A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students

The purpose of this research is to assess the employability level of graduated studentsin Ningxia Polytechnic, and form an employability framework to improve theemployability of students. Five employment ability v...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Jing, Yu
Format:	thesis
Language:	eng
Published:	2022
Subjects:	LC Special aspects of education
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9580
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:9580
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection	UPSI Digital Repository
language	eng
topic	LC Special aspects of education
spellingShingle	LC Special aspects of education Jing, Yu A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
description	<p>The purpose of this research is to assess the employability level of graduated students</p><p>in Ningxia Polytechnic, and form an employability framework to improve the</p><p>employability of students. Five employment ability variables studied are professional</p><p>ability, individual ability, vocational ability, social ability, innovation and</p><p>entrepreneurship. A total of 446 China Ningxia Polytechnic graduated students</p><p>participated in this research. An instrument of the self-evaluation scale of vocational</p><p>college students' employment ability was developed and the validity of the content was</p><p>judged by experts. The instrument consists of 41 items employability, 40 items</p><p>influencing factors and 9 item basic information, which has met the psychological</p><p>measurement standards. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed by AMOS</p><p>SEM to test the convergence validity and discriminant validity of the variables and</p><p>Cronbach's alpha used to measure internal consistency of the scores produced. The selfevaluation</p><p>scale of vocational college students' employment ability shows good</p><p>convergence and discriminative validity. The overall mean of vocational students'</p><p>employability skills was 3.84 (SD = 0.63). The instrumental analysis (CFA) was</p><p>developed through the verification process using verification factors. Finding shows the</p><p>value of the degree index (fit), which is an Absolute Fit, RMSEA 0.0067 (<0.08);</p><p>Incremental Fit, CFI0.918, TLI0.921(>0.9) and Parsimonious Fit, Chisq/df 2.832 (<</p><p>5.0). The results of the study found that all five factors which are student factors,</p><p>curriculum, teacher level, teaching methods, and employment guidance have great</p><p>impact on employability. Finally, the employment skills framework is formed to</p><p>improve employability skills amongst Ningxia Polytechnic graduated students. This</p><p>study has implications for the development of a framework to improve the</p><p>employability of vocational students and also provide a reference for the reform of</p><p>Vocational Education in Ningxia.</p>
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Jing, Yu
author_facet	Jing, Yu
author_sort	Jing, Yu
title	A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
title_short	A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
title_full	A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
title_fullStr	A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
title_full_unstemmed	A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students
title_sort	framework of employability skills amongst ningxia polytechnic graduated students
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional
publishDate	2022
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9580
_version_	1783730283472748544
spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:95802023-10-17 A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students 2022 Jing, Yu LC Special aspects of education <p>The purpose of this research is to assess the employability level of graduated students</p><p>in Ningxia Polytechnic, and form an employability framework to improve the</p><p>employability of students. Five employment ability variables studied are professional</p><p>ability, individual ability, vocational ability, social ability, innovation and</p><p>entrepreneurship. A total of 446 China Ningxia Polytechnic graduated students</p><p>participated in this research. An instrument of the self-evaluation scale of vocational</p><p>college students' employment ability was developed and the validity of the content was</p><p>judged by experts. The instrument consists of 41 items employability, 40 items</p><p>influencing factors and 9 item basic information, which has met the psychological</p><p>measurement standards. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed by AMOS</p><p>SEM to test the convergence validity and discriminant validity of the variables and</p><p>Cronbach's alpha used to measure internal consistency of the scores produced. The selfevaluation</p><p>scale of vocational college students' employment ability shows good</p><p>convergence and discriminative validity. The overall mean of vocational students'</p><p>employability skills was 3.84 (SD = 0.63). The instrumental analysis (CFA) was</p><p>developed through the verification process using verification factors. Finding shows the</p><p>value of the degree index (fit), which is an Absolute Fit, RMSEA 0.0067 (<0.08);</p><p>Incremental Fit, CFI0.918, TLI0.921(>0.9) and Parsimonious Fit, Chisq/df 2.832 (<</p><p>5.0). The results of the study found that all five factors which are student factors,</p><p>curriculum, teacher level, teaching methods, and employment guidance have great</p><p>impact on employability. Finally, the employment skills framework is formed to</p><p>improve employability skills amongst Ningxia Polytechnic graduated students. This</p><p>study has implications for the development of a framework to improve the</p><p>employability of vocational students and also provide a reference for the reform of</p><p>Vocational Education in Ningxia.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9580 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9580 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional <p>Abdullah Al-Mutairi , Kamal Naser & Muna Saeid. (2014). Employability Factors of Business Graduates in Kuwait: Evidence from An Emerging Country. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences.3(4).</p><p>ACAPS. (2012). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment. An Introductory Brief, (May), 14. https://doi.org/ 9781848608641</p><p>Aliaga & Gunderson. (2002). Interactive Statistics. Spiral Bound.</p><p>Ambepitiya, K. (2016). Employability of Graduates Public and Private Management Education Institutes: A case study of Two Institutes in Sri Lanka. OUSL Journal, 11, 113-</p><p>Arghode,V. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative research: Paradigmatic differences. Global Education Journal, 2012(4), 155-163. Retrieved from http://eds.a. ebscohost.com.library.gcu. edu:2048/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=91</p><p>ASTE. (2016). Career and Technical Education. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Vocational_education</p><p>Babbie, E. (1990). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.</p><p>Babbie. (2007). The Practice of Social Research (11th ed.). USA: Thomson high Education.</p><p>Bao Wei & Liu Wei. (2016). An Empirical Study on the Formation Mechanism of University Graduates Employability. Educational Development Research, 1, 4855. https://doi.org/ 10.14121/j.cnki. 1008-3855.2016.01.010</p><p>Bassou Mansour & Dean. (2016). Employability Skills as Perceived by Employers and University Faculty in the Fields of Human Resource Development (HRD) for Entry Level Graduate Jobs. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4(March), 3949. https://doi.org/ 10.4236/jhrss.2016.41005</p><p>Biswo Kallyan Parajuli. ( 2008). Questionnaire: A Tool of Primary Data Collection. Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. Vol.1.51-63.</p><p>Boffo, V. (2017). LifeLong Learning and Higher Education: to Build Professions for the Future. Pedagogia, OGGI, 15(2).</p><p>Bowe. (1998). Job Capacities and Personal Attitude. Employment Relations Today, 15.</p><p>Brewer. (2013). Enhancing youth employability: What? Why? and How? Guide to core work skills, First. Switzerland: International Labour Organization</p><p>Bridgstock. (2009). The graduate attributes we have overlooked: enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research and Development, 28, 3144.</p><p>Browne, J. (2010). Securing a sustainable future for higher education. Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance, 12(October), 159.</p><p>Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2011). Business Research Methods. Oxford University Press.</p><p>Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th ed). Oxford University Press.</p><p>Cai Keshu. (2018). On the Influencing Factors and Promotion Path of College Students' employability. Science, Education and Culture, 32: 139-140.</p><p>Carlos Solarte,(2017) A Causal-Comparative Study of Colombias Institutional Accreditation System and Graduation, Employability, and Attrition in Higher Education, Grand Canyon University</p><p>Central Institute for Vocational and Technical Education. (2016). The report of the 2030 China Vocational Education. Chinese Vocational and Technical Education, 25.</p><p>Chen Guanghui. (2011). Study Course and Commentary on the Dimensions, Concepts, and Connotations of Employability Interpretation. Education and Occupation, 12, 8082.</p><p>Chen Jie. (2022). New policies to promote employment of college graduates, 21st Century Business Herald, Retrieved from https://view.inews.qq.com</p><p>Chen Lida & Li Sumin. (2017). The Key to the Application of Questionnaire Survey in Educational Research: Questionnaire Formulation. Zhejiang Education Science, 2124.</p><p>Chen Yaping & He haipin. (2022). Analysis on the influencing factors of chemical engineering specialty on students' employment in Higher Vocational colleges. Yunnan Chemical Technology, 49 (06))</p><p>Chen Yong. (2012). Study on the Employability and Development Path of University Graduates. Published doctoral dissertation. Zhejiang University.</p><p>Chen Yu. (2015). An Analysis of the Current Status of Low Vocational Students Employability. Modern Vocational Education, 19.</p><p>Chen Yuanhui. (2007). A Compilation of Modern Chinese Education History (Study Evolution). Shanghai Education Press.</p><p>Cheng Yi & Tang Yipeng. (2017). An Empirical Study of College Students Employment Ability and Its Influencing Factors. Vocational Education Research, (3), 5763.</p><p>China News Network. (2016). The second meeting of the Working Group on Employment of the Group of Twenty. Retrieved from http://w.huanqiu.com/r</p><p>Chinese International Talent. (2013). ILO Global Employment Trends. Chinese international talent. Retrieved from http://www.ccg.org.cn/Research/View. aspx? Id=364.</p><p>Choi, J., Dutz, M., & Usman, Z. (2020). The future of work in Africa: Harnessing the potential of digital technologies for all. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1444-0</p><p>Clarke, M. (2018). Rethinking graduate employability: The role of capital, individual attributes and context. Studies in Higher Education, 43, 19231937.Doi:10.1080/03075079.2107.1294152</p><p>Clements, A.J., & Kamau, C. (2018). Understanding students motivation towards proactive career behaviours through goal-setting theory and the job-demands resources model. Studies in Higher Education. 43(12), 22792293. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2017.1326022</p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.; DX Reader version). New York, NY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.co/books?id=mLh0Oza3V1IC&lpg=PR3&ots=SMKOH ptank&dq</p><p>Cook, D. (2020). The freedom trap: Digital nomads and the use of disciplining practices to manage work/leisure boundaries. Information Technology & Tourism. doi.org/10. 1007/s40558-020-) </p><p>Cregten, S. (2013). Core Competencies that Medium and Large Employers Want in New Graduates. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.</p><p>Creswell, J.W. (2007). Designing a Qualitative Study. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches, 3541. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0957514810010204</p><p>Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. London: Sage Publications.</p><p>Dacre Pool & Sewell. (2007).The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education and Training.49(4),277-289</p><p>Dania, J., Bakar, A.R., & Mohamed, S. (2014). Factors Influencing the Acquisition of Employability Skills by Students of Selected Technical Secondary School in Malaysia, International Education Studies. 7(2), 117124. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n2p117</p><p>Dearing. (1997). Higher Education in the Learning Society. Retrieved from http://www. educationengland.org.uk/documents/dearing1997/dearing1997.html</p><p>Deng Renfeng. 2021. Research on the construction scheme of Higher Vocational teachers'ability level evaluation system based on big data. Computer Knowledge and Technology,17(1).</p><p>Denila PG. (2020). Analysis of IT graduates employment alignment using C4.5 and Nave Bayes algorithm. Int J Adv Trends ComputSciEng. 9:745752</p><p>DHFETE (Department of Higher and Further Education, T. and E). (2002). Taskforce on employability & long-term unemployment. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Department for Employment and Learning, (December), 144. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/ web/20140401072510/http://www.delni.gov.uk/taskforce_report_v.pdf</p><p>Ding Weijun. (2012). Study on the Employment Ability of Guangxi Higher Vocational Students. Published master dissertation. Central South University.</p><p>DU Hongmei. (2019). On the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of Higher Vocational Students under employment orientation. Education and Career, (8): 55.</p><p>Du Yiqiang. (2017). University student associations participation influence on employability researchbased on survey of Tarim university. Published master dissertation.Tarim university.</p><p>Eric Hanushek. (2016). Will more higher education improve economic growth? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32(4), 538552.</p><p>Etikan, I. (2017). Sampling and Sampling Methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 57. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149</p><p>Evan Tarver. (2021). Interpersonal Skills Definition & Use on the Job Investopedia, Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interpersonal-skills.asp</p><p>Fan Xinyi & Xu Guoqing. (2012). New Trend of Job Changes in Globalization and Countermeasures of Vocational Education. Vocational and Technical Education, 22, 1114.</p><p>Franita. (2016). Analisa pengangguran di indonesia, Nusant. J. Ilmu Pengetah. Sos, 1(6).</p><p>Feng Hua & Wang Xiaoye. (2015). Employment is hard to come by. Retrieved from http://edu. people.com.cn/n/2015/0605/c1006-27107120.html</p><p>Freudenberg, Brett & Cameron, C. (2011). WIL and generic skill development : The development of business students generic skills through work- integrated learning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 12(2), 7989.</p><p>Gao Fei & Wang Wei, (2021). How can Ningxia's 38,000 college graduates stabilize their employment "rice bowls". Ningxia Daily.3</p><p>Gay, Mills & Airasian, (2011). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application. (10th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.</p><p>Geng Xingui, Tong Fuyong & Zhang Shouzhi. (2007). Compilation of Modern Chinese Educational History Materials (Industrial Education Normal Education). Shanghai Education Press.</p><p>George Mouzakitis. (2010). The role of vocational education and training curricula in economic development. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2010), 39143920. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.616</p><p>Gowsalya & Kumar. ( 2016). A Study on Identification of the Employability Skills Level among Arts and Science College Students in Namakkal District. Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5(9)</p><p>Gong Ning. (2016). Research on the Development of Higher Vocational Education in China based on the Improvement of Peoples Livelihood. Published master dissertation. Jilin University.</p><p>Gong Xue, Yu Xiulan, Ding Tingting. (2017). Analysis of differences in autonomous learning ability of different types of Undergraduates -- Based on the survey of 859 undergraduates in Jiangsu Province. China University teaching, 9:91 ~ 96</p><p>Gu Kunhua & Zhao Huili. (2010). The Establishment, Transformation and Development of Higher Vocational Education in China. Education Research Monthly, 10, 9396.</p><p>Gu Mingyuan. (1998). Department of World Education - Vocational Education. Shanghai Education Press.</p><p>Guidelines on National Mid-and-long Term Educational Reform and Development Planning (2010-2020). (2010). Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/ 2010-07/29/content_1667143. htm</p><p>Guo Bin. (2018). The study on the influence factors of undergraduatesemployability and countermeasuresTake ordinary universities in Shanxi province as example. Published master dissertation. Shanxi Finance University.</p><p>Guo Fa. (2002). Promote the Development of Vocational Education Reform and Decision-Making. Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2002/ content_61755.htm</p><p>Guo Sile. (1998). Modern Academic Concept and Development of Higher Vocational Education. Higher Education Exploration, 4.</p><p>Guo Xin. (2017). Study on the Cultivation of Chinese University Students Employability. Published doctoral dissertation. Jilin University.</p><p>Gao Xu, Li Wei & Zhang Jinlu (2015). An empirical study on the effect of College Students' employment guidance based on employability. Ability and Wisdom. (36)</p><p>Guo Zhiwen & Song Junhong. (2007). Research on Employability: Review and Outlook. Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Science), 6(34).</p><p>Gu Xiaoli. (2022). Research on the evaluation and difference of students autonomous learning ability in Higher Vocational Colleges. Chinese Journal of multimedia and network teaching, 03</p><p>Ha Liwen. (2007). Research on Employment of Graduates in Higher Vocational Colleges. Published master dissertation. Central China Normal University</p><p>Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs</p><p>Hair, J.F., Celsi, M.W., Ortinau, D.J. & Bush, R.P. (2013). Essentials of marketing research. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.</p><p>Hanapi, Z., & Nordin, M.S. (2014). Unemployment Among Malaysia graduates: Graduatesattributes, LecturersCompetency and Quality of Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 10561063.</p><p>Hao Keming & Gu Mingyuan. (2002). The 1990s China Education Reform Trends Series of Vocational Education. Beijing Normal University Press.</p><p>Harshal G. Vashi's. (2021). A Study on Enhancing Employability Skills of Engineering Graduates Of South GUJARAT, Published doctoral dissertation. GUJARAT Technological University.</p><p>He Chanjuan, Gao Yuhuan & Huo Yan.(2021). Influencing Factors and Promotion Strategies of Students' Employability in Higher Vocational Colleges. Modern Rural Science and Technology, 3.</p><p>He Guoqing. (2014). Historical Experiences in the Development of Foreign Vocational Education. Journal of Hebei University (Philosophy and Social Science), 1(39).</p><p>Henok Sirgew. (2018). Investigating Business Graduates Employability : The case of Addis Ababa University. Published master dissertation. Ababa University.</p><p>Hillage & Pollard. (2013). Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis. Research Brief, (December).</p><p>Hou Song. (2016). A Review of Foreign and Chinese Vocational Cultures from a Comparative Perspective. High Vocational Education Research, 5(012), 4144.</p><p>Hoyt. (1978). Employability: Are the Schools Responsible. New Direction for Education and Work, 1, 2933.</p><p>Huang Cheng. (2014). A Study on the Development of Higher Vocational Education with Chinese Characteristics. Journal of Chengdu Textile College, 31(2).</p><p>Huang Jingbao. (2012). The reform of college teaching methods oriented by employability. Knowledge Economy, (17).</p><p>Huang Jinyu. (2014). Competency Modeling and Validation of Graduates Employability. Published master dissertation. Soochow University.</p><p>International Labor Organization. (2017). World Employment Social Outlook: Trends 2016. 2017/01, 92. https://doi.org/ISBN 978-92-2-129260-9</p><p>International Labour Organization. (2013). Global employment trends 2013. Global Employment Trends. https://doi.org/92-2-113360-5</p><p>Ismail, Ahmad & Awang. (2017). A Study of Soft Skills among Polytechnic Students, Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 295-311.</p><p>Ismail Al-Rawi. (2013). Teaching Methodology and its Effects on Quality Learning. Journal of Education and Practice. 4(6)</p><p>Jackson, D. (2016). Re-conceptualising graduate employability: The importance of preprofessional identity. Higher Education Research and Development, 35, 925938. Doi:10.1080/07294360.2016.1139551</p><p>Ji Junjie. (2012). Influencing Factors and Importance of Vocational Students Employabilitynd. Vocational and Technical Education, 31(33), 3438.</p><p>Jia Chunyang. (2016). On the coupling between the refinement of employment guidance and the improvement of employment ability. Science and Technology, 26(29).</p><p>Jia Lijun ,Guan Jingjuan & Yang Yapei. (2013). Research Hotspot and Its Analysis of Employment Capacity in China. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2013(5).</p><p>Jiang Wen. (2017). Analysis on Employment Structure and Characteristics of Vocational Colleges Students. Cultural Perspectives, 17.</p><p>Jin Xinkai. (2016). Research on the Employability and Training Path of Higher Vocational Students. Science and Technology Economics Guide, 25, 56.</p><p>Jovinia Danial, Ab Rahim Bakar1 & Shamsiah Mohamed.( 2014). Factors Influencing the Acquisition of Employability Skills by Students of Selected Technical Secondary School in Malaysia. International Education Studies,7 (2)</p><p>Kahn, L., Abdo, M., Hewes, S., McNeil, B., & Norman, W. (2011). The way to work:Young people speak out on transitions to employment. (Report). London: Crown. Retrieved from http://youngfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/the-way-towork.pdf</p><p>Kang Shu. (2016). A Study on the Employability of Local Higher Vocational CollegesFocus on the Yanbian Vocational Technical College. Published master dissertation. Yanbian University.</p><p>Kaur, Gurvinder & Singh,Gurcharan.2008. Malaysian Graduates Employability Skills. Unitar E-Jouranl, 4(1).</p><p>Keams. (2001). Generic Skills for the New Economy. Australia: NCVER.Majumdar, 12, 1316. Retrieved from http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/602.html</p><p>Kinash, S., Crane, L., Judd, M., & Knight, C. (2016). Discrepant stakeholder perspectives on graduate employability strategies. Higher Education Research and Development, 235, 951967.</p><p>Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press</p><p>Koka, Anjani Srikanth & Raman, M. (2015). Importance of employability skills in information technology multinational corporations. Asian Journal of Management Research, 6(1), 19.</p><p>Krejcie, R., & Morgan, D. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 607610.</p><p>Kuang Ying. (2005). Comparative Research on the Development and Reform of Higher Vocational Education. Published doctoral dissertation. Shanghai: East China Normal University.</p><p>Leopold, D.A., Mitchell J.F., Freiwald, W.A., (2017). In:Kaas, J.H. (Ed.), Evolved Mechanisms of High-Level Visual Perception in Primates. Elsevier, pp.203-235</p><p>Li Fenfang. (2018). Social Ability Training Strategy for Higher Vocational Students Based on Cooperative Learning. Journal of Ningbo Polytechnic, 22(5)</p><p>Li Junkai. (2012). Research on the Structure and Influencing Factors of College Students Employability. Chinese Youth Studies, 11, 8992.</p><p>Li Junkai. (2013). Research on the Structural Model of University Students Employability. Education Research Monthly, 2, 6468.</p><p>Li Mingxia & Zhu Wanxu. (2022). Research on the training of College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship capability based on the "Internet plus" competition platform. Theoretical research and practice of innovation and entrepreneurship, 5 (06).</p><p>Li Wenhong. (2011). Vocational College Graduates Employment Characteristics and Employability Analysis. China Academic Publishing Network, 08.</p><p>Li Yong & Wu Bin. (2011). Luo Youqing Rational thinking on the reform of university teaching methods. China Higher Education Research, (5)</p><p>Li Yueqin & Cheng Heping.(2021) .Exploration on the Optimization of College Career Planning Education -- Taking Changzhou University Town higher vocational Park as an example. China Adult Education, (01).</p><p>Li Yuzhen & Xiao Huaiqiu. (2016). Analysis of the Employment Status Quo of Graduates from Higher Vocational Colleges and Countery easures. Shandong Chemical Industry, 45(20), 165166. https://doi.org/10.19319/j.cnki.issn. 1008-021x. 2016.20.068</p><p>Liang Ning. (2021). How to improve the employability of higher vocational students in Enterprises. Industrial & Science Tribune, 20 (11)</p><p>Liang Yan. (2014). Research on Current Situation and Countermeasures of College Students EmploymentTaking Hunan Industry Polytechnic as an Example. Published master dissertation. Hunan Agricultural University.</p><p>Liang Zhi & Zhao Xianggang. (2008). The Conceptual Analysis of Higher Vocational Education and the Definition of Its Connotation. Journal of Shandong Normal University, 53(1), 8891.</p><p>Lin Xiaoming. (2019). Research on the training system of Vocational College Students' career planning and employability improvement from the perspective of "great ideology and politics" -- Taking Jiangmen vocational and Technical College as an example. Think Tank Era,(11)</p><p>Liu Chunlei & He Xintong. (2015). Review on Employability of College Students. Value Engineering, 2(122), 220221. https://doi.org/10.14018/j.cnki.cn13-1085 /n.2015.02.122</p><p>Liu Lifang. (2020). Analysis of influencing factors of Vocational College Students' career planning ability. Talent Resource Development, (13)</p><p>Liu Min. (2020). Analysis and Countermeasures of the contradiction between the socialist market economy and the employment of vocational school students under the new situation. Labor Security World</p><p>Liu Peidan. (2017). Research on entrepreneurship and innovation training of college students from the perspective of employability, Journal of Jilin Institute of Education, (7), 19-21</p><p>Liu Qun. (2021). Research on Improving the Employability of Students Majoring in Tourism management in Higher Vocational Colleges Take Hebei Institute if International Business and Economics as an example. Published master dissertation. Guangxi Normal University.</p><p>Liu Songlin. (2010). Research on Effectiveness of Higher Vocational Education Curriculum. Published doctoral dissertation. Shanghai Normal University.</p><p>Liu Yang. (2007). On the Present Situation and System Construction of Higher Vocational Students Employability Training. Education and Occupation, 8, 5354.</p><p>Luo Zhufeng. (1991). Chinese Dictionary (Volume 8). Shanghai Education Press.</p><p>Ma Jibao. (2013). The Practice Exploration of the Joint of Medium and Higher Vocational Education: Taking Ningxia Polytechnic as an Example. Value Engineering, 21(130), 303304. https://doi.org/10.14018/j.cnki.cn13-1085/n. 2013.21.130</p><p>Mathers, Fox & Nick. (2009). Surveys and Questionnaires. National Institute for Health Research.</p><p>Mathiyazhagan. (2010). Survey research method. Media Mimansa, July(September), 3482.</p><p>Ma Zhicui. (2020). Research on the evaluation and improvement of the employability of college students majoring in logistics management in X College. Published master dissertation. Hebei University of Science and Technology.</p><p>Mbanefo, M.C. (2015). Developing creative thinking skills in basic science students: Prospects and challenges. Journal of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria. 50(1), 207-216.</p><p>Mcnabb, D. E., & Sharpe, E. (2013). Research Methods in Public Administration and Nonprofit Management Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. England: Armonk.</p><p>Mcquad & Lindsay. (2005). The Concept of Employability. Urban Studies, 42(2), 197219. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000316100</p><p>Mohd Husain , Seri Mokhtar, Abdul Ahmad & Mustapha, R. (2010). Importance of employability skills from employers perspective. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 430438. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.059</p><p>Ministry of Education. (2004). Ministry of Education on Employment-oriented and Deepening the Reform of Higher Vocational Education.</p><p>Misra and Khurana. (2017). Employability Skills among Information Technology Professionals: A Literature Review. Procedia Comput, 122, 6370.</p><p>Mitra, A., & Chowdhury, R. (2012). Concentrations of some heavy metals in commercially important finfish and shellfish of the River Ganga, 22192230. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10661-011-2111-x</p><p>Mohd Basir. (2016). Relationship Between Academic Performances and Skills with Employability Moderatin AND Skills with Employability Effect of Work Experience: Case Study from Audit Firms Perspective in Kota Kinabalu. Published master dissertation. University Malaysia Sabah.</p><p>Mustapha, R. & Greenan, J. P. (2002). The role of vocational education in economic development in Malaysia: Educators and employers perspectives. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 39(2), 111.Retrieved from ..!........mustapha.html</p><p>MyCOS. (2017). Chinese 3-year Vocational College GraduatesEmployment Annual Report(2017)(employment blue book).</p><p>Naik, Nerurkar, Phatak, Panchal & Paunikar. (2015). A questionnaire-based study to assess rational prescribing practice among interns. Research Article, 5(4), 323327. https://doi.org/10.5455/ njppp.2015.5.0605201549</p><p>Nanjwan & Eke & Plang. (2019). Vocational Skills and its Importance to Persons with Special Needs in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(10)</p><p>NASP. (2011). Effective partners in the commitment to help school children and youth achieve their best. National Association of School Psychologists. https://www.nasponline.org.</p><p>Ningxia Daily. (2020). Ningxia vocational college students account for 30% of higher education students. Retrieved from http://www.nx.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2020-11/11/c_1126724702.htm</p><p>Ningxia Polytechnic. (2017). Ningxia Polytechnic Institute of Higher Vocational Education Quality Annual Report (2017).</p><p>Nuryake, Budiyono. Muhammad & Wiranto. (2020).The Employability Skills Needed To Face the Demands of Work in the Future: Systematic Literature Reviews. Open Engineering. 10(1).</p><p>Oladeji.( 2012). Investigation into Effectiveness of Questionnaire as a Method of Scientific Research. Education, 2(1): 16-18</p><p>Oluwatayo. (2012). Validity and Reliability Issues in Educational Research. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(May), 391400. https://doi.org/ 10.5901/jesr.2012.v2n2. 391</p><p>Ooi Kean thong. (2017). The Research for the Practical Competence of Underground Engineering Students in Malaysia and the Influence Factors. Published doctoral dissertation. Nanjing University.</p><p>Ou Ruihua. (2014). Analysis of strategies for cultivating students' personal ability in electronic production. Computer Teaching, 171.</p><p>Paddi, k. (2014). Perceptions of employability skills necessary to enhance human resource management graduates' prospects of securing a relevant place in the labor market. European Scientific Journal, 20, 129-143.</p><p>Pan Bin. (2012). Analysis of factors affecting the employability of college students in agricultural and forestry colleges and universities. Anhui Agricultural Science, 40 (8): 5056-5058.</p><p>Pang Wenjing. ( 2021). Analysis on the influencing factors of Vocational College Students' employability based on factor analysis. Shanxi Youth. 13</p><p>Pang Zhikang. (2020). Research on improving the employability of vocational college students from the perspective of innovation and entrepreneurship education . China Vocational and Technical Education, (19): 88-92.</p><p>Peng Kangyu. (2016). Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Employability of Undergraduates. China Market, (34), 116117.</p><p>Peng Shuhong. (2014). Employability Structure of Universities and Colleges Graduates and Its Influential Factors. Education Research Monthly, 6(52), 6165. https://doi.org/10.13427/ j. cnki. njyi. 2014.06.010</p><p>Pengnate. (2018). Needs of Employability Skill Characteristics based on Employers Perception. in 2018 5th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR), pp. 598601.</p><p>Pool , & Sewell. (2007). The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education Training, 49(4), 277289. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 00400910710754435</p><p>QCA .(Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ). (2002). Guidance on the Wider Key Skills. London: QCA.Retrieved from www.qca.org.uk/qualifications/ types/6483. html.</p><p>Qian Kai. (2014). University Curriculum satisfaction survey - Data Analysis Based on the cultivation of students' employability. University (Academic Edition), (05).</p><p>Qian Zhengming. (2018). Focused on Students' Social Ability to Improve the Quality of Employment in Higher Vocational Colleges. China Economic & Trade Herald,(17)</p><p>Qiao Peike. (2009). Research on the Policy Development of Higher Vocational Education of China. Published master dissertation. Northeastern University.</p><p>Quan Fang. (2018). Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Employment Ability of Undergraduates in Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics. Published master dissertation. Jiangxi University.</p><p>Quan Xiongwei. (2016). Empirical Research on Three-dimensional Structural Model of Higher Vocational Students Employability. Journal of Higher Education, 16, 251252.</p><p>Rahman NAA, Tan KL, Lim CK. (2017). Predictive analysis and data mining among the employment of fresh graduate students in HEI.AIP Conf Proc 1891:020007</p><p>Rasul, R. Amnah, A. Rauf, and A. N. Mansor. (2013). Employability Skills Indicator as Perceived by Manufacturing Employers Employability Skills Indicator as Perceived by Manufacturing Employers. Asian Soc, 9 (8). 4246.</p><p>Robbin, Stephen P. (2006). Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversy and Application, PT.Prenhallindo, Jakarta</p><p>Rodney. (2011). Workplace Competencies Report. Toronto: University of Toronto.</p><p>Rowe & Zegwaard. (2017). Developing Graduate Employability Skills and Attributes: Curriculum Enhancement through Work-integrated Learning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 18(2),87-99.</p><p>Rubio, BergWeger, Tebb, Lee, & Rauch. (2003). Objectifyng content validity : Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Psychology Journals, 27(June). https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/27.2.94</p><p>Sampson. (2017). A Guide to Quantitative and Qualitative Dissertation Research ( Second Edition ). Published doctoral dissertation. Florida State University.</p><p>Shafie, L.A. & Nayan, S. (2010). Employability Awareness Among Malaysian Undergraduates.International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 119-123.</p><p>Shao Haiyan & Hu Fang. (2005). An Analysis of the Employability of College Students. Higher Education Development and Evaluation, 5(21), 1517.</p><p>Shen Yiwen. (2009). Research on HRST Capacity Building Based on Capability Framework. Published master dissertation. Zhejiang University.</p><p>Shi Weiping. (2001). Comparative Vocational and Technical Education. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press.</p><p>Siddiqui, K. (2013). Heuristics for sample size determination in multivariate statistical techniques. World Applied Sciences Journal, 27(2), 285-287. doi: 0.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.02.889</p><p>Silvia Golia. (2011). The Impact of Questionnaire Size on the Accuracy of the Rasch Measure. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11 ( 4 ) : 707-712 .</p><p>Soares, I., Dias, D., Monteiro, A., & Proena, J. (2017). Learning outcomes and employability: a case study on management academic programmes. INTED2017 Proceedings.</p><p>Song Keyu. (2021). Practical difficulties and solutions of giving priority to stable employment and ensuring people's livelihood in Ningxia. Northern Economy,01</p><p>Sumanasiri, E. G. T., Yajid, M. S. A., &amp; Khatibi, A. (2015, August 1). Review of Literature on Graduate Employability. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/GishanErabaddage/publication/281926484_Review_of_literature_on_Graduate_Employability/links/5655532708aeafc2aabc4846/Review-of-literature-on-Graduate-Employability.pdf.</p><p>State Council. (2002). Decision of the State Council on Promoting Reform and Development of Vocational Education.</p><p>Stein, C. M., Morris, N. J., & Nock, N. L. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling. Methods in Molecular Biology, (January). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1- 61779-555-8</p><p>Stewart, J. & Knowles, V. (1999). The Changing Nature of Graduate Careers. Career Development International, 4(7), 370-383.</p><p>Strauss K., Griffen, M.A., & Parker, S.K. (2012). Future work selves: How salient hoped-for identities motivate proactive career behaviours. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 580 598. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026423</p><p>Sun Jianping. (2017). Study on the mode and mechanism of cross regional cooperation in running schools of Vocational Education in Ningxia. The Silk Road Vision, 6</p><p>Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS.( 2013). The Use of Structured Imagery and Dispositional Measurement to Assess Situational Use of Mindfulness Skills, Using multivariate statistics (January). 7(8)</p><p>Tan Zheng. (2012). Conceptual Development and Characterization of College Students Employability. Education and Examinations, 5255.</p><p>Tang Guoying. (2016). Reflections on Improving the Employment Ability of Higher Vocational College Students under the New Normal Condition. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University (Social Science Edition), 1(17).</p><p>Tang Wei & Zhang Zihan & Zhang Change, (2021). On the ways to improve the employability of higher vocational students from the perspective of career expectation, Employment and Security, 12</p><p>Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbachs alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 5355. Retrieved from http://doi.org/ 10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd</p><p>The Central People's Government of the people's Republic of China.2018 government work report .[r/ol] (2018-3-5) [2022-2-15]. http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2018zfgzbg.htm.</p><p>The Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.jyb.cn/zyjy/zyjyxw/ 201406/t20140622_ 587161 .html,2014-06-22.</p><p>The report the 19th CPC National Congress. (2017). Retrieved from http://cpc.people. com.cn/n1/2017/1028/c64094-29613660.html</p><p>The State Council. (2015). Made in China 2025. The State Council, 8,MAY.</p><p>Thijssen, Beatrice, Van Heijden, & Rocco. (2008). Toward the employability-link model: Current employment transition to future employment perspectives. Human Resource Development Review, 7(2), 165183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484308314955</p><p>Tran, Thi Tuyet (2016). Enhancing graduate employability and the need for university-enterprise collaboration. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 7 (1), 58-71.</p><p>Tymon, A. (2013). The student perspective on employability. Studies in Higher Education, 38(6), 841856. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.604408</p><p>UK Commission for Employment and Skills. (2009). The Employability Challenge Case Studies. Retrieved from http://www.ukces.org.uuk/tags/ employability challenge-full-report, 2009-05-04.</p><p>UNESCO. (2017). Changing Skills: Global Trends and Local Practice. In International Conference (July 4-6). Tangshan, China.</p><p>Van Heijde & Van Heijden. (2006). A Conpetence-based and Multidimensional Operationalization and Measurement of Employability. Human Resource Management, 3(45), 449476. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm</p><p>Wagaskar, Tripathy, Chauhan, Malaji & Yadav. (2017). Employ ... able A Tool to achieve 7E s of Employability. in International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), pp. 17561761</p><p>Wang Bimei. (2022). The influence of teachers' teaching ability on the appreciation of students' academic achievement. Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Elementary Education Edition). 23(4).</p><p>Wang Lifen. (2018). Research on the Employability Enhancement of Higher Vocational College Students based on Interpretative Structural Modeling Method. Journal of Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College,18(1).</p><p>Wang Ruilan. (2016). Factors Influencing Higher Vocational Students Employability and Coping Strategies. Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences), 12.</p><p>Wang Xinyu. (2014). Connotation and Structure of the Employability of College Students in Beijing. Peoples Forum, 8, 143145.</p><p>Wang Yali & Liu Yabin. (2011). The Main experiences and practices of improving employment ability of undergraduates. Master, 14.</p><p>Wang Yi. (2005). Employability: Important Aspects of Promoting Employment of College Graduates. Education Development Research, 7, 3134. https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki. 1008-3855.2005.07.009</p><p>Wang Yigao. (1999). The Soviet Unions Success in 70 Years of Education. Beijing Normal University Press.</p><p>Wang Ying. (2006). Research on Individual Employment Ability Based on the Influence of Higher Education. Published master dissertation. Dalian University of Technology.</p><p>Wang Yuling. (2011). Vocational Students Internal Employment Ability and Its Cultivation. Education and Vocation, 17(078), 8889. https://doi.org/ 10.13615/j.cnki.1004-3985. 2011.17. 078</p><p>Wen Panya.(2017). New Undergraduate Colleges and Universities Should Strengthen Construction of "Double Qualified" Teachers. China Higher Education. (Z3): 63-65.</p><p>Wood, V. R. (2007). Globalization and Higher Education: Eight Common Perceptions from Univeristy Leaders. Institute of International Education, 1(212), 49.</p><p>WWW.CNR.CN. (2016). It is the mission of The Times to train great builders. Retrieved from http://news.cnr.cn/special/dggj/pl/20160427/t20160427_ 521994753.shtml</p><p>Xiao Yan & Wang Yanan. (2018). An Analysis of the Dimensional Structure of College Students Employability. Journal of Xian Shiyou University (Social Science Edition), 1, 38.</p><p>Xiao Yijie. (2010). Research on the Employability Structure of Higher Vocational Students and the Influence of Higher Vocational Education on Employability. Vocational and Technical Education, 13, 7074.</p><p>Xie Yizhong & Chen Jing & Zhu Lin. (2013). Employability: Definition, Structure and Empirical Findings. Advances in Psychological Science, 21(3), 517529. https://doi.org/10.3724/ SP.J.1042.2013.00517</p><p>Xie Zhiyuan. (2005). Reflections on Cultivating College Students Employability. Education Development Research, 1, 9092.</p><p>Xiong Leixin. (2020). The current situation and cultivation of autonomous learning ability of students majoring in preschool education in Higher Vocational Colleges -- Taking Hangzhou XX University as an example. Journal of Ningbo Institute of education, 5: 100 ~ 103</p><p>Xu Jia.(2020). Research on the Promotion Strategy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability of Higher Vocational Students Based on Employment Orientation. Scientific and Technological Style, 12.</p><p>Xu Jie. (2014). The Docking of Vocational Education and Industrial Restructuring Research - Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example. Ningxia Social Sciences, 2014.9(5), 8386.</p><p>Xu xinwen. (2016). Enhancement of the Students Employment Ability at G Higher Vocational College for Forestry. Published master dissertation. Gugangxi University.</p><p>Xue Fang. (2017). Improve teaching and enhance vocational graduates' career planning ability. Education Modernization,4(51)</p><p>Xue Yunpeng. (2021). Research on the Cultivation of Vocal Students'Employability of International Business Major in Dalian LS Technical Secondary School, Published master dissertation. Liaoning Normal University.</p><p>Yan Dawei. (2007). Discussion on the Composition and Elements of College Students Employability. Qinghai Social Sciences, 6, 2831.</p><p>Yan Ming & Wang Jinxin. (2009). Empirical Study on the Status Quo of Higher Vocational Students EmployabilityBased on the Investigation of Higher Vocational Students in Sichuan Province. Chinese Youth Research, 9, 5659.</p><p>Yan, P.C. (2011). Research Methods and Statistics, McGraw-Hill Press. 346. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/ CBO9781107415324.004</p><p>Yang Jiajia. (2018). Influencing Factors of Employability of Higher Vocational Students. Shanxi Youth, 2, 07.</p><p>Yi Lian. (2014). Research and Thinking on the Development of Vocational Education in China. Journal of HuBei Adult Education Institute, MAR,2014,2(2).</p><p>Yilmaz, K. (2013). Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research traditions: Epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences. European Journal of Education, 48(2), pp. 311-325. doi:10.1111/ejed.12014</p><p>Youth. (2021). "Qualifications and Attributes Critical to Employers," Accessed Aug. 19.</p><p>Yorke,M.& Knight, P. (2003). The undergraduate curriculum and employabiIity. LTSN generic centre. Retrieved from [EB/OL].LTSN generic centre,www.ltsn.ac.uk/applicatio;n.asp?app=resources.asp&process=full_ record & section=generic&id=248,2003.)</p><p>YU lijun. (2014). Constructing the Coordinated Development of Secondary and Higher Vocational Education and Promoting the Construction of Modern Vocational Education System - Taking the Vocational Education Model of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example. Reform & Openning, 6567. https://doi.org/10.16653/j.cnki.32-1034/f.2014.06.046</p><p>Zhai Bo. (2011). Construction and Implementation Path Selection of whole process College Employment Guidance Mode. Modern Education Management. 11: 111-114.</p><p>Zhang Haifeng. (2002). Analysis and Definition of the Concept of Higher Vocational Education. Journal of Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College, 1, 811.</p><p>Zhang Hanzhi & Chen Haobin. (2014). New Demands of Vocational Education and the Development of Vocational Education in Economic Globalization. Vocational Education Forum, 2014(25).</p><p>Zhang Huihui. (2019). Research on the improvement of Vocational College Students' employability based on the guidance of career planning. Education and Culture, (28): 137-138</p><p>Zhang Huiling. (2020). The Impact of Competent Social support on the Employability of Higher Vocational Students - Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. Published master dissertation. School of education, central China Normal University.</p><p>Zhang Li. (2016). Investigation and Research on the Employability of Higher Vocational Graduates-A Case Study of Higher Vocational Colleges in Shanxi Province. Shanxi Normal University.</p><p>Zhang qian.(2020). Research on the Evaluation of College students' Employability and Improvement Countermeasures in vocational Colleges. Published master dissertation. Hebei University</p><p>Zhang Rui. (2017). Research on the Influence of Learning engagement on the Employability of College Students:Taking Academic Achievement as mediator variable. Shanxi University of Finance & Economics.</p><p>Zhang Xiu & Zhuang Xizhen. (2014). An Analysis of Employability Structure of Higher Vocational Students Based on CareerEDGE Model. Education and Occupation, 5, 112114. https://doi.org/10.13615/j.cnki.1004-3985.2014.05.051</p><p>Zhang Yan. (2017). On Current Problems in Chinas Higher Vocational Education and Developmental Trend. Journal of Jilin Engineering Normal University, 33(12), 1012.</p><p>Zhao Jianhui. (2018). An analysis of the ways to improve the employability of Higher Vocational Students -- Taking Changchun Financial College as an example, Vocational and Technical Education, (35), 48-51</p><p>Zheng Hongxia. (2011). Thinking about enhancing the personal development ability of vocational school students, Journal of Zhenjiang college, 24 (3).</p><p>Zheng Jingxin . (2022). Skills for the country. future prospects. www.bookan.com.cn.</p><p>Zheng Xiaoming. (2002). Employing Ability Theory. Journal of China Institute of Politics, 21(5), 9192.</p><p>Zhou Guangkuo , Wang Yunjiang ,Wang Hu & Wu Gaochao. (2017). Research on Employment Qualification of Higher Vocational Graduates. Journal of Yangling Vocational and Technical College, 16(3).</p><p>Zhou Jun. (2017). Questionnaire Data Analysis. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press.</p><p>Zhu Jia. (2022). "1+ X" practice of shaping the professional ability of compound talents -- Based on the investigation of Finance and insurance major in Higher Vocational Colleges. Jiangsu Commercial Forum, 07.032</p><p>Zhu Zimin.(2016). Research on the training mode of modern apprenticeship talents in Higher Vocational Colleges in Ningxia. Shanxi Agricultural Economy,14.</p><p>Zhuang Xiaojiang. (2011). Constructing and Cultivating Strategies for the Employability Structure of Higher Vocational Graduates. Studies in Continuing Education, 7.</p><p>Zinser, R. (2003). Developing Career and Employability Skills: A US Case Study. Education and Training, 45(7), 402410.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

A framework of employability skills amongst Ningxia polytechnic graduated students

Similar Items