Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent

This research aimed to prepare, characterise and apply four iron oxide-chitosannanocomposites, namely ferrihydrite-chitosan (FC), goethite-chitosan (GC), hematitechitosan(HM) and magnetite-chitosan (MC) as floccul...

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Main Author:	Juliana Jumadi
Format:	thesis
Language:	eng
Published:	2022
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9499
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record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection	UPSI Digital Repository
language	eng
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Juliana Jumadi Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
description	<p>This research aimed to prepare, characterise and apply four iron oxide-chitosan</p><p>nanocomposites, namely ferrihydrite-chitosan (FC), goethite-chitosan (GC), hematitechitosan</p><p>(HM) and magnetite-chitosan (MC) as flocculants for the pre-treatment of palm</p><p>oil mill effluent (POME). The nanocomposites were prepared through a co-precipitation</p><p>method at three (w/w) ratios of iron oxide to chitosan. The physicochemical properties of</p><p>nanocomposites were characterised by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM),</p><p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer,</p><p>vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) before</p><p>and after flocculation experiments to prove the effectiveness of the nanocomposites. The</p><p>effects of flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time on flocculation for the removal</p><p>of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and</p><p>grease (O&G) and nutrients (K, Fe, Mn and Cu) were investigated by jar test method.</p><p>Research findings found that the MC nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) showed the</p><p>highest percentage of contaminant reduction. The optimal conditions for the reduction of</p><p>all contaminants were achieved at a flocculant dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH of 5.0 and a settling</p><p>time of 60 minutes. Under this condition, the reduction of TSS, turbidity, COD and O&G</p><p>was 86.79%, 82.61%, 74.28% and 62.64%, respectively. After three cycles of</p><p>flocculation/deflocculation process, MC nanocomposite retained flocculation efficiency</p><p>and flocculants recovery in the range of 66.7-85.7% and 83-91%, respectively.</p><p>Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main mechanism of</p><p>interaction between nanocomposite and POME contaminants. In conclusion, the iron</p><p>oxide incorporated chitosan has increased the properties and flocculation performance of</p><p>the nanocomposite as compared to conventional flocculants. In implication, iron oxidechitosan</p><p>nanocomposites potentially act as alternative flocculants for pre-treatment of</p><p>POME due to having simplicity, recyclability and environmental friendly properties.</p>
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Juliana Jumadi
author_facet	Juliana Jumadi
author_sort	Juliana Jumadi
title	Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
title_short	Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
title_full	Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
title_fullStr	Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
title_sort	preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
publishDate	2022
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9499
_version_	1783730268186607616
spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:94992023-09-13 Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent 2022 Juliana Jumadi QD Chemistry <p>This research aimed to prepare, characterise and apply four iron oxide-chitosan</p><p>nanocomposites, namely ferrihydrite-chitosan (FC), goethite-chitosan (GC), hematitechitosan</p><p>(HM) and magnetite-chitosan (MC) as flocculants for the pre-treatment of palm</p><p>oil mill effluent (POME). The nanocomposites were prepared through a co-precipitation</p><p>method at three (w/w) ratios of iron oxide to chitosan. The physicochemical properties of</p><p>nanocomposites were characterised by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM),</p><p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer,</p><p>vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) before</p><p>and after flocculation experiments to prove the effectiveness of the nanocomposites. The</p><p>effects of flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time on flocculation for the removal</p><p>of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and</p><p>grease (O&G) and nutrients (K, Fe, Mn and Cu) were investigated by jar test method.</p><p>Research findings found that the MC nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) showed the</p><p>highest percentage of contaminant reduction. The optimal conditions for the reduction of</p><p>all contaminants were achieved at a flocculant dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH of 5.0 and a settling</p><p>time of 60 minutes. Under this condition, the reduction of TSS, turbidity, COD and O&G</p><p>was 86.79%, 82.61%, 74.28% and 62.64%, respectively. After three cycles of</p><p>flocculation/deflocculation process, MC nanocomposite retained flocculation efficiency</p><p>and flocculants recovery in the range of 66.7-85.7% and 83-91%, respectively.</p><p>Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main mechanism of</p><p>interaction between nanocomposite and POME contaminants. In conclusion, the iron</p><p>oxide incorporated chitosan has increased the properties and flocculation performance of</p><p>the nanocomposite as compared to conventional flocculants. In implication, iron oxidechitosan</p><p>nanocomposites potentially act as alternative flocculants for pre-treatment of</p><p>POME due to having simplicity, recyclability and environmental friendly properties.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9499 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9499 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abbott Chalew, T. E., Ajmani, G. S., Huang, H., & Schwab, K. J. (2013). Evaluating nanoparticle breakthrough during drinking water treatment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(10).</p><p></p><p>Abdulrahman, N. H., & Azhari, N. H. (2016). An integrated UMAS for POME treatment. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 8(1), 68-75.</p><p></p><p>Abdulsalam, M., Man, H. C., Yunos, K. F., Abidin, Z. Z., Idris, A. I., & Hamzah, M.</p><p>H. (2020). Augmented yeast-extract and diary-waste for enhancing bio- decolourization of palm oil mill effluent using activated sludge. 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Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent

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