Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah

<p>Pembangunan pesat di kawasan pelancongan warisan akan memberi kesan kepada</p><p>bangunan warisan yang terdapat di sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk</p><p>melihat impak pembangunan kepada negeri Melaka dari pandang...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Pirasanah Sasidharan
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9478
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:9478
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic DS Asia
spellingShingle DS Asia
Pirasanah Sasidharan
Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
description <p>Pembangunan pesat di kawasan pelancongan warisan akan memberi kesan kepada</p><p>bangunan warisan yang terdapat di sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk</p><p>melihat impak pembangunan kepada negeri Melaka dari pandangan penduduknya.</p><p>Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan dan kesan pembangunan pelancongan kepada kelestarian pelancongan</p><p>warisan yang berasaskan Petunjuk Pelancongan Lestari di Melaka Tengah yang</p><p>meliputi Bandar Melaka. Seramai 382 orang responden yang menetap di sekitar</p><p>Melaka Tengah dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah</p><p>berdasarkan Jadual Krejcie & Morgan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif</p><p>melalui kajian tinjauan dan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik. Data yang</p><p>dikumpul, dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan korelasi. Dapatan kajian</p><p>menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan penduduk tempatan tentang pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah adalah tinggi (M=3.92, S.P= 0.37), tahap</p><p>perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui Petunjuk Pelancongan Lestari</p><p>adalah tinggi (M=3.67, S.P=0.26) manakala kesan pembangunan pelancongan</p><p>terhadap kelestarian pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah juga berada di tahap</p><p>yang tinggi (M=4.07, S.P=0.17). Secara keseluruhan, terdapat hubungan signifikan</p><p>yang tinggi antara pengetahuan penduduk tempatan dengan pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah (r=0.482, p < 0.05). Seterusnya, terdapat</p><p>hubungan yang signifikan tinggi antara pengetahuan penduduk tempatan dengan</p><p>kelestarian pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah (r=0.206, p < 0.05) dan hubungan</p><p>yang signifikan tinggi antara pembangunan pelancongan dengan kelestarian</p><p>pelancongan warisan (r=0.330, p<0.05). Secara kesimpulannya, perubahan</p><p>pembangunan pelancongan memberi kesan kepada kelestarian pelancongan warisan di</p><p>Melaka Tengah. Implikasi kajian ini dapat dijadikan garis panduan bagi Kerajaan</p><p>Negeri Melaka dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan yang lain dalam mengatasi isu</p><p>pembangunan pelancongan warisan secara lestari berasaskan Petunjuk Pelancongan</p><p>Lestari. Pada masa yang sama, pelancongan yang lestari dapat menarik lebih banyak</p><p>pelancong ke Bandar Melaka sekali gus meningkatkan pendapatan penduduk</p><p>tempatan dan negeri.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Pirasanah Sasidharan
author_facet Pirasanah Sasidharan
author_sort Pirasanah Sasidharan
title Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
title_short Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
title_full Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
title_fullStr Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
title_full_unstemmed Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah
title_sort perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di melaka tengah
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan
publishDate 2022
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9478
_version_ 1783730265050316800
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:94782023-09-08 Perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui petunjuk pelancongan lestari di Melaka Tengah 2022 Pirasanah Sasidharan DS Asia <p>Pembangunan pesat di kawasan pelancongan warisan akan memberi kesan kepada</p><p>bangunan warisan yang terdapat di sekitar. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk</p><p>melihat impak pembangunan kepada negeri Melaka dari pandangan penduduknya.</p><p>Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan dan kesan pembangunan pelancongan kepada kelestarian pelancongan</p><p>warisan yang berasaskan Petunjuk Pelancongan Lestari di Melaka Tengah yang</p><p>meliputi Bandar Melaka. Seramai 382 orang responden yang menetap di sekitar</p><p>Melaka Tengah dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah</p><p>berdasarkan Jadual Krejcie & Morgan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif</p><p>melalui kajian tinjauan dan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik. Data yang</p><p>dikumpul, dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan korelasi. Dapatan kajian</p><p>menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan penduduk tempatan tentang pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah adalah tinggi (M=3.92, S.P= 0.37), tahap</p><p>perubahan pembangunan pelancongan warisan melalui Petunjuk Pelancongan Lestari</p><p>adalah tinggi (M=3.67, S.P=0.26) manakala kesan pembangunan pelancongan</p><p>terhadap kelestarian pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah juga berada di tahap</p><p>yang tinggi (M=4.07, S.P=0.17). Secara keseluruhan, terdapat hubungan signifikan</p><p>yang tinggi antara pengetahuan penduduk tempatan dengan pembangunan</p><p>pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah (r=0.482, p < 0.05). Seterusnya, terdapat</p><p>hubungan yang signifikan tinggi antara pengetahuan penduduk tempatan dengan</p><p>kelestarian pelancongan warisan di Melaka Tengah (r=0.206, p < 0.05) dan hubungan</p><p>yang signifikan tinggi antara pembangunan pelancongan dengan kelestarian</p><p>pelancongan warisan (r=0.330, p<0.05). Secara kesimpulannya, perubahan</p><p>pembangunan pelancongan memberi kesan kepada kelestarian pelancongan warisan di</p><p>Melaka Tengah. Implikasi kajian ini dapat dijadikan garis panduan bagi Kerajaan</p><p>Negeri Melaka dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan yang lain dalam mengatasi isu</p><p>pembangunan pelancongan warisan secara lestari berasaskan Petunjuk Pelancongan</p><p>Lestari. Pada masa yang sama, pelancongan yang lestari dapat menarik lebih banyak</p><p>pelancong ke Bandar Melaka sekali gus meningkatkan pendapatan penduduk</p><p>tempatan dan negeri.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9478 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9478 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan <p>10 Negative Effects of Tourism You Should Know About. (2019, November 8). Diperoleh pada June 13, 2021 daripada Aware Impact website: https://awareimpact.com/negative-effects-of-tourism/</p><p>Abas, Azlan, Azahan, A. & Jamaluddin, M. S. (2017). Impak bilangan kenderaan terhadap pencemaran bunyi di Banda Hilir, Melaka. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 13(4).</p><p>Abdul Ghani, A. & Aziah, I. (2007). Kesediaan Memperkasa Pendidikan Pembangunan Lestari oleh pengurus pendidikan sekolah: Satu kajian kes. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 17(01), 01-15.</p><p>Abe, Naoya, & Didham, R. (2007). Measuring public awareness and actions for 3Rs. Wamer Bulletin, 112, 8-10.</p><p>Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data Information Technology Essay. (2020). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021 daripada Uniassignment.com website: https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/informationtechnology/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-secondary-data-information technology-essay.php</p><p>Aguilar-Becerra, C. D., Frausto-Martnez, O. S. C. A. R., Pineda, H. A., & Acevedo,J. L. R. (2017). Use of Sustainable Tourism Indicators for Rural Coastal Communities: A Review. Wit Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 226, 803-814.</p><p>Ahmad Shukri, M. N., & Rosman, M. Y. (2003). Konsep, teori, dimensi & isu pembangunan. Skudai: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Ahmad, Mohamad Zaki and Ibrahim, Johan Afendi and Zakaria, Norria and Brahim, Malike. (2018) Kelangsungan sumberjaya pelancongan negara melalui penerapan konsep pelancongan lestari: aspek untuk pertimbangan. In: Persidangan Kebangsaan ''Governance dan Development 2018, 29-30 Oktober.</p><p>Ahn, B., Lee, B. Dan Shafer, C. S. (2002). Operational Sustainability In Regional Tourism Planning: An Application Of The Limits Of Acceptable Change Framework. Tourism Management, 23, 1-15. Diperoleh pada May 25, 2021 daripada http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00059-0</p><p>Aliaga, M. and Gunderson, B. (2002). Interactive Statistics. [Thousand Oaks]: Sage Publications.</p><p>Andereck, K.L., Valentine, K.M., Knopf, R.C. dan Vogt, C.A. (2005). Residents Perceptions of Community Tourism Impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (4), 1056-76.</p><p>Andrews, R.N. (2003). Sustainable Enterprise: Implications for International Finance and Investment. New America Foundation.</p><p>Andriotis, K. (2001). Tourism Planning and Management in Crete: Recent Tourism Policies and Their Efficacy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9 (4), 53-63.</p><p>Ang, K. H. (2015). Melaka Sebagai Pusat Pelancongan Dunia: Dapatkah Dipertahankan? Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(9), 75-85.</p><p>Ang, K. H. (2016). Sungai Melaka Sebagai Suatu Daya Tarikan Pelancongan Baru di Negeri Melaka: Satu Ulasan Kritis. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(1), 108-117.</p><p>Antimova, Ralitsa, Nawijn, Jeroen, dan Peeters, Paul. (2012). The Awareness/Attitude-Gap in Sustainable Tourism: A Theoretical Perspective. Tourism Review, 67(3), 7-16.</p><p>Apuke, Oberiri. (2017). Quantitative Research Methods: A Synopsis Approach. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (kuwait Chapter), 6, 4047.</p><p>Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). (2004). Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Aref, F. dan Redzuan, M. B. (2008). Barriers to Community Leadership Toward Tourism Development in Shiraz, Iran. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 172-178.</p><p>Arnold DM, Burns KE, Adhikari NK, Kho ME, Meade MO, Cook DJ, McMaster Critical Care Interest Group. (2009) The design and interpretation of pilot trials in clinical research in critical care. Crit CareMed. Jan; 37</p><p>Azlina Awang dan Munira Ismail. (1982). Destinasi Pelancongan Global (Pembangunan Malaysia Menuju 2020: Sivil). Nilai: Logareadthem Publications.</p><p>Bahagian Promosi Pelancongan. (2017). Diperolehi pada Februari 20, 2019 daripada https://www.melaka.gov.my/ms/jkmm/bahagian-unit/timbalan-setiausaha kerajaan-pembangunan-1/bahagian-promosi-pelancongan-bpp</p><p>Baharuddin Mohamed dan Nikmatul Adha Nordin. (2007). Perancangan Pelancongan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization: The human consequences. Columbia University Press.</p><p>Bernama. (2018). Diperolehi pada Mei 3, 2019 daripadahttp://english.astroawani.com/topic/bernama/videos/4</p><p>Bhuiyan, Md Anowar Hossain., Chamhuri Siwar, Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail, Rabiul Islam dan Darul Ehsan. (2011). Potentials of Islamic Tourism: A case Study of Malaysia on East Coast Economic Region. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 1333-1340.</p><p>Bloyer, J., Gustke, L., dan Leung, Y. (n.d.). (2004). Indicators for sustainable tourism development: crossing the divide from definitions to actions ISBN 1-85312-7248. Diperoleh pada June 19, 2021 daripada https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ST04/ST04009FU.pdf</p><p>Bond, T. G., dan Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.</p><p>Booyens, I. (2010). Rethinking Township Tourism: Towards Responsible Tourism Development in South African Townships. Development Southern Africa, 27(2), 273-287.</p><p>Borges, Maria Ana, Carbone, Giulia, Bushnel, Robyn, dan Jaeger, Tilman. (2011). Sustainable tourism and natural World Heritage: Priorities for action. IUCN.</p><p>Botes, L., & Van Rensburg, D. (2000). Community Participation in Development: Nine Plagues and Twelve Commandments. Community Development Journal, 35 (1), 41-58.</p><p>Bricker, K. (2017). The International Ecotourism Society. Diperoleh pada June 2, 2021 daripadahttps://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2033&context=ttra</p><p>Brokaj, R. (2014). Local Governments Role in The Sustainable Tourism Development of a Destination. European Scientific Journal, 10 (31).</p><p>Brown, T. J., Ham, S. H., and Hughes, M. (2010). Picking up litter: An Application of Theory-Based Communication to Influence Tourist Behavior in Protected Areas. Journal of Sustainable Marketing, 18 (7), 879-900.</p><p>Bruhl, R. H. (2017). Understanding statistical analysis and modeling. United States of America: SAGE Publications.</p><p>Butler, R.W. (1980) The Concept of the Tourist Area Life-Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer, 24 (1), 512.</p><p>C.Kanagaraj, & T. Bindu. (2013). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists to Kerala. International Journal of Management & Business Studies, 3(2), 112118.</p><p>Chamhuri Siwar. (2004). Pembangunan Mapan: Strategi Menang-Menang untuk Pembasmian Kemiskinan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.</p><p>Chin, L.H., and Jorge, F. (2005). Malacca: Voices from the Street. Malaysia: Lim Huck Chin.</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw-Hill.</p><p>Clarence, L.B. dan Robert, K.B. (1992). The World Book Dictionary. Chicago: World Book.</p><p>Cohen, E. (1972). Towards a Sociology of International Tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.</p><p>Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences (2nd.ed.). New York: Academic Press.</p><p>Connell, J., Page, S., dan Bentley, T. (2009). Towards Sustainable Tourism Planning in New Zealand: Monitoring Local Government Planning Under the Resource Management Act. Tourism Management, 30 (6), 867-877.</p><p>Constanta, E. (2009). The Impact of Tourism in Enhancing the Quality of Life. Review of International Comparative Management, 10(2). Diperolehi pada Ogos 23, 2017 daripada http://www.rmci.ase.ro/nol10vol12/vol10_No2_Articles13.pdf.</p><p>Cooper, C. dan Wanhill, S. (1997). Tourism Development Environmental and Community Issues. London: UK Wiley Publishing.</p><p>Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S., dan Shepherd, R. (1998). Tourism: Priciples and Practic. Ed ke-2.</p><p>Creswell, J. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative A\and Mixed Methods Approach (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.</p><p>Creswell, J. W. dan Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.</p><p>Defining Sustainable Tourism. (2021). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021 daripada https://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/sustour-define.html</p><p>Donna, J. (2002). Cultural Melaka. Melaka: Institut Kajian Sejarah Publication.</p><p>Donoghue, B. (2008). A Sustainable Future for Tourism. London: VisitBritain. Diperoleh pada June 10, 2021 daripada http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Images/Review%20Sustainability%20chapter %20final%20 2008_tcm12-153751.pdf, accessed 9 June 2010)</p><p>Douglas, M. (2015). Sources of data. Diperoleh pada June 1, 2021 daripada http://www.onlineetymologydictionary/data</p><p>Dow, K. and T. Wilbanks. (2003). Poverty and Vulnerabilities to Climate Change. Briefing Note. Adaptation Research Workhop, New Delhi, 5 pp.</p><p>Dowanward, P. dan Lumsdon, L. (2004). Tourism Transport and Visitor Spending: A Study in The North York Moors National Park, UK. Journal of Travel Research, 35(2). 70-74.</p><p>Downing, T.E. (2002). Linking Sustainable Livelihoods and Global Climate Change in Vulnerable Food Systems. Die Erde, 133, 363-378.</p><p>Doxey, G.V. (1975, 8-11 September). A Causation Theory of Visitor-Resident Irritants: Methodology and Research Inferences. Proceedings of the Travel Research Association, The impact of tourism, 6th Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, 196-8.</p><p>Dredge, D. (2001). Local Government Planning and Policy Making in New South Wales: Institutional Development and Historical Legacies. Current Issues in Tourism, 4 (2-4),355-380.</p><p>Duim, Rene & Peters, Karin & Akama, J. (2006). Cultural Tourism in African Communities: A Comparison Between Cultural Manyattas in Kenya and the Cultural Tourism project in Tanzania. Cultural Tourism in a Changing World. Politics, Participation and (Re)presentation.</p><p>ECTARC. (1989). Contribution to the Drafting of a Charter for Cultural Tourism. European Centre for Traditional and Regional Cultures. Llangollen: Wales.</p><p>Enea, C. dan Tanasoiu, G. (2009). TheImpact of Tourism in Enhancing the Quality of Life. Review of International Comparative Management, 10(2), 347-351.</p><p>Environmental Impacts of Tourism. (2021). Diperoleh pada June 15, 2021, daripada Gdrc.org website: https://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html</p><p>Epler Wood, M., Fotiadou, S., Jarrar, Z. dan Daouda M. (2019). Tourism and Environmental Health in a Changing Climate Report, Tunisia; Cambridge, MA: Harvard International Sustainable Tourism Initiative. Diperoleh pada June 10, 2021 daripada https://scholar.harvard.edu/sustainabletourism</p><p>Er, A. C. (2013). Pembangunan Pelancongan Lestari di Melaka: Perspektif Pelancong. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 9(3), 12-23.</p><p>eTravel Blog. (2019, June 21). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021 daripada https://www.etravel.com/explore/travel-industry/what-is-heritage-tourism/</p><p>European Environment Agency. (2010). Public awareness survey. Diperoleh pada April 13, 2021 daripada http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and maps/indicators/publicawareness</p><p>Farah Husna Anwar, Mohammad Mujaheed Hassan dan Azlina Mohd Khir. (2021). Persepsi Impak Industri Pelancongan terhadap Kualiti Hidup Komuniti Setempat di Batu Ferringhi, Pulau Pinang. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(8), 133-149.</p><p>Fariborz, A. (2011).Sense of Community and Participation for Tourism. Development Life Science Journal, 8(1), 20-25.</p><p>Fatimah Hassan dan Fauziah Che Leh. (2010). Pembangunan Pelancongan Lestari di Felda Gugusan Trolak: Satu Analisis. Isu-isu Semasa Alam Sekitar di Malaysia. penyunting Yazid Saleh, Fauziah Che Leh, Mazdi Marzuki. Tanjong Malim. Perak: Penerbit UPSI.</p><p>Ferdous Alam A.S.A, Er Ah Choy dan Halima Begum. (2014). Tourism Development from the Perspectives of Sustainability in Melaka State. SHS Web of Conferences, 12, 01078. Diperoleh pada April 14, 2021 daripada https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20141201078</p><p>Flynn, R. (2002). Clinical Governance and Governmentality. Health, Risk and Society, 4 (2), 155-173.</p><p>Fridgen, J. D. (1991). Dimensions of tourism, the Educational Institute of the American hotel & Motel Association. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(3), 235-53.</p><p>Galerie Chantal Crousel. (2017). Gabriel Orozco, 2017, Galerie Chantal Crousel, Paris. Diperoleh pada June 22, 2021 daripada Galerie Chantal Crousel website: https://www.crousel.com/exposition/gabriel-orozco-2017</p><p>Garrod, B. (2003). Local Participation in The Planning and Management of Ecotourism a Revised Model Approach. Journal of Ecotourism, 2 (1), 33-53.</p><p>Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 682708.</p><p>Gartner, W. C. (2005) A synthesis of tourism trends. In Aramberri, J. dan Butler, R. Tourism development: Issues for a vulnerable industry. (pp. 3 22). Cleveden, UK: Channel View.</p><p>Ghosh, R. N., Siddique, M. A. B., & Gabbay, R. (Eds.). (2003). Tourism and Economic Development: Case Studies from the Indian Ocean Region. Hampshire, London: Asgate Publising Limited.</p><p>Ginanjar Kartasasmita. (1994). Sosiologi Pembangunan dan Keterbelakangan Sosiologi. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.</p><p>Glasson, J. (1994). Oxford: A Heritage City Under Pressure. Tourism Management, 15(2), 137-144.</p><p>Glasson, J., Godfrey, K. dan Goodey, B. (1995). Towards Visitor Impact Management. Visitor Impacts, Carrying Capacity And Management Responses In Europes Historic Towns And Cities. England: Avebury.</p><p>Global Environment Facility. (1998). Valuing the Global Environment: Actions and Investment for a 21st Century. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.</p><p>Goh, E. (2010). Understanding the Heritage Tourist Market Segment. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 1 (3), 257-270.</p><p>Goodwin, H., and Francis, J. (2003). Ethical and Responsible Tourism: Consumer Trends in the UK. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9 (3), 271-284.</p><p>Gopaul, M. (2009). The Significance of Rural Areas in South Africa for Tourism Development through Community Participation with Special Reference to Umgababa, a Rural Area Located in the Province of Kwaulu-Natal. MA Dissertation (Geography). Pretoria, RSA: UNISA.</p><p>Habibi Fateh, Khalid Abdul Rahim, Sridar Ramchandran dan Lee Chin. (2009). Dynamic Model for International Tourism Demand for Malaysia: Panel Data Evidence. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 33(1), 207-217.</p><p>Hall, C. M. (1995). Introduction To Tourism In Australia: Impacts, Planning And Development. London: Longman.</p><p>Hall, C. M. (1998). Historical Antecedents of Sustainable Development and Ecotourism-New Labels On Old Bottles?. Historical Antecedents of Sustainable Development and Ecotourism-New Labels On Old Bottles?, 13-24. Diperoleh pada May 20, 2021 daripada https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19991802518</p><p>Hall, C. M. (2000). Tourism Planning; Policies Processes and Relationships. 236. Harlow: Prentice Hall.</p><p>Hall, C.M. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Harlow: Prentice Hall.</p><p>Hamzah Jusoh, Habibah Ahmad, Amriah Buang, Nor Ghani Mohd Nor, Lelawati Ismail, Er Ah Choy, Muhammad Saiful Nizam Aduluan, and Siti Nor Safiza Bt Safiei. (2017). Transformasi Medan Pasar Sebagai Ikonik Pelancongan Warisan: Dimensi Keperluan Pengunjung dan Tuntutan Peniaga. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 10(8).</p><p>Hanafiah, Mohd Hafiz, Mohd Raziff Jamaluddin dan Muhammad Izzat Zulkifly. (2013). Local Community Attitude and Support Towards Tourism Development in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 792-800.</p><p>Hardy, A.L., dan Beeton, R.J.S. (2001). Sustainable Tourism or Maintainable Tourism: Managing Resources for More Than Average Outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(3), 168-192.</p><p>Hardy, A.L., dan Beeton, R.J.S. (2001). Sustainable Tourism or Maintainable Tourism: Managing Resources for More Than Average Outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(3), 168-192.</p><p>Harrill, R. (2004). Residents Attitudes Toward Tourism Development: A Literature Review with Implications for Tourism Planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18 (3), 251-66.</p><p>Haryati Shafii dan Nurasyikin Miskam. (2011). Pembentukan Penunjuk dan Indeks Kualiti Hidup bagi Mengukur Kesejahteraan Hidup Masyarakat di Pekan Parit Raja, Johor. Diperolehi pada Ogos 30, 2017 daripada http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2016/</p><p>Illyani Ibrahim, Alias Abdullah, Mansor Ibrahim dan Fatin Farhana Murtaza. (2018). Historical Urban Form: A Case Study of Melaka. Planning Malaysia Journal, 16 (6).</p><p>Inskeep, E. (1996). Perancangan Pelancongan: Pendekatan Pembangunan Bersepadu dan Berkekalan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Jaafar, Mastura, Shuhaida Md Noor dan S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh. (2015). Perception of Young Local Residents Toward Sustainable Conservation Programmes: A Case Study of the Lenggong World Cultural Heritage Site. Tourism Management, 48, 154-163.</p><p>Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Negeri Melaka. (2020). PLAN Malaysia@Melaka. Diperoleh pada Januari 27, 2021 daripada https://www.jpbdmelaka.gov.my/v2/xs/page.php?id=404</p><p>Jabatan Perangkaan Melaka. (2018). Diperoleh pada Januari 15, 2019 daripada Pejabat Jabatan Perangkaan Melaka.</p><p>Jabil Mapjabil, Mohamad Pirdaus Yusoh dan Rosmiza Zainol. (2012). Implikasi Sosioekonomi Pembangunan Pelancongan Penyelaman Skuba Terhadap Komuniti Pulau di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan Awal. Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 8 (5), 26-38.</p><p>James, J. dan Rosazman Hussin. (2021). Impak Aktiviti Pelancongan Ke Atas Komuniti Setempat: Tinjauan Literatur. Journal of Borneo Social Transformation Studies, 7(1), 211-224.</p><p>Jang, S., Bai, B., Hong, G., dan OLeary, J. T. (2004).Understanding Japanese Travel Expenditure Pattern by Income Level. Tourism Management, 25(3), 331-341.</p><p>Jessop, B. (2008). State Power. A Strategic-Relational Approach. Cambridge: Polity Press.</p><p>Joan, H. (2018, March 22). Sustainable Tourism and the National Parks -Thoughts on World Heritage -Medium. Diperoleh pada June 15, 2021, daripada https://medium.com/thoughts-on-world-heritage/sustainable-tourism-and-the national-parks-9e4dc357f45b</p><p>Johan Afendi Ibrahim dan Mohamad Zaki Ahmad. (2011). Pelancongan Langkawi 1987 -2010: Pencapaian dan Cabaran Masa Depan. PROSIDING PERKEM VI, 1, 602 613. Diperolehi pada Ogos 12, 2107 daripada http://www.ukm.my/fep/perkem/pdf/perkemVI/PERKEM2011-1-3D4.pdf</p><p>Johan, A. I., & Mohamad, Z. A. (2008). Penubuhan Geotaman Langkawi: Kesan kepadaIndustri Pelancongan Langkawi. Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p>Kerlinger, F. N. (1970). A social attitude scale: Evidence on reliability and validity. Psychological Reports, 26(2), 379-383.</p><p>Kerstetter, D. L., Confer, J. J., and Graefe, A. R. (2001). An Exploration of the Specialization Concept Within the Context of Heritage Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (3), 267-274.</p><p>Khatimin, Nuraini, Azami Zaharim dan Azrilah Abd Aziz. (2015, February). Validation of instruments to measure students' mathematical knowledge. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1643, No. 1, pp. 741-744). American Institute of Physics. Wright, B. D., & Masters, G. N. (1982). Rating scale analysis: Rasch measurement. Chicago: Mesa Press.</p><p>Kim, H., Cheng, C.-K., and OLeary, J. T. (2007). Understanding Participation Patterns and Trends in Tourism Cultural Attractions. Tourism Management, 28, 1366-1371.</p><p>Kim, K. B. (2013). The Perceived Role of Key Stakeholders Involvement in Sustainable Tourism Development. PhD Thesis. University of Nottingham.</p><p>Kim, S., dan Hong, G. (1995). Leisure Expenditure Patterns Among Korean Families. Journal of Family Economic and Resource Management Division of AAFCS, 213-214.</p><p>Kim, W. G., dan Qu, H. (2002). Determinants of Domestic Travel Expenditure in South Korea. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 13(1), 85-97.</p><p>Kokx, A. dan Van Kempen, R. (2010). Dutch Urban Governance: Multi-Level Or Multi-Scalar ?. European Urban and Regional Studies, 17(4), 255-349.</p><p>Kollmus dan Agyeman. (2002). Mind The Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally And What Are The Barriers To Pro-Environmental Behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3).</p><p>Kraemer, K. L. (1991). Introduction. Paper presented at the Information Systems Research Challenge: Survey Research Methods.</p><p>Krejcie, R.V. and Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. In Hill, R. (1998). What Sample Size is Enough in Internet Survey Research? Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An electronic Journal for the 21st Century. Diperolehi pada Januari 15, 2019 daripada http://www.emoderators.com/ipct-j/1998/n3-4/hill.hmtl</p><p>Landell, K. (1997). Management by Menu. London: Wiley and Sons Inc.</p><p>Leedy P.D. dan Ormrod J.E. (2010). Practical Research: Planning and Design. (9th ed). Boston: Pearson Educational International.</p><p>Leiper, N. (1981). Towards A Cohesive Curriculum in Tourism: The Case for A Distinct Discipline. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(1), 69-84.</p><p>Lekaota, L. (2015). The Importance of Rural Communities' Participation in the Management of Tourism Management: A Case Study from Lesotho. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 7 (5), 453-462.</p><p>Li, Y. (2006). Exploring Community Tourism in China: The Case of Nashan Cultural Tourism Zone. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12 (3), 175-193.</p><p>Liu, A., dan Wall, G. (2006). Planning Tourism Employment: A Developing Country Perspective. Tourism Management, 27, 159-170. Diperoleh pada May 25, 2021 daripada http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.08.004</p><p>Lozano-Oyola, M., Blancas, F. J., Gonzlez, M., & Caballero, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18, 659675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.014</p><p>Lui, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11 (6), 459-475.</p><p>Malaysia. (2006a). Economic Instruments for Environmental Management in Malaysia. Putrajaya: Economic Planning Unit, Prime Ministers Department.</p><p>Malaysia. (2011). Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015. Prime Ministers Department, Malaysia: Economic Planning Unit.</p><p>Malaysia. (2021). The Historical City of Malacca -UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from malacca.ws website: http://www.malacca.ws/attractions/melaka-historic-cities.htm</p><p>Mannigel, Elke. (2008). Integrating Parks and People: How Does Participation Work in Protected Area Management?. Society & Natural Resources -SOC NATUR RESOUR. 21. 498-511.10.1080/08941920701618039.</p><p>Markarius Anwar. (2007). Model Reka Bentuk Bandar Berasaskan Bentuk Bandar Tradisional Melaka. Disertasi. Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Maryam Yousefi dan Azizan Marzuki. (2015). An Analysis of Push and Pull Motivational Factors of International Tourists to Penang, Malaysia. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 16, 4056. Diperoleh pada May 22, 2021 daripada http://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2015.991987</p><p>Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Great Britian: Biddles Ltd.</p><p>Mathieson, A., Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. London: Longman Group UK Limited.</p><p>Matthieson, A. and Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. Harlow: Longman.</p><p>McIntosh, R. and Goeldner, C. (1990). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p><p>Mearns, K. F. (2012). Using Sustainable Tourism Indicators to Measure the Sustainability of a Community-Based Ecotourism Venture: Malealea Lodge dan Pony Tre Centre Lesotho: Tourism Review International, 15 (1-2), 135147.</p><p>Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah. (1988). Enakmen Pemuliharaan dan Pemugaran Warisan Budaya 1988 (pindaan 1993). Melaka: Perbadanan Muzium Negeri Melaka.</p><p>Merriam-Webster. (2021). Diperoleh pada June 22, 2021 daripada Merriamwebster.com website: https://www.merriam-webster.com/</p><p>Milligan, J. (1989). Migrant workers in the Guernsey hotel industry. PhD thesis. Nottingham: Nottingham Business School.</p><p>Mitchell, R.E. dan Reid, D.G. (2001). Community Integration: Island Tourism in Peru. Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (1), 113-139.</p><p>Mohamad Khairul Anuar Ghazali, Yazid Saleh, Hanifah Mahat. (2022). Level of Sustainability Heritage Cities in Malaysia. Sains Humanika, 14(1), 3546.</p><p>Mohamad Zaki Ahmad, Johan Afendi Ibrahim dan Norria Zakaria. (2011). Inap Desa sebagai Satu Agen Pembangunan Sosioekonomi Komuniti: Menelusuri Perspektif Pelajar-Pelajar Pengurusan Pelancongan UUM. PROSIDING PERKEM VI, 2, 481 493. Diperolehi pada Ogos 12, 2017 daripadahttp://www.ukm.my/fep/perkem/pdf/perkemVI/PERKEM2011-2-5D5.pdf</p><p>Mohd Jaki Mamat. (2014). Penglibatan Masyarakat Dalam Pemuliharaan Kawasan Warisan Di Pusat Bandaraya Ipoh, Perak. PhD thesis. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p><p>Mohd Majid. (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Mohd Najib. (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Moore, W. dan Whitehall, P. (2005). The Tourism Area Lifecycle and Regime Switching Models. Annals of tourism research, 32(1), 112-126.</p><p>Murphy P.E. (1985). Tourism: A community approach. Methuen, London.</p><p>Murphy, P. dan Murphy, A.E. (2004). Strategic Management for Tourism Communities. Clevedon: Channel View Publications</p><p>Murphy, P.E. (1985). Tourism: A Community Approach. London: Methuen.</p><p>Nabilah Aishah (2021). Apa itu kajian. Diperoleh pada Januari 2, 2022 daripada tinjauan?https://www.academia.edu/34031626/APA_ITU_KAJIAN_TINJAU AN</p><p>Nadiah Abdul Halim, Choy, E. A., Jumaat Adam, Mohd Afiq Aizat Juhari, dan Siti Norhafizah Ahmad Tarmidzi. (2012). Potensi Pelancongan di Matu-Daro, Sarawak: Persepsi Komuniti Lokal. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 8(9), 13-21.</p><p>Naisbitt, J. (1984). Megatrends: Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives. New York: Warner Books</p><p>Narimah Samat dan Norhidaya Harun. (2013). Urban Development Pressure: Challenges in Ensuring Sustainable Tourism Development in Langkawi Island. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 91, 385394. Diperoleh pada June 2, 2021 daripada https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.435</p><p>Nash, D., & Smith, V. L. (1991). Anthropology and Tourism. Annals of Tourism research, 18(1), 12-25.</p><p>Negin Vaghefi. (2019, June 14). Ecotourism: A Sector where Sustainability is Everything Penang Institute. Diperoleh pada June 21, 2021 daripada https://penanginstitute.org/publications/issues/ecotourism-a-sector-where sustainability-is-everything/</p><p>Newhouse, N. ( 1990). Implications Of Attitude And Behavior Research For Environmental Conservation. Journal of Environmental Education, 1(22), 2632.</p><p>Nicholas, L. N., Thapa, B., & Ko, Y. J. (2009). RESIDENTSPERSPECTIVES OF A World Heritage Site: The Pitons Management Area, St. Lucia. Annals of tourism research, 36(3), 390-412.</p><p>Nicholls, S., Vogt, C. A., and Soo, J. H. (2004). Heeding the Call for Heritage Tourism. Parks and Recreation, 39 (9), 38-47.</p><p>Norfadillah Derahim, Halimaton Saadiah Hashim, Noraziah Ali dan Sarah Aziz. (2017). UKM sebagai kampus lestari: Tinjauan awal pengetahuan, kesedaran dan penglibatan pelajar dan kakitangan di Kampus UKM Bangi (The UKM as a sustainable campus: A preliminary inquiry into the knowledge, awareness, and participation of students and staff in the Bangi campus). Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 8(8).</p><p>Nur Atiqah, Zaman, Habibah Ahmad, Nur Amirah Kamarus Zaman, Er A. C., Hamzah Jusoh, et al. (2014). Tahap Penglibatan Penduduk dalam Pembangunan Pelancongan Putrajaya. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 10(8), 114-123.</p><p>Nurul Diyana Md Khairi, Hairul Nizam Ismail dan Syed Muhammad Rafy Syed Jaafar. (2020, February). Embracing Tourist Behaviour in Managing Melaka WHS. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447 (1), 012035. IOP Publishing.</p><p>Nuryati. (1996). Heritage and Postmodem Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 249-260.</p><p>Nyaupane, G. P., Morais, D. B. dan Dowler, L. (2006). The Role of Community Involvement and Number/Type of Visitors on Tourism Impact: A Controlled Comparison of Annapuma, Nepal and Northwest Yunnan, China. Tourism Management, 27 (6), 1373-1385.</p><p>OBrien, K. and R.M. Leichenko. (2000). Double Exposure: Assessing the Impact of Climate Change Within the Context of Economic Globalization. Global Environment Change, 10(3), 221-232.</p><p>O'Brien, K. L., & Leichenko, R. M. (2003). Winners and Losers in The Context of Global Change. Annals of the association of American geographers, 93(1), 89103.</p><p>OECD, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2009). TheImpact of Cultureon Tourism. www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigendaOECD publications.</p><p>Oppenheim, A. (1992). Questionnaire Design, IMeasurement. London: Printer Publishers Ltd. nterviewing and Attitude</p><p>Oudshoorn, M. (2005). Project Report: Building a foundation for incorporating sustainable furniture production at CML ltd. Auckland, New Zealand: Department of Mechanical Engineering, TheUniversity of Auckland.</p><p>Page, S. (2007). Tourism Management: Managing for Change, 2nd ed. London: Elsvier.</p><p>Pederson, A. (2002). Managing tourism at World Heritage Sites. Paris: World Heritage Centre</p><p>Pennington-Gray, L., Reisinger, Y., Kim, J. E., & Thapa, B. (2005). Do US Tour Operators' Brochures Educate the Tourist on Culturally Responsible Behaviours? A Case Study for Kenya. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11 (3), 265-284.</p><p>Populations and samples | The BMJ. (2020, October 28). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021, daripada The BMJ | The BMJ: Leading General Medical Journal. Research. Education. Comment website: https://www.bmj.com/about bmj/resources-readers/publications/statistics-square-one/3-populations-and samples</p><p>Portes, A. (1994). The Informal Economy and Its Paradoxes. Dalam Smelser, N.J. & Swedberg, R. (Ed.) The Handbook of Economic Society (m.s. 426-449). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</p><p>Puczko, L., dan Smith, M. (2001). Tourism Specific Quality of Life Index: The Budapest Model. Quality-Of-Life Community Indicators for Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, 43, 163-183.</p><p>R.W. Butler. (1980). The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5-12.</p><p>Rafferty, M.D. (1993). A Geography of World Tourism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.</p><p>Rahimah Abdul Aziz. (2000). Globalisasi dalam Era Pembangunan: Pengalaman Malaysia.Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Rahman, Jannahtul Izzati, Hairul Nizam Ismail dan Wai, C. L. (2011). Inquiry into Tourists Movement Flow Pattern in the Melaka World Heritage Site: A Space Syntactic Analysis. In Proceedings in the 11th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (pp. 1475-1485).</p><p>Raja Nafida Raja Shahminan. (2007). Kajian Tipologi Rumah Kedai Awal Era Belanda di Bandar Melaka: Sumbangan kepada Bidang Pemuliharaan di Malaysia. Tesis Sarjana. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p><p>Ratz, T. and Puczko, L. (2002). The Impacts of Tourism: An Introduction. Hameenlinna: Hame Polytechnic.</p><p>Rethinking tourism success for sustainable growth | OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2020 | OECD iLibrary. (2020). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021 daripada https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/82b46508en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/82b46508-enGonzlez et al., 2018; OECD, 2018; Peeters et al., 2018; Postma and Schmuecker, 2017; UNWTO et al., 2018; WTTC-McKinsey, 2017</p><p>Richards, G. (1996). Cultural Tourism in Europe. Wallingford: CAB International.</p><p>Richards, G. (2018). Cultural Tourism: A Review of Recent Research And Trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.</p><p>Richards, G. dan Hall, D. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Community Development. London: Routledge.</p><p>Roger, P., dan Aitchison, J. (1998). Toward Sustainable Tourism in the Everest Region of Nepal: ICUNNepal and ICPL.</p><p>Rosniza Aznie C. R., Amirah, NorM. & Rosmiza, M. Z.(2016). Pengurusan Kampung Tradisional di Kampung Morten Melaka. Le-BANGI, 1(11), 97-106.</p><p>Ryan, C. (1991). Recreational Tourism. London: Routledge.</p><p>Samadi, Zalina, dan Rodzyah Mohd Yunus. (2012). Conflict of image and identity in heritage commercialization. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 675-684.</p><p>Sambotin, D., Sambotin, A., Paatraascoiu, M., Coroian, A., dan Merce, I. (2011). Ecotourism -a model ofsustainable development of tourism means.</p><p>Sambotin, D., Sambotin, A., Patrascoiu, M., Coroian, A., dan Merce, I. I. (2011). Ecotourism -A Model of Sustainable Development of Tourism Means.</p><p>Journal Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara a Banatului, Timisoara, Seria I, Management Agricol 2011, 13 (4), 221-226.</p><p>Schaller, N. (1993). The Concept of Agricultural Sustainability Agriculture. Ecosystems & Environment, 46 (1-4), 89-97.</p><p>Schumacher, H. J. (2007, June 15). Lets Talk Europe: Ecotourism. Business World, S1/6.</p><p>Seiler, V., Hseih, S., Seiler, M. J., dan Hsieh, C. (2002). Modelling Travel Expenditures for Taiwanese Tourism. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 13 (4), 47-60.</p><p>Sekaran. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. New York: John Wiley & Son.</p><p>Sengupta, Madhumala, Jayanti Das, dan Pintu Kumar Maji. (2010). Environmental Awareness and Environment Related Behaviour of Twelfth Grade Students in Kolkata: Effects of Stream and Gender. Anwesa, 5(1), 1 8.</p><p>Seville Great House and Heritage Park. (2021). Diperoleh pada June 22, 2021 daripada https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g1219111-d291233 Reviews-Seville_Great_House_and_Heritage_ParkSt_Ann_s_Bay_Saint_Ann_Parish_Jamaica.html</p><p>Sharma, P. (2000). Tourism as Development: Case Studies from the Himalaya. In P. Sharma (Ed.). Patan Dhoka, Nepal: Himal Books.</p><p>Sharpley, R. dan Telfer, D. (2002) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Cleverland, Oh: Channel View Publications.</p><p>Shawal Sahid Hamid. (2021). Kajian Pembangunan Pelancongan Lestari Di Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. Jurnal Sains Sosial: Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 77-85.</p><p>Sheldon, P. J. dan Abenoja, T. (2001). Resident Attitudes in a Mature Destination: The Case of Waikki. Tourism Management, 22 (5), 435-443.</p><p>Silberg, T. (1995). Cultural Tourism and Business Opportunities for Museums and Heritage Sites. Tourism Management, 16, 361-365.</p><p>Simkova, E., dan Holzner, J. (2014). Motivation of Tourism Participants. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 660664. Diperoleh pada April 3, 2021 daripada http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.455</p><p>Sirisrisak, T. (2009). Conservation of Bangkok old town. Habitat International, 33(4), 405-411.</p><p>Siti Norsakira Mohamed dan Rosniza Aznie Che Rose. (2018). Potensi bandar Kuala Lipis sebagai destinasi pelancongan warisan. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 14(1).</p><p>Siti Zubaidah Nur Marthuan @ Che Wan. (2014). Penilaian Produk Pelancongan BerasaskanmCabaran (PBC) di Tanjung Malim, Perak. Ijazah Sarjana Tesis. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Siti-Nabiha A.K, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid, Azlan Amran, Che Haat, Mohd Hassan dan Abustan Ismail. (2008). Towards sustainable tourism management in Malaysia. Lex et Scientia. International Journal, 15(2).</p><p>Small, K. dan Edwards, D. (2005). A Flexible Framework for Evaluating the Socio-Cultural Impacts of a Small Festival. International Journal of Events, 1 (1).</p><p>Solihah Mustafa, Mazdi Marzuki, Ruzanna Syamimi Ramli, Jabil Mapjabil, Mohammad Kadir Zainal Abidin and Mohamad Pirdaus Yusoh. (2015). Pengurusan Bandar Warisan UNESCO dan Penglibatan Komuniti Tempatan: Kajian Kes di George Town, Pulau Pinang. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(12), 87-99.</p><p>Sonmez, S. dan Sirakaya, E. (2002). Understanding Residents Support for Tourism Dvelopment in the Central Region of Ghana. Journal of Travel Research, 41 (1), 57-67.</p><p>Soo-Fen Fam, Mohd Taib Dora, Norfaridatul Akmaliah Othman, Fadhlur Rahim Azmi, Haslinda Musa, Abdul Mutalib Mohamed Azim, Hamidah Norman dan Mohamad Fadzil Izad Abdul Shuib. (2017). Why Tourists Visit Melaka. In Proceedings of 2017 China Marketing International Conference (CMIC 2017), Marketing Strategy in the Sharing Economy: Localization and Globalization, China (pp. 785-807).</p><p>Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J. W., Keizer, K., dan Perlaviciute, G. (2014). An Integrated Framework For Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behaviour: The Role Of Values, Situational Factors And Goals. Journal of Environmental psychology, 38.</p><p>Sukamolson, S. (2007). Fundamentals of Quantitative Research. Language Institute Chulalongkorn University, 1, 2-3.</p><p>Sustainable Tourism -Definition, Principles, and Dimensions of Sustainable Tourism. (2018, November 6). Diperoleh pada June 12, 2021 daripada https://tourismnotes.com/sustainable-tourism/</p><p>Syakir Amir, Mariana Mohamed Osman, Syahriah Bachok dan Mansor Ibrahim. (2015). Sustaining Local Community Economy Through Tourism: Melaka UNESCO World Heritage City. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 443452. Diperoleh pada May 24, 2021 daripada https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.054</p><p>Taleghani, M. (2010). Tourism as an Economic Development Tool. Journal of American Science, 6(11), 412-416.</p><p>Teo, Carol Boon Chui, Noor Rita Mohd Khan dan Faizah Haji Abdul Rahim. (2014). Understanding Cultural Heritage Visitor Behavior: The Case of Melaka as World Heritage City. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 1-10.</p><p>Teye, E. Sirakaya, S., dan Sonmez, S. F. (2002). Residents Attitudes Toward Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (3), 668-688.</p><p>Thabane L, Ma J, Chu R, Cheng J, Ismaila A, Rios LP, Robson R, Thabane M, Giangregorio L, dan Goldsmith CH. (2010). A Tutorial on Pilot Studies: The What, Why and How. BMC Med Res Methodol.</p><p>The Benefits and Disadvantages of Heritage Tourism in The Conservation and Management of Caribbean Heritage | Caribbean Heritage Network. (2018). Diperoleh pada June 13, 2021 daripada Caribheritage.org website: https://www.caribheritage.org/blog/benefits-and-disadvantages-heritage tourism-conservation-and-management-caribbean-heritage</p><p>Thinaranjeney Thirumoorthi dan Kee M. W. (2015). Selected Theories in Social Science Research. Dalam Aida Idris, Sedigheh Moghavvemi dan Ghazali Musa (Ed), Tourism (m.s. 276-277). Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.</p><p>Tischner, U. (2010). Case Studies in Sustainable Consumption and Production: Food and Agriculture. Diperoleh pada May 3, 2021 daripada http://books.google.co.nz/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AWXiAKRo09sC&oi=fnd&pg =PP1&dq=Tischner,+2010,+sustainable+agriculture&ots=vseX7GuTwX&sig= 1DGIeFUGVRtwiF1qPhbU9VUpwk#v=onepage&q=Tischner%2C%202010% 2C%20sustainable%20agriculture&f =false</p><p>Tooman, L. A. (1997). Applications of the Life-cycle Model in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 214-234.</p><p>Tosun, C. (2006). Expected Nature of Community Participation in Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 27(3), 493-504.</p><p>Tourism Melaka. (2017). Diperolehi pada Mac 15, 2019 daripada https://tourismmelaka.com/</p><p>Tourism Victoria, TV. (2009). Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Strategic Plan 2009-2012. Melbourne: Tourism Victoria.</p><p>Trejos, Bernardo dan Matarrita-Cascante, David. (2010). Theoretical Approximations to Community-based Tourism: Case Studies from Costa Rica. e-Review of Tourism Research, 8, 157-178.</p><p>UNEP. (2001). The environmental impacts of tourism, socio-cultural impacts of tourism dan economic impacts of tourism. Diperoleh pada May 22, 2021 daripada http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/ [Accessed 17.01.2003]</p><p>United Nation Environment Programme / World Tourism Organization (UNEP/WTO). (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable: A guide for policy makers.</p><p>United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2010). Highlights The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC).</p><p>United Nation World Tourism Organization. (2011). World Tourism Organization UNWTO. Diperoleh pada April 23, 2021 daripada http://unwto.org/en/content/why-tourism</p><p>Vanderwerf, J. (2008). Creative Destruction and Rural Tourism Planning: The Case of Creemore, Ontario. Master Thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario. Diperoleh pada June 1, 2021 daripada http://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/ 10012/3809 (accessed 17 June 2009)</p><p>Vargas-Snchez, A., De los Angeles Plaza-Meija, M. dan Porras-Bueno, N. (2008). Understanding Residents Attitudes Toward the Development of Industrial Tourism in A Former Mining Community. Journal of Travel Research, 47 (3), 373-87.</p><p>Wahab, S. Cooper. (2003). Tourism in the Age of Globalization. United Kingdom: Routledge.</p><p>Wall, G. and Mathieson, A. (2006). Tourism: Changes, Impacts, and Opportunities. Essex: Pearson Education Unlimited.</p><p>Watt, S., Higgins, C., & Kendrick, A. (2000). Community Participation in the Development of Services: A Move Towards Community Empowerment. Community Development Journal, 35 (2), 120-132.</p><p>Weaver, D.B. (2006). Sustainable Tourism: Theory and Practice Elsevier. Butterworth: Heinemann.</p><p>Wight, P. A. (1995). Sustainable Ecotourism: Balancing Economic, Environmental and Social Goals Within an Ethical Framework. Tourism Recreation Reasearch, 20 (1), 2-10.</p><p>Wilbanks, T. J. (2003). Integrating ClimateChange and SustainableDevelopment in a Place-Based Context. Climate Policy, 3(sup1), S147-S154.</p><p>Williams, A. dan Shaw G. (1991). Tourism and Economic Development. London: Belhaven Press.</p><p>Williams, C. (2011). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).</p><p>Wilson, J. (2003). Volunteerism. In Christensen, K. dan Levison, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World, 1465-1470. Thousand Oaks: Calif: Saga.</p><p>Wilson, S., Fesenmaier, D. R., Fesenmaier, J. dan Van, E. S. (2001). Factors of Success in Rural Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research, 40 (2), 132-138.</p><p>Winston Moore and Peter Whitehall. (2005). The Tourism Area Lifecycle and Regime Switching Models. Annals of Tourism Research, 32, 112-126.</p><p>World Tourism Organization (WTO). (1994). Global Tourism Forecasts to the Year 2000 and Beyond. Madrid: WTO.</p><p>World Tourism Organization, WTO. (1993). Sustainable Tourism Development: Guide for Local Planners. Madrid: WTO. World Tourism Organization. (2018). UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition. Diperoleh pada June 10, 2021 daripada https://www.eunwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876</p><p>World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). (2006). Malaysia: Travel and Tourism Climbing to New Heights. London: World Travel and Tourism Council.</p><p>WTTC. (2011). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012 World. Diperoleh pada May 15, 2021 daripada http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/world2012.pdf</p><p>Yahaya Ibrahim. (2008). Pelancongan Malaysia: Pembangunan dan Pemerkasaan. Dalam Yahaya Ibrahim, Sulong Mohamad dan Habibah Ahmad (Ed), Pelancongan Malaysia Isu Pembangunan, Budaya, Komuniti dan Persetempatan (m.s. 1126). Kedah: Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p>Yazid Saleh. (2010). Survival Warisan Budaya dalam Sektor Pelancongan: Kajian Kes di Melaka. Isu-isu Semasa Alam Sekitar di Malaysia. penyunting Yazid Saleh, Fauziah Che Leh, Mazdi Marzuki. Tanjong Malim, Perak. Penerbit UPSI.</p><p>Yin, S. (2016). Sustainable City Tourism in Developing Countries: Malaysia Experience. Malaysia Sustainable Cities Program. Working Paper Series. Diperoleh pada May 23, 2021 daripada https://scienceimpact.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Yin.pdf</p><p>Yujie Zhu, dan Salazar, N. B. (2014). Heritage and Tourism. Diperoleh pada June 22, 2021 daripada Global Heritage: A Reader website: https://www.academia.edu/12739602/Heritage_and_Tourism</p><p>Yung, E. H., & Chan, E. H. (2011). Problem Issues of Public Participation in Built-Heritage Conservation: Two Controversial Cases in Hong Kong. Habitat International, 35(3), 457-466.</p><p>Yusuf Hashim. (2010). Determining Sufficiency of Sample Size in Management Survey Research Activities. Diperolehi pada Februari 2, 2019 daripada https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259822166_DETERMINING_SUFFICIENCY_OF_SAMPLE_SIZE_IN_MANAGEMENT_SURVEY_RESEARCH_ACTIVITIES</p><p>Zaimah Ramli., Er, A.C., Sarmila, M.S., Habibah, A., Hamzah J, Nurain Sahazali dan Nadiah Hanani abdul Jalil. (2015). Kepuasan Pelancong dengan Melaka Sebagai Destinasi Pelancongan Lestari: Satu Kajian Persepsi. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(1), 135-142.</p><p>Zainol, Rosilawati, Faizah Ahmad, Nikmatul Adha Nordin dan Goh, H. C. (2013). Appreciating Built Heritage through Urban Sensory Elements. Rosilawati Zainol, Faizah Ahmad, Nikmatul Adha Nordin, Ibrahim Mohd@ Ahmad and Goh Hong Ching, 1-12.</p><p>Zainuddin. (2010). Research Metodology for Business & Social Science. Shah Alam: University Publication Centre, UiTM.</p><p>Zaipul Anwar Zainu. (2020). Development of Policy and Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management in Malaysia. Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 5(2).</p><p>Zhang, J., Inbakaran, J. dan Jackson, M.S. (2006). Understanding Community Attitudes Toward Tourism and Host-Guest Interaction in The Urban-Rural Border Region. Tourism Geographies, 8 (2), 182-204.</p><p>Zhou, L., Murray, I., dan Zhang, B. (2008). Adding Psychological Value to Heritage Tourism Experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37 41. Diperoleh pada June 15, 2021 daripada http://doi.org/10.1300/J073v11n04</p><p>Zsoka, A., Zsuzsanna, Anna, S., dan Tamas, K. (2013). Greening Due To Environmental Education? Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, Consumer Behavior And Everyday Pro-Environmental Activities Of Hungarian High School And University Students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48, 126138.</p><p></p>