Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains

<p>Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan dan menguji modul pengajaran kemahiran</p><p>berfikir aras tinggi dalam mata pelajaran sains dengan penerapan kaedah sokratik</p><p>berlandaskan Model Konstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham (...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Nazri Hassan
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8745
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8745
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LC Special aspects of education
spellingShingle LC Special aspects of education
Mohd Nazri Hassan
Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
description <p>Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan dan menguji modul pengajaran kemahiran</p><p>berfikir aras tinggi dalam mata pelajaran sains dengan penerapan kaedah sokratik</p><p>berlandaskan Model Konstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham (KeBATiS). Modul</p><p>KeBATiS dibangunkan melibatkan dua fasa. Fasa pertama melibatkan pembangunan</p><p>modul KeBATiS berpandukan model pembangunan modul Sidek. Fasa kedua kajian</p><p>menggunakan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen ujian pra-pos kumpulan kawalan dan</p><p>kumpulan rawatan yang melibatkan 30 orang murid bagi setiap kumpulan. Proses</p><p>persampelan melibatkan persampelan kluster dan persampelan bertujuan. Data</p><p>dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen iaitu Ujian Pencapaian Sains, Ujian</p><p>Kemahiran Proses Sains Bersepadu dan Soal Selidik Sikap Terhadap Sains. Data</p><p>dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menerusi MANOVA dan ANOVA bagi</p><p>menentukan perbezaan pelajar antara kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan. Kajian ini</p><p>berjaya membangunkan Modul KeBATiS yang mempunyai kesahan dan</p><p>kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa terdapat</p><p>perbezaan yang signifikan min ujian pos antara kumpulan bagi pencapaian sains,</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains. Ujian</p><p>multivariate Pillais Trace menunjukkan bahawa wujud kesan yang signifikan antara</p><p>ujian pra dan ujian pos. Kesimpulannya, dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa modul</p><p>KeBATiS boleh digunakan untuk membantu meningkatkan pencapaian sains,</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap pelajar terhadap sains.</p><p>Implikasinya, modul KeBATiS menyokong teori kognitif dan teori konstruktivisme</p><p>serta membuktikan bahawa kaedah pembelajaran dengan penerapan kaedah sokratik</p><p>berlandaskan model konstruktivisme lima fasa Needham boleh dijadikan alternatif bagi</p><p>membangunkan penguasaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam kalangan murid</p><p>sekolah rendah.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Doctorate
author Mohd Nazri Hassan
author_facet Mohd Nazri Hassan
author_sort Mohd Nazri Hassan
title Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
title_short Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
title_full Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
title_fullStr Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
title_full_unstemmed Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
title_sort kesan modul kebatis terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2022
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8745
_version_ 1776104563051331584
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:87452023-03-07 Kesan modul KeBATiS terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains 2022 Mohd Nazri Hassan LC Special aspects of education <p>Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan dan menguji modul pengajaran kemahiran</p><p>berfikir aras tinggi dalam mata pelajaran sains dengan penerapan kaedah sokratik</p><p>berlandaskan Model Konstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham (KeBATiS). Modul</p><p>KeBATiS dibangunkan melibatkan dua fasa. Fasa pertama melibatkan pembangunan</p><p>modul KeBATiS berpandukan model pembangunan modul Sidek. Fasa kedua kajian</p><p>menggunakan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen ujian pra-pos kumpulan kawalan dan</p><p>kumpulan rawatan yang melibatkan 30 orang murid bagi setiap kumpulan. Proses</p><p>persampelan melibatkan persampelan kluster dan persampelan bertujuan. Data</p><p>dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen iaitu Ujian Pencapaian Sains, Ujian</p><p>Kemahiran Proses Sains Bersepadu dan Soal Selidik Sikap Terhadap Sains. Data</p><p>dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menerusi MANOVA dan ANOVA bagi</p><p>menentukan perbezaan pelajar antara kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan. Kajian ini</p><p>berjaya membangunkan Modul KeBATiS yang mempunyai kesahan dan</p><p>kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa terdapat</p><p>perbezaan yang signifikan min ujian pos antara kumpulan bagi pencapaian sains,</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap terhadap sains. Ujian</p><p>multivariate Pillais Trace menunjukkan bahawa wujud kesan yang signifikan antara</p><p>ujian pra dan ujian pos. Kesimpulannya, dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa modul</p><p>KeBATiS boleh digunakan untuk membantu meningkatkan pencapaian sains,</p><p>penguasaan kemahiran proses sains bersepadu dan sikap pelajar terhadap sains.</p><p>Implikasinya, modul KeBATiS menyokong teori kognitif dan teori konstruktivisme</p><p>serta membuktikan bahawa kaedah pembelajaran dengan penerapan kaedah sokratik</p><p>berlandaskan model konstruktivisme lima fasa Needham boleh dijadikan alternatif bagi</p><p>membangunkan penguasaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam kalangan murid</p><p>sekolah rendah.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8745 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8745 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia <p>Abu Hassan Kassim (2003). Kurikulum Sains Sekolah Malaysia. Modul Pengajaran.</p><p>Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Skudai, Johor</p><p></p><p>Adler M, Ziglio E. (1996). Gazing into the oracle: the Delphi method and its</p><p>application to social policy and public health. London: Jessica Kingsley</p><p>Publishers</p><p></p><p>Abd, M., & Bunyamin, H. (2017). Ke Arah Pemupukan Pemikiran Aras Tinggi :</p><p>Penggabungan Topik Pengajaran Fizik dan Kepentingan Kerja Berpasukan Para</p><p>Pelajar. Malaysian Journal of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Aziz, F. A., & Abd Rahman, F. (2018). Sorotan Kajian Kesediaan Dan</p><p>Keperluan Guru Bahasa Melayu Dalam Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras</p><p>Tinggi (KBAT) Di Bilik Darjah. Pendeta Journal of Malay Language, Education</p><p>and Literature, 9, 80101. https://doi.org/10.37134/pendeta.vol9.7.2017</p><p></p><p>Abdul Halim, N. H., & Zakaria, E. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi</p><p>Melalui Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek Pengajaran Sains Sekolah Rendah. STEd</p><p>2017 : Seminar on Transdisciplinary Education.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Jamir, M. S., Ab. Halim, T., & Adawiyah, I. (2012). Pembelajaran Aktif dalam</p><p>Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkesan Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal IPG Kampus</p><p>Pendidikan Islam.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Kadir, M. N. B., Abdul Karim, M. M., & Rahman, N. A. (2016). Sikap Pelajar</p><p>Terhadap Pembelajaran Fizik dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencapaian Dalam</p><p>Kalangan Pelajar Sains. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar.</p><p></p><p>Abdullah, A. H., Abidin, N. L. Z., & Ali, M. (2015). Analysis of students errors in</p><p>solving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) problems for the topic of fraction.</p><p>Asian Social Science, 11(21), 133142. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n21p133</p><p></p><p>Abosalem, Y. (2016). Students learning styles and their misconceptions in dividing</p><p>fractions View project Assessment Techniques and Students Higher-Order</p><p>Thinking Skills. International Journal of Secondary Education.</p><p></p><p>Afifah, I. R. N., & Retnawati, H. (2019). Is it difficult to teach higher order thinking</p><p>skills? In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-</p><p>6596/1320/1/012098</p><p></p><p>Agranovich, S., & Ben-Zvi Assaraf, O. (2013). What Makes Children Like Learning</p><p>Science? An Examination of the Attitudes of Primary School Students towards</p><p>Science Lessons. Journal of Education and Learning.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n1p55</p><p></p><p>Agustihana, S., & Suparno, S. (2019). Development of HOTS Oriented Cognitive</p><p>Problems in Thermodynamics for Senior High Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika</p><p>Dan Aplikasinya (JPFA). https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v9n1.p44-54</p><p></p><p>Ahmad, N. F., & Iksan, Z. (2021). Penerapan Kemahiran Proses Sains melalui</p><p>Pembelajaran Sains Berasaskan Permainan Digital. Sains Insani.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol6no1.246</p><p></p><p>Akili, W. (2014). On the role of the professor in creating a positive learning</p><p>environment. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference</p><p>Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--22884</p><p></p><p>Akinbobola, A. O., & Afolabi, F. (2010). Analysis of Science Process Skills in West</p><p>African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics. American-Eurasian Journal</p><p>of Scientific Research.</p><p></p><p>Aktamis, H., & Ergin, O. (2008). The Effect of Scientific Process Skills Education on</p><p>Students Scientific Creativity, Science Attitudes and Academic Achievements.</p><p>AsiaPacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching.</p><p></p><p>Aktami, H., & Yenice, N. (2010). Determination of the science process skills and</p><p>critical thinking skill levels. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.502</p><p></p><p>Al-rabaani, A. (2014). The Acquisition of Science Process Skills by Omanis Pre</p><p>Service Sosial Studies Teachers. European Journal of Educational Studies.</p><p></p><p>Ali, A., Islamiah, D., & Zulkifli, Z. (2019). The Effectiveness of Problem - Based</p><p>Learning Methods in Improving High-Order Thinking Skills. Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series, 1150(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1150/1/012065</p><p></p><p>Alias, N., Siraj, S., DeWitt, D., Attaran, M., & Nordin, A. (2013). Evaluation on the</p><p>Usability of Physics Module in a Secondary School in Malaysia: Students</p><p>Retrospective. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1(1), 00.</p><p></p><p>Aliza Ali, & Zamri Mahamod. (2016). Pembangunan dan kebolehgunaan modul</p><p>berasaskan bermain bagi pembelajaran kemahiran Bahasa Melayu kanak-kanak</p><p>prasekolah. Malay Language Education Journal MyLEJ, 6(1), 21804842.</p><p></p><p>ALkhawaldeh, S. A. A. (2019). The Comparative Effects of Cyclic Inquiry Model,</p><p>Conceptual Change Text, and Traditional Instructions on Student Understanding</p><p>of Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plant. Journal of International Education</p><p>and Practice, 2(1), 3746. https://doi.org/10.30564/jiep.v2i1.335</p><p></p><p>Allamnakhrah, A. (2013). Learning Critical Thinking in Saudi Arabia: Student</p><p>Perceptions of Secondary Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs. Journal of</p><p>Education and Learning, 2(1), 197210. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n1p197</p><p></p><p>Alsaleh, N. J. (2020). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: Literature Review. TOJET:</p><p>The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.</p><p></p><p>Altman, D. G., & Royston, P. (2006). The cost of dichotomising continuous variables.</p><p>British Medical Journal, 332(7549), 1080.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1080</p><p></p><p>American Association For The Advancement Of Science (AAAS). (2007). New York:</p><p>Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Anasy, Z. (2016). Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skill) in Reading Exercise. TARBIYA:</p><p>Journal of Education in Muslim Society. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v3i1.3886</p><p></p><p>Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for Learning</p><p>Teaching and Assessing. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A</p><p>Revision of Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.</p><p></p><p>Anthony, E.-L. A., & Yamat, H. (2020). Correlation Between Teachers Teaching</p><p>Styles and Pupils Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) Results.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7018</p><p></p><p>Anwer, M., Iqbal, H., & Harrison, C. (2012). Students attitude towards science: A case</p><p>of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 39.</p><p>Ariffin, A., Hasnan, N., Zakaria, N., Rubani, S. N. K., & Hamzah, N. (2020).</p><p>Pembangunan Bahan e-Pembelajaran Berasaskan Model Needham Lima Fasa bagi</p><p>Topik Konkrit. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 5(2), 6370.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.30880/ojtp.2020.05.02.008</p><p></p><p>Astalini, Kurniawan, D. A., Darmaji, Sholihah, L. R., & Perdana, R. (2019).</p><p>Characteristics of students attitude to Physics in Muaro Jambi High School.</p><p>Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7210</p><p></p><p>Avargil, S., Herscovitz, O., & Dori, Y. J. (2012). Teaching Thinking Skills in Context-</p><p>Based Learning: Teachers Challenges and Assessment Knowledge. Journal of</p><p>Science Education and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9302-7</p><p></p><p>Aydnlli, E., Dkme, I., nl, Z. K., ztrk, N., Demir, R., & Benli, E. (2011). Turkish</p><p>elementary school students performance on integrated science process skills.</p><p>Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 34693475.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.320</p><p></p><p>Aydodu, B., Erkol, M., & Erten, N. (2014). Taking Science to school. Asia-Pacific</p><p>Forum on Science Learning and Teaching (Vol. 15).</p><p></p><p>Aziz Bin Nordin & Lin Hui Ling. (2013). Hubungan Sikap Terhadap Mata Pelajaran</p><p>Sains Dengan Penguasaan Konsep Asas Sains Pelajar Tingkatan Dua. Journal of</p><p>science and mathematics educational</p><p></p><p>Azmi, Nurzatulshima, Umi, & Hazwan. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras</p><p>Tinggi (KBAT): Kesediaan guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Reka</p><p>Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di sekolah rendah. International Research Journal</p><p>of Education and Sciences (IRJES).</p><p></p><p>Balfakih, N. M. (2010). The assessment of the UAEs in-service and pre-service</p><p>Elementary science teachers in the integrated science process skills. In Procedia -</p><p>Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.577</p><p></p><p>Ball, A., Joyce, H. D., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2016). Exploring 21st Century Skills</p><p>and Learning Environments for Middle School Youth. International Journal of</p><p>School Social Work, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.4148/2161-4148.1012</p><p></p><p>Barak, M., & Dori, Y. J. (2005). Enhancing undergraduate students chemistry</p><p>understanding through project-based learning in an IT environment. Science</p><p>Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20027</p><p></p><p>Behar-Horenstein, L. S., & Niu, L. (2011). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills In Higher</p><p>Education: A Review Of The Literature. Journal of College Teaching & Learning</p><p>(TLC), 8(2), 2542. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i2.3554</p><p></p><p>Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., &</p><p>Rumble, M. (2014). Defining twenty-first century skills. In Assessment and</p><p>teaching of 21st century skills. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5_2</p><p></p><p>Birisi, S., & Metin, M. (2010). Developing an instructional material using a concept</p><p>cartoon adapted to the 5E model: A sample of teaching erosion. Asia-Pacific</p><p>Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 116.</p><p></p><p>Bloom, B. S., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The</p><p>classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and univesity</p><p>examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain.</p><p></p><p>Boaler, J., & Staples, M. (2008). Creating mathematical futures through an equitable</p><p>teaching approach: The case of Railside school. Teachers College Record.</p><p></p><p>Brooks, J. J. G., & Brooks, M. G. (1999). In Search of Understanding: The Case for</p><p>Constructivist Classrooms. Association for Supervision and Curriculum</p><p>Development.</p><p></p><p>Burke, L. A., & Williams, J. M. (2008). Developing Young Thinkers: An intervention</p><p>aimed to enhance childrens thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.01.001</p><p></p><p>Byrne, G. (2011). Using Socratic Circles to develop critical thinking skills. Practically</p><p>Primary.</p><p></p><p>Can, B., Yldz-Demirta, V., & Altun, E. (2017). The effect of project-based science</p><p>education programme on scientific process skills and conceptions of kindergarten</p><p>students. Journal of Baltic Science Education.</p><p></p><p>Caas, A. J., Reiska, P., & Mllits, A. (2017). Developing higher-order thinking skills</p><p>with concept mapping: A case of pedagogic frailty. Knowledge Management and</p><p>E-Learning. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2017.09.021</p><p></p><p>Cavas, P. (2011). Factors Affecting the Motivation of Turkish Primary Students for</p><p>Science Learning. Science Education International.</p><p></p><p>Chan, L. L., & Idris, N. (2017). Validity and Reliability of The Instrument Using</p><p>Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbachs alpha. International Journal of</p><p>Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), 400410.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i10/3387</p><p></p><p>Chapman, J. D., & Aspin, D. N. (2013). A Problem-Solving Approach to Addressing</p><p>Current Global Challenges in Education. British Journal of Educational Studies.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2012.756166</p><p></p><p>Cheng, S. C., She, H. C., & Huang, L. Y. (2018). The impact of problem-solving</p><p>instruction on middle school students physical science learning: Interplays of</p><p>knowledge, reasoning, and problem solving. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,</p><p>Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80902</p><p></p><p>Chesters, S. D. (2012). The Socratic Classroom. New York: Sense Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Chew Fong Peng, & Zul Hazmi Hamad. (2018). Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam</p><p>pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan Bahasa Melayu melalui teknik penyoalan.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu.</p><p></p><p>Chien, Y. T., & Chang, C. Y. (2012). Comparison of Different Instructional Multimedia</p><p>Designs for Improving Student Science-Process Skill Learning. Journal of Science</p><p>Education and Technology, 21(1), 106113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-</p><p>9286-3</p><p></p><p>Cho, Y. H., Lee, S. Y., Jeong, D. W., Im, S. J., Choi, E. J., Lee, S. H., Yune, S. J.</p><p>(2012). The Development and Validation of a Test of Basic Process Skills. BMC</p><p>Medical Education, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-39</p><p></p><p>Choorapanthiyil, M. J. (2007). How International Teaching Assistants Conceptualize</p><p>Teaching Higher Order Thinking: A Grounded Theory Approach. ProQuest</p><p>Dissertations and Theses.</p><p></p><p>Chorzempa, B. F., & Lapidus, L. (2009). " To Find Yourself , Think for Yourself "</p><p>Discussions Classrooms. ProQuest Education Journals.</p><p></p><p>Chowning, J. T. (2009). Socratic Seminars in Science Class. Science Teacher.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan edisi kedua. McGrawHill Education.</p><p></p><p>Chun, T. C., & Abdullah, M. N. L. Y. B. (2019). The teaching of higher order thinking</p><p>skills (HOTS) in Malaysian schools: Policy and practices. Malaysian Online</p><p>Journal of Educational Management. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol7no3.1</p><p></p><p>Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Math, science, and technology in the early</p><p>grades. Future of Children. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2016.0013</p><p></p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research Methods in Education.</p><p>Research Methods in Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, QuCreswell, J. W. (2014). .</p><p>Research design Qualitative quantitative and mixed methods approaches.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2antitative,. Research Design</p><p>Qualitative Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2</p><p></p><p>Creswell, John W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed</p><p>methods approaches (Fifth Edit). SAGE Publications Inc.</p><p></p><p>Cuevas, P., Lee, O., Hart, J., & Deaktor, R. (2005a). Improving science inquiry with</p><p>elementary students of diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research in Science</p><p>Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20053</p><p></p><p>Cuevas, P., Lee, O., Hart, J., & Deaktor, R. (2005b). Improving science inquiry with</p><p>elementary students of diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research in Science</p><p>Teaching, 42(3), 337357. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20053</p><p></p><p>Darmaji, Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, Perdana, R., Kuswanto, & Ikhlas, M. (2020). Do</p><p>a science process skills affect on critical thinking in science? Differences in urban</p><p>and rural. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(4),</p><p>874880. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20687</p><p></p><p>Dewey, J., & Bento, J. (2009). Activating childrens thinking skills (ACTS): The effects</p><p>of an infusion approach to teaching thinking in primary schools. British Journal</p><p>of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709908X344754</p><p></p><p>Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Scharber, C., & Miller, C. (2009). Using the</p><p>technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge framework to design online</p><p>learning environments and professional development. Journal of Educational</p><p>Computing Research. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.41.3.d</p><p></p><p>Effandi, Z. (2015). Integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pengajaran dan</p><p>pembelajaran matematik : Analisis keperluan guru . PENDIDIKAN BERMUTU</p><p>UNTUK . SDM BERKARAKTER Proceeding Book , Education Graduate</p><p>Regional Conference in Counseling Centre Profesional Counselor, (January).</p><p></p><p>Ekici, M., & Erdem, M. (2020). Developing Science Process Skills through Mobile</p><p>Scientific Inquiry. Thinking Skills and Creativity.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100658</p><p></p><p>Elder, L., & Paul, R. (2010). Critical Thinking: Competency Standards Essential for the</p><p>Cultivation of Intellectual Skills, Part 1. Journal of Developmental Education,</p><p>34(2), 3839. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ986272</p><p></p><p>Ellis Wong, S. T., & Che Nidzam Che Ahmad. (2016). Interaksi guru dan sikap pelajar</p><p>Malaysia terhadap biologi : Satu kajian perbandingan etnik Teacher interactions</p><p>and Malaysian students attitudes toward biology : A study in ethnic comparison.</p><p>GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(8), 148</p><p>160.</p><p></p><p>Eng Tek Ong, B. H. M. H. (2016). Penguasaan Kemahiran Proses Sains Asas Dalam</p><p>Kalangan Murid Sekolah Rendah Di Selangor Pengenalan Sains mula</p><p>diperkenalkan di sekolah rendah pada tahun 1968 melalui Kurikulum Sains Projek</p><p>Khas yang mensasarkan murid tahun 1 hingga tahun 6 dengan matlamat. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 3(2), 7790.</p><p></p><p>Ennis, R. H. (1989). Critical Thinking and Subject Specificity: Clarification and</p><p>Needed Research. Educational Researcher.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018003004</p><p></p><p>Ennis, R. H. (2011). Critical Thinking: Reflection and Perspective Part I. Inquiry:</p><p>Critical Thinking across the Disciplines.</p><p></p><p>Ewing, J., & Whittington, S. (2009). Describing the Cognitive Level of Professor</p><p>Discourse and Student Cognition in College of Agriculture Class Sessions.</p><p>Journal of Agricultural Education, 50(4), 3649.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2009.04036</p><p></p><p>Faezah Abd. Ghani & Mazlan Aris. (2012). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Modul</p><p>Kemahiran Mengawal Stress Kehidupan Guru. Jurnal Teknologi Fakulti</p><p>Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 58, 21803722.</p><p></p><p>Fahim, M., & Pezeshki, M. (2012). Manipulating Critical Thinking Skills in Test</p><p>Taking. International Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i1.1169</p><p></p><p>Fan, L., & Zhu, Y. (2007). From convergence to divergence: The development of</p><p>mathematical problem solving in research, curriculum, and classroom practice in</p><p>Singapore. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-007-0044-1</p><p></p><p>Fan, L., & Zhu, Y. (2008). Using performance assessment in secondary school</p><p>mathematics: an empirical study in a Singapore classroom. Journal of</p><p>Mathematics Education.</p><p></p><p>Fatin Aliah, P., Mohd Salleh, A., Mohammad Bilal, A., & Salmiza, S. (2014). Faktor</p><p>penyumbang kepada kemerosotan penyertaan pelajar dalam aliran. Sains</p><p>Humanika, 2(4), 6371.</p><p></p><p>Fisher, R. (1999). Thinking skills to thinking schools: Ways to develop childrens</p><p>thinking and learning. Early Child Development and Care.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443991530104</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2017). How to design and evaluate</p><p>research in education. McGrawHill.</p><p></p><p>Fraser, B. J. (1978). Development of a test of sciencerelated attitudes. Science</p><p>Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730620411</p><p></p><p>Friedmn, & Thomas L. (2007). The World Is Flat: A Brief of twenty-first century. New</p><p>york: Straus And Giroux.</p><p></p><p>Gelven, D. R., & Stewart, B. R. (2001). Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Tech</p><p>Prep Students Using Applied Communications. The Journal of Technology</p><p>Studies. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v27i2.a.5</p><p></p><p>Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Methodologi Penyelidikan Dalam</p><p>Pendidikan: Amalan dan Analisis Kajian. 2016 (2nd Editio). Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Glaser, & Maynard, E. (1994). An experiment in the development of critical thinking</p><p>[microform],. ResearchGate.</p><p></p><p>Glaze, A. L. (2018). Teaching and learning science in the 21st century: Challenging</p><p>critical assumptions in post-secondary science. Education Sciences, 8(1), 18.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010012</p><p></p><p>Grove, N. P., & Lowery Bretz, S. (2012). A continuum of learning: From rote</p><p>memorization to meaningful learning in organic chemistry. Chemistry Education</p><p>Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1rp90069b</p><p></p><p>Gustiani, P. D., Trisminingsih, R., & Abdillah, L. (2018). Pembangunan Modul</p><p>Dokumentasi Aplikasi Point Of Sale Odoo Berbasis Web Di PT Belant Persada.</p><p>Jurnal Sains Terapan. https://doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.8.1.72-87</p><p></p><p>Habellia, R. C., & Suyanta, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Science</p><p>Web-Module on the Students Thinking Skills and Positive Attitudes Towards</p><p>Science. Scientiae Educatia, 8(1), 23.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.24235/sc.educatia.v8i1.4099</p><p></p><p>Hair, Jr, J. F. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Essentials of Business</p><p>Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315704562</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2020). Essentials of Business Research Methods</p><p>Fourth Edition. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.</p><p></p><p>Halim, Fatin Azhana Abd Aziz, L. (2019). Impact of Concept Mapping on Students </p><p>Critical Thinking Skills in Science. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 44(1), 8392.</p><p></p><p>Hamdan, N., Tee, T. K., Yee, M. H., Masran, S. H., Yunos, J. M., Mohamad, M. M.,</p><p> Shafei, S. (2019). An effectiveness of high order thinking skills (HOTS) selfinstructional</p><p>manual for students assignment achievement. Journal of Technical</p><p>Education and Training, 11(1), 6372.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2019.11.01.008</p><p></p><p>Haniah, A. R., Aman, A., & Setiawan, R. (2020). Integration of strengthening of</p><p>character education and higher order thinking skills in history learning. Journal of</p><p>Education and Learning (EduLearn).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i2.15010</p><p></p><p>Harlen OBE, W. (2017). The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. The Teaching of</p><p>Science in Primary Schools. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315850962</p><p></p><p>Harlen, W. (2018). The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools, 7th Edition. David</p><p>Fulton Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Hashim, B., Abd Rahman, N., & Yahya, R. A. S. (2017a). Menilai Teknik Penyebatian</p><p>Kemahiran Berfikir sebagai Satu Alternatif untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran</p><p>Berfikir dan Memahami Mata Pelajaran Fizik. Sains Humanika, 9(15).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1183</p><p></p><p>Hashim, B., Abd Rahman, N., & Yahya, R. A. S. (2017b). Menilai Teknik Penyebatian</p><p>Kemahiran Berfikir sebagai Satu Alternatif untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran</p><p>Berfikir dan Memahami Mata Pelajaran Fizik. Sains Humanika, 9(15), 101108.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1183</p><p></p><p>Hashim, D. A., & Nor, M. Y. M. (2019). Tahap Kepimpinan Coaching Guru Besar dan</p><p>Kesediaan Guru dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 di Sekolah</p><p>Rendah. International Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 5071.</p><p></p><p>Hashim, R. (2003). Educational Dualism in Malaysia: Implications for Theory and</p><p>Practice. By Rosnani Hashim. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii, 204</p><p>pp. $55.00 (cloth). The Journal of Asian Studies, 57(3), 912913.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2307/2658815</p><p></p><p>Hassan, M. N., Mustapha, R., Nik Yusuff, N. A., & Mansor, R. (2017). Pembangunan</p><p>Modul Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi di dalam Mata Pelajaran Sains Sekolah</p><p>Rendah: Analisis Keperluan Guru. Sains Humanika, 9(15), 119125.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1185</p><p></p><p>Hastjarjo, T. D. (2019). Rancangan Eksperimen-Kuasi Quasi-Experimental Design.</p><p>Buletin Psikologi.</p><p></p><p>Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in</p><p>psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods.</p><p>Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-</p><p>3590.7.3.238</p><p></p><p>Heard, J., Scoular, C., Duckworth, D., Ramalingam, D., & Teo, I. (2020). Critical</p><p>Thinking : Definition and Structure. The Australian Council for Educational</p><p>Research Ltd 2020.</p><p></p><p>Heong, Y. M., Othman, W. B., Yunos, J. B. M., Kiong, T. T., Hassan, R. Bin, &</p><p>Mohamad, M. M. B. (2011). The Level of Marzano Higher Order Thinking</p><p>Skillsamong Technical Education Students. International Journal of Social</p><p>Science and Humanity. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2011.v1.20</p><p></p><p>Heong, Y. M., Yunos, J. M., Othman, W., Hassan, R., Kiong, T. T., & Mohamad, M.</p><p>M. (2012). The Needs Analysis of Learning Higher Order Thinking Skills for</p><p>Generating Ideas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 197203.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.265</p><p></p><p>Hidayat, I., Desi, Lesmini, B., Sukaryawan, M., & Mujamil, J. (2021). Implementation</p><p>and the Impact of Constructivism-Based Module on Students Academic</p><p>Achievement, 513, 6469. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201230.084</p><p></p><p>Hingorjo, M. R., & Jaleel, F. (2012). Analysis of one-best MCQs: The difficulty index,</p><p>discrimination index and distractor efficiency. Journal of the Pakistan Medical</p><p>Association, 62(2), 142147.</p><p></p><p>Hong, K., & Jacob, S. M. (2012). Critical Thinking and Socratic Questioning in</p><p>Asynchronous Mathematics Discussion Forums. Malaysian Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology.</p><p></p><p>Hu, B., & West, A. (2015). Exam-oriented education and implementation of education</p><p>policy for migrant children in urban China. Educational Studies.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2014.977780</p><p></p><p>Hu, H.-W. (2020). The Effects of Questioning Strategies on Young Girl Students in</p><p>Webquest Activities.</p><p></p><p>Huang, L., Huang, F., Oon, P. T., & Mak, M. C. K. (2019). Constructs evaluation of</p><p>student attitudes towards science. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and</p><p>Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/109168</p><p></p><p>Iksan, Z. H. (2017). Reflections on Teaching and Learning of Mathematics through</p><p>Lesson Study and Video Critique. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.41.2499</p><p></p><p>Iksan, Z. I., Halim, L., & Osman, K. (2006). Sikap terhadap Sains dalam kalangan</p><p>pelajar Sains di peringkat menengah dan matrikulasi. Pertanika Journal of Social</p><p>Sciences & Humanities, 14(2), 131147.</p><p></p><p>Insani, M. D., Pratiwi, N., & Muhardjito, M. (2019). Higher-order thinking skills based</p><p>on Marzano taxonomy in basic biology I course. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi</p><p>Indonesia). https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i3.10171</p><p></p><p>Irfan Naufal Umar, & Sajap Maswan. (2004). Aplikasi pendekatan inkuiri dalam</p><p>persekitaran pembelajaran berasaskan web. Persidangan E-Pembelajaran</p><p>Kebangsaan 2004.</p><p></p><p>Irwanto, Rohaeti, E., Widjajanti, E., & Suyanta. (2017). Students science process skill</p><p>and analytical thinking ability in chemistry learning. AIP Conference Proceedings,</p><p>1868, 1013. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995100</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2010). Statistics : plain and simple. Statistics Plain and Simple.</p><p></p><p>Jais, A., Yahaya, N., Ibrahim, N. H., & Hasan, M. N. (2014). Pendekatan Inkuiri dan</p><p>Teknik Penyoalan Terbuka Guru : Isu Dan Perlaksanaannya Dalam Proses</p><p>Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Kimia. International Education Postgraduate</p><p>Seminar, 672.</p><p></p><p>Jamil, N. A. (2017). Pengukuran Pembelajaran Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Dalam</p><p>Kalangan Murid Guru Yang Dibimbing (Gdb) Oleh Pegawai Sisc+. Simposium</p><p>Pendidikan DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah An-Nur (SPRiN2017).</p><p></p><p>Jelas, Z. M., & Dahan, H. M. (2010). Gender and educational performance: The</p><p>Malaysian perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 720</p><p>727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.098</p><p></p><p>Johansson, E. (2020). The Assessment of Higher-order Thinking Skills in Online EFL</p><p>Courses: A Quantitative Content Analysis. NJES Nordic Journal of English</p><p>Studies. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.519</p><p></p><p>Jonassen, D. (2013). Designing constructivist learning environments. In Instructional-</p><p>Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603784-16</p><p></p><p>Jusoh, R. (2012). Effects of Teachers Readiness in Teaching and Learning of</p><p>Entrepreneurship Education in Primary Schools. International Interdisciplinary</p><p>Journal of Education, 1(7), 98102. https://doi.org/10.12816/0002885</p><p></p><p>Kamisah Osman, -, Zanaton Haji Iksan, -, & Lilia Halim, -. (2007). Sikap terhadap sains</p><p>dan sikap saintifik di kalangan pelajar sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17576/JPEN-2007-%x</p><p></p><p>Kan, A., & , A. A. (2006). Affective Factors That Influence Chemistry Achievement</p><p>( Attitude a nd Self Efficacy ) and The Power Of These Factors To Predict</p><p>Chemistry Achievement-I. Journal of TURKISH SCIENCE EDUCATION, 3(1),</p><p>7685.</p><p></p><p>Kannan A/L Rajagopal. (2016). Membina Dan Menilai Modul Bioaction Bagi</p><p>Pengendalian Aktiviti Amali Mata Pelajaran Biologi Tingkatan Empat. Fakulti</p><p>Sains Dan Matematik.</p><p></p><p>Karar, E. E., & Yenice, N. (2012). The Investigation of Scientific Process Skill Level</p><p>of Elementary Education 8th Grade Students in View of Demographic Features.</p><p>Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.166</p><p></p><p>Karpudewan, M., Ahmad, A. N., & Chandrasegaran, A. L. (2017). Overcoming</p><p>Students Misconceptions in Science: Strategies and Perspectives from Malaysia.</p><p>Overcoming Students Misconceptions in Science: Strategies and Perspectives</p><p>from Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3437-4</p><p></p><p>Kassim, N., & Zakaria, E. (2015). Integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam</p><p>pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik: Analisis keperluan guru. In Prosiding</p><p>Seminar Education Graduate Regional Conference (EGRC 2015).</p><p></p><p>Keleman, M. (2021). Assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills Through Stem</p><p>Integration Project-Based Learning for Elementary Level. International Journal</p><p>of Social Science and Human Research, 04(04), 835846.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i4-40</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p>2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Khairulhasni Abdul Kadir, Norazah Nordin, zanaton I. (2019). Integrasi Analogi dan</p><p>Teknologi: Strategi Penerapan Pemikiran Kreatif. Penerbit UKM, UKM Press</p><p>(Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i2/4120</p><p></p><p>Khairunisa Mohamad Fakri. (2013). Pembelajaran Berkonsepkan Teori</p><p>Konstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham Dalam Persekitaran Web 2.0 Dan Kesannya</p><p>Dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Khairunnisa Abd Hamid, & Anuar Ahmad. (2018). Tahap Pengetahuan Pedagogi Isi</p><p>Kandungan (Ppik) Bagi Guru Dalam Mata Sejarah Di Sekolah Menengah. Fakulti</p><p>Pendidikan, UKM.</p><p></p><p>Kiong, T., Universiti, T., Hussein, T., Pendidikan, U., Idris, S., Mei, H., </p><p>Investigation, C. (2013). the Implementation of Thinking Skills Module for</p><p>Secondary School Students, (JUNE). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1888.8644</p><p></p><p>Klein, P. (2004). Review of Learning to Think: Disciplinary Perspectives. Canadian</p><p>Journal of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v34i1.183452</p><p></p><p>Kline, R. B. (2009). Becoming a Behavioral Science Researcher: A Guide to Producing</p><p>Research That Matters (Vol. 53). The Guilford Press.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</p><p></p><p>Knezic, D., Wubbels, T., Elbers, E., & Hajer, M. (2010). The Socratic Dialogue and</p><p>teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.006</p><p></p><p>Koller, I., Levenson, M. R., & Glck, J. (2017). What do you think you are measuring?</p><p>A mixed-methods procedure for assessing the content validity of test items and</p><p>theory-based scaling. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(FEB).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00126</p><p></p><p>Kong, S. F., & Mohd Effendi, M. M. (2020). Sikap Pelajar Terhadap Implementasi</p><p>Sains , Teknologi , Kejuruteraan dan Matematik ( STEM ) dalam Pembelajaran.</p><p>Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan.</p><p></p><p>Knsting, J., Kempf, J., & Wirth, J. (2013). Enhancing scientific discovery learning</p><p>through metacognitive support. Contemporary Educational Psychology.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.07.001</p><p></p><p>Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, A., Kurniawan, N., & Pathoni, H. (2019). Analisis korelasi</p><p>sikap siswa dan disiplin siswa terhadap IPA pada Siswa SMP Provinsi Jambi.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Keilmuan (JPFK).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.25273/jpfk.v5i2.5014</p><p></p><p>Lam, F. (2011). The Socratic Method as an approach to learning and its benefits.</p><p>Dietrich College Honors Theses, 51. Retrieved from</p><p>http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/?utm_source=repository.cmu.edu%252Fhss</p><p>honors%252F134&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages</p><p></p><p>Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012a). Enhancement of Learning</p><p>Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry</p><p>Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279</p><p></p><p>Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012b). Enhancement of Learning</p><p>Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry</p><p>Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 46(August 2014), 44714475.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279</p><p></p><p>Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012c). Enhancement of Learning</p><p>Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry</p><p>Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 46, 44714475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279</p><p></p><p>Lee, M. F., & Zainal, N. A. (2018). Development of needham model based E-module</p><p>for electromagnetic field & wave. IEEE International Conference on Industrial</p><p>Engineering and Engineering Management, 2017-Decem, 120124.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2017.8289863</p><p></p><p>Lohr, L., & Chang, S. L. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction. Educational</p><p>Technology Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02504860</p><p></p><p>Mahadzir, M. Z. Bin, & Mahadi, M. Bin. (2017). Keberkesanan Penggunaan Modul</p><p>Amali Plc Simulator . National Innovation and Invention Competition Through</p><p>Exhibition (ICompExXX).</p><p></p><p>Maison, Darmaji, Astalini, Kurniawan, D. A., & Indrawati, P. S. (2019). Science</p><p>process skills and motivation. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.756</p><p></p><p>Makhene, A. (2019). The use of the Socratic inquiry to facilitate critical thinking in</p><p>nursing education. Health SA Gesondheid.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1224</p><p></p><p>Mariani, A., & Ismail, Z. (2013). Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Matematik Ke Atas</p><p>Amalan Pengajaran Kreatif. 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable</p><p>Education (ISQAE 2013), 2020(Isqae), 20062010.</p><p></p><p>Marshall, J. C. (2008). K-12 Science and Mathematics Teachers Beliefs About and</p><p>Use of Inquiry in the Classroom. International Journal of Science and</p><p>Mathematics Education, 16(2), 797810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-</p><p>0506-6</p><p></p><p>Mat, H. binti. (2019). Development and Effect of Integrated Science Process Skills</p><p>Module Towards Higher Order Thinking Skills Based on Edutainment.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(2),</p><p>919931. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i2/5638</p><p></p><p>Maxfield, M. B. (2011). The effects of small group cooperation methods and question</p><p>strategies on problem solving skills, achievement, and attitude during problembased</p><p>learning. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.</p><p></p><p>McGuinness, C, Eakin, A., Curry, C., & Sheehy, N. (2007). Building thinking skills in</p><p>thinking classrooms: ACTS in Northern Ireland. 13th International Conference on</p><p>Thinking.</p><p></p><p>McGuinness, Carol. (1999). From Thinking Skills To Thinking Classrooms. School of</p><p>Psychology, Queens University, Blefast.</p><p></p><p>Meador, K. S. (2003). Thinking Creatively about Science Suggestions for Primary</p><p>Teachers. Gifted Child Today. https://doi.org/10.4219/gct-2003-93</p><p></p><p>Miri, B., David, B. C., & Uri, Z. (2007). Purposely teaching for the promotion of higherorder</p><p>thinking skills: A case of critical thinking. Research in Science Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-006-9029-2</p><p></p><p>Mohamad Nurul Azmi, M. N., Nurzatulshima, K., Umi Kalthom, A. M., & Mohd</p><p>Hazwan, M. P. (2017). Pengetahuan Kandungan dan Kemahiran Pedagogi guru</p><p>dalam kurikulum Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT): Analisis kajian rintis.</p><p>Graduate Research in Education Seminar (GREduc).</p><p></p><p>Mohamed Noh, N., Abdullah, N., Kung Teck, W., & Hamzah, M. (2017).</p><p>Keberkesanan pendekatan Flipped Classroom dalam pembelajaran Sains di</p><p>Sekolah Rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia, 7(2), 106</p><p>118. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol7.no2.8.2017</p><p></p><p>Mohd Dahlan, M. F., & Zulkifli, H. (2020). Kefahaman Dan Kemahiran Guru</p><p>Pendidikan Islam Terhadap Kaedah Sokratik. Journal of Quran Sunnah Education</p><p>& Special Needs. https://doi.org/10.33102/jqss.vol4no1.59</p><p></p><p>Mohd Daud, J. (2017). Kesan Integrasi Model Salmon Dan Teori Konstruktivisme Lima</p><p>Fasa Needham Terhadap Pencapaian Dan Sikap Pelajar Dalam E-Pembelajaran</p><p>Sains Komputer Memperoleh Ijazah Doktor Falsafah Fakulti Seni , Komputeran</p><p>Dan Industri Kreatif. Fakulti Seni, Komputeran Dan Industri Kreatif.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Jelas, Z., Mohamad Salleh, N., Mohd. Ali, M., & Abd Majid, R. (2012). Action</p><p>learning in higher education: Linking university and community. International</p><p>Journal of Learning. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v18i08/47707</p><p></p><p>Mohd Noor, A. (2012). Redesigning Classroom Pedagogy. National Institute of</p><p>Education Singapore. Retrieved from conference.nie.edu.sg/paper/new</p><p>converted/ab00181.pdf</p><p></p><p>Mohd Shafie b. Rosli, B. A. & N. Y. (2012). Pembangunan Persekitaran Pembelajaran</p><p>Inkuiri untuk Pendidikan Tertier dan Pengujian Keberkesananya. Jurnal</p><p>Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia Bilangan 2, Nombor 1, Mac 2012, 2335.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Syaubari Othman &, & Ahmad Yunus kasim. (2017). Pelaksanaan amalan</p><p>pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam sekolah menerusi kaedah penyoalan</p><p>berdasarkan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Tinta Artikulasi Membina</p><p>Ummah 3(1), 2017 42-53, e-ISSN: 2289-960X, 7(1), 19. Retrieved from</p><p>www.akademiabaru.com/arsbs.html</p><p></p><p>Moore, L. L., & Rudd, R. D. (2004). Leadership Skills And Competenices For</p><p>Extension Directors And Administrators. Journal of Agricultural Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.03022</p><p></p><p>Mumba, F., Miles, E., & Chabalegnula, V. (2018). Elementary Education In-service</p><p>Teachers Familiarity, Interest, Conceptual Knowledge and Performance on</p><p>Science Process Skills. Journal of STEM Teacher Education, 53(2).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.30707/jste53.2mumba</p><p></p><p>Muniandy, V. (2016). Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan, (November), 2324. Retrieved</p><p>from</p><p>http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/61263/1/JohariSurif2014_PenerapanStrategiPeng</p><p>utaraanMasalah.pdf</p><p></p><p>Muslimin, M. S., Nordin, N. M., & Mansor, A. Z. (2017). MobiEko : A MOBILE</p><p>EDUCATIONAL APP. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instructional,</p><p>2017(Special Issues), 221255.</p><p></p><p>Nachiappan, S., Muthaiah, L., & Suffian, S. (2017). Analisis sikap murid terhadap mata</p><p>pelajaran Sains di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil). Jurnal Pendidikan Sains</p><p>Dan Matematik Malaysia, 7(2), 85105.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol7.no2.7.2017</p><p></p><p>Nahar, N., & Safar, J. (2017). Penguasaan Pengetahuan Kandungan ( Content</p><p>Knowledge ) : Pemangkin Keterampilan Pedagogi Jawi Berkesan Abad Ke-21.</p><p>Jurnlal Teknikal & Sains Sosial, (April), 4559.</p><p></p><p>Naiker, M., Sharma, B., Wakeling, L., Johnson, J. B., Kumar, B., Naidu, A., Brown,</p><p>S. (2020). Attitudes towards science among senior secondary students in Fiji.</p><p>Waikato Journal of Education, 25(1), 5772.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v25i0.704</p><p></p><p>Navarro, M., Frster, C., Gonzlez, C., & Gonzlez-Pose, P. (2016). Attitudes toward</p><p>science: measurement and psychometric properties of the Test of Science-Related</p><p>Attitudes for its use in Spanish-speaking classrooms. International Journal of</p><p>Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1195521</p><p></p><p>Nik Kar, N. Z., & Saleh, S. (2012). The effect of inquiry discovery approach towards</p><p>students achievement in the subject of chemistry. Asia Pacific Journal of</p><p>Educators and Education.</p><p></p><p>Nik Mohd Rahimi Nik Yusoff, Nurulhuda Hasan, & Mahat Afifi. (2012). Pengetahuan</p><p>Pedagogi Isi Kandungan (PPIK) Pengajaran Bahasa Arab. In Persidangan</p><p>Kebangsaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Noor Hidayah Ibrahim, & Zanaton H.Iksan. (2017). Strategi Meta Kognitif Untuk</p><p>Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Dalam Proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran.</p><p>Simposium Pendidikan.</p><p></p><p>Norazlin Mohd Rusdin, S. R. A. (2013). Amalan Dan Cabaran Pelaksanaan</p><p>Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21. Proceedings of Islamic Civilization and Technology</p><p>Management, 20132025.</p><p></p><p>Nordin, A., & Ling, L. H. (2011). Hubungan Sikap Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Sains</p><p>Dengan Penguasaan Konsep Asas Sains Pelajar Tingkatan Dua. Journal of</p><p>Science & Mathematics Educational.</p><p></p><p>Norlida Binti Mohd Yaacob. (2019). Pembangunan Modul Pengajaran Kreatif Asid</p><p>Bes Pendidikan Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan Dan Matematik. Fakulti Sains</p><p>Dan Matematik.</p><p></p><p>Nurina, D. L., & Retnawati, H. (2015). Keefektifan Pembelajaran Menggunakan</p><p>Pendekatan Problem Posing dan Pendekatan Open-Ended Ditinjau Dari HOTS.</p><p>PYTHAGORAS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 129.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v10i2.9128</p><p></p><p>Oloruntegbe, K. O. (2010). Approaches To The Assessment Of Science Process Skills:</p><p>A Reconceptualist View And Option. Journal of College Teaching & Learning</p><p>(TLC), 7(6), 1118. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v7i6.125</p><p></p><p>Oloyede, O. I. (2012). The Relationship between Acquisition of Science Process Skills</p><p>, Formal Reasoning Ability and Chemistry Achievement. International Journal of</p><p>ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 8(1), 14. Retrieved from</p><p>https://ojcs.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/ijaaas/article/download/664/779</p><p></p><p>Oluwatayo, J. A. (2012). Validity and Reliability Issues in Educational Research.</p><p>Journal of Educational and Social Research.</p><p></p><p>Ong, K. K. A., Hart, C. E., & Chen, P. K. (2016). Promoting Higher-Order Thinking</p><p>through Teacher Questioning: A Case Study of a Singapore Science Classroom.</p><p>New Waves-Educational Research and Development Journal.</p><p></p><p>Osborne, J., Simon, S., & Collins, S. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of</p><p>the literature and its implications. International Journal of Science Education,</p><p>25(9), 10491079. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069032000032199</p><p></p><p>Osman, K., Iksan, Z., & Halim, L. (2007). Sikap terhadap sains dan sikap saintifik di</p><p>kalangan pelajar sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Osman, M. E., & Hannafin, M. J. (1994). Effects of Advance Questioning and Prior</p><p>Knowledge on Science Learning. Journal of Educational Research.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1994.9944829</p><p></p><p>Osman, Z., Zain, A., & Mustafa, M. C. (2021). Interaction Module Development Based</p><p>on Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in</p><p>Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 1-.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i2/9727</p><p></p><p>Othman, N., & Amiruddin, M. H. (2010). Different perspectives of learning styles from</p><p>VARK model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 652660.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.088</p><p></p><p>zgelen, S. (2012). Students science process skills within a cognitive domain</p><p>framework. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education,</p><p>8(4), 283292. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2012.846a</p><p></p><p>Palincsar, A. S. (1998). Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning.</p><p>Annual Review of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.345</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS Survival Manual Survival Manual Pallant. McGraw-Hill</p><p>Education.</p><p></p><p>Pappas, E., Pierrakos, O., & Nagel, R. (2013). Using Blooms Taxonomy to teach</p><p>sustainability in multiple contexts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48(April 2020),</p><p>5464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.039</p><p></p><p>Parks, E. L. (2020). Joining the conversation: Teaching students to think and</p><p>communicate like scholars. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000193</p><p></p><p>Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2007). Socratic Questioning Techniques. The Thinkers Guide to</p><p>the Art of Socratic Questioning, 110. https://doi.org/10.1037/027900</p><p></p><p>Pedaste, M., Meots, M., Siiman, L. A., de Jong, T., van Riesen, S. A. N., Kamp, E. T.,</p><p> Tsourlidaki, E. (2015). Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the</p><p>inquiry cycle. Educational Research Review.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.02.003</p><p></p><p>Perry, S., & Twomey, C. (2005). Constructivis Theory, Perspectives, And practice</p><p>Second Edition Constructivism: A Psychological Theory of Learning.</p><p>Constructivism,Theory, Perspectives and Practice, 8,. Retrieved from</p><p>http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/emeyers/LIBR535/readings/Fosnot&Perry_2005.pdf</p><p></p><p>Pogrow, S. (2005). HOTS revisited: A thinking development approach to reducing the</p><p>learning gap after grade 3. Phi Delta Kappan.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170508700111</p><p></p><p>Puchta, H. (2007). More than little Parrots: Developing Young Learners Speaking</p><p>Skills. Www.Herbertpuchta.Com.</p><p></p><p>Pursitasari, I. D., Suhardi, E., Putra, A. P., & Rachman, I. (2020). Enhancement of</p><p>students critical thinking skill through science context-based inquiry learning.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i1.21884</p><p></p><p>Ramasamy, S. (2016). Teachers Levels of Knowledge and Interest on Higher Order</p><p>Thinking Skills (HOTS) According to the Field Taught and Category of Schools.</p><p>Journal of Modern Education Review.</p><p></p><p>Ramlee Mustapha. (2013). Transforming Education Toward K-Economy In Malaysia.</p><p>Interntaional Journal For Educational Studies, 6(1).</p><p></p><p>Retnawati, H., Djidu, H., Kartianom, Apino, E., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Teachers</p><p>knowledge about higher-order thinking skills and its learning strategy. Problems</p><p>of Education in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/18.76.215</p><p></p><p>Risnawati, A. (2020). Pentingnya Pembelajaran Sains bagi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.</p><p>Prosiding Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam Dan Sains.</p><p></p><p>Roebianto, A. (2020). The Effects of Students Attitudes and Self-Efficacy on Science</p><p>Achievement. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v9i1.14490</p><p></p><p>Roostin, E. (2020). Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Dan Sikap Sains Anak Melalui</p><p>Metode Eksperimen Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Kajian Anak (J-Sanak).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.24127/j-sanak.v2i01.360</p><p></p><p>Rubani, S. N. K., Norrahim, N., Hamzah, N., Ariffin, A., & Subramaniam, T. S. (2018).</p><p>Penggunaan Kaedah Inkuiri Penemuan Terhadap Minat Pelajar Dalam</p><p>Eksperimen Sains Tahun 5. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners.</p><p></p><p>Rubio-Codina, M., Araujo, M. C., Attanasio, O., Muoz, P., & Grantham-McGregor,</p><p>S. (2016). Concurrent validity and feasibility of short tests currently used to</p><p>measure early childhood development in large scale studies. PLoS ONE.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160962</p><p></p><p>Rutjens, B. T., Heine, S. J., Sutton, R. M., & van Harreveld, F. (2018). Attitudes</p><p>Towards Science. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 57(January),</p><p>125165. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.08.001</p><p></p><p>Saavedra, A. R., & Darleen Opfer, V. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires</p><p>21st-century teaching. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 813.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171209400203</p><p></p><p>Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21stcentury</p><p>teaching. The Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 813.</p><p></p><p>Saedah Siraj. (2020). Pendekatan Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan:</p><p>Aplikasi kepada Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Saidatul Akmal, A. A., Abdul Halim, A., Noor Dayana, A. H., & Dayana Farzeeha, A.</p><p>(2016). Tahap pengetahuan dan amalan guru Matematik sekolah menengah</p><p>terhadap pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT). Malaysian Journal</p><p>of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education.</p><p></p><p>Saido, G. M., Siraj, S., & Saadallah, O. (2015). Higher Order Thinking Skills among</p><p>Secondary School Students in Science Learning. Malaysian Online Journal of</p><p>Educational Sciences, 3(3), 1320.</p><p></p><p>Saleky, A. P. (2018). The Influence of Socratic Questioning Technique and Students</p><p>Critical Thinking toward Their Speaking Competence at SMA Negeri 11 Ambon.</p><p>Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v5i2.877</p><p></p><p>Sang, M. S. (2010). Falsafah Dan Pendidikan Di Malaysia. Multimedia marketing Sdn</p><p>Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Sanusi, N. A., & Ghazali, N. A. (2014). The Creation of Bangsa Malaysia: Towards</p><p>Vision 2020 Challenges. PROSIDING PERKEM Ke-9, 9(2014), 845850.</p><p>Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.ukm.my/fep/perkem/pdf/perkem2014/PERKEM_2014_5D1.pdf</p><p></p><p>Sarstedt, M., & Mooi, E. (2014). A Concise Guide to Market Research: The Process,</p><p>Data, and Methods Using IBM SPSS Statistic. Springer Texts in Business and</p><p>Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53965-7_9</p><p></p><p>Savran Gencer, A., & Dogan, H. (2020). The Assessment of the Fifth-Grade Students</p><p>Science Critical Thinking Skills through Design-Based STEM Education.</p><p>International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education.</p><p></p><p>Seman, S. C., Yusoff, W. M. W., & Embong, R. (2017). Teachers Challenges in</p><p>Teaching and Learning for Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Primary</p><p>School. International Journal of Asian Social Science.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2017.77.534.545</p><p></p><p>Seman, W. M. W. (2018). Teachers Knowledge of Higher Order Thinking and</p><p>Questioning Skills: A Case Study at a Primary School in Terengganu. Malaysia.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and</p><p>Development, 7(2), 4563. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i2/4120</p><p></p><p>Shafeei, K. N., Hassan, H., Ismail, F., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2018). Incorporating Higher</p><p>Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Questions in ESL Classroom Contexts. LSP</p><p>International Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v4n1.49</p><p></p><p>Shahsavar, Z., Hoon, T. B., Thai, Y. N., & Samah, B. A. (2013). Promoting tertiary</p><p>level students critical thinking through the use of socratic questioning on the blog.</p><p>Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 21(November), 5770.</p><p></p><p>Shairah, & Norazah. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir</p><p>Aras Tinggi ( KBAT ). Simposium Pendidikan DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah</p><p>An-Nur.</p><p></p><p>Sharifah Nor Puteh, Nor Adibah Ghazali, Mohd Mahzan Tamyis, A. A. (2012).</p><p>Keprihatinan Guru Bahasa Melayu Dalam Melaksanakan Kemahiran Berfikir</p><p>Secara Kritis Dan Kreatif. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2, 1931.</p><p></p><p>Sharma, B., Narayan, S., Khan, M. G. M., Kumar, B., Havea, R., Johnson, J. B., &</p><p>Naiker, M. (2021). The Attitudes of Tongan Senior Secondary Students Toward</p><p>Science. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-021-00203-6</p><p></p><p>Sharuji, W. N. S., & Nordin, N. M. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan</p><p>Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi ( Kbat ). Simposium Pendidikan.</p><p></p><p>Si-Mui Sim, & Raja Isaiah Rasiah. (2006). Relationship between item difficulty and</p><p>discrimination indices in true/false-type multiple choice questions of a paraclinical</p><p>multidisciplinary paper. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore,</p><p>35(2), 6771.</p><p></p><p>Sidek, Mohd Noah, J. A. (2005). Pembinaan Modul : bagaimana membina modul</p><p>latihan dan modul Akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia (Vol. 2).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p78</p><p></p><p>Sidek, M. N., & Jamaludin, A. (2005). Pembinaan Modul. Bagaimana Membina Modul</p><p>Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Penerbitan Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Siew, N. M., Chai, W. L., & Lee, B. N. (2021). The Kemahiran Proses Sains Tahap</p><p>Empat: Satu instrumen untuk Pelajar Tingkatan Empat Sekolah Menengah.</p><p>Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i3.689</p><p></p><p>Sigel, I. E. (1979). On Becoming a Thinker: A Psychoeducational Model. Educational</p><p>Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461527909529208</p><p></p><p>Singh, C. K. S., Singh, R. K. A., Singh, T. S. M., Mostafa, N. A., & Mohtar, T. M. T.</p><p>(2018). Developing a Higher Order Thinking Skills Module for Weak ESL</p><p>Learners. English Language Teaching, 11(7), 86.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n7p86</p><p></p><p>Siong, W. W., & Osman, K. (2018). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Permainan dalam</p><p>Pendidikan Stem dan Penguasaan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21. Politeknik & Kolej</p><p>Komuniti Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3, 1282875.</p><p></p><p>Siti Faridah, S., & Hartini, J. (2018). Kesan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berasaskan</p><p>masalah terhadap pemikiran kritis pelajar tingkatan empat dalam mata pelajaran</p><p>prinsip perakaunan. Management Research Journal.</p><p></p><p>Siti Hajar Taib, Mohd Azharin Ismail, & Maimun Aqsha Lubis Abdin Lubis. (2019).</p><p>Inovasi kesepaduan dan strategi pengajaran dan pembelajaran di era Revolusi</p><p>Industri 4.0. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and</p><p>Civilization.</p><p></p><p>Siti Mariam Mahamood, & Roslinda Rosli. (2020). Pendekatan Inkuiri Penemuan dan</p><p>Penerokaan Terbuka : Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematik Berasaskan Stem di</p><p>Peringkat Sekolah Rendah Siti Mariam Mahamood & Roslinda Rosli Fakulti</p><p>Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 774782.</p><p></p><p>Siti Mariam Zazam, & Kamisah Osman. (2017). Pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru</p><p>Sains sekolah rendah terhadap pemupukan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi ( Kbat</p><p>) dalam pembelajaran. Social Science Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS)</p><p>2017.</p><p></p><p>Siti Marlina Sabran. (2013). Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Pelajar</p><p>Tingkatan 5 Dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Matematik. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Information and Modeling.</p><p></p><p>Siti Sarah, M. R., & Lilia, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of Critical Thinking in</p><p>Improving Skills in KBAT Problem Solving. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan</p><p>Matematik Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Skills, C. (2010). Quality Science Education and 21st-Century Skills Introduction.</p><p>Science Education.</p><p></p><p>koda, J., Doulk, P., Blek, M., & imonov, I. (2016). Learning style as a factor</p><p>influencing the efectiveness of the inquiry-based science education at lower</p><p>secondary schools. Journal of Baltic Science Education.</p><p></p><p>Stafford-Davis, C. (2011). Multicultural Education in the Music Classroom:</p><p>Definitions, Methods, and Motives. Journal of Chemical Information and</p><p>Modeling, 53(9), 16891699.</p><p></p><p>Subramaniam, S. R. (2007). Action research for exemplary science teaching. Shah</p><p>Alam: Karisma Publications. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231317</p><p>Suhadi, S. M., Aris, B., Mohammed, H., Zaid, N. M., Abdullah, D. Z., Kunci:, K., </p><p></p><p>Sokratik, K. (2014). Penguasaan Pelajar Dalam Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi</p><p>Dengan Pembelajaran Kaedah Sokratik. Konvensyen Antarabangsa Jiwa</p><p>Pendidik, 2025(2012), 1113.</p><p></p><p>Suhanna Zainudin, & Zanaton Hj Iksan. (2015). Pemerkasaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras</p><p>Tinggi Dalam Sains. In Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Negara Kali Ke-5.</p><p></p><p>Sukiman Saad, N. S. S. dan M. U. D. (2014). Pengajaran kemahiran berfikir. Jernal</p><p>Pendidikan, 2(1), 1836.</p><p></p><p>Sundari. (2019). Hasil Belajar, Sikap, Persepsi Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Modul</p><p>Laju Reaksi Berbasis Konstruktivisme 5 fasa Needham Di SMA Negeri 15</p><p>Palembang. Universitas Sri Wijaya.</p><p></p><p>Susiani, K., & Suranata, K. (2017). Implementasi Metode Sokratik Melalui Lesson</p><p>Study Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa. Indonesian</p><p>Journal of Educational Counseling. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201711.4</p><p></p><p>Swartz, R. J. (2001). Infusing Critical and Creative Thinking into Content Instruction.</p><p>In Developing Minds.</p><p></p><p>Syafiq, M. H. (2019). Meningkatkan kemahiran menyoal dalam pengajaran. Asian</p><p>Education Action Research Journal (AEARJ, 8(1), 18. Retrieved from</p><p>https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/ESSS/article/download/3266/2251</p><p></p><p>Syaubari Othman. (2020). Isu Dan Permasalahan (PdP) Kemahiran Berfikir Aras</p><p>Tinggi Dalam Amalan Pengajaran Guru Mengikut Ibnu Khaldun. Malaysian</p><p>Journal Of Islamic Studies (MJIS), 4(1), 94106.</p><p></p><p>Syukri, M. (2016). Model Pengajaran Konstruktivisme Lima Fase Needham dalam</p><p>Pengintegrasian Pendidikan STEM. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan</p><p>Fisika 2016, (March).</p><p></p><p>Taasoobshirazi, G., & Farley, J. (2013). A multivariate model of physics problem</p><p>solving. Learning and Individual Differences.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.05.001</p><p></p><p>Tabachnick Barbara G., F. L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson</p><p>Education Ltd. (6th Editio). Pearson Education Ltd.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1037/022267</p><p></p><p>Tajularipin Sulaiman, Vickneswary Muniyan, Diwiyah Madhvan, Raidah Hasan, &</p><p>Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim. (2017). Implementation of higher order thinking</p><p>skills in teaching of Science. International Research Journal of Education and</p><p>Sciences, 1(1), 13.</p><p></p><p>Talib, O., Luan, W. S., Azhar, S. C., & Abdullah, N. (2009). Uncovering Malaysian</p><p>students motivation to learning science. European Journal of Social Sciences,</p><p>8(2), 266276.</p><p></p><p>Tan, S. Y., & Halili, S. H. (2015). Effective Teaching of Higher-Order Thinking (HOT)</p><p>in Education. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning.</p><p></p><p>Tanujaya, B., Mumu, J., & Margono, G. (2017). The Relationship between Higher</p><p>Order Thinking Skills and Academic Performance of Student in Mathematics</p><p>Instruction. International Education Studies, 10(11), 78.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p78</p><p></p><p>Thitima, G., & Sumalee, C. (2012). Scientific Thinking of the Learners Learning with</p><p>the Knowledge Construction Model Enhancing Scientific Thinking. Procedia -</p><p>Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.144</p><p></p><p>Tikva, J. B. (2010). Socratic teaching is not teaching, but direct transmission is: Notes</p><p>from 13 to 15-year olds conceptions of teaching. Teaching and Teacher</p><p>Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.001</p><p></p><p>Toma, R. B., Greca, I. M., & Orozco Gmez, M. L. (2019). Attitudes towards science</p><p>and views of nature of science among elementary school students in terms of</p><p>gender, cultural background and grade level variables. Research in Science and</p><p>Technological Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2018.1561433</p><p></p><p>Travers, J. F., Elliott, S. N., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1993). Educational psychology:</p><p>Effective teaching, effective learning. Educational psychology: Effective teaching,</p><p>effective learning.</p><p></p><p>Tuan Rahayu Tuan Lasan, M. A. C. N. & M. I. H. (2017). Pengetahuan, Sikap dan</p><p>Kesediaan Murid Terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dalam Mata</p><p>Pelajaran Tasawwur Islam. Tinta Artikulasi Membina Ummah.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.030</p><p></p><p>Tze, Universiti, T., Hussein, T., Pendidikan, U., Idris, S., Mei, H., Investigation, C.</p><p>(2013). the Implementation of Thinking Skills Module for Secondary School</p><p>Students, (JUNE). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1888.8644</p><p></p><p>Vebrianto, R., & Osman, K. (2011). The effect of multiple media instruction in</p><p>improving students science process skill and achievement. In Procedia - Social</p><p>and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.099</p><p></p><p>Veloo, A., Perumal, S., & Vikneswary, R. (2013). Inquiry-based Instruction, Students</p><p>Attitudes and Teachers Support Towards Science Achievement in Rural Primary</p><p>Schools. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93(2002), 6569.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.153</p><p></p><p>Vilia, P. N., Candeias, A. A., Neto, A. S., Franco, M. da G. S., & Melo, M. (2017).</p><p>Academic achievement in physics-chemistry: The predictive effect of attitudes</p><p>and reasoning abilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUN), 19.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01064</p><p></p><p>Vincent, A. (2018). Towards A Socratic Method of Teaching in the Nigerian</p><p>Classrooms, 5(June).</p><p></p><p>Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh. (2016). Pembinaan Modul Pembelajaran</p><p>Berasaskan Projek Bagi Tajuk Pembahagian Sel Wan. UKM.</p><p></p><p>Wilson, T. D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3(2), 4955.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.28945/576</p><p></p><p>Woodward, C., & Woodward, N. (1998). Welsh primary school leavers perceptions of</p><p>science. International Journal of Phytoremediation.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0263514980160104</p><p></p><p>Yadin, A. (2007). Implementation of blooms taxonomy on systems analysis</p><p>workshops. SIGED: IAIM 2007, Proceedings - 22nd Annual Conference,</p><p>78(January).</p><p></p><p>Yahaya, A., Ramli, J., & Boon, Y. (1999). Sumbangan Sikap Terhadap Pencapaian</p><p>Pelajar Dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematik: Sejauhmanakah Hubungan Ini</p><p>Releven? Eprints.Utm.My.</p><p></p><p>Yahya, A. A., Toukal, Z., & Osman, A. (2012a). Blooms taxonomy-based</p><p>classification for item bank questions using support vector machines. In Studies in</p><p>Computational Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30732-4_17</p><p></p><p>Yahya, A. A., Toukal, Z., & Osman, A. (2012b). Bloom s Taxonomy Based</p><p>Classification for Item Bank. Modern Advances in Intelligent Systems and Tools,</p><p>431, 135140.</p><p></p><p>Yahya bin Othman, & Azemy bin Othman. (2012). Keberkesanan penggunaan peta</p><p>minda dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran karangan argumentatif di sebuah</p><p>sekolah menengah Arab di negara Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa</p><p>Melayu JPBM (Malay Language Education Journal MyLEJ).</p><p></p><p>Yien Fang, C. (2014). HOTs and Academic Performance, 16(January).</p><p></p><p>Yuliati, S. R., & Lestari, I. (2018). Higher Order thinking Skills (HOTS) Analysis Of</p><p>Students In Solving Hots Question. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.322.10</p><p></p><p>Yusuf, I., Widyaningsih, S. W., Prasetyo, Z. K., & Istiyono, E. (2020). Higher order</p><p>thinking skills (HOTS)-oriented e-module in electric circuit. Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022027</p><p></p><p>Yuzie, A., Arshad, M., Pendidikan, F., Yasin, R. M., Pendidikan, U., & Idris, S. (2015).</p><p>Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi murid dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah bagi</p><p>mata pelajaran sains. Asian Education Action Research Journal, 4, 8196.</p><p></p><p>Zachariades, T., Christou, C., & Pitta-Pantazi, D. (2013). Reflective, systemic and</p><p>analytic thinking in real numbers. Educational Studies in Mathematics.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-012-9413-y</p><p></p><p>Zaidir, M., Abidin, Z., & Osman, K. (2019). Akademia Baru Journal of Advanced</p><p>Research in pelaksaanaan guru sains terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (</p><p>KBAT ) ( Level of knowledge , understanding , skills and performance of science</p><p>teachers on higher order thinking skills ), (January).</p><p></p><p>Zajda, J. (2018). Effective constructivist pedagogy for quality learning in schools.</p><p>Educational Practice and Theory. https://doi.org/10.7459/ept/40.1.05</p><p></p><p>Zakaria, N., Ali, A., Hamidon, N. I., & Rasap, S. A. (2018). Aplikasi Peta Pemikiran IThink</p><p>Dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Online</p><p>Journal for TVET Practitioners.</p><p></p><p>Zakiah Mohamad, Ashari, & Azlina Mohd. Kosnin, & Y. K. J. (2013). Pembinaan</p><p>Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain Dalam Pembelajaran Awal Matematik Kanak-</p><p>Kanak Prasekolah. Insan 2015, (APRIL 2015), 18. Retrieved from Mohamad</p><p></p><p>Ashari, Z., & Yeo, K. J. (2015). Pembinaan Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain</p><p>Dalam Pembelajaran Awal Matematik Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah.</p><p>Researchgate.Net, (May 2017).</p><p></p><p>Zare, P., & Mukundan, J. (2015). The Use of Socratic Method as a Teaching/Learning</p><p>Tool to Develop Students Critical Thinking: a Review of Literature. Language In</p><p>India, 15(6), 256265.</p><p></p><p>Zhaffar, N. M., Abdullah, W. A. A. W., Hamzah, M. I., Razak, K. A., & Lubis, M. A.</p><p>(2018). Strategi Penyoalan Guru Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pengajaran Berfikir</p><p>Kritis. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and</p><p>Civilization (ACER-J).</p><p></p><p>Zohar, A. (2013). Challenges in wide scale implementation efforts to foster higher order</p><p>thinking (HOT) in science education across a whole school system. Thinking Skills</p><p>and Creativity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.002</p><p></p><p>Zohar, A., Degani, A., & Vaaknin, E. (2001). Teachers beliefs about low-achieving</p><p>students and higher order thinking. Teaching and Teacher Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00007-5</p><p></p><p>Zurainu Mat Jasin, & Abdull Sukor Shaari. (2012). Keberkesanan model</p><p>oknstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham dalam pengajaran komsas Bahasa Melayu.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu.</p><p></p><p></p>