Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor

<p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar</p><p>dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi (TKO) guru sekolah rendah di daerah</p><p>Gombak, Selangor. Kepimpinan distributif guru besar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zahirah Shoba Abdullah
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8910
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8910
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Zahirah Shoba Abdullah
Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
description <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar</p><p>dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi (TKO) guru sekolah rendah di daerah</p><p>Gombak, Selangor. Kepimpinan distributif guru besar dikaji berdasarkan persepsi guru.</p><p>Teori Gordon telah gunakan sebagai asas untuk menerangkan mengenai kepimpinan</p><p>distributif yang berfokus kepada empat dimensi iaitu penetapan dan perkongsian misi,</p><p>visi dan matlamat sekolah, budaya sekolah, amalan kepimpinan dan perkongsian</p><p>tanggungjawab. Teori Organ pula digunakan untuk menerangkan mengenai tingkah</p><p>laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru yang berfokus kepada lima dimensi iaitu prinsip</p><p>utamakan kesejahteraan orang lain, sifat teliti dan cermat, semangat kerja, kesopanan</p><p>dan nilai murni sivik. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk korelasi. Seramai 320 guru</p><p>telah dipilih secara rawak sistematik daripada 12 buah sekolah rendah yang mempunyai</p><p>bilangan guru lebih 100 orang. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada satu set soal selidik</p><p>yang telah disahkan oleh tiga orang pakar dan mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang</p><p>tinggi berdasarkan pekali Cronbach Alpha = 0.92. Data kajian telah dianalisis</p><p>menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferens seperti kekerapan, peratusan, min (M),</p><p>sisihan piawai (SP) dan korelasi Pearson. Dapatan utama kajian menunjukkan</p><p>responden bersetuju (M = 3.19; SP = 0.74) bahawa guru besar memiliki kepimpinan</p><p>distributif terutama dalam aspek perkongsian tanggungjawab (M = 3.31; SP = 0.77)</p><p>namun aspek amalan kempimpinan (M = 2.98; SP = 0.71 ) agak kurang berkesan.</p><p>Dalam konteks TKO, guru percaya (M = 3.49; SP = .57) bahawa mereka mengamalkan</p><p>TKO terutama dalam dimensi kesopanan (M = 3.61; SP = 0.52) namun aspek nilai</p><p>murni sivik (M = 3.38 ; SP = 0.64) kurang diamalkan. Hubungan di antara kepimpinan</p><p>distributif guru besar dengan TKO guru menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan</p><p>tetapi sederhana berasaskan pekali Pearson (r = 0.48; p<0.05). Kesimpulannya, guru</p><p>percaya bahawa pemimpin sekolah mereka mengamalkan kepimpinan distributif dan</p><p>TKO guru adalah baik. Kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan TKO guru juga</p><p>menunjukkan korelasi yang tinggi. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa guru besar</p><p>perlu memperbaiki amalan kepimpinan mereka dan guru pula perlu meningkatkan</p><p>penerapan nilai-nilai murni sivik dalam pengajaran serta menanamkan nilai murni sivik</p><p>ke dalam diri murid mereka. Hasil analisis ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan dimensi</p><p>kepimpinan distributif mempunyai hubungan kepada TKO guru-guru sekolah rendah</p><p>di daerah Gombak. Namun, dimensi amalan kepimpinan daripada kepimpinan</p><p>distributif berada pada tahap sederhana tinggi dan memerlukan perhatian untuk</p><p>membuat penambahbaikan bagi memastikan keberkesanan kepimpinan distributif guru</p><p>besar di sekolah-sekolah rendah di daerah Gombak, Selangor. Ini adalah untuk</p><p>memastikan bahawa amalan kepimpinan berkesan guru besar akan membentuk tingkah</p><p>laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru-guru yang berkesan.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Zahirah Shoba Abdullah
author_facet Zahirah Shoba Abdullah
author_sort Zahirah Shoba Abdullah
title Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
title_short Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
title_full Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
title_fullStr Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
title_full_unstemmed Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor
title_sort hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah gombak selangor
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
publishDate 2020
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8910
_version_ 1776104580308795392
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:89102023-05-09 Hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah daerah Gombak Selangor 2020 Zahirah Shoba Abdullah LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan kepimpinan distributif guru besar</p><p>dengan tingkah laku kewarganegaraan organisasi (TKO) guru sekolah rendah di daerah</p><p>Gombak, Selangor. Kepimpinan distributif guru besar dikaji berdasarkan persepsi guru.</p><p>Teori Gordon telah gunakan sebagai asas untuk menerangkan mengenai kepimpinan</p><p>distributif yang berfokus kepada empat dimensi iaitu penetapan dan perkongsian misi,</p><p>visi dan matlamat sekolah, budaya sekolah, amalan kepimpinan dan perkongsian</p><p>tanggungjawab. Teori Organ pula digunakan untuk menerangkan mengenai tingkah</p><p>laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru yang berfokus kepada lima dimensi iaitu prinsip</p><p>utamakan kesejahteraan orang lain, sifat teliti dan cermat, semangat kerja, kesopanan</p><p>dan nilai murni sivik. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk korelasi. Seramai 320 guru</p><p>telah dipilih secara rawak sistematik daripada 12 buah sekolah rendah yang mempunyai</p><p>bilangan guru lebih 100 orang. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada satu set soal selidik</p><p>yang telah disahkan oleh tiga orang pakar dan mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang</p><p>tinggi berdasarkan pekali Cronbach Alpha = 0.92. Data kajian telah dianalisis</p><p>menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferens seperti kekerapan, peratusan, min (M),</p><p>sisihan piawai (SP) dan korelasi Pearson. Dapatan utama kajian menunjukkan</p><p>responden bersetuju (M = 3.19; SP = 0.74) bahawa guru besar memiliki kepimpinan</p><p>distributif terutama dalam aspek perkongsian tanggungjawab (M = 3.31; SP = 0.77)</p><p>namun aspek amalan kempimpinan (M = 2.98; SP = 0.71 ) agak kurang berkesan.</p><p>Dalam konteks TKO, guru percaya (M = 3.49; SP = .57) bahawa mereka mengamalkan</p><p>TKO terutama dalam dimensi kesopanan (M = 3.61; SP = 0.52) namun aspek nilai</p><p>murni sivik (M = 3.38 ; SP = 0.64) kurang diamalkan. Hubungan di antara kepimpinan</p><p>distributif guru besar dengan TKO guru menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan</p><p>tetapi sederhana berasaskan pekali Pearson (r = 0.48; p<0.05). Kesimpulannya, guru</p><p>percaya bahawa pemimpin sekolah mereka mengamalkan kepimpinan distributif dan</p><p>TKO guru adalah baik. Kepimpinan distributif guru besar dengan TKO guru juga</p><p>menunjukkan korelasi yang tinggi. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa guru besar</p><p>perlu memperbaiki amalan kepimpinan mereka dan guru pula perlu meningkatkan</p><p>penerapan nilai-nilai murni sivik dalam pengajaran serta menanamkan nilai murni sivik</p><p>ke dalam diri murid mereka. Hasil analisis ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan dimensi</p><p>kepimpinan distributif mempunyai hubungan kepada TKO guru-guru sekolah rendah</p><p>di daerah Gombak. Namun, dimensi amalan kepimpinan daripada kepimpinan</p><p>distributif berada pada tahap sederhana tinggi dan memerlukan perhatian untuk</p><p>membuat penambahbaikan bagi memastikan keberkesanan kepimpinan distributif guru</p><p>besar di sekolah-sekolah rendah di daerah Gombak, Selangor. Ini adalah untuk</p><p>memastikan bahawa amalan kepimpinan berkesan guru besar akan membentuk tingkah</p><p>laku kewarganegaraan organisasi guru-guru yang berkesan.</p> 2020 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8910 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8910 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi <p>Abdull Sukor Shaari, Ab. Aziz Yusof, Mohd Khan Jamal Khan, Tang Swee Mei, Lim</p><p>Kong Teong. (2008). Keadilan Penilaian Prestasi Dalam Kalangan Guru Dan</p><p>Hubungannya Dengan Motivasi Kerja Dan Prestasi Akademik Sekolah.</p><p>International Journal of Management Studies, 15, 159176.</p><p></p><p>Abu Nayeem Mohammad Salahuddin. (2011). Perceptions of Effective Leadership in</p><p>Bangladesh Secondary Schools: Moving towards Distributed Leadership?</p><p>University of Canterbury.</p><p></p><p>Ahmet Avci. (2016). Effect of Leadership Styles of School Principals on Organizational</p><p>Citizenship Behaviors. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(11), 10081024.</p><p></p><p>Aini Marzita Mansor & Mohd Hasani Dali (2016). Hubungan Dan Kesan Kepimpinan</p><p>Kendiri Guru Terhadap Gelagat Kewarganegaraan Organisasi. UUM -</p><p>UMSIDA.</p><p></p><p>Ali aatay Kln. (2014). A Quantitative Study of the Relationship between</p><p>Distributed Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Perceptions</p><p>of Turkish Primary School Teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching,</p><p>3(2), 6978.</p><p></p><p>Anit Somech, & I. R. (2007). Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behavior in</p><p>Schools: The Impact of Individual and Organizational Characteristics.</p><p>Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1).</p><p></p><p>Baharak Talebloo, Ramli Basri, Aminuddin Hassan & Soaib Asimiran (2015).</p><p>Citizenship Behaviour in Primary Schools: Teachers Perception. Faculty of</p><p>Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Burns T, Carpenter J (2008). Organizational citizenship and student achievement. J.</p><p>Cross-Discipl. Perspect. Educ. 1(1):51-58.</p><p></p><p>Bush, T. (2007). Editorial: Theory and Research in Educational Leadership and</p><p>Management. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 35(1),</p><p>58.</p><p></p><p>Choong Yuen Onn, Jamal Nordin Yunus, Hamidah Yusof, Krishna Moorthy & Seow</p><p>Ai Na (2018): The mediating effect of trust on the dimensionality of</p><p>organizational justice and organisational citizenship behaviour amongst</p><p>teachers in Malaysia, Educational Psychology</p><p></p><p>Christie Augustine Kiek. (2015). The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence,</p><p>Teacher Job Satisfaction, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Among</p><p>Teachers In Public Primary School. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw (2006). Kaedah Dan Statistik Penyelidikan. Buku 1 - Kaedah</p><p>Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Mcgraw Hill</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw (2006). Kaedah Dan Statistik Penyelidikan. Buku 2 - Asas Statistik</p><p>Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Mcgraw Hill.</p><p></p><p>Copland, M. A. (2001). The Myth of the Superprincipal. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(1), 528</p><p>533.</p><p></p><p>Davis, M.W. (2009). Distributed Leadership and School Performance. Tesis</p><p>Kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan. The faculty of the Graduate School of</p><p>Education and Human Development of the George Washington University,</p><p>UMI Number 3344534.</p><p></p><p>DeBerry, S. L. (2010). Using Transformational Leadership To Change Organizational</p><p>Culture In A Government Agency. Capella University.</p><p></p><p>DiPaola, M.F. and Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001) Organizational Citizenship Behavior</p><p>in Schools and Its Relationship to School Climate. Journal of School</p><p>Leadership, 11, 424-447.</p><p></p><p>Elmore, R. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. Washington DC:</p><p>The Albert Shanker Institute.</p><p></p><p>Elmore, R. F. (2004). School reform from the inside out: Policy, practice, and</p><p>performance. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Education Press.</p><p></p><p>Farah Najwa Ismail (2014). Kecerdasan emosi dan komitmen organisasi dalam</p><p>kalangan pensyarah di Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, Jitra,</p><p>Kedah. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Fredricks, J. A. (2011). Engagement in school and out-of-school contexts: A</p><p>multidimensional view of engagement. Theory Into Practice, 50(4), 327-335.</p><p></p><p>Gordon, Z.V. ( 2005). The Effect Of Distributed Leadership On Student Achievement.</p><p>Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Central Connecticut State</p><p>University, New Britain.</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership</p><p>Quarterly, 13(4), 423-451.</p><p></p><p>Gronn, P. (2008). The future of distributed leadership, Journal of Educational, Vol.46</p><p>No. 2, pp. 141-158</p><p></p><p>Hallinger & Heck. (1998). Exploring The Principals Contribution to School</p><p>Effectiveness: 1980-1995*, School Effectiveness and School Improvement</p><p>1998, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 157-191</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2002). Effective Leadership in Schools Facing Challenging</p><p>Contexts, School Leadership & Management, 22:1, 15-26.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A. (2004). Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or</p><p>misleading? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32(1), 11</p><p> 24.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2005). Improving schools through teacher leadership.</p><p>Maidenhead: Open University Press.</p><p></p><p>Harris. A. & Townsend. A. (2007). Developing Leaders for Tomorrow: Releasing</p><p>System Potential, School Leadership & Management, 27:2, 167-177.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Spillane, J. (2008). Distributed Leadership through the Looking Glass.</p><p>Management in Education, 22, 31-34.</p><p></p><p>Hartley, D. (2007). The Emergence Of Distributed Leadership In Education: Why</p><p>Now? British Journal of Educational Studies, 55(2), 202214.</p><p></p><p>Hoy, A. W., Hoy, W. K., & Kurz, N. M. (2008). Teachers academic optimism: The</p><p>development and test of a new construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24,</p><p>821835</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, Hester & Devos, G. (2009). Exploring the link between distributed leadership</p><p>and job satisfaction of school leaders. Educational Studies, 35(2), 153 - 171.</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Rosseel, Y. (2009). The relationship between the perception</p><p>of distributed leadership in secondary schools and teachers and teacher leaders</p><p>job satisfaction and organisational commitment. American Educational</p><p>Research Association.</p><p></p><p>Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Keer, H.V. (2010a). The influence of distributed leadership</p><p>on teachers organizational commitment: A multilevel approach of Educational</p><p>Research, 103, 40-52.</p><p></p><p>Jamilah Ahmad & Yusof Boon. (2011). Amalan Kepimpinan Sekolah Berprestasi</p><p>Tinggi (SBT) di Malaysia, Journal of Edupres, Volume 1 September</p><p>2011,Pages 323-33, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia</p><p>Johor, Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Ghaith, G., & Shaaban, K. (1999). The relationship between perceptions of teaching</p><p>concerns, teacher efficacy, and selected teacher characteristics. Teaching and</p><p>Teacher Education, 15(5), 487-496.</p><p></p><p>Jamalulail, A.W., Aida Hanim, A.H., Suriati, Z & Md Fuad, M.R. (2013). The</p><p>relationsip between headteacher's distributed leaership practices and teachers'</p><p>motivation in national primary schools. Asian Social Science (9,16).</p><p></p><p>Joohari Ariffin. (2014). Keadilan Organisasi, Tingkah Laku Kewarganegaraan</p><p>Organisasi Dan Kepercayaan Di Sekolah Rendah Utara Semenanjung</p><p>Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Joseph, F. H., Earl, B. & Freud, H. (1997). Explaining Social Issues. London : Pine</p><p>Forge Press.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Kidwell, R. E., Jr., Mossholder, K. W., & Bennett, N. (1997). Cohesiveness and</p><p>organizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysis using work groups</p><p>and individuals. Journal of Management, 23(6), 775-793.</p><p></p><p>Kimball, K., & Sirotnik, K. A. (2000). The Urban School Principalship. Take this Job</p><p>and...! Education and Urban Society, 32(4), 535543.</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size For Research</p><p>Activities. Educational And Psychological Measurement, 30, 607610.</p><p></p><p>Lei Wang, Kim T. Hinrichs, Leonel Prieto, J. P. H. (2013). Five dimensions of</p><p>organizational citizenship behavior: Comparing antecedents and levels of</p><p>engagement in China and the US. Asia Pac J Manag, 30, 115147.</p><p></p><p>Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (1999). Transformational school leadership effects: A</p><p>reproduction. School Effectiveness and School Improvemen, 10(4), 451479.</p><p></p><p>Mangin, M. M. (2007). Facilitating Elementary Principals Support for Instructional</p><p>Teacher Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(3), 319357.</p><p></p><p>Manouchehr Jofreh, Fayegh Mohammadi, A. Y. (2012). Leadership distribution</p><p>consequences in schools: A particular look at organizational citizenship</p><p>behavior of teacher. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12),</p><p>259268.</p><p></p><p>Maria Vlachadi, & M. F. (2013). Differentiation of Teachers and Principals</p><p>Engagement in Distributed Leadership according to Their Demographic</p><p>Characteristics. Journal of Education and Learning, 2(4), 1930.</p><p></p><p>McCloskey, M. W. (2015). What is Transformational Leadership?</p><p>http://people.bethel.edu/pferris/otcommon/TransformationalLeadership.pdf</p><p></p><p>Mohd Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2003). Teacher leadership and school improvement. Education</p><p>Review, 16, 39-42.</p><p></p><p>Organ, D. W. (1988). Issues in organization and management series. Organizational</p><p>Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington</p><p>Books/D. C. Heath and Com.</p><p></p><p>Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It's Construct Clean-Up Time.</p><p>Human Performance, 10(2), 85-97.</p><p></p><p>Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship</p><p>behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. USA: Sage Publications,</p><p>Inc.</p><p></p><p>Oluwatayo, J. 2012. Validity and reliability issues in educational research. Journal of</p><p>Educational and Social Research 2, 391-400</p><p></p><p>znur Ata Akdemir , Ahmet Ayik . The Impact of Distributed Leadership Behaviors</p><p>of School Principals on the Organizational Commitment of Teachers. Universal</p><p>Journal of Educational Research 5.12B (2017) 18 2.</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using</p><p>SPSS. Maidenhead: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors</p><p>and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(3), 351-363.</p><p></p><p>Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship</p><p>behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of</p><p>Applied Psychology, 82(2), 262-270.</p><p></p><p>Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational</p><p>citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature</p><p>and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.</p><p></p><p>Podsakoff P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: its</p><p>nature, antecedents and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Polat, S. (2009). OCB display levels of the teachers at secondary schools according to</p><p>the perceptions of the school administrators. Procedia Social and Behavioral</p><p>Sciences, 1, 1591-1596.</p><p></p><p>Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational</p><p>commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians,</p><p>Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603 609</p><p></p><p>Rosnarizah Abdul Halim & Zulkifli Abdul Manaf. (2009). Kajian Eksplorasi</p><p>Distributed Leadership di Malaysia. Kertas Penyelidikan Prosiding Seminar</p><p>Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan ke-16</p><p></p><p>Rosnarizah Abdul Halim & Hussein Ahmad. (2015). Kepemimpinan Distributif, Faktor</p><p>Kontekstual Dan Efikasi Kendiri Guru Di Malaysia. Journal Kepimpinan</p><p>Pendidikan, 2(4), 4761.</p><p></p><p>Rutherford, C. Teacher Leadership and Organizational Structure. J Educ Change 7, 59</p><p>76 (2006).</p><p></p><p>Sarros, J. C. And Butchatsky, B. 1996. Leadership: Australia's Top CEOs: Findingout</p><p>What Makes Them the Best. Sydney: Harper Collins Publishers. p.214</p><p></p><p>Sayuti Ibrahim. (2013). Tingkah Laku Kepimpinan Pengajaran Guru Besar Dalam</p><p>Pemantapan Pengajaran Pembelajaran Guru-Guru Sekolah Kebangsaan Di</p><p>Daerah Kinta Utara Perak. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Sezgin, F. (2005). Organizational citizenship behaviours: A conceptual analysis and</p><p>some inferences for the schools. Gazi University, Journal of Gazi Educational</p><p>Faculty, 25(1), 317-339.</p><p></p><p>Silins, H., & Mulford, B. (2002). Leadership and school results. In K. Leithwood, & P.</p><p>Hallinger (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership</p><p>and Administration (pp. 561-612). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Siva Rabindarang (2014). Kepimpinan Distributif, Komitmen Organisasi dan Tekanan</p><p>Kerja di Kolej Vokasional, Malaysia. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Universiti</p><p>Pendidikan Sultan Idris</p><p></p><p>Siva Rabindarang, K. W. B. & K. Y. Y. (2014). Refleksi Tenaga Pengajar Terhadap</p><p>Kepemimpinan Distributif dan Tekanan Kerja dalam Pendidikan Teknik dan</p><p>Vokasional. Akademika, 84(1 & 2), 1727.</p><p></p><p>Smith, L. M. (2007). Study of Teacher Engagement in Four Dimensions of Distributed</p><p>Leadership in One School District In Georgia. Georgia Southern University.</p><p></p><p>Somech, A., & Bogler, R. (2002). Antecedents and Consequences of Teacher</p><p>Organizational and Professional Commitment. Educational Administration</p><p>Quarterly, 38(4), 555577.</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating School</p><p>Leadership Practice: A Distributed Perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3),</p><p>2328.</p><p></p><p>Spillane, J. P. (2005). Distributed Leadership. The Educational Forum, 69, 143-150</p><p></p><p>Straub, D., Boudreau, M. -C. & Gefen, D. 2004. Validation guidelines for IS positivist</p><p>research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13, 380-</p><p>427.</p><p></p><p>Stogdill, R. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New</p><p>York: The Free Press.</p><p></p><p>Tambe, S., & Shanker, D. M. (2014). A study of organizational citizenship behaviour</p><p>(OCB) and its dimensions: A literature review. International Research Journal</p><p>of Business and Management, 1, 67-73.</p><p></p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M. and Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2002) The Influence of Resources and</p><p>Support on Teachers Efficacy Beliefs. Annual Meeting of the American</p><p>Educational Research Association, New Orleans, 1-5 April 2002.</p><p></p><p>Triegaardt, Paul Karel. (2013). The Role Of Distributive Leadership As Strategy To</p><p>Ensure Effective Schools: A Comparative Case Study Within Selected South</p><p>African Schools, University Of Southern Africa</p><p></p><p>Usma Ali, S. W. (2013). Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior Working</p><p>Under Different Leadership Styles. Pakistan Journal of Psychological</p><p>Research,28(2), 297316.</p><p></p><p>Vlachadi, M. & Ferla.M. (2013). Differentiation of Teachers' and Principals'</p><p>Engagement in Distributed Leadership according to Their Demographic</p><p>Characteristics. Journal of Education and Learning; Vol. 2, No. 4; Canadian</p><p>Center of Science and Education</p><p></p><p>Walz, S. M., & Niehoff, B. P. (1996). Organizational citizenship behaviors and their</p><p>effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. In J. B. Keys</p><p>& L. N. Dosier (Eds.), Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings (pp.</p><p>307-311).</p><p></p><p>Willis, V. K. (2015). School Structure, Leadership, And Organizational Citizenship</p><p>Behavior. University Of Oklahoma.</p><p></p><p>Yurtkorua & Ekmekia. (2011). Actual and Ideal Leadership Behaviour Shift within</p><p>the Last Five Years. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume</p><p>24, 2011, Pages 1451-1459</p><p></p><p>Yusof Boon, Y. T. (2013). Kepimpinan Tersebar dan Hubungannya dengan Tekanan</p><p>dan Komitmen Kerja. In 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable</p><p>Education.</p><p></p>