersebar dan hubungannya</p><p>dengan tekanan dan komitmen kerja. Dlm. 2nd International Seminar on Quality</p><p>and Affordable Education (ms. 375378).</p><p></p><p>Zaccaro, S. J., Rittman, A. L., & Marks, M. A. (2001). Team leadership. The</p><p>Leadership Quarterly, 12, 451-483.</p><p></p><p>Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie, & Soaib Asimiran. (2011). Transformasi kepemimpinan</p><p>pendidikan: Cabaran dan hala tuju. Seri Kembangan, Selangor: Penerbit</p><p>Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Zalina Zakaria, Siti Noor Ismail, & Kamaruddin Hassan. (2020). The influence of</p><p>distributed leadership towards PLC implementation in Kelantan residential</p><p>secondary school. International Journal of Science and Research, 9(3), 974-982.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21275/SR20310133431</p><p></p><p>Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H., &</p><p>Nikanfar, A.-R. (2015). Design and implementation content validity study:</p><p>Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication.</p><p>Journal of Caring Sciences, 4(2), 165178. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2015.017</p><p></p><p>Zare, M., & Nastiezaie, N. (2019). The relationship between distributed leadership and</p><p>work self-efficacy with the mediating role of academic optimism of the teacher.</p><p>New Educational Review, 58, 169178.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2019.58.4.13</p><p></p><p>Zhang, M., Tian, J., Ni, H., & Fang, G. (2021). Exploring teacher leadership and factors</p><p>contributing to it. SAGE Open, 11(1), 1-12.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211002175</p><p></p><p>Zheng, Q., Li, L., Chen, H., & Loeb, S. (2017). What aspects of principal leadership</p><p>are most highly correlated with school outcomes in China ? Educational</p><p>Administration Quarterly, 53(3), 409447.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X17706152</p><p></p><p>Zheng, X., Yin, H., & Li, Z. (2018). Exploring the relationships among instructional</p><p>leadership , professional learning communities and teacher self-efficacy in China.</p><p>Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(6), 843859.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218764176</p><p></p><p>Zheng, X., Yin, H., & Liu, Y. (2019). The relationship between distributed leadership</p><p>and teacher efficacy in China: The mediation of satisfaction and trust. Asia-Pacific</p><p>Education Researcher, 28(6), 509518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-</p><p>00451-7</p><p></p><p>Zoolaiha Abd. Rahman. (2015). Amalan kepimpinan distributif dan hubungannya</p><p>dengan kepuasan kerja guru di Selangor (Tesis kedoktoran, Universiti Pendidikan</p><p>Sultan Idris). UPSI Digital Repository.</p><p></p><p>Zuhaili Mohd Arshad, & Ramlee Mustapha. (2017). Hubungan antara beban tugas</p><p>dengan efikasi diri dan kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Sains Humanika, 9(November), 35</p><p>43. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1174</p><p></p><p>Zuraidah Juliana Mohamad Yusoff, Siti Noor Ismail, & Yahya Don. (2015). Pengaruh</p><p>kepimpinan distributif terhadap persekitaran sekolah. The Asean Journal of</p><p>Knowledge Contribution, 4(4), 919.</p><p></p><p>Zuraidah Juliana Mohamad Yusof, Yahya Don, & Siti Noor Ismail. (2014). Kompetensi</p><p>emosi pemangkin keberkesanan amalan kepimpinan guru. Jurnal Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 1(3), 113.</p><p>https://jupidi.um.edu.my/index.php/JUPIDI/article/view/8297/5763</p><p></p><p>Zuraidah Juliana Mohamad Yusoff, Yahya Don, & Siti Noor Ismail. (2016). Pengaruh</p><p>kepimpinan distributif terhadap pengurusan konflik dalam kalangan pemimpin</p><p>sekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 41(2), 165171.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17576/jpen-2015-4002-01</p><p></p><p>Zuraidah Muda. (2018). Amalan kepimpinan distributif dan hubungannya dengan</p><p>modal psikologi di sekolah menengah daerah Putrajaya. Jurnal Pengurusan Dan</p><p>Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 2(4), 57-61.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

Pengaruh kepimpinan distributif pengetua terhadap pembangunan kepimpinan guru dan efikasi kendiri guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan

Similar Items