A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme

<p>This study aims to investigate a case study using the TPACK framework as a tool to</p><p>evaluate a TESL pre-service teachers education programme. A qualitative approach</p><p>with a case study design was selected for this stud...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9586
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:9586
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman
A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
description <p>This study aims to investigate a case study using the TPACK framework as a tool to</p><p>evaluate a TESL pre-service teachers education programme. A qualitative approach</p><p>with a case study design was selected for this study to examine the TPACK</p><p>competencies level among pre-service teachers. In addition, the study is intended to</p><p>explore the TESL pre-service teachers TPACK learning experiences in technology</p><p>courses as well as to investigate on how TPACK has been integrated by TESL preservice</p><p>teachers in their pedagogical skills. The data was collected using a</p><p>questionnaire, observation of pre-service teachers, focus group interviews with the preservice</p><p>teachers and lecturers teaching the technology course, and document analysis</p><p>of course instructional planning. A class of thirty TESL pre-service teachers in a teacher</p><p>education programme was chosen as the participants of the study using the purposive</p><p>sampling method. The findings showed that TESL pre-service teachers are competent</p><p>and had an average level of TPACK competencies. The findings from the interviews</p><p>showed that pre-service teachers had the meaningful learning experience via active</p><p>learning in which they had hands on teaching experience by bringing their own device.</p><p>Furthermore, the TESL pre-service teachers has applied TPACK in developing the</p><p>pedagogical skills through the use of technology integration of language content and</p><p>pedagogical content knowledge. The study implicates that teacher education</p><p>programmes should integrate the TPACK knowledge through technological courses.</p><p>Pre-service teachers also are encouraged to equip themselves with Technological</p><p>Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). It is essential in fostering pedagogical</p><p>improvement for education in twenty-first-century learning. It involves using</p><p>technology that has identified ICT-based learning as a standard element across all</p><p>twenty-first-century knowledge frameworks.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman
author_facet A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman
author_sort A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman
title A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
title_short A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
title_full A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
title_fullStr A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
title_full_unstemmed A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme
title_sort case of using tpack framework as a tool to evaluate a tesl pre service teacher education programme
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi
publishDate 2022
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9586
_version_ 1783730284166905856
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:95862023-10-18 A case of using TPACK framework as a tool to evaluate a TESL pre service teacher education programme 2022 A\'tiah Sakinah Abdul Rahman LB Theory and practice of education <p>This study aims to investigate a case study using the TPACK framework as a tool to</p><p>evaluate a TESL pre-service teachers education programme. A qualitative approach</p><p>with a case study design was selected for this study to examine the TPACK</p><p>competencies level among pre-service teachers. In addition, the study is intended to</p><p>explore the TESL pre-service teachers TPACK learning experiences in technology</p><p>courses as well as to investigate on how TPACK has been integrated by TESL preservice</p><p>teachers in their pedagogical skills. The data was collected using a</p><p>questionnaire, observation of pre-service teachers, focus group interviews with the preservice</p><p>teachers and lecturers teaching the technology course, and document analysis</p><p>of course instructional planning. A class of thirty TESL pre-service teachers in a teacher</p><p>education programme was chosen as the participants of the study using the purposive</p><p>sampling method. The findings showed that TESL pre-service teachers are competent</p><p>and had an average level of TPACK competencies. The findings from the interviews</p><p>showed that pre-service teachers had the meaningful learning experience via active</p><p>learning in which they had hands on teaching experience by bringing their own device.</p><p>Furthermore, the TESL pre-service teachers has applied TPACK in developing the</p><p>pedagogical skills through the use of technology integration of language content and</p><p>pedagogical content knowledge. The study implicates that teacher education</p><p>programmes should integrate the TPACK knowledge through technological courses.</p><p>Pre-service teachers also are encouraged to equip themselves with Technological</p><p>Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). It is essential in fostering pedagogical</p><p>improvement for education in twenty-first-century learning. It involves using</p><p>technology that has identified ICT-based learning as a standard element across all</p><p>twenty-first-century knowledge frameworks.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9586 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9586 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi <p>Abdullah, M. (2019). Leveraging the Use of Social Media in Teaching Writing: A Qualitative Investigation among ESL Pre-Service Teachers. iJIM, 13(11), 85.</p><p>Adam, A. (2017). A framework for seeking the connections between technology, pedagogy and culture: A study in the Maldives. Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning, 21(1), 35-51.</p><p>Adams, D., & Muthiah, V. (2020). Teacher Education in Malaysia: Practices, Challenges and Future Trends for the Twenty-First Century Teacher Education in the Global Era (pp. 133-144): Springer.</p><p>Admiraal, W., van Vugt, F., Kranenburg, F., Koster, B., Smit, B., Weijers, S., & Lockhorst, D. (2017). Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology into K12 instruction: evaluation of a technology-infused approach. Technology, pedagogy and education, 26(1), 105-120.</p><p>Agrawal, A. K., & Mittal, G. K. (2018). The role of ICT in higher education for the 21st century: ICT as a change agent for education. Multidisciplinary Higher Education, Research, Dynamics & Concepts: Opportunities & Challenges For Sustainable Development (ISBN 978-93-87662-12-4), 1(1), 76-83.</p><p>Agyei, D., & Voogt, J. (2011). Determining Teachers TPACK through observations and self-report data. Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.</p><p>Al-Ruz, J. A., & Khasawneh, S. (2011). Jordanian pre-service teachers' and technology integration: A human resource development approach. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 14(4), 77-87.</p><p>Alanko, A. (2018). Preparing pre-service teachers for homeschool cooperation: exploring Finnish teacher education programmes. Journal of Education for tEaching, 44(3), 321-332.</p><p>Almisad, B. (2020). The Degree of Achieving ISTE Standards among Pre-Service Teachers at" The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training"(PAAET) in Kuwait from Their Point of Views. World Journal of Education, 10(1), 69-80.</p><p>Alsofyani, M. M., Eynon, R., & Majid, N. A. (2012). A preliminary evaluation of short blended online training workshop for TPACK development using technology acceptance model. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(3).</p><p>Angrosino, M. (2007). Doing ethnographic and observational research: Sage.</p><p>Augustine, N. (2018). Factors Influencing The Use Of Ict In Teaching Among Secondary School Teachers In Aba North District, Nigeria.</p><p>Azhar, I. N. K., & Hashim, H. (2022). Level of ESL Teachers Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Skill and Attitude towards Technology. Creative Education, 13(4), 1193-1210.</p><p>Baran, E., Canbazoglu Bilici, S., Albayrak Sari, A., & Tondeur, J. (2019). Investigating the impact of teacher education strategies on preservice teachers' TPACK. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 357-370.</p><p>Bari, M., Djouab, R., & Hoa, C. P. (2018). Elearning current situation and emerging challenges. PEOPLE Int. J. Soc. Sci., 4(2).</p><p>Barmore, J. (2017). Pre-Service Teacher Education: Connecting Teaching Principles to Teaching Practice. Harvard University. </p><p>Barrett, D., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research: Royal College of Nursing.</p><p>Batane, T., & Ngwako, A. (2017). Technology use by pre-service teachers during teaching practice: Are new teachers embracing technology right away in their first teaching experience? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1).</p><p>Baz, E. H., Balikanli, C., & Cephe, P. T. (2018). Introducing an innovative technology integration model: Echoes from EFL pre-service teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 23(5), 2179-2200.</p><p>Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (2013). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning (Vol. 711): routledge New York, NY.</p><p>Betrus, A. (2012). Historical evolution of instructional technology in teacher education programs: A ten-year update. TechTrends, 56(5), 42-45.</p><p>Bhattacharjee, B., & Deb, K. (2016). Role of ICT in 21st centurys teacher education. International Journal of Education and Information Studies, 6(1), 1-6.</p><p>bin Darusalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 5(3), 235-245.</p><p>Birkollu, S. S., Yucesoy, Y., Baglama, B., & Kanbul, S. (2017). Investigating the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards technology based on various variables. TEM Journal, 6(3), 578.</p><p>Brenner, A. M., & Brill, J. M. (2016). Investigating practices in teacher education that promote and inhibit technology integration transfer in early career teachers. TechTrends, 60(2), 136-144.</p><p>Britto, M. (2005). Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Integrate Technology: The Utility of the Intel Teach to the Future Program. Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.</p><p>Bueno-Alastuey, M. C., Villarreal, I., & Garca Esteban, S. (2018). Can telecollaboration contribute to the TPACK development of pre-service teachers? Technology, pedagogy and education, 27(3), 367-380.</p><p>Cakir, R., & Solak, E. (2014). Exploring the Factors Influencing E-Learning of Turkish EFL Learners through TAM. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 13(3), 79-87.</p><p>Campbell, C. M. (2017). An inside view: The utility of quantitative observation in understanding college educational experiences. Journal of College Student Development, 58(2), 290-299.</p><p>Can, B., Erkten, S., & Bahtiyar, A. (2017). An investigation of pre-service science teachers technological pedagogical content knowledge.</p><p>Candela, A. G. (2019). Exploring the function of member checking. The Qualitative Report, 24(3), 619-628.</p><p>Cetin-Berber, D., & Erdem, A. R. (2015). An investigation of Turkish pre-service teachers technological, pedagogical and content knowledge. Computers, 4(3), 234-250.</p><p>Chai, C. S., & Koh, J. H. L. (2017). Changing teachers TPACK and design beliefs through the Scaffolded TPACK Lesson Design Model (STLDM). Learning: research and Practice, 3(2), 114-129.</p><p>Charbonneau-Gowdy, P. (2015). It Takes a Community to Develop a Teacher: Testing a New Teacher Education Model for Promoting ICT in Classroom Teaching Practices in Chile. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 13(4), 237-249.</p><p>Chen, W., Lim, C., & Tan, A. (2010). Pre-service teachers ICT experiences and competencies: New generation of teachers in digital age. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computers in Education.</p><p>Ciptaningrum, D. S. (2017). The development of the survey of technology use, teaching, and technology-related learning experiences among pre-service English language teachers in Indonesia. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 11-26.</p><p>Cochran, K. F., DeRuiter, J. A., & King, R. A. (1993). Pedagogical content knowing: An integrative model for teacher preparation. Journal of teacher Education, 44(4), 263-272.</p><p>Coggshall, J. G., Bivona, L., & Reschly, D. J. (2012). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Teacher Preparation Programs for Support and Accountability. Research & Policy Brief. National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality.</p><p>Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications.</p><p>Darling-Hammond, L. (2016). Research on teaching and teacher education and its influences on policy and practice. Educational Researcher, 45(2), 83-91.</p><p>Das, K. (2019). The role and impact of ICT in improving the quality of education: An overview. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities, 4(6), 97-103.</p><p>Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340.</p><p>Davis Jr, F. D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. </p><p>Davis, N. L., Gough, M., & Taylor, L. L. (2019). Online teaching: advantages, obstacles and tools for getting it right. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 19(3), 256-263.</p><p>Demirkan, O. (2019). Pre-Service Teachers' Views about Digital Teaching Materials. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 14(1), 40-60.</p><p>DeVellis, R. (2012). Scale development: theory and applications,(ed.) SAGE: Thousand Oaks: Calif.</p><p>Dinsmore, J., & Wenger, K. (2006). Relationships in preservice teacher preparation: From cohorts to communities. Teacher Education Quarterly, 33(1), 57-74.</p><p>Don, Z. M., & Abdullah, M. H. (2019). What the CEFR is and isnt. Free Malaysia Today.</p><p>Donnelly, D., McGarr, O., & OReilly, J. (2011). A framework for teachers integration of ICT into their classroom practice. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1469-1483.</p><p>Dumlao, R. P., & Pinatacan, J. R. (2019). From Practice to Writing: Using Reflective Journal Instruction in Enhancing Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Development. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 459-478.</p><p>Earle, R. S. (2002). The integration of instructional technology into public education: Promises and challenges. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY-SADDLE BROOK THEN ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS NJ-, 42(1), 5-13.</p><p>Easter, T. N. (2012). Preparing pre-service teachers and technology literacy. Washington State University. </p><p>Ekrem, S., & Recep, . (2014). Examining Preservice EFL Teachers' TPACK Competencies in Turkey. Journal of Educators Online, 11(2).</p><p>Ersanli, C. Y. (2016). Improving Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Pre-Service English Language Teachers. International Education Studies, 9(5), 18.</p><p>Farjon, D., Smits, A., & Voogt, J. (2019). Technology integration of pre-service teachers explained by attitudes and beliefs, competency, access, and experience. Computers & education, 130, 81-93.</p><p>Fathi, J., & Yousefifard, S. (2019). Assessing language teachers technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): EFL students perspectives. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 7(2), 255-282.</p><p>Feijo, C., Ramos, S., Armua, C., Arenal, A., & Gmez-Barroso, J.-L. (2018). A study on the deployment of high-speed broadband networks in NUTS3 regions within the framework of digital agenda for Europe. Telecommunications Policy, 42(9), 682-699.</p><p>Feiman-Nemser, S., & Buchmann, M. (1986). The first year of teacher preparation: Transition to pedagogical thinking? Journal of curriculum studies, 18(3), 239-256.</p><p>Ganapathy, M. (2016). Transformation of Malaysias higher education system: Malaysia Education Blueprint (2015-2025). Bulletin of Higher Education Research, 5(1), 10-11.</p><p>Gavillet, R. (2018). Experiential learning and its impact on college students. Texas Education Review.</p><p>Ghazali, D., & Sufean, H. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Goldstein, O., & Tessler, B. (2017). The impact of the national program to integrate ICT in teaching in pre-service teacher training. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 13(1), 151-166.</p><p>Gros, B. (2016). The dialogue between emerging pedagogies and emerging technologies The Future of ubiquitous learning (pp. 3-23): Springer.</p><p>Grossman, P. L (1990) The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education: New York: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University.</p><p>Gudmundsdottir, G. B., & Hatlevik, O. E. (2018). Newly qualified teachers professional digital competence: implications for teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(2), 214-231.</p><p>Gur, H. (2015). A short review of TPACK for teacher education. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(7), 777-789.</p><p>Gustafsson, J. (2017). Single case studies vs. multiple case studies: A comparative study.</p><p>Han, I., Eom, M., & Shin, W. S. (2013). Multimedia case-based learning to enhance pre-service teachers' knowledge integration for teaching with technologies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 34, 122-129.</p><p>Harris, D. N., & Sass, T. R. (2009). What Makes for a Good Teacher and Who Can Tell? Working Paper 30. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.</p><p>Harris, J., Grandgenett, N., & Hofer, M. (2010). Testing a TPACK-based technology integration assessment rubric. Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.</p><p>Harun, R. N. S. R. (2020). The 3E (engages, empowers, and emancipates): ESL teacher education curriculum in the development of future teachers Localizing Global English (pp. 104-124): Routledge.</p><p>Hashemi, A. (2021). The barriers to the use of ICT in english language teaching: A systematic literature review. Bilgi ve Iletisim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 3(1), 77-88.</p><p>Heitink, M., Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Verplanken, L., & van Braak, J. (2017). Eliciting teachers technological pedagogical knowledge. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(3).</p><p>Howard, S. K., Tondeur, J., Ma, J., & Yang, J. (2019). Seeing the wood for the trees: Insights into the complexity of developing pre-service teachers digital competencies for future teaching.</p><p>Howey, K. R., & Grossman, P. L. (1989). A study in contrast: Sources of pedagogical content knowledge for secondary English. Journal of teacher Education, 40(5), 24-31.</p><p>Hsu, P.-S. (2013). Examining changes of preservice teachers beliefs about technology integration during student teaching. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 21(1), 27-48.</p><p>Ince, B. H. (2019). Empowering Novice Teachers Through Blended Feedback Examining the Teacher Induction Process in Contemporary Education Systems (pp. 112-142): IGI Global.</p><p>Instefjord, E., & Munthe, E. (2016). Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology: an analysis of the emphasis on digital competence in teacher education curricula. European Journal of Teacher Education, 39(1), 77-93.</p><p>Irvine, V., & Montgomerie, T. C. (2001). A Survey of Current Computer Skill Standards and Implications for Teacher Education.</p><p>Jaipal-Jamani, K., & Figg, C. (2015). A case study of a TPACK-based approach to teacher professional development: Teaching science with blogs. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 15(2), 161-200.</p><p>Jalani, G., Hussain, S., Amin, N., & Hussain, D. (2021). Self-Assessment of Prospective Teachers Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(1), 97-116.</p><p>Janssen, N., Knoef, M., & Lazonder, A. W. (2019). Technological and pedagogical support for pre-service teachers lesson planning. Technology, pedagogy and education, 28(1), 115-128.</p><p>Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Lim, E. (2018). Factors influencing preservice teachers intention to use technology: TPACK, teacher self-efficacy, and technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 48-59.</p><p>Kalantzis, M., & Cope, B. (2012). New learning: a charter for change in education. Critical Studies in Education, 53(1), 83-94.</p><p>Kay, R. H. (2006). Evaluating strategies used to incorporate technology into preservice education: A review of the literature. Journal of research on technology in education, 38(4), 383-408.</p><p>Kim, H. J., & Jang, H. Y. (2015). Motivating pre-service teachers in technology integration of web 2.0 for teaching internships. International Education Studies, 8(8), 21-32.</p><p>Kimm, C. H., Kim, J., Baek, E.-O., & Chen, P. (2020). Pre-service Teachers Confidence in their ISTE Technology-Competency. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36(2), 96-110.</p><p>Kirschner, P., Wubbels, T., & Brekelmans, M. (2008). Benchmarks for teacher education programs in the pedagogical use of ICT International handbook of information technology in primary and secondary education (pp. 435-447): Springer.</p><p>Kirschner, P. A., & De Bruyckere, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 135-142.</p><p>Koehler, M., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70.</p><p>Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Cain, W. (2013). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Journal of education, 193(3), 13-19.</p><p>Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Kereluik, K., Shin, T. S., & Graham, C. R. (2014). The technological pedagogical content knowledge framework Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 101-111): Springer.</p><p>Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Yahya, K. (2007). Tracing the development of teacher knowledge in a design seminar: Integrating content, pedagogy and technology. Computers & education, 49(3), 740-762.</p><p>Koh, J. H., & Divaharan, H. (2011). Developing pre-service teachers' technology integration expertise through the TPACK-developing instructional model. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44(1), 35-58.</p><p>Koh, J. H. L., Chai, C. S., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Examining practicing teachers perceptions of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) pathways: A structural equation modeling approach. Instructional Science, 41(4), 793-809.</p><p>Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development: FT press.</p><p>Kozikoglu, I., & Babacan, N. (2019). The investigation of the relationship between Turkish EFL teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge skills and</p><p>attitudes towards technology. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(1), 20-33.</p><p>Kurt, G., Akyel, A., Kooglu, Z., & Mishra, P. (2014). TPACK in practice: A qualitative study on technology integrated lesson planning and implementation of Turkish pre-service teachers of English. ELT Research Journal, 3(3), 153-166.</p><p>Kurt, G., Mishra, P., & Kocoglu, Z. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledge development of Turkish pre-service teachers of English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education, New Orleans, LA. Retrieved from http://punya. educ. msu. edu/wpcontent/uploads/2013/03/Kurt-Mishra-SITE2013-paper. pdf.</p><p>Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2007). Introduction to interview research. Doing interviews, 2-11.</p><p>Lai, H.-M., Hsiao, Y.-L., & Hsieh, P.-J. (2018). The role of motivation, ability, and opportunity in university teachers continuance use intention for flipped teaching. Computers & education, 124, 37-50.</p><p>Lai Wah, L., & Hashim, H. (2021). Determining Pre-Service Teachers Intention of Using Technology for Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). Sustainability, 13(14), 7568.</p><p>Lawrence, J. E., & Tar, U. A. (2018). Factors that influence teachers adoption and integration of ICT in teaching/learning process. Educational Media International, 55(1), 79-105.</p><p>Le, N., & Song, J. (2018). TPACK in a CALL Course and its Effect on Vietnamese Pre-service EFL Teachers1. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 31.</p><p>Lee, J., & Park, H.-K. (2016). A Study on cases for application of flipped learning in K-12 education. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(8), 19-36.</p><p>Li, Y., Garza, V., Keicher, A., & Popov, V. (2019). Predicting high school teacher use of technology: Pedagogical beliefs, technological beliefs and attitudes, and teacher training. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 24(3), 501-518.</p><p>List, A., Brante, E. W., & Klee, H. L. (2020). A framework of pre-service teachers conceptions about digital literacy: Comparing the United States and Sweden. Computers & education, 148, 103788.</p><p>Liu, S.-H. (2011). Modeling pre-service teachers knowledge of, attitudes toward, and intentions for technology integration. Paper presented at the EdMedia+ Innovate Learning.</p><p>Liu, S.-H. (2012). A multivariate model of factors influencing technology use by preservice teachers during practice teaching. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(4), 137-149.</p><p>Liu, S., Liu, H., Yu, Y., Li, Y., & Wen, T. (2014). TPACK: A new dimension to EFL teachers PCK. Journal of Education and Human Development, 3(2), 681-693.</p><p>Loughran, J., Mulhall, P., & Berry, A. (2008). Exploring pedagogical content knowledge in science teacher education. International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1301-1320.</p><p>Lynch, T., Hicks, T., Bartels, J., Beach, R., Connors, S., Damico, N., & Zucker, L. (2018). Beliefs for integrating technology into the English Language Arts classroom: National Council of Teachers of English. http://www2. ncte. org/statement .</p><p>Lysenko, V. (2018). The information and communication technology in education.</p><p>Mahdum, M. (2015). Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) of English Teachers in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5), 168.</p><p>Maor, D., & Currie, J. K. (2017). The use of technology in postgraduate supervision pedagogy in two Australian universities. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-15.</p><p>Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research: Sage publications.</p><p>Martinovic, D., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Situating ICT in the teacher education program: Overcoming challenges, fulfilling expectations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(3), 461-469.</p><p>Meisalo, V., Lavonen, J., Sormunen, K., & Vesisenaho, M. (2011). ICT in Finnish initial teacher education: Country report for the OECD/CERI New Millennium Learners Project ICT in Initial Teacher Training. 1799-0343.</p><p>Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Minott, M. A., & Young, A. E. (2009). The benefits of employing a hybrid evaluation approach, enacted through evaluation survey and reflective journaling in teacher education in the Cayman Islands. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 34(4), 16-26.</p><p>Mishra, M., Sharma, V. K., & Tripathi, R. (2010). ICT as a Tool for Teaching and Learning in Respect of Learner with Disability.</p><p>Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers college record, 108(6), 1017-1054.</p><p>Mouza, C. (2018). The role of teachers in teaching and learning with technology. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 18(3), 491-493.</p><p>Mugot, D. C., & Sumbalan, E. B. (2019). The 21 st Century Learning Skills and Teaching Practices of Pre-Service Teachers: Implication to the New Philippine Teacher Education Curriculum. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), 2(1), 22-28.</p><p>Muniandy, B., & Veloo, S. (2011). Managing and utilizing online video clips for teaching English language: Views of TESOL pre service teachers. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Education and Management Technology IPCSIT.</p><p>O'Neal, L. J., Gibson, P., & Cotten, S. R. (2017). Elementary school teachers' beliefs about the role of technology in 21st-century teaching and learning. Computers in the Schools, 34(3), 192-206.</p><p>OLeary, Z. (2014). Primary data: Surveys, interviews and observation. The essential guide to doing your research project, 201-216.</p><p>Oladosu, K., Abd-el-Aziz, A., IBIRONKE, E., Alasan, N., & Makanjuola, T. (2020). Pre-Service Teachers Perceived Technological, Pedagogical, Content Knowledge And Self-Efficacy On The Use Of Information And Communication Technology. International Journal of Innovative Technology Integration in Education, 4(1), 61-69.</p><p>Olofsson, A. D., Lindberg, J. O., Fransson, G., & Hauge, T. E. (2011). Uptake and use of digital technologies in primary and secondary schoolsa thematic review of research. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 10(Jubileumsnummer), 103-121.</p><p>Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Glazewski, K. D., Newby, T. J., & Ertmer, P. A. (2010). Teacher value beliefs associated with using technology: Addressing professional and student needs. Computers & education, 55(3), 1321-1335.</p><p>z, H. (2015). Assessing Pre-service English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. International Education Studies, 8(5), 119.</p><p>Ozkan, K. (2014). Measuring technology acceptance level of Turkish pre-service English teachers by using technology acceptance model. Educational Research and Reviews, 9(23), 1323-1333.</p><p>Paine, L., Aydarova, E., & Syahril, I. (2017). Globalization and teacher education. Handbook of research on teacher education, 2.</p><p>Pamuk, S. (2012). Understanding preservice teachers' technology use through TPACK framework. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(5), 425-439.</p><p>Park, M., & Son, J.-B. (2020). Pre-service EFL teachers readiness in computer-assisted language learning and teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1-15.</p><p>Polly, D., & Brantley-Dias, L. (2009). TPACK: Where do we go now? TechTrends, 53(5), 46.</p><p>Raman, K., & Yamat, H. (2014). Barriers teachers face in integrating ICT during English lessons: A case study. Malaysian Online journal of educational technology, 2(3), 11-19.</p><p>Ranellucci, J., Rosenberg, J. M., & Poitras, E. G. (2020). Exploring pre-service teachers' use of technology: The technology acceptance model and expectancyvalue theory. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(6), 810-824.</p><p>Redmond, P., & Lock, J. (2019). Secondary pre-service teachers perceptions of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): What do they really think? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(3).</p><p>Robroo, I. (2019). The effect of using e-learning for enhancing active learning of pre-service teachers. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 9(11), 803.</p><p>Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data: sage.</p><p>Rusli, R., Hashim, H., Yunus, M. M., Khairani Zakaria, N. Y., & Norman, H. (2019). Leveraging the Use of Social Media in Teaching Writing: A Qualitative Investigation among ESL Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 13(11).</p><p>Sahin, I. (2011). Development of survey of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(1).</p><p>Snchez-Garca, A.-B., Marcos, J.-J. M., GuanLin, H., & Escribano, J. P. (2013). Teacher development and ICT: The effectiveness of a training program for in-service school teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 92, 529-534.</p><p>Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J., & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & education, 54(1), 103-112.</p><p>Saran, S., Chapman, T., & Sharma, M. (2018). A New Social Contract for the Digital Age. Retrieved from</p><p>Saravanakumar, A. (2018). Role of ICT on Enhancing Quality of Education. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3(12), 717-719.</p><p>Scherer, R., Tondeur, J., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2018). The importance of attitudes toward technology for pre-service teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge: Comparing structural equation modeling approaches. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 67-80.</p><p>Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) the development and validation of an assessment instrument for preservice teachers. Journal of research on technology in education, 42(2), 123-149.</p><p>Shin, T., Koehler, M., Mishra, P., Schmidt, D., Baran, E., & Thompson, A. (2009). Changing technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) through course experiences. Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.</p><p>Shulman, L. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard educational review, 57(1), 1-23.</p><p>Singh, C. K. S., & Kasim, Z. M. (2019). Pre-service teachers' mastery of technological pedagogical content knowledge for teaching English language. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(10A), 24-29.</p><p>Smith, J. J., & Greene, H. C. (2013). Pre-service teachers use e-learning technologies to enhance their learning. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 12(1), 121-140.</p><p>Sultan, S. (2020). Importance of Pre-Service Teacher Training and Need of Time to Strengthen at National Level. sjesr, 3(3), 326-334.</p><p>Susanty, R., Yunos, Z., Ahmad, M., & Razali, N. (2019). Instilling Digital Citizenship Skills Through Education: A Malaysian Perspective. Paper presented at the European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security.</p><p>Swallow, M. J., & Olofson, M. W. (2017). Contextual understandings in the TPACK framework. Journal of research on technology in education, 49(3-4), 228-244.</p><p>Tai, S.-J. D. (2013). From TPACK-in-action workshops to English classrooms: CALL competencies developed and adopted into classroom teaching.</p><p>Tee, M. Y., Samuel, M., Nor, N. M., Sathasivam, R. V., & Zulnaidi, H. (2018). Classroom practice and the quality of teaching: Where a nation is going. Journal of International and Comparative Education (JICE), 17-33.</p><p>Theelen, H. (2021). Looking around in the classroom: Developing preservice teachers interpersonal competence with classroom simulations. Wageningen University. </p><p>Thompson, A. D., & Mishra, P. (2007). Editors' remarks: Breaking news: TPCK becomes TPACK! Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 24(2), 38-64.</p><p>Tondeur, J. (2018). Enhancing future teachers competencies for technology integration in education: Turning theory into practice. Paper presented at the Seminar. net.</p><p>Tondeur, J., Aesaert, K., Pynoo, B., van Braak, J., Fraeyman, N., & Erstad, O. (2017). Developing a validated instrument to measure preservice teachers ICT competencies: Meeting the demands of the 21st century. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 462-472.</p><p>Tondeur, J., Pareja Roblin, N., van Braak, J., Voogt, J., & Prestridge, S. (2017). Preparing beginning teachers for technology integration in education: Ready for take-off? Technology, pedagogy and education, 26(2), 157-177.</p><p>Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2017). A comprehensive investigation of TPACK within pre-service teachers ICT profiles: Mind the gap! Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(3).</p><p>Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2020). Enhancing pre-service teachers technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): A mixed-method study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 319-343.</p><p>Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2017). Understanding the relationship between teachers pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(3), 555-575.</p><p>Traianou, A., & Hammersley, M. (2021). Is there a right not to be researched? Is there a right to do research? Some questions about informed consent and the principle of autonomy. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(4), 443-452.</p><p>Tschannen-Moran, M., & Gareis, C. R. (2004). Principals' sense of efficacy. Journal of Educational administration.</p><p>Valtonen, T., Sointu, E., Kukkonen, J., Kontkanen, S., Lambert, M. C., & Mkitalo-Siegl, K. (2017). TPACK updated to measure pre-service teachers twenty-first century skills. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(3).</p><p>Van Den Dool, P., & Kirschner, P. (2003). Integrating the Educative Functions of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in teachers' and learners' toolboxes: a reflection on pedagogical benchmarks for ICT in teacher education. Technology, pedagogy and education, 12(1), 161-179.</p><p>Van Driel, J. H., Beijaard, D., & Verloop, N. (2001). Professional development and reform in science education: The role of teachers' practical knowledge. Journal of Research in Science teaching, 38(2), 137-158.</p><p>Villa, G. (2017). e-Learning culture: Operationalization of a systemic model to support ICT-integration in pre-service teacher trainers practice.</p><p>Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledgea review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(2), 109-121.</p><p>Voogt, J., & McKenney, S. (2017). TPACK in teacher education: Are we preparing teachers to use technology for early literacy? Technology, pedagogy and education, 26(1), 69-83.</p><p>Wade, M. V. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. Clemson International Institute for Tourism & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University.</p><p>Weitze, C. L. (2017). Designing pedagogical innovation for collaborating teacher teams. Journal of Education for tEaching, 43(3), 361-373.</p><p>Wen, H., & Shinas, V. H. (2020). Using a multidimensional approach to examine TPACK among teacher candidates. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 37(1), 30-47.</p><p>Wilhelmsen, J., rnes, H., Kristiansen, T., & Breivik, J. (2009). Digitale utfordringer i hyere utdanning. Norgesuniversitetets IKT-monitor, 1, 2009.</p><p>Woolf, S. B. (2019). Critical skills for special educator effectiveness: Which ones matter most, and to whom? Teacher Education and Special Education, 42(2), 132-146.</p><p>Xiong, X. B., & Lim, C. P. (2015). Rethinking the impacts of teacher education program on building the ICT in education competencies of pre-service teachers: A case of teacher education in mainland China.</p><p>Yamat, H., Kaur, K., & Singh, P. K. (2016). What Primary School Teachers Say About Their Beliefs on Teaching and Learning of English as a Second Language (ESL)(Apa yang Diperkatakan oleh Guru Sekolah Rendah Mengenai Kepercayaan Mereka terhadap Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggeris Sebagai Bahasa Kedua). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia (Malaysian Journal of Education), 41(2), 125-130.</p><p>Yin, R. K. (2009). How to do better case studies. The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods, 2(254-282).</p><p>Yuen Fook, C., Sidhu, G. K., Kamar, N., & Abdul Aziz, N. (2011). Pre-Service Teachers' Training in Information Communication and Technology for the ESL Classrooms in Malaysia. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), 97-108.</p><p>Yunus, M. M. (2007). Malaysian ESL teachers use of ICT in their classrooms: expectations and realities. ReCALL, 19(1), 79-95.</p><p>Yunus, M. M., & Suliman, A. (2014). Information & communication technology (ICT) tools in teaching and learning literature component in Malaysian secondary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(7), 136.</p><p></p><p></p>