Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom

<p>Kajian ini meninjau kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran</p><p>berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom. Objektif kajian adalah untuk melihat</p><p>tahap kesediaan melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik yan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Azhar Md Saad
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8547
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8547
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Mohd Azhar Md Saad
Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
description <p>Kajian ini meninjau kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran</p><p>berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom. Objektif kajian adalah untuk melihat</p><p>tahap kesediaan melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik yang terdiri daripada lima</p><p>konstruk iaitu pembelajaran terarah kendiri, efikasi kendiri teknologi, efikasi kendiri</p><p>komunikasi, motivasi pembelajaran dan pra pembelajaran. Kajian juga bertujuan untuk</p><p>melihat kesediaan murid menggunakan platform Google Classroom. Kajian turut</p><p>melihat korelasi dan sumbangan antara lima konstruk kesediaan melaksanakan</p><p>pembelajaran berbalik terhadap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom. Kajian</p><p>kuantitatif menerusi tinjauan telah dilakukan terhadap seramai 395 murid sekolah</p><p>menengah daripada lapan sekolah dalam Daerah Kuala Kangsar yang dipilih secara</p><p>rawak dan berstrata. Instrumen soal selidik adalah terdiri daripada 37 item telah diuji</p><p>kesahan oleh empat panel pakar dan memiliki kebolehpercayaan pada nilai alfa</p><p>Chronbach 0.872. Ujian deskriptif yang dilajankan mendapati kesediaan melaksanakan</p><p>pembelajaran berbalik adalah pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu pembelajaran terarah kendiri</p><p>(min=3.86), efikasi kendiri teknologi (min=4.28), efikasi kendiri komunikasi</p><p>(min=4.08), motivasi pembelajaran (min=4.27) dan pra pembelajaran (min=4.12).</p><p>Ujian deskriptif juga menunjukkan kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom berada</p><p>pada tahap yang tinggi (min=4.04). Ujian korelasi Pearson yang dijalankan mendapati</p><p>terdapat hubungan positif yang kuat dan signifikan bagi pembelajaran terarah kendiri</p><p>(r=.566), efikasi kendiri teknologi (r=.529), efikasi kendiri komunikasi (r=.587) dan pra</p><p>pembelajaran (r=.591) terhadap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom manakala</p><p>motivasi pembelajaran (r=.477) adalah sederhana. Analisis berganda stepwise yang</p><p>dilakukan pula menunjukkan empat konstruk utama secara signifikan memberikan</p><p>sumbangan kepada tahap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom ialah pra</p><p>pembelajaran ( = 0.312, p < 0.05), efikasi kendiri teknologi ( = 0.238, p < 0.05),</p><p>pembelajaran terarah kendiri ( = 0.216, p < 0.05) dan efikasi kendiri komunikasi ( =</p><p>0.171, p < 0.05) dapat menyumbang skor keseluruhan sebanyak 53.3% (R2 = 0.533)</p><p>dalam kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom. Namun, kajian mendapati konstruk</p><p>motivasi pembelajaran adalah tidak memberikan sumbangan. Dapatan kajian ini dilihat</p><p>dapat membantu pihak sekolah dan KPM supaya memberikan penekanan kepada</p><p>keempat-empat faktor iaitu pra pembelajaran, efikasi kendiri teknologi, pembelajaran</p><p>terarah kendiri dan efikasi kendiri komunikasi supaya diperkemas dalam kalangan</p><p>murid bagi memastikan kejayaan pelaksanaan penggunaan aplikasi Google Classroom</p><p>menerusi pendekatan pedagogi secara lebih efektif.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Mohd Azhar Md Saad
author_facet Mohd Azhar Md Saad
author_sort Mohd Azhar Md Saad
title Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
title_short Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
title_full Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
title_fullStr Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
title_full_unstemmed Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom
title_sort kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform google classroom
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8547
_version_ 1776104537282576384
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:85472022-12-23 Kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom 2021 Mohd Azhar Md Saad LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini meninjau kesediaan murid sekolah menengah melaksanakan pembelajaran</p><p>berbalik menerusi platform Google Classroom. Objektif kajian adalah untuk melihat</p><p>tahap kesediaan melaksanakan pembelajaran berbalik yang terdiri daripada lima</p><p>konstruk iaitu pembelajaran terarah kendiri, efikasi kendiri teknologi, efikasi kendiri</p><p>komunikasi, motivasi pembelajaran dan pra pembelajaran. Kajian juga bertujuan untuk</p><p>melihat kesediaan murid menggunakan platform Google Classroom. Kajian turut</p><p>melihat korelasi dan sumbangan antara lima konstruk kesediaan melaksanakan</p><p>pembelajaran berbalik terhadap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom. Kajian</p><p>kuantitatif menerusi tinjauan telah dilakukan terhadap seramai 395 murid sekolah</p><p>menengah daripada lapan sekolah dalam Daerah Kuala Kangsar yang dipilih secara</p><p>rawak dan berstrata. Instrumen soal selidik adalah terdiri daripada 37 item telah diuji</p><p>kesahan oleh empat panel pakar dan memiliki kebolehpercayaan pada nilai alfa</p><p>Chronbach 0.872. Ujian deskriptif yang dilajankan mendapati kesediaan melaksanakan</p><p>pembelajaran berbalik adalah pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu pembelajaran terarah kendiri</p><p>(min=3.86), efikasi kendiri teknologi (min=4.28), efikasi kendiri komunikasi</p><p>(min=4.08), motivasi pembelajaran (min=4.27) dan pra pembelajaran (min=4.12).</p><p>Ujian deskriptif juga menunjukkan kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom berada</p><p>pada tahap yang tinggi (min=4.04). Ujian korelasi Pearson yang dijalankan mendapati</p><p>terdapat hubungan positif yang kuat dan signifikan bagi pembelajaran terarah kendiri</p><p>(r=.566), efikasi kendiri teknologi (r=.529), efikasi kendiri komunikasi (r=.587) dan pra</p><p>pembelajaran (r=.591) terhadap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom manakala</p><p>motivasi pembelajaran (r=.477) adalah sederhana. Analisis berganda stepwise yang</p><p>dilakukan pula menunjukkan empat konstruk utama secara signifikan memberikan</p><p>sumbangan kepada tahap kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom ialah pra</p><p>pembelajaran ( = 0.312, p < 0.05), efikasi kendiri teknologi ( = 0.238, p < 0.05),</p><p>pembelajaran terarah kendiri ( = 0.216, p < 0.05) dan efikasi kendiri komunikasi ( =</p><p>0.171, p < 0.05) dapat menyumbang skor keseluruhan sebanyak 53.3% (R2 = 0.533)</p><p>dalam kesediaan menggunakan Google Classroom. Namun, kajian mendapati konstruk</p><p>motivasi pembelajaran adalah tidak memberikan sumbangan. Dapatan kajian ini dilihat</p><p>dapat membantu pihak sekolah dan KPM supaya memberikan penekanan kepada</p><p>keempat-empat faktor iaitu pra pembelajaran, efikasi kendiri teknologi, pembelajaran</p><p>terarah kendiri dan efikasi kendiri komunikasi supaya diperkemas dalam kalangan</p><p>murid bagi memastikan kejayaan pelaksanaan penggunaan aplikasi Google Classroom</p><p>menerusi pendekatan pedagogi secara lebih efektif.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8547 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8547 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia <p>Abdul Fatah Abdul Malik, & Konting, M. M. (1993). Memahami penyelidikan pendidikan: Satu</p><p>pengenalan. Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan: Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Abeysekera, L., & Dawson, P. (2014). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom:</p><p>definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research and Development, 34(1),</p><p>114. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.934336</p><p></p><p>Abid Azhar, K., & Iqbal, N. (2018). Effectiveness of Google Classroom: Teachers Perceptions.</p><p>Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2).</p><p></p><p>Abu Bakar Nordin. (1986). Asas Penilaian Pendidikan. Siri Maktab Perguruan.</p><p>Petaling Jaya: Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Adams, D., Sumintono, B., Ahmed Mohamed, & Nur Syafika Mohamad Noor. (2018). E-learning readiness</p><p>among students of diverse backgrounds in a leading Malaysian higher education institution.</p><p>Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 227256.</p><p></p><p>Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Syaza Hazwani Zaini, Su Luan, W., & Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar. (2018). The</p><p>Influence of Mobile Self-efficacy, Personal Innovativeness and Readiness towards Students</p><p>Attitudes towards the use of Mobile Apps in Learning and Teaching. International Journal of</p><p>Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(14), 364374.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i14/3673</p><p></p><p>Akayolu, S. (2019). Teaching CALL to Pre service Teachers of English in a Flipped.</p><p>Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 0123456789.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-019-09428-3</p><p></p><p>Akay, G., & Akay, M. (2018). The flipped classroom : A review of its advantages and </p><p>challenges. 126(August), 334345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021</p><p></p><p>Al-Hariri, M. T., & Al-Hattami, A. A. (2017). Impact of students use of technology on their</p><p>learning achievements in physiology courses at the University of Dammam. Journal of Taibah</p><p>University Medical Sciences, 12(1), 8285.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.07.004</p><p></p><p>Al-Maroof, R. A. S., & Al-Emran, M. (2018). Students acceptance of google classroom:</p><p>An exploratory study using PLS-SEM approach. International Journal of</p><p>Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(6), 112123.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i06.8275</p><p></p><p>Aldhafeeri, F. M., & Khan, B. H. (2016). Teachers and Students Views on E-Learning</p><p>Readiness in Kuwaits Secondary Public Schools. Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology Systems, 45(2), 202235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239516646747</p><p></p><p>Alim, N., Linda, W., Gunawan, F., & Saad, M. S. (2019). The Effectiveness Of Google</p><p>Classroom As An Instructional Media : A Case Of State Islamic Institute Of</p><p>Kendari , Indonesia. 7(2), 240246.</p><p></p><p>Alqahtani, A. (2019). Usability Testing of Google Cloud Applications: Students</p><p>Perspective. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(3), 326339.</p><p></p><p>Alqurashi, E. (2016). Self-Efficacy In Online Learning Environments: A Literature</p><p>Review. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 9(1), 4552.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v9i1.9549</p><p></p><p>Amadeu Sa de Campos Filho, Fantini, W. de S., Ciriaco, M. A., Santos, J. dos, Moreira,</p><p>F., & Gomes, A. S. (2019). Health Student Using Google Classroom : Satisfaction</p><p>Analysis. 1, 5866. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20798-4</p><p></p><p>Ani Omar. (2019). Inovasi Aplikasi Google dalam Pengajaran dan Pemudahcaraan</p><p>Kesusasteraan Melayu Abad ke-21 Memupuk Pemikiran Kreatif dan Inovatif</p><p>dalam Kalangan Pelajar Google Application Innovation in the 21 st Century Malay</p><p>Language Teching and Interpretation Nurturing. Seminar Antarabangsa</p><p>Susastera, Bahasa Dan Budaya Nusantara Inovasi.</p><p></p><p>Apple Inc. (2020). Apps that help you put the power of technology to work. In and out</p><p>of class. https://www.apple.com/my/education/teaching-tools/</p><p></p><p>Arnold, S. (2018). The Big 3 In The Classroom: Apple, Google, & Microsoft.</p><p>https://braveintheattempt.com/2018/05/13/the-big-3-in-the-classroom-applegoogle-</p><p>microsoft/</p><p></p><p></p><p>Aksoy, G., & zdaml, F. (2016). Flipped Classroom adapted to the ARCS Model of</p><p>Motivation and applied to a Physics Course. 12(6), 15891603.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1251a</p><p></p><p>Avary Carhill-Poza. (2019). Defining flipped learning for English learners in an urban</p><p>secondary school. Bilingual Research Journal, 00(00), 115.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2018.1561552</p><p></p><p>Awang, H., Aji, Z. M., Wan Rozaini, S. O., Kamaruddin, E., Al-Mashhadani, A. F. S.,</p><p>& Khamis, S. (2020). Cabaran Dalam Melaksanakan Teknologi Maklumat Dan</p><p>Komunikasi: Analisis Kes Persekitaran Pembelajaran Maya-Frog Serta Strategi</p><p>Untuk Melestarikan Penggunaan Google Classroom Dalam Kalangan Guru.</p><p>Journal of Educational Research and Indigenous Studies, 1(1).</p><p></p><p>Baker, J. W. (2000). The Classroom Flip: Using Web Course Management Tools To</p><p>Become The Guide By The Side.</p><p>http://www.classroomflip.com/files/classroom_flip_baker_2000.pdf</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.</p><p>Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (2010). Self-efficacy -Bandura. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 13.</p><p>https://doi.org/10, 9780470479216.</p><p></p><p>Bishop, J., & Verleger, M. (2013). Testing the flipped classroom with model-eliciting activities</p><p>and video lectures in a mid-level undergraduate engineering course. Proceedings - Frontiers in</p><p>Education Conference, FIE, 161163. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2013.6684807</p><p></p><p>Cabi, E. (2018). The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Model on Students Academic Achievement.</p><p>International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(3).</p><p>https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092568549?accountid=14116%0Ahttp://s</p><p>uprimo.lib.strath.ac.uk/openurl/SU/SUVU01?genre=article&atitle=The+Impact+</p><p>of+the+Flipped+Classroom+Model+on+Students%27+Academic+Achievement</p><p>&author=Cab%2C+Emine&volume=19&issue=3&sp</p><p></p><p>Caravello, M. J., Jimnez, J. R., Kahl, L. J., Brachio, B., & Morote, E. (2015). Self- Directed</p><p>Learning : College Students Technology Preparedness Change in the Last 10 Years. Journal for</p><p>Leadership and Instruction, 14(2), 1825.</p><p></p><p>Carl Reidsema, Roger Hadgraft, L. K. (2017). The Flipped Classroom: Practice and Practices in</p><p>Higher Education (p. 3). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3413-8</p><p></p><p>Ceylaner, S. G., & Karaku, F. (2018). Effects of the Flipped Classroom Model on Students </p><p>Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Attitudes Towards the English Course. 11(9), 129143.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n9p129</p><p></p><p>Cheng, L., Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Antonenko, P. (2018). Effects of the flipped classroom instructional</p><p>strategy on students learning outcomes : a meta analysis. In Educational Technology Research</p><p>and Development (Issue 0123456789). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9633-7</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan - Buku 2. In Mc Graw Hill Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70076-2</p><p></p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. In</p><p>Research Methods in Education (6th ed.). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539</p><p></p><p>Conoley, J. C., & Impara, J. C. (1995). Thirteenth Mental Measurements Year Book.</p><p>Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.</p><p></p><p>Coopasami, M., Knight, S., & Pete, M. (2017). e-Learning readiness amongst nursing</p><p>students at the Durban University of Technology. Health SA Gesondheid, 22, 300</p><p>306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2017.04.003</p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and</p><p>qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research and Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed</p><p>Methods Approaches. In Thousand Oaks California.</p><p></p><p>Cristiano, K. L., & Triana, D. A. (2019). Google classroom as a tool-mediated for learning.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1161/1/012020</p><p></p><p>Dash, S. (2019). Google Classroom as a Learning Management System to Teach Biochemistry in a</p><p>Medical School. April. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21246</p><p></p><p>Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior.</p><p>In Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7</p><p></p><p>Durak, H. Y. (2018). Flipped learning readiness in teaching programming in middle schools:</p><p>Modelling its relation to various variables. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(6), 939959.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12302</p><p></p><p>Durak, H. Y. (2019). Modeling Different Variables in Learning Basic Concepts of Programming in</p><p>Flipped Classrooms. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(1), 160199.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119827956</p><p></p><p>Evseeva, A., & Solozhenko, A. (2015). Use of Flipped Classroom Technology in Language Learning.</p><p>Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 206(November), 205209.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.006</p><p></p><p>Fariza Khalid. (2017). Penggunaan Video berasaskan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Mikro dalam Massive Open</p><p>Online Course (MOOC): Potensi dan Cabaran. Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan Sekolah Kluster </p><p>Kecemerlangan 2017. https://www.academia.edu/35121971/Penggunaan_Video_berasaskan_Pendekata</p><p>n_Pembelajaran_Mikro_dalam_Massive_Open_Online_Course_MOOC_Potensi</p><p>_dan_Cabaran</p><p></p><p>Fauzi Hussin, Ali, J., & Noor, M. S. Z. (2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan & Analisis Data SPSS. In</p><p>Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Fitriningtiyas, D. A., & Umamah, N. (2019). Google classroom : as a media of learning history.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012156</p><p></p><p>FrogAsia Sdn Bhd. (2019). Frog VLE and Teacher Data Plan Still Available after 30 June 2019.</p><p>https://frogasia.com/en/announcements/</p><p></p><p>Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2017). Metodologi Penyelidikan: Panduan Menulis Tesis.</p><p>UUM Press, Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Geng, S., Law, K. M. Y., & Niu, B. (2019). Investigating self-directed learning and</p><p>technology readiness in blending learning environment. International Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0</p><p></p><p>Ghazali, D., & Sufean, H. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan: Amalan Dan Analisis</p><p>Kajian. In Penerbit Universiti Malaya (2nd ed.).</p><p></p><p>Google Inc. (2020a). Manage teaching and learning with Classroom.</p><p>https://edu.google.com/products/classroom/?modal_active=none</p><p></p><p>Google Inc. (2020b). Spark learning with G Suite for Education.</p><p>https://edu.google.com/products/gsuite-for-education/</p><p></p><p>Ha, A. S., OReilly, J., Ng, J. Y. Y., & Zhang, J. H. (2019). Evaluating the flipped classroom</p><p>approach in Asian higher education: Perspectives from students and teachers. Cogent </p><p>Education, 6(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2019.1638147</p><p></p><p>Hamdan, N., McKnight, P., McKnight, K., & Arfstrom, K. M. (2013). A Review Of Flipped </p><p>Learning. c. https://flippedlearning.org/wp-</p><p>content/uploads/2016/07/LitReview_FlippedLearning.pdf</p><p></p><p>Hantla, B. F. (2014). Book Review: Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every</p><p>day. Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry, 11(1), 183188.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/073989131401100120</p><p></p><p>Hao, Y. (2016a). Exploring undergraduates perspectives and flipped learning readiness in their</p><p>flipped classrooms. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 8292.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.032</p><p></p><p>Hao, Y. (2016b). Middle school students flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms:</p><p>Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances. Computers</p><p>in Human Behavior, 59, 295303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.031</p><p></p><p>Hasliza Hashim, Siti Munira Mohd Nasri, & Zarina Mustafa. (2016). Cabaran Yang Dihadapi Oleh Guru</p><p>Dalam Pelaksanaan Persekitaran Pembelajaran Maya Frog Di Bilik Darjah. Asia Pacific Journal of</p><p>Educators and Education, 31(31), 115</p><p>129. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2016.31.7</p><p></p><p>Hidayat, M. L., Prasetiyo, W. H., & Wantoro, J. (2019). Pre-service student teachers perception of</p><p>using google classroom in a blended course. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(2), 363368.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7242</p><p></p><p>Hrastinski, S. (2019). What Do We Mean by Blended Learning?</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00375-5</p><p></p><p>Hung, M., Chou, C., Chen, C., & Own, Z. (2010). Computers & Education Learner readiness for online</p><p>learning : Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3),</p><p> 10801090.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004</p><p></p><p>Iftakhar, S. (2016). Google classroom: what works and how? Journal of Education and</p><p>Social Sciences, 3, 1218.</p><p></p><p>Izwan Nizal Mohd Shaharanee, Jastini Mohd Jamil, & Sarah Syamimi Mohamad Rodzi. (2016). The</p><p>Application of Google Classroom as a Tool for Teaching and Learning. 8(10), 811.</p><p></p><p>Jabatan Audit Negara Malaysia. (2018). Laporan Ketua Audit Negara 2018.</p><p>https://www.audit.gov.my/images/pdf/2019/LKAN2018Siri1/LKAN2018S1_AK TIVITI KEM JAB BBP.pdf</p><p></p><p>Jaeho Choi. (2016). Critical Review of Empirical Studies on the Flipped Classroom in English</p><p>Education in Korea. English Language & Literature Teaching, 22(4), 1</p><p>19. http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102716137</p><p></p><p>Jakkaew, P. (2017). The Use of UTAUT2 Model for Understanding Student Perceptions Using Google</p><p>Classroom : A Case Study of Introduction to Information Technology Course.</p><p></p><p>Johnson, S. (2017). Battle of the Classrooms: Apple, Google, Microsoft Vie for K-12 Market.</p><p>https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-02-22-battle-of-the-classrooms-</p><p>apple-google-microsoft-vie-for-k-12-market</p><p></p><p>Jordan, M. M., & Danielle Duckett, N. (2018). Universities Confront Tech Disruption: Perceptions</p><p>of Student Engagement Online Using Two Learning Management Systems. The Journal of Public and</p><p>Professional Sociology, 10(1).</p><p></p><p>Kashada, A., Li, H., & Su, C. (2017). Adoption of Flipped Classroom in K-12 Education in</p><p>DevelopingL Challenges and Obstacles. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in </p><p>Learning(IJET), 12(10), 147157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i10.7308</p><p></p><p>Kaviza, M. (2020). Kesediaan Murid Terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Google Classroom Sebagai Platform</p><p>Pembelajaran Sejarah Abstrak Student s Readiness of Using Google Classroom Application as</p><p>Learning History Platform Abstract Pengenalan Pernyataan Masalah. Malaysia Journal of Social</p><p>Science and Humanities, 5(4), 108115.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia. Unit Perlaksanaan</p><p>Dan Prestasi Pendidikan. https://www.padu.edu.my/my/about- the-blueprint/</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Google Classroom (GC).</p><p>https://www.moe.gov.my/en/pemberitahuan/announcement/google-classroom-gc</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2020a). Kenyataan Media: Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Dan</p><p>Pembelajaran Berikutan Perlanjutan Tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan. </p><p>https://www.moe.gov.my/pemberitahuan/kenyataan-</p><p>media/kenyataan-media-pelaksanaan-pengajaran-dan-pembelajaran-berikutan-</p><p>tempoh-perintah-kawalan-pergerakan</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2020b). Pembukaan Semula Sekolah Bagi Murid Bukan Kelas</p><p>Peperiksaan Awam. https://www.moe.gov.my/muat-turun/teks-</p><p>ucapan-dan-slide/tu2020/3510-teks-ucapan-sidang-media-ybmk-pendidikan-</p><p>berhubung-pembukaan-semula-sekolah-bagi-murid-bukan-kelas-peperiksaan- awam-1-julai-2020/file</p><p></p><p>Khanova, J., Roth, M. T., Rodgers, J. E., & Mclaughlin, J. E. (2015). Student experiences across</p><p>multiple fl ipped courses in a single curriculum. 10381048. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12807</p><p></p><p>Khophadung, A., & Vongtathum, P. (2016). A Designing of Google Classroom as an Online Productive</p><p>Flipped Classroom Tool. Wcse, 1719. https://doi.org/10.18178/wcse.2016.06.072</p><p></p><p>Kim, H. J., Hong, A. J., & Song, H. D. (2019). The roles of academic engagement and digital</p><p>readiness in students achievements in university e-learning environments. International Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0152-3</p><p></p><p>Kim, M. (2018). Effects of Self-Directed Learning Readiness on Academic Performance and Perceived</p><p>Usefulness for Each Element of Flipped Learning. 19(1), 123151.</p><p></p><p>Knowles, M. (1975). Self-Directed Learning: a guide for learners and teachers. New York: Associated</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. </p><p>Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308</p><p></p><p>Laura Angelini, M., & Garca-Carbonell, A. (2019). Enhancing students written production in</p><p>English through flipped lessons and simulations. International Journal of Educational Technology</p><p>in Higher Education, 16(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0131-8</p><p></p><p>Lee, J., Lim, C., & Kim, H. (2017). Development of an instructional design model for flipped</p><p>learning in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(2), 427453.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9502-1</p><p></p><p>Lee, M. (2018). Flipped classroom as an alternative future class model ?: implications of South</p><p>Korea s social experiment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 66(3), 837857.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9587-9</p><p></p><p>Lie, W. W., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Flipped for a Betterment: The Acceptance Level Towards Flipped</p><p>Learning Among Malaysian ESL Learners. Journal of Education and Development, 3(1), 69.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.20849/jed.v3i1.569</p><p></p><p>Lo, C. K., & Hew, K. F. (2018). A comparison of flipped learning with gamification, traditional</p><p>learning, and online independent study: the effects on students mathematics achievement and</p><p>cognitive engagement. Interactive Learning</p><p>Environments, 0(0), 118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1541910</p><p></p><p>Mahizer Hamzah, & Mohd Azli Yeop. (2016). Frog VLE (Virtual Learning Environment) in Teaching and</p><p>Learning: Acceptance and Its Implementation. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers &</p><p>Teacher Education, 6(2), 6777. http://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/article/2016AR001298</p><p></p><p>Maich, K., & Hall, C. (2016). Implementing iPads in the Inclusive Classroom Setting. Intervention </p><p>in School and Clinic, 51(3), 145150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451215585793</p><p></p><p>Majlis Keselamatan Negara. (2020). Kenyataan Media MKN: Perincian Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan.</p><p> Pejabat Perdana Menteri. https://www.pmo.gov.my/2020/03/kenyatan-media-mkn-18-mac-2020/</p><p></p><p>Martin, L., & Tapp, D. (2019). Teaching with Teams: An introduction to teaching an undergraduate</p><p>law module using Microsoft Teams. Innovative Practice in Higher Education, 3(3), 5866.</p><p></p><p>Mattar, J. (2018). Constructivism and connectivism in education technology: Active, situated,</p><p>authentic, experiential, and anchored learning. 21(2), 201217.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.21.2.20055</p><p></p><p>Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning: Pillars of Adult Learning Theory. 89,</p><p>314.</p><p></p><p>Microsoft. (2020). Office 365 Education. https://www.microsoft.com/en-</p><p>GB/education/products/office</p><p></p><p>Mohd Zamri Abdullah, & Mustafa Mamat. (2018). The effects of flipped classroom instructions on</p><p>students motivation in algebraic component 1,. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia,</p><p>1026.</p><p></p><p>Murtikusuma, R. P., Hobri, Fatahillah, A., Hussen, S., Prasetyo, R. R., & Alfarisi, M.</p><p>A. (2019). Development of blended learning based on Google Classroom with osing culture theme in</p><p>mathematics learning Development of blended learning based on Google Classroom with osing culture</p><p>theme in mathematics learning. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1165/1/012017</p><p></p><p>Nik Azis Nik Pa. (2014). Penghasilan Disertasi Berkualiti Dalam Pendidikan Matematik. Penerbit</p><p>Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Nilavu, R. (2019). Enhancing Writing Skills In Engineering Students : An ICT Based Multimodal</p><p>Approach Through Google Classroom. 8(12).</p><p></p><p>Noraini Mohamed Noh, Norazilawati Abdullah, Wong Kung Teck, M. H. (2017). Keberkesanan pendekatan</p><p>Flipped Classroom Dalam Pembelajaran Sains Di Sekolah Rendah. 106118.</p><p></p><p>Nouri, J. (2016). The flipped classroom : for active , effective and increased learning </p><p>especially for low achievers. International Journal of Educational Technology in</p><p>on. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-016-0032-z</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory, 3rd edn, 1994. McGraw-</p><p>Hill, New York.</p><p></p><p>Ogden, L. (2015). Student perceptions of the flipped classroom in college Algebra.</p><p>Primus, 25(9), 782791. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511970.2015.1054011</p><p></p><p>Olakanmi, E. E. (2017). The Effects of a Flipped Classroom Model of Instruction on Students </p><p>Performance and Attitudes Towards Chemistry. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 26(1),</p><p>127137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016- 9657-x</p><p></p><p>Othman Talib. (2018). SPSS Analisis Data Kuantitatif Untuk Penyelidik Muda. MPWS Rich Publication.</p><p></p><p>Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia. (2020). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.</p><p>https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive- timeline</p><p></p><p>Pinnelli, S., & Fiorucci, A. (2015). University and Flipped Learning TIC & DIL Project: Framework</p><p>and Design. International Association for Development of the Information Society, </p><p>Celda, 12.</p><p>https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.</p><p>aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED562195&site=ehost-live&scope=site</p><p></p><p>Rahmi Ramadhani, Rofiqul Umam, Abdurrahman, & Muhamad Syazali. (2019). The Effect of</p><p>Flipped-Problem Based Learning Model Integrated with LMS-Google Classroom for Senior High School</p><p>Students. 7(June), 137158.</p><p></p><p>Sezer, B., & Abay, E. (2018). Looking at the Impact of the Flipped Classroom Model in Medical</p><p>Education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 0(0), 116.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2018.1452292</p><p></p><p>Siemens, G. (2008). Learning and Knowing in Networks: Changing roles for Educators and Designers.</p><p>ITFORUM for Discussion 27 (2008), 127.</p><p></p><p>Siti Hajar Halili, & Ramas, S. (2018). Penerimaan Guru Sekolah Rendah Terhadap Pendekatan Kelas</p><p>Berbalik Dalam Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Tamil. 2014, 4956.</p><p></p><p>Siti Hajar Halili, & Zamzami Zainuddin. (2015). Flipping the Classroom : What We Know and What We</p><p>Dont. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E- Learning, 3(1), 2835.</p><p></p><p>Sookoo-Singh, N., & Boisselle, L. N. (2018). How Does The Flipped Classroom Model Impact On</p><p>Student Motivation And Academic Achievement In A Chemistry Classroom?</p><p></p><p>Sudarsana, I. K., Bagus, I., Anggara, M., & Temon, I. N. (2019). The use of Google classroom in </p><p>the learning process. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742- 6596/1175/1/012165</p><p></p><p>Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia. (2018). Internet Users Survey</p><p>2018. https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Internet- Users-Survey-2018.pdf</p><p></p><p>Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia. (2020). Internet Users Survey 2020. In The Internet</p><p>Users Survey. https://doi.org/ISSN 1823-2523</p><p></p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th Edition)</p><p>(6th Editio). Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Tomas, L., Evans, N., Doyle, T., & Skamp, K. (2019). Are first year students ready for a flipped</p><p>classroom? A case for a flipped learning continuum. International Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0135-4</p><p></p><p>Turan, Z., & Akdag-Cimen, B. (2019). Flipped classroom in English language teaching: a systematic</p><p>review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 117.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1584117</p><p></p><p>Van Deursena, A. J. A. M., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the</p><p>Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information Communication and Society, 19(6), 804823.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1078834</p><p></p><p>Ventayen, R. J. M., Estira, K. L., De Guzman, M. J., Cabaluna, C. M., & Espinosa, N.</p><p>N. (2018). Usability Evaluation of Google Classroom: Basis for the Adaptation of GSuite E-Learning</p><p>Platform. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 5(1), 4751.</p><p></p><p>Wei, H. C., & Chou, C. (2020). Online learning performance and satisfaction: do perceptions and</p><p>readiness matter? Distance Education, 00(00), 122.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1724768</p><p></p><p>Widodo, S. (2017). Implementing Google Apps for Education as Learning Management System in Math</p><p>Education Implementing Google Apps for Education as Learning Management System in Math Education.</p><p></p><p>Wijaya, A. (2016). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Use of Google Classroom to Support Lectures</p><p>Andri Wijaya. February, 1920.</p><p></p><p>Xiu, Y., Moore, M. E., Thompson, P., & French, D. P. (2019). Student Perceptions of Lecture-Capture</p><p>Video to Facilitate Learning in a Flipped Classroom. TechTrends, 63(4), 369375.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0293-6</p><p></p><p>Yilmaz, R. (2017). Exploring the role of e-learning readiness on student satisfaction and</p><p>motivation in fl ipped classroom. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 251</p><p>260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.085</p><p></p><p>Zainuddin, Z., & Perera, C. J. (2017). Exploring students competence , autonomy and relatedness</p><p>in the flipped classroom pedagogical model. Journal of Further and Higher Education, </p><p>9486(August), 112.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1356916</p><p></p><p>Zamzami Zainuddin, & Siti Hajar Halili. (2016). Flipped classroom research and trends from</p><p>different fields of study. International Review of Research in Open and</p><p>Distance Learning, 17(3), 313340. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2274</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>