Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students
<p>This study aims to develop Synthetic Pathways of Organic Compounds (COPS) and</p><p>investigate matriculation students perceptions towards the board game. The research</p><p>employed the developmental design based on ADDIE mode...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | eng |
Published: |
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8876 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8876 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
eng |
topic |
QD Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
QD Chemistry Rajakumar Ramachandran Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
description |
<p>This study aims to develop Synthetic Pathways of Organic Compounds (COPS) and</p><p>investigate matriculation students perceptions towards the board game. The research</p><p>employed the developmental design based on ADDIE model. A total of 171</p><p>respondents participated in this study where data were gathered via four types of</p><p>questionnaire. The needs analysis survey on 36 chemistry educators revealed 86.1% of</p><p>them required or had intention to use GBL in their organic chemistry lessons and 91.7%</p><p>agreed on suitability of GBL for the same purpose. After designing and developing</p><p>COPS, a questionnaire was administered among five experts whom averagely scored</p><p>90.8% of agreement on its validity. Pilot study on 30 respondents showed high</p><p>reliability coefficient ( = 0.993). One hundred and five matriculation students strongly</p><p>agreed that COPS has positive impact on learning organic synthetic pathways with high</p><p>mean scores for all the five constructs. Findings showed mean scores and standard</p><p>deviations for goals, board design, board organisation, playability, and usability were</p><p>M=4.46; SD=0.707, M=4.42; SD=0.745, M=4.31; SD=0.811, M=4.46; SD=0.747, and</p><p>M=4.37; SD=0.770 respectively. In conclusion, COPS was perceived as a useful</p><p>learning tool for organic synthetic pathways. The study implies COPS would be able to</p><p>offer more fun and joyful learning environment in teaching and learning of the topic.</p> |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
Master's degree |
author |
Rajakumar Ramachandran |
author_facet |
Rajakumar Ramachandran |
author_sort |
Rajakumar Ramachandran |
title |
Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
title_short |
Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
title_full |
Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
title_fullStr |
Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
title_sort |
development of cops board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Sains dan Matematik |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8876 |
_version_ |
1776104576715325440 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:88762023-04-20 Development of COPS board game on learning organic chemistry synthetic pathways among matriculation students 2022 Rajakumar Ramachandran QD Chemistry <p>This study aims to develop Synthetic Pathways of Organic Compounds (COPS) and</p><p>investigate matriculation students perceptions towards the board game. The research</p><p>employed the developmental design based on ADDIE model. A total of 171</p><p>respondents participated in this study where data were gathered via four types of</p><p>questionnaire. The needs analysis survey on 36 chemistry educators revealed 86.1% of</p><p>them required or had intention to use GBL in their organic chemistry lessons and 91.7%</p><p>agreed on suitability of GBL for the same purpose. After designing and developing</p><p>COPS, a questionnaire was administered among five experts whom averagely scored</p><p>90.8% of agreement on its validity. Pilot study on 30 respondents showed high</p><p>reliability coefficient ( = 0.993). One hundred and five matriculation students strongly</p><p>agreed that COPS has positive impact on learning organic synthetic pathways with high</p><p>mean scores for all the five constructs. Findings showed mean scores and standard</p><p>deviations for goals, board design, board organisation, playability, and usability were</p><p>M=4.46; SD=0.707, M=4.42; SD=0.745, M=4.31; SD=0.811, M=4.46; SD=0.747, and</p><p>M=4.37; SD=0.770 respectively. In conclusion, COPS was perceived as a useful</p><p>learning tool for organic synthetic pathways. The study implies COPS would be able to</p><p>offer more fun and joyful learning environment in teaching and learning of the topic.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8876 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8876 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abdullah, M. F. N. L., Hamzah, M. S. G., Che Ahmad, C. N., Adnan, M., Noh, M., &</p><p>Suhaimi, S. (2014). Pembinaan instrumen amalan pentaksiran guru matematik</p><p>sekolah menengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 4(1), 1.</p><p></p><p>Abdullah, M. F. N. L., & Wei, L. T. (2017). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen</p><p>penilaian kendiri pembelajaran geometri tingkatan satu. Malaysian Journal of</p><p>Learning and Instruction, 14(1), 211265.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2017.14.1.9</p><p></p><p>Adair, B. M., & McAfee, L. V. (2018). Chemical pursuit: A modified trivia board game.</p><p>Journal of Chemical Education, 95(3), 416418.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00946</p><p></p><p>Adom, D., Hussein, E. K., & Agyem, J. A. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual</p><p>framework: Mandatory ingredients of a quality research. International Journal</p><p>of Scientific Research, 7(1), 438-441.</p><p></p><p>Alexander, S. V., Sevcik, R. S., Hicks, O. D., & Schultz, L. D. (2008). ElementsA</p><p>card game of chemical names and symbols. Journal of Chemical Education,</p><p>85(4), 514.</p><p></p><p>Alfaifi, K. M. (2013). Using Board Games to Teach Physics EWU Masters Thesis</p><p>Collection Retrieved January 13, 2019 from http. dc. ewu. edu/theses/169.</p><p></p><p>Alhashmi, H., Alsoul, K., Ibrahim, M., Damanhuri, M., Idris, S. (2017). Readiness</p><p>to Learn Chemistry Subjects using Massive Open, 2(2), 3242.</p><p></p><p>Ali, A., & Mahamod, Z. (2017). Analisis keperluan terhadap pengguna sasaran modul</p><p>pendekatan berasaskan bermain bagi pengajaran dan pembelajaran kemahiran</p><p>bahasa kanak-kanak prasekolah. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia</p><p>Pasifik, 3(1), 1-8.</p><p></p><p>Alvi, M. (2016). A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Munich</p><p>Personal RePEC Archive, 156.</p><p></p><p>Amanda, K. N., & Katie, G. (2016). Designing for engagement : Using the ADDIE</p><p>Model to integrate high-impact practices into an online Information literacy</p><p>course. Communications in Information Literacy, 10(2), 264282. Retrieved</p><p>from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1125456.pdf</p><p></p><p>Aminudin, A., Jafar, N.S., Yusof, S.Y., Adawiah, R., & Lim S.L. (2018). Teacher</p><p>sharing session: Bijak kimia organik melalui aktiviti GW2M. Konvensyen</p><p>Professional Learning Communities (PLC) Program Matrikulasi. Anjuran</p><p>Bahagian Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Andini, M., & Yunianta, T. N. H. (2018). The development of borad game The</p><p>Adventure Of Algebra in the senior high school mathematics learning. Al-</p><p>Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(2), 95109.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v9i2.3424</p><p></p><p>Angelin, M., & Ramstrom, O. (2010). Wheres Ester? A game that seeks the structures</p><p>hiding behind the trivial names. Journal of Chemical Education, 87(4), 406</p><p>407. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed800129r</p><p></p><p>Antunes, M., Pacheco, M. A. R., & Giovanela, M. (2012). Design and implementation</p><p>of an educational game for teaching chemistry in higher education. Journal of</p><p>Chemical Education, 89(4), 517-521.</p><p></p><p>A Rahman, A. R. A. (2016). Development of prozyme board game for teaching and</p><p>learning enzyme topic in Biology form 4 (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti</p><p>Pendidikan Sultan Idris).</p><p></p><p>Areff, A.Z.M., Salehan, S.M., & Sa'at H. (2014). Aplikasi 3R dalam pembelajaran</p><p>tindak balas kimia organik. Prosiding Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan</p><p>Program Matrikulasi Peringkat Kebangsaan Kali Ke-8. Bahagian Matrikulasi,</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Azizi Ahmad. (2010). Pentaksiran pembelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan</p><p>Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Bada, S. O. (2015). The psychogenisis of knowledge and its epistemological</p><p>significance. Language and Learning, 5(6), 2334.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-05616670</p><p></p><p>Baran, B. (2010). Experiences from the process of designing lessons with interactive</p><p>whiteboard: ASSURE as a road map. Contemporary Educational Technology,</p><p>1(4), 367380.</p><p></p><p>Becker, K. (2009). Video game pedagogy. In Games: Purpose and potential in</p><p>education (pp. 73-125). Springer, Boston, MA.</p><p></p><p>Boghian, I., Cojocariu, V.-M., Popescu, C. V., & Mata, L. (2019). Game-based learning</p><p>using board games in adult education. Journal of Educational Sciences &</p><p>Psychology, 9(1), 5157.</p><p></p><p>Brinkerhoff, D.A. Survey of instructional development models, third edition.</p><p>TechTrends 45, 4850 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02763388</p><p></p><p>Carney, J. M. (2015). Retrosynthetic rummy: A synthetic organic chemistry card game.</p><p>Journal of Chemical Education, 92(2), 328331.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/ed500657u</p><p></p><p>Cha, J., Kan, S. Y., & Chia, P. W. (2018). Spot the differences game: An interactive</p><p>method that engage students in organic chemistry learning. Journal of the</p><p>Korean Chemical Society, 62(2), 159-165.</p><p></p><p>Chan, C. K. Y. (2012). Exploring an experiential learning project through Kolbs</p><p>Learning Theory using a qualitative research method. European Journal of</p><p>Engineering Education, 37(4), 405415.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2012.706596</p><p></p><p>Chang, R., & Goldsby, K. A. (2016). Chemistry. Chemistry, 17th ed.; McGraw-Hill</p><p>Education: New York, NY, USA, 52.</p><p></p><p>Chen, K.S. (2013, December 8). Poor show in PISA rankings. TheStar, p.1. Retrieved</p><p>from https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Education/2013/12/08/Poor-showin-</p><p>Pisa-rankings/</p><p></p><p>Chia C.P., Taha, A.E.F.M., Marsah, Z., & Shariff, N.M. (2018). 3Go Wheel Kit:</p><p>Identifying the product of alkene reactions. Konvensyen Professional Learning</p><p>Communities (PLC) Program Matrikulasi. Anjuran Bahagian Matrikulasi,</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Chin C.K. (2007). Kemahiran Pelajar Menulis Formula Sebatian Ionik. E.Jurnal</p><p>Jabatan Sains IPG Kampus Tuanku Bainun. Retrieved November 2019, from</p><p>https://pdfcookie.com/documents/permainan-39chemuno39-untukmeningkatkan-</p><p>kemahiran-pelajar-menulis-formula-sebation-ionik-kimiae3lkg3r7n2ko</p><p></p><p>Chin, L. C., & Zakaria, E. (2014). Development and validation of the game-based</p><p>learning module to enhance Mathematics achievement, positive learning</p><p>behaviours and pro social behaviours. Journal of Science And Mathematics</p><p>Letters, 2, 23-31.</p><p></p><p>Chung, C. M., Mak, S. Y., Suen, Y. M., & Sze, P. (1996). Game-display board activities</p><p>for science teaching. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 5(2), 141</p><p>154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01575154</p><p></p><p>Connolly, T. M., Boyle, E. A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012). A</p><p>systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and</p><p>serious games. Computers and Education, 59(2), 661686.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.004</p><p></p><p>Constructivism, S. (1998). Constructivism and Its Strands (1), Reader in Education (1),</p><p>18. Retrieved from https://wikieducator.org/images/c/cb/constructivism.pdf</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods</p><p>approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications</p><p></p><p>Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011). Using likert-type scales in the social</p><p>sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19-22.</p><p></p><p>Dam, R. F., & Siang, T. Y. (2019). Design Thinking: A Quick Overview. The Interaction</p><p>Design Foundation. http://tinyurl.com/ya8cza6f</p><p></p><p>De Castell, S. (2011). Ludic epistemology: What Game-based Learning can Teach</p><p>Curriculum Studies. Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum</p><p>Studies, 8(2), 19-27.</p><p></p><p>De Freitas, S., & Jarvis, S. (2006). A framework for developing serious games to meet</p><p>learner needs.</p><p></p><p>Dixson, D. D., & Worrell, F. C. (2016). Formative and summative assessment in the</p><p>classroom. Theory into Practice, 55(2), 153159.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1148989</p><p></p><p>Duis, J. M. (2011). Organic chemistry educators perspectives on fundamental concepts</p><p>and misconceptions: An exploratory study. Journal of Chemical Education,</p><p>88(3), 346350. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed1007266</p><p></p><p>Eastwood, M. L. (2013). Fastest fingers: A molecule-building game for teaching</p><p>organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 90(8), 10381041.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/ed3004462</p><p></p><p>Emre, R.K., Daat, H.B., Austin, A.C., Gould, I.R., (2016). A Web-based Teaching Tool</p><p>for Multi-step Synthesis in Organic Chemistry: Student Perpsectives and</p><p>Motivations, Edulearn16 Proceedings, pp. 6559-6565</p><p></p><p>Esdras, D., Uchoa, D. A., Anne, M., Lima, S., Nunes, J., & Monteiro, A. J. (2019).</p><p>Stereochemistry game: Creating and playing a fun board game to engage</p><p>students in reviewing stereochemistry concepts. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Education, 96(8), 1680-1685 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00897</p><p></p><p>Farmer, S. C., & Schuman, M. K. (2016). A simple card game to teach synthesis in</p><p>organic chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education, 93(4), 695698.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00646</p><p></p><p>Gagne, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of Instructional Design</p><p>(4e d.). Fort Worth, TX: Holt.</p><p></p><p>Gan, F.C., (2014). Meningkatkan penguasaan pelajar dalam mekanisme tindakbalas</p><p>kimia organik melalui kad imbasan. Prosiding Seminar Penyelidikan</p><p>Pendidikan Program Matrikulasi Peringkat Kebangsaan Kali Ke-8. Bahagian</p><p>Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Gentile, D. A., & Gentile, J. R. (2008). Violent video games as exemplary teachers: A</p><p>conceptual analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(2), 127141.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9206-2</p><p></p><p>Gillani, B. (2013). Cognitive Theory and the design of education to work connection.</p><p>In Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (pp.</p><p>1-4).</p><p></p><p>Gogal, K., Heuett, W., & Jaber, D. (2017). CHEMCompete : An organic chemistry card</p><p>game to differentiate between substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl</p><p>halides. Journal of Chemical Education, 94(9), 1276-1279</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00744</p><p></p><p>Gonzalo-Iglesia, J. L., Lozano-Monterrubio, N., & Prades-Tena, J. (2018).</p><p>Noneducational board games in university education. Perceptions of students</p><p>experiencing game-based learning methodologies. Revista Lusofona de</p><p>Educacao, 41(41), 4562. https://doi.org/10.24140/issn.1645-7250.rle41.03</p><p></p><p>Gunter, G. A., Kenny, R. F., & Vick, E. H. (2008). Taking educational games seriously:</p><p>Using the RETAIN Model to design endogenous fantasy into standalone</p><p>educational games. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(5</p><p>6), 511537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9073-2</p><p></p><p>Gutierrez, A. F. (2014). Development and effectiveness of an educational card game as</p><p>supplementary material in understanding selected topics in biology. CBE Life</p><p>Sciences Education, 13(1), 7682. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-05-0093</p><p></p><p>Hammoudi, M. M. (2020). Measurement of students mathematics motivation and selfconcept</p><p>at institutions of higher education: evidence of reliability and validity.</p><p>International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology,</p><p>51(1), 63-86.</p><p></p><p>Harju, V., Pehkonen, L., & Niemi, H. (2016). Serious but fun, self-directed yet social:</p><p>Blogging as a form of lifelong learning. International Journal of Lifelong</p><p>Education, 35(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2015.1124930</p><p></p><p>Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies.</p><p>Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 6667. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-</p><p>102129</p><p></p><p>Heong, Y. M., Ping, K. H., Sidik, S. K., Kiong, T. T., & Mohamad, M. M. (2018).</p><p>Persepsi pensyarah dan pelajar terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran berasaskan</p><p>masalah di Politeknik. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners.</p><p></p><p>Hricko M. Gagnes Nine Events of Instruction. Encyclopedia of Information</p><p>Technology Curriculum Integration: IGI Global. 2008:353-356. doi:</p><p>10.4018/978-1-59904-881-9.ch058</p><p></p><p>Hsu, C. Y., Tsai, M. J., Chang, Y. H., & Liang, J. C. (2017). Surveying in-service</p><p>teachers beliefs about game-based learning and perceptions of technological</p><p>pedagogical and content knowledge of games. Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology & Society, 20(1), 134-143.</p><p></p><p>Hummel, H. G. K., Joosten-ten Brinke, D., Nadolski, R. J., & Baartman, L. K. J. (2017).</p><p>Content validity of game-based assessment: Case study of a serious game for</p><p>ICT managers in training. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 26(2), 225</p><p>240. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2016.1192060</p><p></p><p>Ibrahim, R., & Jaafar, A. (2009). Educational games (EG) design framework:</p><p>Combination of game design, pedagogy and content modeling. In 2009</p><p>international conference on electrical engineering and informatics (Vol. 1, pp.</p><p>293-298). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Ilie, M. D. (2014). An adaption of Gagnes instructional model to increase the teaching</p><p>effectiveness in the classroom: the impact in Romanian Universities.</p><p>Educational Technology Research and Development, 62(6), 767-794.</p><p></p><p>Jadual Penentu Ujian Kimia SK025 (2017), Sektor Penilaian & Peperiksaan, Bahagian</p><p>Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Jaiswal, P. (2019). Using Learner-centered Instructional Approach to Foster Students'</p><p>Performances. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(9), 1074-1080.</p><p></p><p>Jamel, F. M., Ali, M. N., & Ahmad, N. J. (2019). The needs analysis in game-based</p><p>STEM module development for KSSM science teachers. International Journal</p><p>of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 66226628.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C5655.098319</p><p></p><p>Jeuring, J., Van Rooij, R., & Pronost, N. (2013). The 5/10 method: a method for</p><p>designing educational games. In International Conference on Games and</p><p>Learning Alliance (pp. 364-369). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Johnstone, A. H. (2010). You cant get there from here. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Education, 87(1), 22-29.</p><p></p><p>Jonassen, D. (2013). Designing constructivist learning environments. Instructional-</p><p>Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory, 2, 215</p><p>239. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603784-16</p><p></p><p>Jones, O. A. H., Spichkova, M., & Spencer, M. J. S. (2018). Chirality-2: Development</p><p>of a multilevel mobile gaming app to support the teaching of introductory</p><p>undergraduate-level organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(7),</p><p>12161220. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00856</p><p></p><p>Kangas, M., Koskinen, A., & Krokfors, L. (2017). A qualitative literature review of</p><p>educational games in the classroom: the teachers pedagogical activities.</p><p>Teachers and Teaching, 23(4), 451-470.</p><p></p><p>Kapp, K. M. (2013). The gamification of learning and instruction fieldbook: Ideas into</p><p>practice. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Kavak, N. (2012). ChemOkey: A game to reinforce nomenclature. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Education, 89(8), 10471049. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed3000556</p><p></p><p>Kaviza, M. (2019). Analisis Keperluan Terhadap Pembangunan Modul Aktiviti</p><p>Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Sejarah Berasaskan Penggunaan Sumber-</p><p>Sumber Sejarah. e-Bangi, 16(6), 111</p><p></p><p>Klemetti, M., Taimisto, O., & Karppinen, P. (2009). The attitudes of Finnish school</p><p>teachers towards commercial educational games. In Design and use of serious</p><p>games (pp. 97-105). Springer, Dordrecht.</p><p></p><p>Knudtson, C. A. (2015). ChemKarta: A card game for teaching functional groups in</p><p>undergraduate organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 92(9), 1514</p><p>1517. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed500729v</p><p></p><p>Kolb, D. A., Boyatzis, R. E., & Mainemelis, C. (2018). Experiential Learning Theory:</p><p>Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on Thinking, Learning, and</p><p>Cognitive Styles, (216), 227248. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605986-9</p><p></p><p>Kordaki, M. (2015). A Constructivist, modeling methodology for the design of</p><p>educational card games. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 26</p><p>30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.669</p><p></p><p>Kridel, C., & Breault, D. A. (2012). Instructional design. Encyclopedia of curriculum</p><p>studies. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412958806.n258</p><p></p><p>Kurushkin, M., & Mikhaylenko, M. (2016). Orbital Battleship: A guessing game to</p><p>reinforce atomic structure. Journal of chemical education, 93(9), 1595-1598.</p><p></p><p>Kurt, S. (2015). "ADDIE Model: Instructional Design," in Educational Technology.</p><p>[online] Retrieved from educationaltechnology.net:</p><p>https://educationaltechnology.net/the-addie-model-instructional-design/</p><p></p><p>Lapammu, S. & Mahamod, Z. (2018). Tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan kesediaan pelajar</p><p>tingkatan 4 terhadap penggunaan pembelajaran persekitaran maya VLE Frog</p><p>dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Malay Language Education Journal </p><p>MyLEJ, 8(1), 21804842.</p><p></p><p>Latip, S.H., Noor, A. M., Razak, M.S.S.A., & Rasyid, M.Z. (2018). Minat dan Motivasi</p><p>Pelajar Terhadap Latihan Kendiri Kimia Organik. Konvensyen Professional</p><p>Learning Communities (PLC) Program Matrikulasi. Anjuran Bahagian</p><p>Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Lavender, T. J. (2008). Homeless: its no game-measuring the effectiveness of a</p><p>persuasive videogame (Doctoral dissertation, School of Interactive Arts &</p><p>Technology-Simon Fraser University).</p><p></p><p>Li, C. T., Yan, J. W., & Hou, H. T. (2017, December). Designing a 3D educational</p><p>game integrated with situated learning and multiple scaffolding for organic</p><p>chemistry learning. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on</p><p>Computers in Education (pp. 16-18).</p><p></p><p>Lewis, L. H., & Williams, C. J. (1994). Experiential learning: Past and present. New</p><p>Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1994(62), 516.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.36719946203</p><p></p><p>le Maire, N. V., Verpoorten, D. P., Fauconnier, M. L. S., & Colaux-Castillo, C. G.</p><p>(2018). Clash of Chemists: A gamified blog to master the concept of limiting</p><p>reagent stoichiometry. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(3), 410-415.</p><p></p><p>Malliarakis, C., Satratzemi, M., & Xinogalos, S. (2014). Designing educational games</p><p>for computer programming: A holistic framework. Electronic Journal of ELearning,</p><p>12(3), 281298.</p><p></p><p>Marino, M., Israel, M., Beecher, C., & Basham, J. (2012). Students' and teachers'</p><p>perceptions of using video games to enhance science instruction. Journal of</p><p>Science Education and Technology, 22(5), 667-680. doi: 10.1007/s10956-012-</p><p>9421-9</p><p></p><p>Martinez-Hernandez, K. J. (2010). Development and assessment of a chemistry-based</p><p>computer video game as a learning tool. Purdue University.</p><p></p><p>Maryani, I., & Hidayat, N. (2019). Interactive game: A step to reduce science learning</p><p>difficulties of elementary school students, 317(IConProCS), 100103.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2991/iconprocs-19.2019.20</p><p></p><p>Matrikulasi, Bahagian Matrikulasi Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2018).</p><p>Chemistry Curriculum Specifications SK015 & SK025. Kuala Lumpur</p><p></p><p>McLeod, S. (2013). KolbLearning styles, Simply Psychology, 1(1), 14. Retrieved</p><p>from http://cei.ust.hk/files/public/simplypsychology_kolb_learning_styles.pdf</p><p></p><p>Meyer, B., & Srensen, B. H. (2009). Designing serious games for computer assisted</p><p>language learninga framework for development and analysis. In Design and</p><p>use of serious games (pp. 69-82). Springer, Dordrecht.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (2015). Executive Summary Malaysia Education Blueprint</p><p>2013-2025 (Preschool to Post-Secondary Education). [online] Available at:</p><p>http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2013/articlefile_file_003</p><p>114.pdf [Accessed 2 Aug. 2015].</p><p></p><p>Mirvis, P. H. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience, by Csikszentmihalyi</p><p>Michael. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1990, 303 pp., Academy of</p><p>Management Review, 16(3), 636640.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4279513</p><p></p><p>Mohamad, M. M., Sulaiman, N. L., Sern, L. C., & Salleh, K. M. (2015). Measuring the</p><p>validity and reliability of research instruments. Procedia - Social and</p><p>Behavioral Sciences, 204(November 2014), 164171.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.129</p><p></p><p>Mohamed, M. N. (1990). Pengantar psikologi: Satu pengenalan asas jiwa dan</p><p>tingkahlaku manusia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Hamzah, M. I., Wei, Y., Ahmad, J., Hanim A. Hamid, A., & Norhaini Mansor,</p><p>A. (2013). Supervision practices and teachers satisfaction in public secondary</p><p>schools: Malaysia and China. International Education Studies, 6(8).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n8p92</p><p></p><p>Mootee, I. (2013). Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you</p><p>at business or design school. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Mosher, M. D., Mosher, M. W., & Garoutte, M. P. (2012). Organic mastery: An activity</p><p>for the undergraduate classroom. Journal of Chemical Education, 89(5), 646</p><p>648. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed200015v</p><p></p><p>Mullis, I. V., & Martin, M. O. (2017). TIMSS 2019 Assessment Frameworks.</p><p>International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.</p><p>Herengracht 487, Amsterdam, 1017 BT, The Netherlands.</p><p></p><p>Nadolski, R. J., Hummel, H. G. K., van den Brink, H. J., Hoefakker, R. E., Slootmaker,</p><p>A., Kurvers, H. J., & Storm, J. (2008). EMERGO: A Methodology and Toolkit</p><p>for Developing Serious Games in Higher Education. Simulation and Gaming,</p><p>39(3), 338352. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878108319278</p><p></p><p>Nagle, A., Wolf, P., Riener, R., & Novak, D. (2014). The Use of Player-centered</p><p>Positive Reinforcement to Schedule In-game Rewards Increases Enjoyment and</p><p>Performance in a Serious Game. International Journal of Serious Games, 1(4),</p><p>3547. https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v1i4.47</p><p></p><p>Neo, T. K., & Mai, N. E. O. (2010). Assessing the effects of using Gagnes events of</p><p>instructions in a multimedia student-centred environment: A Malaysian</p><p>experience. Turkish online journal of distance education, 11(1), 20-34.</p><p></p><p>Not twilight, but sunrise: Table-top games are booming in the video-game era. (2015,</p><p>October 1). The Economist. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.economist.com/news/business/21669930-table-top-games-arebooming-</p><p>video-game-age-not-twilight-sunrise</p><p></p><p>Okan, Z. (2003). Edutainment: Is learning at risk? British Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology, 34(3), 255264. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00325</p><p></p><p>Omar, S.A.R., Tee B.L., Nasir, M. M., Yatim, S. M., Harun, A., & Tan Z.S. (2018).</p><p>Mengupas persepsi pelajar selepas sesi pengajaran kimia organik dan inovasi</p><p>penyelesaiannya. Konvensyen Professional Learning Communities (PLC)</p><p>Program Matrikulasi. Anjuran Bahagian Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Othman, A., Ibrahim, D. A., & Talib, O. (2015). Teaching and learning based on</p><p>organic chemistry Taxonomy Bloom (12-21). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara</p><p>UPSI, 8(1), 12-21.</p><p></p><p>Othman, M. S., & Kassim, A. Y. (2018). Kajian rintis bagi pelaksanaan kompisisi</p><p>pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam yang mengintegrasikan Kemahiran Berfikir</p><p>Aras Tinggi (KBAT) menerusi Pendidikan Akidah sekolah rendah di Malaysia.</p><p>Malaysian Online Journal of Education, 2(2), 5560.</p><p></p><p>Othman, M. (2013). Analisis keperluan pelajar, guru dan kandungan untuk</p><p>pembangunan e-bahan instruksional mata pelajaran Pengajian Kejuruteraan</p><p>Elektrik dan Elektronik Tingkatan Empat: Satu kajian kes kualitatif (Doctoral</p><p>dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).</p><p></p><p>Othman, A., & Talib, O. (2015). Tahap kefahaman asas kimia organik dalam kalangan</p><p>pelajar Kolej Matrikulasi aliran teknikal. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik</p><p>Malaysia, 5(2), 8697.</p><p></p><p>Ouellette, M., Breeding, L., & Clark, C. (2019). Using applied cognitive load theory</p><p>and difficulty analysis for educational game design for understanding and</p><p>transference of literacy skills in adults. In Proceedings of the 14th International</p><p>Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (pp. 1-11).</p><p></p><p>Paredes, J., Pennington, R. L., Pursell, D. P., Sloop, J., & Tsoi, M. Y. (2010). Engaging</p><p>science students with handheld technology and applications by revisiting the</p><p>thayer method of teaching and learning. Georgia Journal of Science, 68(2), 10.</p><p></p><p>Peters, V., Vissers, G., & Heijne, G. (1998). The validity of games. Simulation and</p><p>Gaming, 29(1), 2030. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878198291003</p><p></p><p>Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to life: Instructional design at its best. Journal of</p><p>Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 15.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</p><p></p><p>Plass, J. L., Homer, B. D., & Kinzer, C. K. (2015). Foundations of game-based learning.</p><p>Educational Psychologist, 50(4), 258283.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2015.1122533</p><p></p><p>Pramuditya, S. A., & Sulaiman, H. (2019). Development of instructional media game</p><p>education on integral and differential calculus. In Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series (Vol. 1280, No. 4, p. 042049). IOP Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Pursell, D. P. (2009). Adapting to student learning styles: Engaging students with cell</p><p>phone technology in organic chemistry instruction. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Education, 86(10), 12191222. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed086p1219</p><p></p><p>Rastegarpour, H., & Marashi, P. (2012). The effect of card games and computer games</p><p>on learning of chemistry concepts. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,</p><p>31, 597-601.</p><p></p><p>Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. (2012). What is design thinking and why is it important ?,</p><p>82(3), 330348. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457429</p><p></p><p>Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (2012). Trends and issues in instructional design and</p><p>technology (3rd Ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Roodt, S., & Joubert, P. (2009). Evaluating serious games in higher education: A</p><p>theory-based evaluation of IBMs Innov8. In Proceedings of the 3rd European</p><p>Conference on Games-based Learning (pp. 332-338).</p><p></p><p>Rosali, N.A., Zakei, F.I.M., Tahir, N.S.M., & Juhari, F.S. (2018). Peer coaching:</p><p>Penggunaan carta ringkas membantu pelajar mengenal pasti jenis tindakbalas.</p><p>Konvensyen Professional Learning Communities (PLC) Program Matrikulasi.</p><p>Anjuran Bahagian Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Rugelj, J. (2015). Serious computer games in computer science education. EAI</p><p>Endorsed Trans. Serious Games, 2(6), e6.</p><p></p><p>Russell, J. V. (1999). Using games to teach chemistry: An annotated bibliography.</p><p>Journal of Chemical Education, 76(4), 481.</p><p></p><p>Saad, A., Saad, S., Harun, H.S., Abdullah, A.B., Khudri, F., & Mahmud, M.P. (2018).</p><p>Penggunaan Markovnikovs Boat dalam tindakbalas penambahan alkena.</p><p>Konvensyen Professional Learning Communities (PLC) Program Matrikulasi.</p><p>Anjuran Bahagian Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Snchez-Rivas, E., Ruiz-Palmero, J., & Snchez-Rodrguez, J. (2019). Gamification of</p><p>assessments in the natural sciences subject in primary education. Educational</p><p>Sciences: Theory and Practice, 19(1), 95111.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.1.0296</p><p></p><p>Sanjamsai, S., & Phukao, D. (2018). Flow experience in computer game playing among</p><p>Thai university students. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(2), 175-182.</p><p></p><p>Saper, M. N., Daud, N. A. M., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan</p><p>Modul I-Sc (Islamic Spiritual Counseling) ke atas Pelajar Bermasalah Tingkah</p><p>Laku/Validity and Reliability of Islamic Spiritual Counselling Module on</p><p>Troublesome Students. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 9, 32-43</p><p></p><p>Sari, S. A., & Wahyuni, S. (2015). The development of preparedness board game as a</p><p>learning media for natural disaster. AIC Unsyiah, 9(11), 323328.</p><p></p><p>Schaller, C. P., Graham, K. J., & Jones, T. N. (2014). Synthesis road map problems in</p><p>organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(12), 2142-2145.</p><p></p><p>Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S.</p><p>(2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The</p><p>Development and validation of an assessment instrument for preservice</p><p>teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 123149.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2009.10782544</p><p></p><p>Selvi, M., & oan, A. . (2018). The effect of using educational games in teaching</p><p>kingdoms of living things. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(9),</p><p>20192028. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060921</p><p></p><p>Silva, D. de M., & Ribeiro, C. M. R. (2017). Analogue three-dimensional memory game</p><p>for teaching reflection, symmetry, and chirality to high school students. Journal</p><p>of Chemical Education, 94(9), 12721275.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00219</p><p></p><p>Siong, W. W., & Osman, K. (2018). Pembelajaran berasaskan permainan dalam</p><p>pendidikan STEM dan penguasaan kemahiran abad ke-21. Politeknik & Kolej</p><p>Komuniti Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(1), 121-135.</p><p></p><p>Smith, M., & Smith, A. (2016). An incremental approach to educational</p><p>development.(nurse education). Nursing Standard, 17(18), 41-45.</p><p></p><p>Struyven, K., Dochy, F., Janssens, S., & Gielen, S. (2008). Students experiences with</p><p>contrasting learning environments: The added value of students perceptions.</p><p>Learning Environments Research, 11(2), 83109.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-008-9041-8</p><p></p><p>Su, C. H., & Cheng, C. H. (2015). A mobile gamification learning system for improving</p><p>the learning motivation and achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted</p><p>Learning, 31(3), 268286. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12088</p><p></p><p>Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likerttype</p><p>scales. Journal of graduate medical education, 5(4), 541-542.</p><p></p><p>Sweller, J. (2011). The psychology of learning and motivation: cognition in education.</p><p>San Diego: Elsevier Inc.</p><p></p><p>Talanquer, V. (2018). Importance of understanding fundamental chemical</p><p>mechanisms. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(11), 1905-1911.</p><p></p><p>Talib, O., Nawawi, M., Ali, W. Z. W., & Mahmud, R. (2012). Simple Explicit</p><p>Animation (SEA) approach in teaching organic chemistry. Procedia - Social</p><p>and Behavioral Sciences, 69(Iceepsy), 227232.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.403</p><p></p><p>Tan, W. H. (2010). Game-based learning in formal educational contexts: How subject</p><p>matter experts and game experts could collaborate to design and develop games</p><p>(Doctoral dissertation, University of Warwick).</p><p></p><p>Teixeira, J., & Holman, R. W. (2008). A simple assignment that enhances students</p><p>ability to solve organic chemistry synthesis problems and understand</p><p>mechanisms. Journal of Chemical Education, 85(1), 8889.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/ed085p88</p><p></p><p>Triboni, E., & Weber, G. (2018). MOL: Developing a European-style board game to</p><p>teach organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(5), 791803.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00408</p><p></p><p>Tu, J. C., Liu, L. X., & Wu, K. Y. (2018). Study on the learning effectiveness of</p><p>Stanford design thinking in integrated design education. Sustainability, 10(8),</p><p>2649.</p><p></p><p>Tuckman, B. W., & Waheed, M. A. (1981). Evaluating an individualized science</p><p>program for community college students. Journal of Research in Science</p><p>Teaching, 18(6), 489495. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660180603</p><p></p><p>Tuomisto, M. (2016). Educational games in chemistry education, LUMAT-B:</p><p>International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 1(3).</p><p>Retrieved from https://lumat.fi/index.php/lumat-b/article/view/15</p><p></p><p>Vandercruysse, S., Vandewaetere, M., Cornillie, F., & Clarebout, G. (2013).</p><p>Competition and students perceptions in a game-based language learning</p><p>environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(6), 927</p><p>950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9314-5</p><p></p><p>Von Wangenheim, C. G., & Shull, F. (2009). Voice of evidence to game or not to game?</p><p>IEEE Software, 26(2), 9294. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2009.54</p><p></p><p>Wang, S. K., & Hsu, H. Y. (2008). Using ADDIE model to design second life activities</p><p>for online learners. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate,</p><p>Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 2045-2050). Association</p><p>for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).</p><p></p><p>Wang, H., & Sun, C. T. (2011). Game reward systems: Gaming experiences and social</p><p>meanings. In DiGRA conference (Vol. 114).</p><p></p><p>Wangenheim, G. V. C., Medeiros, G. A. e. S. De, Filho, R. M., Petri, G., Pinheiro, F.</p><p>D. C., Ferreira, M. N. F., & Hauck, J. C. R. (2019). Splash Code - A board game</p><p>for learning an understanding of algorithms in middle school. Informatics in</p><p>Education, 18(2), 259280. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2019.12</p><p></p><p>Wardani, S., Lindawati, L., & Kusuma, S. B. W. (2017). The development of inquiry</p><p>by using Android-system-based chemistry board game to improve learning</p><p>outcome and critical thinking ability. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(2),</p><p>196205. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.8360</p><p></p><p>Weizman, A. (2014). Encouraging teachers to use serious games in science teaching.</p><p>In European Conference on Games Based Learning (Vol. 2, p. 604). Academic</p><p>Conferences International Limited.</p><p></p><p>Westera, W. (2015). Games are motivating, aren t they? Disputing the arguments for</p><p>digital game-based learning. International Journal of Serious Games, 2(2), 3-17.</p><p></p><p>Westera, W. (2019). Why and how serious games can become far more effective:</p><p>Accommodating productive learning experiences, learner motivation and the</p><p>monitoring of learning gains. Educational Technology and Society, 22(1), 59</p><p>69.</p><p></p><p>Winter, J., Wentzel, M., & Ahluwalia, S. (2016). Chairs!: A mobile game for organic</p><p>chemistry students to learn the ring flip of cyclohexane. Journal of Chemical</p><p>Education, 93(9), 16571659. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00872</p><p></p><p>Wong, W.S., Gan, F.C., & Mark, H.J. (2014). Penggunaan permainan kad kumpulan</p><p>berfungsi untuk meningkatkan tahap pencapaian pelajar dalam mengenal pasti</p><p>kumpulan berfungsi bagi molekul organik. Prosiding Seminar Penyelidikan</p><p>Pendidikan Program Matrikulasi Peringkat Kebangsaan Kali Ke-8. Bahagian</p><p>Matrikulasi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Work in Progress Work in P s. (2008). Health (San Francisco), 154.</p><p></p><p>Yahaya, N. (2011). Perspektif pelajar tahun akhir Fakulti Pendidikan UTM terhadap</p><p>bentuk-bentuk sokongan pelajar dalam persekitaran sistem E-Learning di UTM</p><p></p><p>Yusi Risnani, L., & Adita, A. (2018). Development of digital education game as an</p><p>alternative assesment instruments in science learning for junior high school,</p><p>267(Aecon), 7783. https://doi.org/10.2991/aecon-18.2018.17</p><p></p><p>Yusoff, A., Crowder, R., Gilbert, L., & Wills, G. (2009). A conceptual framework for</p><p>serious games. In 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced</p><p>Learning Technologies (pp. 21-23). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Yusoff, A. F. M., Hamat, W. N. W., & Basir, N. K. (2019). Penggunaan Aplikasi Web</p><p>2.0 dalam Proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Kursus Mata Pelajaran Umum</p><p>(MPU) di Politeknik. e-Bangi, 16(5).</p><p></p><p>Zamista, A. A., Rahmi, H., & Juni. (2019). Development of Physics Module based on</p><p>process oriented guided inquiry learning as a tool to increase student science</p><p>process skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1233, No. 1, p.</p><p>012067). IOP Publishing.</p><p></p> |